AUSTRALIAN NATURAL

HISTORY

VOLUME 16

1968-1970

Quarterly Magazine Published by

THE AUSTRALlAN MUSEUM, SYDNEY

EDlTOR: F. H. TALBOT, Ph.D., F.L.S.

THE AUSTRALIAN MUSEUM 6 8 College Street, Sydney, .S.W. 2000; telephone, 26 6954; P.O. Box A285, Sydney South,

.S.W. 2000; telegraphic address: Museum

BOARD OF TRU TEES

PRESmENT OF THUSTEES: W. H. MAZE, M.�c.

< HOWN TR USTEE: EMFRITUS I'RO�ESSOR A. P. ELK I C.M.G., M.A .. Ph. D.

OFFICIAL TR TEES:

TilE 110 . THE CHIFF JUSTICE, THE HO . THF PRESIDE�T OF THE LEGISLATIVE COU 'CIL TilE 110'\,. THE CHIEF SECRETARY. THE 110 . THf ATTOR EY·GE;o.JfRAL. THE HO . THL TRFASIIRER. THE HON. THE MINISTER FOR PUBLIC WORKS, THC HO . THE Ml ISTER FOR fDUCATIO THE AUDITOR·GFNERAL. THE PRESIDENT OF THE , EW SOUTH WALES

\1FDICAL BOARD. THE SURVEYOR·GE ERAL A D CIIIEF SURVEYOR. THE CRO\\ 1\

SOLICITOR.

ELECTIVE THvSTEES:

SIR �RA K \1cDO\\-ELL: R. J. NOBLE, C.B.E .. M.Sc .. Ph.D.: G. A. JOH SON. 1\I.B.E.: S. HAVJLA D ,

C.B.F.: PROFESSOR L. C. BIRCH. O.Sc.. F.A.A.; PROFF. SOR D. P. 1\IELLOR. D.Sc .. F.R.A.C.I.;

R. C. RICHARD; PROFESSOR H. N. BARBER, F.R.S .. F.A.A.: K. L. SUTHF.RLA D. D.Sc .. F.A.A.;

PROFES'>OR A. H. VOISFY. D.'>c.; PROrl·� OR G. H. SATCHELL, Ph.D.

DIRECfOR: DEP TY DlnECTOR:

I . H. TALBOT. Ph. D., F.L.S. ELIZABETH C. POPE. M.Sc.

PlliNCIPAL CL'HATOR:

C. . SMITHERS, M.Sc., Ph.D.

SCIENTIFIC STAFF:

R. 0. CIIALMERS. A.S.T.C.. Curator of Minerals and Rock •.

'i. S. CLARK. M.Sc .. Assistant Curator. Department of En-..ironmental Studie'-.

H. G. COGGFR. M.Sc .. Ph.D .. Curator of Reptile\ and Amphibian\.

11. J. Dr S. DIS1 EY, M.A .. Curator of Bird>.

\1. R. GRAY. M .Se .. ASSIStant Curator (Arachnolo�) ).

D. J. G. GRIFrt . 1\I.Sc .. Ph. D .. Curator of Crustacons and Coelenterat<s.

PATRICIA A. HUTCH! 'GS. B.Sc .. Ph.D .. Assistant Curator of \1arine lmertebrate>.

D. K. McALPINE. M.Sc .. Ph.D., D.I.C .. F.R.F.S .. A"i"ant Curator of ln,ecl\ and Arachnid<.

B. J. 1ARLOW. B.Sc .. Curator of Mammals.

0. R. 1\IOORE. 1\I.A .. Dip.Anthrop., Curator of Anthropolog).

J. R. PAXTO . \1.Sc., Ph.D., Curator of Fi,hes.

W. F. PO'IDER, M.Sc .. Ph.D .. Curator of Mollu>C>.

FLIZAIIETH C. POPE, M.Sc .. Curator of Worms and Fchinodernh.

H. r. RECI-IER. Ph.D .. Curator. Department of En,ironmental Studie,,

A. RITCHIE. Ph.D., Curator of Fossils.

C. N. S'IITHERS, M.Sc., Ph.D .. Curator of lohCCI\ und Arachnids.

J. 1'. WHITE. M.A., Ph.D .. A,sistant Curator of Anthropolo�).

Vacant: A')'>i�tant Curatorship of Fir;he�.

EDUCATION OFFICE!!:

PATRICIA M. McDO AI D. R.Sc., M.Ed.

