Australia’s Road Lighting Standards –Australia’s Road Lighting Standards –into the energy efficiency ageinto the energy efficiency age

byAlec Fisher Chair Standards CommitteeLighting for roads and public spaces

Into the energy efficiency ageInto the energy efficiency age

WHAT ROAD LIGHTING ?

There are about 2 million luminaires in service in Australia

30% are on main roads - Cat V and 70% on local roads - Cat P

Cat V - 250/400W lamps, Cat P - 40/80W lamps energy ~ equal

Projected increase 1.5-2% per annum - 45% over past 14 years

Costs - ~$10 a resident, ~$1m LG budget, 1-2% LG outlays

Into the energy efficiency ageInto the energy efficiency age

HOW IS ENERGY EFFICIENCY BEING MANDATED? • Originally part of the AGO Greenlight program

• To be implemented by compliance requirements in Standards - AS/NZS 1158 Lighting for roads and public spaces

• Traffic route lighting Category V - MEPs in W/m for HPS and MV for Cat V1 to V5

- Maximum ballast loss -‘Encourage’ service providers to replace low efficacy HPM (~30% of total)

• Pedestrian lighting Category P - ‘Encourage’ good practice - Trials of energy efficient luminaires

Into the energy efficiency ageInto the energy efficiency age

RECENT AMENDMENT OF 1158.1.1 CATEGORY V

LAMP REQUIREMENTS

Normally lamps used in Category V lighting schemes shall be HPS lamps

Where either the client or the lighting designer has documented that the colour rendering characteristics or colour appearance characteristics of HPS lamps are inadequate for the application, in which case MH lamps shall be used.

Applications where MH is deemed to be necessary include the following: - Cat V lighting in town and city centres. - Cat V lighting in or close to retail, commercial or entertainment precincts.

The use of HPM lamps in Category V lighting schemes is not permitted.

Ballast losses not greater than in 1158.6 Luminaires

Into the energy efficiency ageInto the energy efficiency age

Energy efficiency in Cat P

Cat P - large potential gains with newest CF and T5 lamps plus electronic ballasts

Energy usage by lamp type (including control gear)

Lamp CFL 42W T5 2x14W HPM 80W TF 2x20W Energy 47W 30W 89W 50W

But are they reliable? Equivalent 1st year failure rates from trial of 1175 T5 (20 months) and 250 CFL luminaires (17 months) Luminaire Lamp failures % ECG failures % 2x14W T5 trial 1.6 0.5 42W CFL trial 1.7 0.6 80W HPM historical 3.2 NA

Results indicate no technical bar to use

Into the energy efficiency ageInto the energy efficiency age

Into the energy efficiency ageInto the energy efficiency age

What about lighting performance? Indicative spacings for the different luminaires – H = 7.5m Road reserve = 20m

Luminaire Category P3 Category P4 Category P5 2 x 14W T5 26.1m 65.7m 81.9m

42W CFL 36.7m 70.6m 84.1m

2 x 24W T5 41.8m 74.5m 89.1m

80W HPM 43.7m 71.5m 87.2m

2 x 20W T8 - 17.9m 48.9m

Into the energy efficiency ageInto the energy efficiency age

RECENT AMENDMENT OF 1158.3.1 CAT P

Luminaire Type 4

The intensity at any angle of azimuth shall be not more than— (i) 720 cd in total or 180 cd/1000 lamp lumens, whichever is the

greater, at a vertical angle of 80° (ii) 300 cd in total or 80 cd/1000 lamp lumens, whichever is the

greater, at a vertical angle of 90°.

The changes are necessary because the original criteria inadvertently technically disadvantaged luminaires with energy efficient lamps, i.e. T5 and CFL. The change to absolute cd units is based on the in-service 80 W HPM.

The new luminaires have cd values much below that value. The original criteria are retained for the higher wattage luminaires.

T5 and CFL to be included in 1158.6 Luminaires Ballast losses set by regulation

Into the energy efficiency ageInto the energy efficiency age

NSW - with the encouraging results of the trials, Energy Australia has offered its customers the choice of the luminaires using CFL and T5 lamps. Over the next six years a program to replace 60 000 obsolescent 2x20W TF luminaires will be implemented

What is happening in other States?Queensland - 3year trial of 300 luminaires, fully instrumented, continuously monitoredVictoria - 300k 80w HPM luminaires; recent cost determination by regulator; Councils can proceed at own pace; 32W CFL favoured

Tasmania – T5 favoured South Australia?

Western Australia?

Overall we have not proceeded far into the energy efficiency age in public lighting

Into the energy efficiency ageInto the energy efficiency age

ARE THERE OTHER POTENTIAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY MEASURES?

Zero upward light – cut-off lighting requires more points - UWL Cat V 1% and Cat P 5%

Lower light level – 1158 light level low (Cat V) to very low (Cat P) compared to CE and EU

Dimming or switching out for reduced traffic/late hours – Cat V is good accident counter measure

LED lighting – still developing and untried in field

Solar power – isolated rural sites only

Cat V lamp ballasts

In Australia efficient lamps give best viable option

IN PERSPECTIVE AUS ROAD LIGHTING

IS IN GOOD SHAPE COMPARED TO THAT IN SOME COUNTRIES!