australian activities in clean hydrogen from coal ... · intelligent transport / h2 fuel cell cars...
TRANSCRIPT
Australian Activities in Clean Hydrogen from Coal & Natural Gas
Dr John K WrightDirector
CSIRO Energy Transformed Flagship Program
Energy Transformed Flagship
Outline
• Characteristics of “energy” in Australia
• “Energy” responses
• Clean Hydrogen from Coal and Natural Gas
• Close
Energy Transformed Flagship
Australian Energy
• Plentiful reserves of high quality, available black and brown coal
• Increasing proven gas reserves – natural gas and coal seam methane
• Declining indigenous oil• High solar thermal, wind and hot rock potential• No nuclear power• Limited hydro powerCost – effective energy supply sectorHigh GHG emissions intensityAwareness of the need for a “low emissions” response
Energy Transformed Flagship
Energy Responses / Initiatives• National Research Priority – reduce and sequester carbon dioxide
emissions from transport and stationary energy– The cooperative Research Centre program
• the CRC for Coal in Sustainable Development• the CRC for Clean Power from Lignite• the CRC for CO2 management
– COAL21– The Queensland Low Emissions Technology Centre– CSIRO’s Energy Transformed Flagship Program– National Hydrogen Study– Proposed Hydrogen CRC– Range of University R&D programs in production and storage of
hydrogen– Australian membership of the CSLF and IPHE
Energy Transformed Flagship
Hydrogen from Fossil Fuel Activities (1)
• Partnership between the coal and electricity industries, federal governments and the R&D community
• Objective to create a national plan to scope, develop, demonstrate and implement near zero emissions coal fired power
Main activity through COAL21 (Commenced March 2003)
Provides the umbrella organisation for the advancement of near zero emissions technology in Australia Effectively a long term plan for generation of hydrogen from Australian coal
Energy Transformed Flagship
Hydrogen from Fossil Fuel Activities (2)
• CCSD – providing coal gasification technology• CO2 CRC – Capture and sequestration technology (from coal
gasification and natural gas)• Queensland LET Centre – coal gas processing (gas cleaning,
processing, separation)• The CSIRO Energy Transformed Program – works through
– the CRCs and independently on aspects of CO2 capture, CO2 sequestration, hydrogen production and applications
Organisations working with COAL21
The route to the hydrogen economy in Australia is likely to be dominated by fossil fuels
Energy Transformed Flagship
Source: CO2 CRC
H2 distribution system
H2 car
Improved fuel cells
Research H2 car
IGCC
CSS retrofit
Improved separation
GTL
FutureGenGorgon
SnovitIn Salah
Demo gasifierEnhanced CSM
Pilot capture projects
Hydrogen Economy
Research Projects
Commercial Projects
Prog
ress
tow
ards
the
hydr
ogen
eco
nom
y
2003 2010 2020 2030
Community acceptance of geosequestration
Effective integration of CO2 capture & storage
Zero emission electricity
Increased hydrogen use
?
Hydrogen from Fossil Fuel Activities (3)
Energy Transformed Flagship
Hydrogen from Natural Gas
Fossil Fuel (CH4)
Water
water
CO/H2/CO2 H2/CO2 H2 - fuel
CO2 to disposal / sequestration
• Fuel cells• Gas turbines• Cogeneration etc
CH4 + H2O(l ) + 250 KJ CO + 3H2
CO + H2O(l ) H2 + CO2 + 3 KJ
Solar Thermal
Fuel Reforming
Solar Thermal
Water GasShift
Conversion
CO2Recovery
Advanced Power
Generation~
Solar hydrogen production for:Fuel cell electricity generation from hydrogentransport applications (eg hythane™)Hydrogen for refining of heavier crude oils
Energy Transformed Flagship
Closing
• The main driver for hydrogen activities in Australia is GHG intensity reduction
• The hydrogen agenda is likely to be initially controlled by the development of low emission fossil fuel development
• The prospectivity for hydrogen production using renewable energy is high, but cost is a major barrier
• International partnerships are being sought for coal to hydrogen and gas to hydrogen technologies
Energy Transformed Flagship
Contact Information• COAL21
www.coal21.com.au• CRC for Coal in Sustainable Energy
www.ccsd.biz• CRC for Clean Power from Lignite
www.cleanpower.com.au• CRC for CO2 Management (CO2 CRC)
www.co2crc.com.au• The CSIRO Energy Transformed Flagship Program
www.energytransformed.csiro.au• The Queensland Low Emission Technology Centre
[email protected]• The National Hydrogen Study
www.industry.gov.au• Australian Institute of Energy
http://www.aie.org.au/hydrogen_index.htm
Energy Transformed Flagship
Who Are We?
“By igniting the creative spirit of our people, we deliver great science and
innovative solutions for industry, society and the environment”
Energy Transformed Flagship
Marine Research
Entomology
Land and Water
Sustainable Ecosystems
Atmospheric Research
Environment & Natural Resources
Minerals
Exploration & Mining
Petroleum Resources
Energy Technology
Sustainable Minerals & Energy
What We Do – Divisional Research
Food Science Australia
Forestry & Forest Products
Health Sciences & Nutrition
Livestock Industries
Plant Industry
Agribusiness & Health
Textile & Fibre Technology
Mathematical & Information Sciences
Molecular Science
Telecommunications & Industrial Physics
Manufacturing & Infrastructure Tech.