CONTENTS

Page

No. l, MARCH, 1968

The Turrid Shellfish of Au tralian Seas . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A. W. B. PowELL

Head-hunters in the Western District, Papua . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . Rov D. MACKAY 7

Argentine Ants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . G. PASFIELD 12

Venomous Ringed Octopus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Mangroves and their Fauna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . WtLLIAM McNAv 17

The Mud-lobster . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ISOBEL BEN ETT 22

Book Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . • . . . . • . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

Venomous Starfish in Sydney Harbour . . . . • . . . . • . . . . . . • . . . . • . . . . . . ELIZABETH POPE 26

Experiments on the Effects of Radiation on Ants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . S. H. SKAIF� 27

The Ross and other Antarctic Seals JUDITH E. KtNG 29

No. 2, JUNE, 1968

Australian Dragonflies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . • . . . . • . . . . J. A. L. WATSO 33

The Sea-lions of Dangerous Reef . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . B. J. MARLOW 39

Fishes Beneath Antarctic Ice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DONALD E. WOHLSCHLAG 45

Distribution and Adaptive Diversity of Trapdoor Spiders BARBARA YoRK MAIN 49

The Little Bent-winged Bat-Evolution in Progress P. D. DWYER 55

Ecological Aspects of Serpulid Fouling . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DALE STRAUGHA 59

Book Reviews . . . • . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48, 54, 58, 64

iv CONTE TS

o. 3, SEPTEMBER, 1968

Some Aspects of Recent Australian Mineral Development . ... .... . . . . R. 0. CHALMERS

Fi hes of the Oceanic Midwaters . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . JoH R. PAXTO

Pottery Making in Oralan Village, Portuguese Timor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I. G. GLOVER

Studies of Prehistory in the New Guinea Highlands . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . J. PETER WHITE

Bushfircs and Their Effect on Fauna and Flora . ... . ... . . . . . ... . . . . H. J. DES. DISNEY

Books on the Subantarctic and Barrier Reef Reviewed

The Computer and the Tropical Rainforest . . . . . . . . . . W. T. WILLIAMS A o L. J. WEBB

0. 4, DECEMBER, 1968

Page

65

71

77

83

87

90

92

Antarctica, ature's Unique Scientific Laboratory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PHILLIP LAw 97

Mineral Resources and Geology . . . . . ... . . . . . .. . . ... . . .. . . . . . . . . . . C. T. McELROY 101

Meteorite Disco,eries . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . R. 0. CHALMERS 106

Plant L ife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . GEORGE A. LtAI"O 107

Whales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J. L. BAN tSTER 114

Coastal Fishes .. . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HuoH H. DEWtTT 119

Insects and Their Relatives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J. LINSLEY GRESSITT 124

Book Review . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128

Echinoderms . . .. . . . . . ... . ... . .. . . . . . . ... . .. . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . DAVID L. PAwsoN 129

Benthic Invertebrates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . JOHN H. DEARBORN 134

Life in Primaeval Times . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . ... . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . EDNA P. PLUMSTEAD 140

INDEX

ames of ronrriburors are set in small rapitals

Aboriginal man in European Australia, 442. Aboriginal music: can we appreciate it? 289. Aborigines, Australian, Captain Cook and the,

255. Above the tree line, 213. Adaptive diversity and distribution of trapdoor

spiders, 49. Alpine flora, 213. Amphibians and reptiles, collecting, in ew

Guinea, 309. Ancient fish of Australia, 218. Angas's Sea-hare, 15. Antarctic benthic invertebrates, 134. Antarctic coastal fishes. 119. Antarctic echinoderms, 129. Antarctic ice, fishes beneath, 45. Antarctic in ects and their relatives, 124. Antarctic life in primaeval times, 140. Antarctic plant life, 107. Antarctic ea star, 234. Antarctic seals, 29. Antarctic whale , 114. Antarctica, nature's unique scientific laboratory,

97. Antarctica's mineral resources and geology, 101. Ants: Argentine, 12; experiments on the effects

of radiation on, 27. Aplysia dacrylomela, 15. Aquila audax, 209. Archaeological discoveries, recent, in Central

Papua, 229. Archives, value of, in connection with the Talgai

cranium, 189. Argentine Ants, 12. Art, Melanesian, exhibition of, 30, 53. Associates, Honorary, of Museum, 26. Aulostomus chinensis, 6. Australasian Subantarctic islands, 156, 196. Australia: ancient fish of, 218: first botanical

studies in, 251; future of wildlife in, 321; nickel occurrences in, 356; pond life in, 326: the Endeat•our's naturalists in, 247.

Australian Aborigines, Captain Cook and the. 255.

Australian bird-banding scheme, 183. Australian crabs, 304. Australian dragonflies, 33. Australian landmarks, Captain Cook's, 261. Australian mammals since 1770, 271. Australian mineral development, recent, 65. Australian Museum-See Museum, Australian. Australian seas, turrid shellfish of, I. Australian waters, pollution in, 409.

