australia crct lecture notes please answer all questions, learn for upcoming tests, & the crct

Australia CRCT Lecture Notes

Please answer all questions, learn for upcoming tests, & the CRCT

Return to our……. “Essential

Question(s)”

What are the major physical features of Australia, and where are they located on

a map?

Today’s StandardSS6G12 The student will be able to locate

selected features of Australia. a. Locate on a world and regional political-

physical map: the Great Barrier Reef, Coral Sea, Ayers Rock, and Great Victoria Desert.

Ayers Rock“Uluru”

Great Victoria Desert

Great Barrier Reef

CoralSea

Australia & Oceania

Intro to our……. “Essential

Question(s)”

What are the major physical features of Australia, and where are they located on a map (Great Barrier Reef, Coral Sea, Ayers Rock, and Great

Victoria Desert)?

Great Barrier Reef

The Coral Sea

Ayers Rock“Uluru”

Great Victoria Desert


Question(s)”

What are the major physical features of Australia, and where are they located on a map (Great Barrier Reef, Coral Sea, Ayers Rock, and Great

Victoria Desert)?

Today’s Standards

SS6G13 The student will explain the impact of location, climate, distribution of natural resources, and population distribution

on Australia. a. Describe how Australia’s location, climate, and natural resources have

affected where people live. b. Describe how Australia’s location, climate, and natural resources

impact trade.


Question(s)”

How does the factors of location, climate, access to water, and natural resources affect where Australians choose to live and work?

How do the factors of location, climate, access to water, and natural resources affect trade?

Location

Climate

Natural Resources

Where Do People Live?

Major Trading Partners


Question(s)”

How does the factors of location, climate, access to water, and natural resources affect where Australians choose to live and work?

How do the factors of location, climate, access to water, and natural resources affect trade?

Location

Climate

Natural Resourc

es

Where do

People Live?

Trade

-Southern/Eastern Hemisphere’s

-Most people live in the cities in Southeastern & Southwestern coasts b/c of the Mild Climate (Not Too Hot or Cold)

-80% of the population lives in urban (city) areas

-Around 2,000mi. Southeast of Asia -Between the Indian & Pacific Oceans

Location

Climate

Natural Resourc

es

Where do

People Live?

Trade





Summer (Dec-Mar) Winter (June-Sept)

North – Tropical Central- Hot/Dry (Desert Conditions)Southeast & Southwest- Mild (Not Too Hot or Cold)

Location

Climate

Natural Resourc

es

Where do

People Live?

Trade





Summer (Dec-Mar) Winter (June-Sept)

North – Tropical Central- Hot/Dry (Desert Conditions)Southeast & Southwest- Mild (Not Too Hot or Cold)

Arable Land for Farming & GrazingMinerals- Many (Iron, Copper, Tin, Gold, Etc.)

Energy- Coal, Oil, Natural Gas

***ABUNDANT RESOURCES***

Major Partners- Japan, China, & United StatesMajor Exports- Coal, Iron, Gold, Meat, Wool, Aluminum, WheatCurrency- Australian Dollar *Exchange Rate (3/11/2011)→ 1USD = 1.29 AD

Review StandardSS6H8 The student will describe the culture and

development of Australia prior to contact with Europeans.

a. Describe the origins and culture of the Aborigines.


Question(s)”

How are the origins of the Aborigine people explained?

How have the traditions and beliefs of the Aborigine people shaped their cultures over time?

Aboriginal Australians


Question(s)”



The Worlds Oldest Inhabitants?

1. Did people arrive first in Europe or Australia?

2. What evidence was found in 1971 to validate this idea?

3.When did the first fleet of European settlers arrive?

Aborigines And Their Culture

4. How did the first Aborigines reach Australia?

5. When did they first arrive?

A Perfect Environment; Land, The Ultimate Provider; Gatherers

6. How did Aborigines get the food they needed?

7. Why do you think the Aborigines did not cultivate crops like others in Asia, Africa, & Europe?

Hunters

8. What were some of the methods that the Aborigines used to hunt animals for resources

9. What role did women play in Aboriginal life?


Question(s)”

How did Aborigines migrate to Australia?



Today’s Standard

SS6H9 The student will explain the impact European exploration and colonization had on Australia.

a. Explain the reasons for British colonization of Australia; include the use of prisoners as colonists.

b. Explain the impact of European colonization of Australia in terms of diseases and weapons on the indigenous peoples of Australia.

Colonial Flag of Australia


Question(s)”

What are the reasons for British colonization of Australia (use of prisoners as colonists)?

How are the indigenous people (Aborigines) affected by colonization (diseases and weapons)?

Cook

Early Map produced by the Royal Navy

An Engraving of the Discovery (1770)

Gold ProspectorsIn Colonial Australia

The Indigenous

cost of European

Empire Building

When did the Britishfind Australia?