Australia Telescope National Facility
IT, Manufacturing & Services
Multi – Divisional Flagship Programs
Healthy CountryWealth from OceansClimate
Agri-Food Top 5Light MetalsClean Coal Syndicate
Preventative HealthEnergy TransformedSecure Australia
Energy Transformed Flagship
Who Are We?
• CSIRO ranks in the top 1% of world scientific institutions in 11 of 22 research fields
• 60% of our staff hold university degrees– >1800 doctorates– > 430 masters’ degrees
• 6300 staff located at 65 sites– 3 overseas labs– 7 international locations
You may know us already…
• 3500 patents granted or pending
• Citations per publication are 30% above world average
• More than 163 companies are based on CSIRO intellectual property
Energy Transformed Flagship
50000
100000
150000
200000
250000
300000
350000
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
2011
2013
2015
2017
2019
2021
2023
2025
2027
2029
Year
GW
h
Supply from Existing Plant
Demand (ESAA)
The Opportunity
A $30b+ opportunity for new technology implementation
Many existing plants still operating in 2030
Energy Transformed Flagship
Energy Tension
Economy Environment
Clean, Internationally Competitive, Reliable and Secure Energy Services
Energy Technology
EnergyTension
Technology Roadmaps
• Clean air• GHG emissions
• GDP growth• Competitive
industry• Expanding
exports
• Cost, quantity, quality of supply
• Generation efficiency
• Fossil fuel usage
Energy Transformed Roadmap: Taking the emissions out of Stationary Energy and Transport
Theme 1: EnergyFutures
Theme 2: Low Emission Electricity
Theme 3: Low Emission Transport
Theme 4:Low Emissions Distributed Energy
Short Term(1 – 3 years)
Medium Term(4 – 9 Years)
Long Term( 10+ Years)
Theme Goals
Development & reporting of a National Energy model
Update of model with feedback to R&D strategy and energy policy requirements
Optimum routes to the Hydrogen Economy
Feasibility of CO2storage in coal strata / aquifers
New IP in gas processing / CO2capture
Facilitation / involvement in zero emissions – coal to H2 pilot plant
Large scale H2 from fossil fuels
Mild hybrid vehicle development
Series hybrid developmentITS Systems developed
Intelligent transport / H2 fuel cell cars implemented
Innovative waste heat utilisation IP
Decentralised power with information feedback
Remote controlled, 80% efficiency heat / power / cooling supply systems
Supply options based on H2
Cost effective electricity meeting
Australia’s GHG commitments
Distributed Generation
solutions to GHG emissions
Transport innovations
meeting cost and emission targets
Identification of optimum energy
pathways
Energy Transformed Flagship
Sites for CO2 Sequestration Potential
* 102 sites analysed
* 65 proved viable CO2storage sites
* 22 sites not viable; 15 regional basin overviews
Potential sites
Unproduced high CO2gas field
Emission Node
All Sites Examined by GEODISC Program
Source: APCRC, GEODISC, Geoscience Australia
Energy Transformed Flagship
Source: AGO (2002) National Greenhouse Gas Inventory
GHG Emissions Sources 200025
6
38
OtherNat Gas
Petroleum
Coal
5250
40
30
20
10
0
14
18
7
3 32
Perc
ent
Stat
iona
ry
Ener
gy
(Ele
ctric
ity)
Tran
spor
t
Agr
icul
ture
Land
Use
, Fo
rest
ry
Was
te
Oth
er
Indu
stria
l
Energy Transformed Flagship
Annual Growth in GDP and Primary Energy Consumption
1977-78 1983-84 1989-90 1995-96 2001-02 2007-08 2013-14 2019-20
6
4
2
%
-2
-4
Economic Growth
Energy Consumption
Energy Transformed Flagship
Industrial Electricity Cost Comparison
15.914.9
11.511.0
10.3 10.3 9.8 9.8 9.7 9.6 9.4 9.4 9.2 9.1 8.98.4 8.1 7.8 7.7
6.8 6.7 6.7 6.4 6.2
3.1
18.6
0
5
10
15
20
Japa
n
Italy
Sing
apor
e
Net
herla
nds
Bel
gium
Port
ugal
Uni
ted
Kin
gdom
Irela
nd
Arg
entia
n
Cro
atia
Spai
n
Cze
ch R
epub
lic
Taiw
an
Kor
ea
Gre
ece
Fran
ce
Ger
man
y
Pola
nd
Hun
gary
Luxe
mbo
urg
Uin
ted
Stat
es (N
C)
Cze
ch R
epub
lic
Can
ada
AU
STR
ALI
A
Finl
and
Sout
h A
fric
a
Energy Transformed Flagship
Growth in energy consumption
500
1000
1500
2000
1998 - 99 1999-2000 2004-05 2009-10 2014-15 2019-20
PJ
NSW
Vic
QLD
WA
SA
Tas
NT
Source: ABARE
Theme 2Low Emission
Electricity
Theme 3Low Emission
Transport
Theme 4Low Emission
Distributed Energy
Energy Transformed
Stream 1Electricity
from Fossil Fuels
Stream 2Electricity
from Renewable
Sources
Stream 1Hydrogen
ready vehicle
technology
Stream 2Intelligent Transport
Stream 2Waste heat utilisation
Stream 3Energy
management technologies
Stream 1Distributed generation
Theme 1: Energy Futures
Stream 2Scenarios & Technology
Diffusion
Stream 3Social &
Environmental Impacts
Stream 1System
constraints