BANNISTER, J. L.: Antarctic Whales, 114. Bat, Lilt le Bent-winged, evolution in progress, 55. Bats, use of echo-location by, 367. Behaviour of the Humbug Fish, 362. Behaviour, ocial, and its evolution, 200.

BEN NETT, ISOBEL: The Mud-lobster, 22. Benthic invertebrates, Antarctic, 134. BIRCH, L. CHARLES: Modern Man and his

Environmental Crisis, 385. Bird-banding scheme, Australian, 183. Birds, eastern Australian, recorded on the

Endeavour's voyage, 267. Black Swan, 375. Book on marine molluscs, 319. Book review, naturalist replies 10, 408. BooK REVIEWS: A Portfolio of Australian Birds,

by William T. Cooper, 260; A Treasury of Australian Wildlife, edited by D. F. McMichael, 239; An 11/ustrated Encyclo­paedia of Aboriginal Life, by A. W. Reed, 366; Animal Locomotion, by Sir James Gray, 128; Astronomical Objects for Southern Telescopes, by E. J. Hartung, 195; Australian Birds, by Robin Hill, 54; Australian Buuer/fies in Colour, 374: Australian Seashores in Colour, by Keith Gillell and John Yaldwyn, 441; Australian Waules, by Douglass Baglin and Barbara Mullins, 155: Australian Wildjfoll'ers in Colour, by Douglass Baglin and Barbara Mull ins, 308: Australian Wildlife Conservation, by Vincent Serventy, 330; Beneath Australian Seas, by Waiter Deas and Clarrie Lawler, 401; Birds of Australia, by A. Rutgers, 54; Birds of Paradox, ed. by Jack Pollard, 64; Children of the Desert, by Phyl and Noel Wallace, 195; Collecting Specimens, by John Child, 432; Common City Birds, by Graeme Chapman, 436; Elements of Entomology, by Harold Oldroyd, 314; Field Guide to the Alpine Plants of New Zealand, by J. T. Salmon, 239; Flowers and Plams of Victoria, by Cochrane, Furher, Rotherham, and Willis, 239; How to Find Australian Gemstones, by Lois Sabine, 436; Kangaroos, by H. J. Frith and

J. H. Calaby, 293; Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park, by Douglass Baglin and Barbara M ullins, 223; Lane/forms of Cold Climates, by J. L. Davies, 266; Marine Fishes of ew Zealand, by Eric Heath and John Moreland, 25; Nature Walkabout, by Vincent Serventy, 91; Oceanic Art, Masks and Sculptures from New Guinea, by Jean Guiart, 260; Plants Harmful to Man in Australia, by D. F. Francis and R. V. Southcott, 48; Possum Moods, by Paule

Ridpath, 58; Recent Foramimferida of the Central Coast of New South Wales, by Alberto D. Albani, 319; Southern Walk­about, by Vincent Serventy, 417; Sub­Antarctic Sanctuary: Summer-time on Macquarie Island, by Mary Gillham, 90: The Aboriginal People. by Aldo Mas ola.

450

366; The Australian Great Barrier Reef in Colour, by Keith Gillett, 90; The Camel in Australia, by T. L. McKnight, 325; The Lires of Wasps and Bees, by Sir Christopher Andrewes, 370; The Native Tribes of Central Australia, by Baldwin Spencer and F. J. Gillen, 390; Wild/lowers of South-east Australia, by Jutta Hose! (ed. John Child), 395.

Botanical studies in Australia, the first, 251. BRAITHWAITE, L. W.: The Black Swan, 375. Budgerigars, 353. BuLMER, SusA ': Recent Archaeological

Discoveries in Central Papua, 229. Bushfires and their effect on fauna and flora, 87. Bushfly, 331. Butterfly, Cabbage White, 300. Butterfly, Wanderer, trapped, 25.

Cabbage White Butterfly, 300. CALABY, J. H.: Australian Mammals Since 1770,

271. Can we appreciate Aboriginal music? 289. Cannons, Endeavour's, recovery of, 281. Captain Cook and the Australian Aborigine, 255. Captain Cook, portrait, 241. Captain Cook's Australian landmarks, 264. Captain Cook's role in natural history, 242. CARTtR, N.: A Paradise Lost-the Kurnell

Peninsula Since 1770, 276. Caterpillar, Privet Hawk-moth, 319. Central Papua, recent archaeological discoveries

in, 229. Ct·IALMERS, R. 0.: Captain Cook's Australian

Landmarks, 261; Some Aspects of Recent Australian Mineral Development, 65.