Why did the BritishWant to colonize

Australia?

Who were some of the 1st settlersTo arrive in Australia?

What was the relationship between the Aborigines & the British at first?

How did this change & why?

How did British colonialismAffect Aborigines negatively?

What is the most widespreadlanguage & religion in Australia today?

1770- Discovery 1788- 1st prisoners arrive1793- 1st Free Settlers Arrive

-Good base for Royal Navy in the Pacific-Easy access to far eastern trading partners

-Penal Colony for British Prisoners

PRISONERS :Sent to perform hard labor & build colonial towns

Positive/Good:Aborigines helped them learn to survive in harsh

conditions

Good to Bad→ Aborigines were forced off traditional lands & tried to fight the British settlers

Many died fighting the BritishDiseases killed approx. ½ of the Aborigines

The Aborigines that survived suffered in poverty & lower class social status

Language – English (78.5%)

Religion – Christianity (Catholic- 25.8%; Anglican-18.7%)

Source: CIA World Fact Book


Question(s)”

What are the reasons for British colonization of Australia (use of prisoners as colonists)?

How are the indigenous people (Aborigines) affected by colonization (diseases and weapons)?

Today’s Standard

SS6H9 The student will explain the impact European exploration and colonization had on Australia.

a. Explain the reasons for British colonization of Australia; include the use of prisoners as colonists.

b. Explain the impact of European colonization of Australia in terms of diseases and weapons on the indigenous peoples of Australia.

Colonial Flag of Australia

Today’s Standard

SS6G14 The student will describe the cultural characteristics of people who live in

Australia.

a. Explain the impact of English colonization on the language and religion of Australia.


Question(s)”

What is the impact of English colonization on the language and religion of Australia?

“My Aussie Adventure” By: J.Maiden

I’m on an airplane to Los Angeles. The in-flight movie is something terrible called High School Musical. I’ve decided that the next few hours would be best spent documenting my recent trip to Australia. I guess the beginning would be the best place to begin.

I arrived in Sydney about one week ago. This is a beautiful harbor city which is home to more Australians than any other city in the country. Most people around the world assume that Sydney is the capital, but Canberra is the actual capital city of this country/continent. It is located in the Australian Capital Territory. Immediately, I was greeted by a very excited sheila. She exclaimed “G’Day Mate” and welcome to Australia! I asked her if she could direct me to the nearest restroom. “See that bloke on the red pushy smokin’ a fag?” I said “yeah.” “The dunny is just through that door behind him.” I said thanks & was on my way.

Later that night, I decided to get some early rest because the next day I was going to visit the largest coral reef in the world. The Great Barrier Reef off the coast of Queensland is a place I’ve always wanted to visit. I was making sure that I had the correct name of the banana-bender I was meeting up with tomorrow in Brisbane (the capital of Queensland State). We would leave there by boat & head to the reef. While imagining how cool the next day would be, I dozed off into a deep sleep.


Question(s)”

What is the impact of English colonization on the language and religion of Australia?

Australian Culture Today

Languages- English 78.5%, Chinese 2.5%, Italian 1.6%

Ethnicity (Race)- White 92%, Asian 7%, Aboriginal & Other 1%

Religions- Catholic 28.5%, Anglican 18.7%


Question(s)”


What impact did the migration of the Aborigines have on the development of society and culture in Australia?



What does “Literacy Rate” mean?

The % of the total population of a country over the age of 15 that can read & write.

What Does “Standard Of Living” Mean?

The level of wealth, comfort, material goods and necessities available to a certain socioeconomic class in a certain geographic area. The standard of living includes factors such as income, quality and availability of employment, class disparity, poverty rate, quality and affordability of housing, hours of work required to purchase necessities, gross domestic product, inflation rate, number of vacation days per year, affordable (or free) access to quality healthcare, quality and availability of education, life expectancy, incidence of disease, cost of goods and services, infrastructure, national economic growth, economic and political stability, political and religious freedom, environmental quality, climate and safety. The standard of living is closely related to quality of life.

On the Back of Your Graph Paper….

-Find 4 countries w/ Literacy Rates below 70%*List For Each: 1. The Name of the Country

2. The Literacy Rate 3. The Life Expectancy

-Find 4 countries w/ Literacy Rates above 95%*List For Each: 1. The Name of the Country

2. The Literacy Rate 3. The Life Expectancy

Is the life expectancy higher or lower in countries with Literacy Rates below 70%?

LOWER

Is the life expectancy higher or lower in countries with Literacy Rates above 95%?

HIGHER


Question(s)”

How does specialization enhance Australia’s ability to trade with other countries?

How do trade barriers (tariffs, quotas, and embargoes) slow down voluntary trade from occurring between countries?