CHILD, Jo1·1N: Pond Life in Australia, 326. Circadian rhythms, 380. Coastal fishes, Antarctic, Jl9. Collecting reptiles and amphibians 1n New

Guinea, 309. Computer and the tropical rainforest, 92. Conservation, modern man and, 402. Conserving the southwest Tasmanian wilderness,

145. Contributors: see Meet Our Contributors. Cook, Captain James: see Captain Cook. Covt:R PHOTOs: Antarctic map and glacier,

December, 1968, issue; Australian Hair Seal, June, 1970; Botany Bay map and photo, December, 1969; Brittle Star, March, 1968, issue; Brush-tailed Possum, March, 1969; burrowing frog, June, 1968; carved human figures from Trobriand Jslands. September, 1968; ccrussite, September, 1970; Chrysaora jellyfish, March, 1969; desert gecko, June, 1968; Eastern Brown Snake, March, 1970; Gentoo Penguin, December, 1968; Geoffroy's Long-ea red Bat, September, 1968; Golden-shouldered Parrot, September, 1970; headshield of arthrodiran fish, September, 1969; inner suburbs of Sydney, December, 1 970; New

INDEX

Guinea bark pamtmg, June, 1969; New Guinea ceremonial shield, March, 1968;

ew Guinea house pot, June, 1970; Radiograph of Butterfly Fish, March, 1970; Scorpions, September, 1969; Wedge-tailed Eagle, June, 1969.

Crabs: Australian, 304; "positive" and ''negative", 28.

Cranium, Talgai, and the value of archives, 189.

Danaus plexippus, 25. Dangerous Reef, sea-lions of, 39. Darwin's journey in N.S. W. , 371. Dascyl/us aruanus, 362. DEARBOR , JoHN H.: Antarctic Benthic Inverte­

brates, 134. Deceptive simplicity of nematodes, 172. Devonian " Great Barrier Reef" of Western

Australia, 339. DEWITT, HUGH H.: Antarctic Coastal Fishes,

119. Discoveries, recent archaeological, in central

Papua, 229. Disease, modern man and, 433. DISNEY, H. J. DES.: Bushfires and their Effect

on Fauna and Flora, 87; Eastern Australian Birds Recorded on the Endeavour's voyage, 267; Prehistoric Papuan Engraving, 344.

Distribution and adaptive diversity of trapdoor spiders, 49.

Dragonflies, Australian, 33. DwvER, P. D.: The Little Bent-winged Bat,

Evolution in Progress, 55.

Eagle, Wedge-tailed, 209. Eastern Australian birds recorded on the

Endeavour's voyage, 267. Echinoderms, Antarctic, 129. Echo-location, use of by bats, 367. Ecological aspects of serpulid fouling, 59. Ecological sense, the need for, 396. Ecology, human-what does it mean? 391. Eel, moray, dangers of, 177. Eggs, moth, 346. Egretta sacra, 151. EHRLtCH, PAUL R. AND A 'NE H.: Lassa Fever:

1970-72. ELus, CATHERtNE J.: Can We Appreciate

Aboriginal Music? 289. Endeavour ashore for repair, 254. Endeavour's cannons, recovery of, 281. Endeavour's naturalists in Australia, 247. Endeavour's voyage, eastern Australian birds

recorded on the, 267. Engraving, prehistoric Papuan, 344. Environment, urban, 418. Environmental crisis, modern man's, 385. Evolution in progress (the Little Bent-winged

Bat), 55. Evolution, social behaviour and its, 200. Exhibition of Melanesian art, 30, 53. Experiments on the effects of radiation on ants,

27.

Farming, fire- tick, 224. Farming the sea, 295.

INDEX

Fauna and flora, effect of bushfires on, 87. Fauna, of mangroves, 17. Fever, Lassa, 437. Films, Australian Museum, 86. Fire-stick farming, 224. First botanical studies in Australia, 251. Fish: ancient, of Australia, 218; Humbug,

behaviour of, 362. Fishes, Antarctic coastal, 119. Fishes beneath Antarctic ice, 45. Fishes of the oceanic midwaters, 71. FLETCHER, BRIAN S.: Circadian Rhythms, 380. Flora, alpine, 213. Flora and fauna, effect of bushfires on, 87. FOI , THEODORE C., Jr.: Man and a Vulnerable

Earth: the eed for Ecological Sense, 396. Future of wildlife in Australia, 321.

Gecko, orthern Leaf-tailed, 38. Geology and mineral resources of Antarctica,

101. Giant Petrel banded, 123. GLOVER, I. C.: Pottery Making in Oralan

Village, Portuguese Timor, 77. '·Great Barrier Reef", Devonian, of Western

Australia, 339. GRESSITT, J. LINSLEY: Antarctic Insects and

their Relatives, 124. GRIFFI , D. J. G.: Australian Crabs, 304.

Hapalochlaena maculosa, 16. HARRIS, THISTLE Y.: Above the Tree Line, 213. Head-hunters in the Western District, Papua, 7. Heron, Reef, 151. HETZEL, BASIL S.: Modern Man and Disease,

433. Honorary Associates of Museum, 26. How dangerous is the moray eel? 177. HUGHES, R. D.: The Bushfly, 331. Human ecology-what does it mean? 391. Humbug Fish, behaviour of, 362. Hunter River Valley, prehistory of, 166.

Increase in price of magazine, 214. I GHAM, ElL: Town Planning-a Modern

eed for Modern Man, 423. INGLIS, W. GRA T: The Deceptive Simplicity

of ematodes, 172. Insects, Antarctic, and their relatives, 124. Introduced land molluscs, I 62. Invertebrates, benthic, Antarctic, I 34. Islands, Australasian Subantarctic, 156, 196.

Jo ES , RHYS: Fire-stick Farming, 224.

KIKKAWA, JtRO: Social Behaviour and its Evolution, 200.

KtNG, JuorTH E.: The Ross and Other Antarctic Seals, 29.

KtNSt:.Y, D. W.: Yeasts, 335. Kurnell Peninsula since I 770-a "Paradise

Lost", 276.

451

Land molluscs, introduced, 162. Landmarks, Australian, Captain Cook's, 261. Lassa fever, 1970-72, 437. LAw, PHILLIP: Antarctica, ature·s Unique

Scientific Laboratory, 97. Life in primaeval times, Antarctic, 140. Lissocarcinus orbicularis, 28. Little Bent-winged Bat, evolution in progress, 55. LLA o, GEORGE A.: Plant Life in Antarctica,

107. Lobster, mud, 22. Macronectes giganteus, banded, 123. Magazine, increase in price, 214. MAl , BARBARA YORK: Distribution and

Adaptive Diversity of Trapdoor Spiders, 49. Mammals, Australian, since 1770, 271. Man and a vulnerable earth: the need for

ecological sense, 396. Man: ce also Modern Man. Mangroves and their fauna, 17. Marine molluscs, book on, 319. MARLOW, B. J.: The Sea-lions of Dangerou�

Reef, 39. McELROY, C. T. : Mineral Resources and

Geology of Antarctica, 101. McFARLA D, OEL: Moth Eggs. McGtLLIVRAY, D. J.: The First Botanical

Studies in Australia, 251. MACl TOSI-I, N. W. G.: The Talgai Cranium:

the Value of Archives, 189. MACKAY, Rov D.: Head-hunters in the Western

District, Papua, 7. McMtCHAEL, Do ALD F.: The Future of Wildlife

in Australia, 321. MACNAF, WtLLIAM : Mangroves and their fauna.

17. M EFT OUR Co TRIBUTORS: 176, 208, 240, 288,

320, 352, 384, 448. MEGAW, J. V. S.: Captain Cook and the

Australian Aborigine, 255. Melanesian art, exhibition of, 30, 53; gallery

opened by Governor, 91. Meteorite discoveries, 106. M id waters, oceanic, fishes of, 7 J. Mineral development, Australian, recent, 65. Mineral resources and geology of Antarctica, I 0 I. Miniopterus australis, 55. Minute mollusca, 205. Modern man and disease, 433. Modern man and his environmental crisis, 385. Modern man and nature conservation, 402. Modern man and town planning, 423. Mollusca, minute, 205. Molluscs, land, introduced, I 62. Molluscs, marine, book on, 319. MOORE, DAVID R.: Aboriginal Man in European

Australia, 442; The Prehistory of the Hunter River Valley, 166.

Moray eel, dangers of, 177. Mosaic Starfish, 26. MOSLEY, J. G.: Conserving the southwest

Tasmanian wilderness, 145; Modern Man and Nature Conservation, 402.

452

Moth eggs, 346. Mud-lobster, 22. Musca l'etustissima, 331. Museum, Australian: films, 86: Honorary

Associates, 26. Museum's musical in truments on Papua and

ew Guinea stamps. 294. Music, Aboriginal-can we appreciate it? 289. Mygalomorphac, 49.

atural history, Captain Cook's role in, 242. Naturalist replies to book review, 408. Naturalists, the Endeavour's, in Australia, 247. Nature conservation, 402. Nematodes, deceptive simplicity of, 172.

ew Caledonia, extremely large starfish from, 338.

cw Guinea: collecting reptiles and amphibians in, 309; studies of highlands prehistory, 83.

ickel occurrences in Australia, 356. orthern Leaf-tailed Gecko, 38.

Oceanic midwaters, fishes of, 71. Octopus, Venomous Ringed, 1 6 . Odontaster validus, 234. Oil pollution, 414. Overcrowding-a human problem, 429

Painted Flutemouth, 6. Papua and ew Guinea stamps, Mu cum's

musical instruments on, 294. Papua: central, recent archaeological discovcrie

in. 229; head-hunters in Western District, 7. Papuan engraving, prehistoric. 344. ''Paradise Lost''-the Kurnell Peninsula since

1770, 276. PARKER, FRED: Collecting Reptiles and

Amphibians in ew Guinea, 309. PASFIELO, G.: Argentine Ants, 1 2 . PAwso , DAvto L.: Antarctic echinoderm , 129. PAXTO , JoH R.: Fishes of the Oceanic

Midwaters, 71 . PEARSE, JoH S.: Antarctic Sea Star, 234. PETERS, J. V.: The Cabbage White Butterfly, 300. Petrel, Giant, banded, 123. Phyl/urus comutus, 38. Plant life in Antarctica, I 07. Platforms, shore, production of, 315. PLAYFORO, PHILLIP E.: The Devonian "Great

Barrier Reef" of Western Australia, 339. Plectaster decanus, 26. PLUMSTEAD, Eo A P.: Antarctic Life in

Primaeval Times, 140. Pollution in Australian waters, 409. Pollution, oil, 414. Pond life in Australia, 326. PONDER, W. F.: Minute Mollusca, 205. POPE, ELIZABETH C.: Extremely Large Starfish

from New Caledonia, 338; Venomous Ringed Octopus, 16; Venomous Starfish in Sydney Harbour, 26.

Portrait of Captain Cook, 241. Portuguese Timor, pottery makil'lg, 77.

INDEX

"Positive" and "negative" crabs, 28. Pottery making in Oralan village, Portuguese

Timor, 77. PowFLL, A. W. B.: The Turrid Shellfi h of

Australian Seas, I. Prehistoric Papuan engra\ ing, 34�. Prehistoric stone carving, Solomon I lands, 53. Prehistory in the ew Guinea highlands, studies

of, 83. Prehistory of the Hunter River Valley, 166. Price of magazine, increase in, 214. Primaeval times, Antarctic life in, 140. PRtNCF, J. H.: The Use of Echo-location by

Bats, 367. Privet Hawk-moth Caterpillar, 319. Production of horizontal high-tidal shore

platforms, 315. PURCHASE, D.: The Australian Bird-banding

Scheme. 183.

Radiation, effects of, on ants, 27. Rainforests, tropical, use of computer in, 92. RANDALL, JOH E.: How Dangerou is the

Moray Eel? 177. RAPOPORT, AMOS: The Urban Environment, 418. Recent archaelogical discoveries in Central

Papua, 229. RECHER, HARRY F. AND JUOY, A.: The Reef

Heron, 151. Reco\ery of the Endea1·our's cannons, 281 . Reef Heron, 151. Reptiles and amphibians, collecting, in ew

Guinea, 309. Rhythms, circadian, 380. RtOPATH, M. G.: The Wedge-tailed Eagle, 209. Ringed Octopus, 16. RtTCHIE, ALEXA DER: Ancient Fish of Australia,

218. Ross and other Antarctic seals, 29. RUSSELL, CLAIRE A o W. M. S.: Overcrowding,

a Human Problem, 429.

SALE, PETER F.: Behaviour of the Humbug Fish, 362.

SA DERS, NORMAN K.: The Production of Horizontal High-tidal Shore Platforms, 315.

Sea, farming the, 295. Sea star, Antarctic, 234. Sea-hare from Sydney Harbour, 15. Sea-lions of Dangerous Reef, 39. Seals, Ross and other Antarctic, 29. Seashells, 205. Serpulid fouling, ecological aspects of, 59. SERVE 'TY, VINCENT: Budgerigars, 353; reply tO

book review, 408. Shellfish, turrid, of Australian seas, I. Shore platforms, horizontal high-tidal,

production of, 315. Simplicity, deceptive, of nematodes, 172. SKAIFE, S. H.: Experiments on the Effects of

Radiation on Ants, 27. SMITH, BRtAN J.: Some Introduced Land

Mollusc , 162.

INDEX

Snails and slugs, 162. Social behaviour and its evolution, 200. Solomon Islands, prehistoric stone carving, 53. Some aspects of recent Australian mineral

development. 65. Southwest Tasmanian wilderness, conserving

the, 145. Spiny-backed Trumpet Fish, 6. Stamps, Papua and ew Guinea, Museum's

musical instruments on, 294. STANBURY, P. J.: Darwin's Journey in N.S.W.,

371 Starfish: Antarctic, 234; extremely large, 338;

Mosaic, 26; venomous, in Sydney Harbour, 26.

STRAUGHAN, DALE: Oil Pollution, 414. Studies of prehistory in the ew Guinea

highlands, 83. Subantarctic islands, Australasian, 156, I 96. Swan, Black, 375. Sydney Harbour, sea-hare from, 15; venomous

starfish in, 26.

Talgai cranium: the value of archives, 189. Tasmanian wilderness, southwest, conservation

of, 145. THOMSO , J. M.: Farming the Sea, 295;

Pollution in Australian Waters, 409. Town planning-a modern need for modern

man, 423. Trapdoor spiders, distribution and adaptive

diversity of, 49. Trapped butterfly, 25. Tree line, above the, 213. Tropical rainforest, use of computer in, 92. Trumpet Fish, Spiny-backed, 6 . Turrid shellfish o f Australian seas, I. TYLER , JAMES C.: The Recovery of the

Endeavour's Cannons, 281.

453

Urban environment, 418. Use of echo-location by bats, 367.

Venomous Ringed Octopus, 16. Venomous starfish in Sydney Harbour, 26.

WALLIS, G. R.: ickel Occurrences in Australia, 356.

Wanderer Butterfly, 25. Waters, Australian, pollution in, 409.

WATSON, J. A. L.: Australian Dragonflies, 33. WEBB, L. J., and WILLIAMS, W. T.: The Computer

and the Tropical Rainforest, 92. Wedge-tailed Eagle, 209. Western Australia, Devonian ··Great Barrier

Reef" of, 339. Whales, Antarctic, I 14. WHITE, J. P.: Museum's Musical Instruments

on Papua and ew Guinea Stamps, 294; Prehistoric Papuan Engraving, 344; Studies of Prehistory in the ew Guinea Highlands, 83.

WHITEHEAD, PETER J.: Captain Cook's Role in Natural History, 242.

WHITLEY, GILBERT P.: The Endeavour's Naturalists in Australia, 247.

Wilderness, southwest Tasmanian, conservation of, 145.

Wildlife in Australia, the future of, 321. WILLIAMS, W. T. and WEBB, L. J.: The Computer

and the Tropical Rainforest, 92. WOHLSCHLAG, DONALD E.: Fishes Beneath

Antarctic Ice, 45.

YALDWYN, J. C.: "'Positive" and "'Negative" Crabs, 28; Prehistoric Papuan Engraving, 344; The Australasian Subantarctic Islands, 156, 196.

Yeasts, 335.

Co. TENTS V

0. 5, MARCII, 1969 Page

Con crving the South\�est Tasmanian Wilderncs J. G. MOSLEY 145

The Reef Heron . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HARRY F. RECHER AND JUDY A. RECHER 151

Book Review . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

The Australian Subantarctic Islands (Part I) . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . • . . . . . J. C. Y ALDWY 156

Some Introduced Land Molluscs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BRIAN J. SMITH 162

The Prehistory of the Hunter River Valley . . • . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DAVID R. MOORF 166

The Deceptive Simplicity of ematodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . W. GRANT INGLIS 172

Meet Our Contributor 176

0. 6, J UNF, 1969

How Dangerou is the Moray Eel? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . JoHN E. RA DALL 177

The Australian Bird-Banding Scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. PuRCHASE 183

The Talgai Cranium: The Value of Archive

Book Reviews

. W. G. MACI TOSH 189

195

The Australasian Subantarctic Islands (Part 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J. C. YALDWYN 196

Social Behaviour and its Evolution . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . JIRO KIKKAWA 200

Minute Mollusca . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . W. F. Po DER

Meet Our Contributors

205

208

vi Co TE TS

0. 7, SEPTF\11lfR. 1969 Page

The Wedge-tailed Eagle . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . M. G. RroPATII 209

AbO\e the Tree Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . THISTLE Y. HARRIS 213

Ancient Fi h of Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ALEXANDER RtTCIIIr 218

Fire-stick Farming . . . • . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . RHYS JoNFS 224

Recent Archaeological Discoveries in Central Papua . . . • . . . . • . . . . . . . . . SUSAN BULMER 229

Antarctic Sea Star . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . JoHN S. PEARSF 234

Book Re' iews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . • . • . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . 223, 239

Meet Our Contributor 240

0. 8, Dt C'FMilFR, 1969

Captain James Cook. a Portrait 241

Captain Cook's Role in atural History . . . . . . • . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . PLTER J. WtiiTEHI AD 242

The "Endea,our"s" aturalists in Australia GtLilERT P. WHtTLn 247

The First Botanical Studies in Australia . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . D. J. McGtLLIVRA' 25 1

Captain Cool.. and the Australian Aborigine . . .. . . . . . . .... . ... . .. ... J. V. S. MEGA\\ 255

Captain Cook's Australian Landmark R. 0. CIIAL\IERS 26 1

Eastern Australian Bird Recorded on the ··Endea,our' ..

Voyage . . H. J. DE S. Dts-..n 267

Au tralian Mammals Since 1770 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J. H. CALAilY 271

A "Paradise Lost"-The Kurnell Peninsula Since 1770 . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . CARHR 276

The Recovery of the "Endeavour's" Cannons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . JAMES C:. TYLrR 281

Book Reviews . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . • . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260, 266

Meet Our Contributors

Co nNTS

0. 9, MARCH, 1970 Page

Can We Appreciate Aboriginal Music . . . ... . . . .. . . . . . .. . . . ... . . CA ri-IERtNI:: J. ELLIS 289

Museum's Musical Instruments on Papua and cw Guinea Stamp J. P. WtttTE 294

Farming the Sea . . . ... . .. . .... . ... . ... . ... . . . . . ... . . .. . . . .. . . . .. J. M. THOMSON 295

The Cabbage White Butterny .. . . . . . ... . .... . . .. . . .. . . ... . . .. . ... . . .. J. V. PETERS 300

Australian Crabs . ... . . . . .... . ... . . . . . ... . ... . . .. . . .. . . . .. . . ... . . D. J. G. GRIFFIN 304

Collecting Reptiles and Amphibians in ew Guinea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . FRED PARKER 309

The Production of Horizontal High-Tidal Shore Platforms . . . . . . . . ORMA K. SANDFRS 315

Book Reviews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . 293, 308, 314, 3 19

Meet Our Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320

No. 10, Ju �. 1970

"I he Future of Wildlife in Australia Do 'ALD F. McMtCHAtL 321

Pond Life in Au tralia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . JoH ' CHILD 326

The Bushny R. D. HuG�IES 331

Yeasts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . D. W. Kt SEY 335

The Devonian "Great Barrier Reef" of Western Australia . . . . . . . . f>HtLLIP E. PLAYFORD 339

Prehistoric Papuan Engraving .. . ... . . J. P. WHtn, H. J. DES. DtSNEY, J. C. YALDWY 344

Moth Eggs! . . ... . ...... . . . .. . . ... .. . . .. .. . ... . .. . . ... . . .. . ... NOEL McFARLA D 346

Book Reviews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325, 330

Meet Our Contributors • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 0 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 352

vii1 CoNTENTS

Page 0. J I' SEPHMBI:R, 1970

Budge rig� rs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . V1 CENT St:RV&N rv 353

ickel Occurrences in Australia . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . • . . . . . . G. R. WALLIS 356

Behaviour of the Humbug Fish . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . • . . . . . . . . . PETER F. SALF 362

The Use of Echo-location by Bats . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J. H. PRJNC'l 367

Darwin's Journey in .S.W . . ..... .. . . .. . . . . ..... .... ... . . . . . .... . P. J. STANBURY 3 7 1

The Black Swan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L. W. BRAITHWAll t: 375

Circadian Rhythms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BRIA ' S. FLETCHI:R 380

Book Reviews . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366, 370, 374

Meet Our Contributors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384

No. 12, DECEMBtR, 1970

Modern Man and His Environmental Crisis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . L. CHARLES BIRCH

Human Ecology: What Does it Mean? . .. . . . . . .. . . . ... . . . . .... . . . . . . R. 0. SLATYCR

Man and a Vulnerable Earth: The Need for Eeological Sense . . TIIEODORE C. FOJN, JR

Modern Man and ature Conservation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . J. G. Mosu.v

Pollution in Australian Waters . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . .. . . .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . J. M. THOMSON

Oil Pollution . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DALE STRAUGHAN

The Urban Environment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AMOS RAPOI'ORT

Town Planning, A Modern Need for Modern Man . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ElL INGIIAM

0\Crcrowding: A Human Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . CLAIRE RUSSELL AND W. M. S. RUSSELL

Modern Man and Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . .. . ... . . . .. . BASIL S. HETZI:L

Lassa Fever . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . .. . . . . . . . PAUL R. EHRLICH A '0 AN E H. EIIRLICII

Aboriginal Man in European Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . DAVID R. MOORC

aturalist Replies to Book Review

385

391

396

402

409

414

418

423

429

433

437

442

408

Book Reviews . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 390, 395, 40 I, 417, 432, 436, 441

Meet Our Contributor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . • . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448

44870 3.71 I( 37�· V. C, N. lll.IOHT, GOVE'tNM[NT ,-RI.-..TER