Today’s Standard

SS6E4 The student will explain personal money

management choices in terms of income, spending, credit, saving, and investing.


Question(s)”

How does a person decide on what to spend his/her income?

What are the advantages and disadvantages of investing?

Personal Money Management

Savings

Budget

Investment

Credit

Interest

*“Income” – Money someone receives

Income that is not spent after people buy what they need or want

Spending and Saving Plan*Helps people, companies, organizations decide

how to best use income (money received)

Using some money now in the hopes of making more later

$15 per week x 4 weeks 60birthday check from grandparents 30

(TI) 90

bicycle tune-up 20

new tire 5

Video Game 50(TE) 75

TI - TE = TS 15


Question(s)”

How does a person decide on what to spend his/her income?

What are the advantages and disadvantages of investing?

Today’s Standard

SS6E4 The student will explain personal money

management choices in terms of income, spending, credit, saving, and investing.


Question(s)”

What is credit?

What are the advantages and disadvantages of using credit?

What is interest?

Personal Money Management

Savings

Budget

Investment

Credit

Interest

*“Income” – Money someone receives

Income that is not spent after people buy what they need or want

Spending and Saving Plan*Helps people, companies, organizations decide

how to best use income (money received)

Using some money now in the hopes of making more later

The ability to borrow money

A fee for the use of borrowed money→Credit Cards & Banks charge you interest for borrowed money

→A bank might give you interest for savings…. (they can use the money to give others loans & that’s how they make money)

x .05 100 + 5 = $105

x .02 550 + 11 = $561

x .07 1,200 + 84 = $1,284

x .11 5,000 + 550 = $5,550

$106

$106

$6.36

$112.36

$112.36

$6.74

$119.10

$119.10

$7.14

$126.24

$126.24

$7.57

$133.81

$133.81

$8.02

$141.83


Question(s)”

What is credit?

What are the advantages and disadvantages of using credit?

What is interest?

Today’s Standard

SS6CG6 The student will compare and contrast various forms of government.

a. Describe the ways government systems distribute power: unitary, confederation, and federal.

b. Explain how governments determine citizen participation: autocratic, oligarchic, and democratic.


Question(s)”

How is power distributed in different forms of government (unitary, confederation, and federal)?

How do citizens participate in different forms of government (autocratic, oligarchic, democratic)?

Today’s Standards

SS6CG6 The student will compare and contrast various forms of government.

c. Describe the two predominate forms of democratic governments: parliamentary and presidential.

Intro to our……. “Essential Question(s)”

What do most democracies (both Presidential & Parliamentary) have in common?

“Parliamentary” Democracy vs. “Presidential” Democracy

The White HouseWashington D.C., United States

Australian

Australian Parliament House

Canberra, Australian Capital Territory

American President Barack Obama

AustralianPrime Minister

Julia Gillard

Parliamentary

Presidential

Legislature has the most powerSeparation of Powers within Central

Govt.

Prime Minister is Head of Govt.

President is Head of Govt.

Head of Govt. is elected by the people

Head of Govt. is elected by the Legislature

Checks & Balances are present within the branches of the Central Govt.

New elections are held immediately if the head of Govt. is forced to resign

Legislature has the most powerSeparation of Powers within Central

Govt.

Prime Minister is Head of Govt.

President is Head of Govt.

Head of Govt. is elected by the people

Head of Govt. is elected by the Legislature

Checks & Balances are present within the branches of the Central Govt.

New elections are held immediately if the head of Govt. is forced to resign

Today’s StandardS

SS6CG7 The student will explain the structure of the national government of Australia.

a. Describe the federal parliamentary democracy of Australia, distinguishing form of leadership, type of legislature, and the role of the citizen

in terms of voting and personal freedoms.

Intro to our……. “Essential Question(s)”

What is the structure of the Australian government?

What role does the citizen have as a participant in Australia’s government?

Australian Government

Distribution of Power6 States & 2 Territories

Prime Minister

Julia Gillard*Elected By Parliament- Not Directly

by the People

Head of StateQueen Elizabeth II*Not Elected- Born into the Royal Family

Australian Parliament House

Canberra, Australian Capital

Territory

Head of Government

Type of Government

Distribution of Power

Citizen Participation

Type of Representative Democracy

Head of Govt.(How does he/she get the job?)

Legislature(Law-Making Body)

Role of CitizensVoting:

Personal Freedoms:

Prime Minister: Julia Gillard (since 2010) - Australian Labor Party

*is elected/chosen by the Parliament, NOT directly by the people like the U.S.

Federal Parliamentary Democracy

FEDERAL: 6 States & 2 TerritoriesCentral Govt./Capital – Canberra (Australian Capital Territory)

HIGH- Representative Democracy

Parliamentary

Federal Parliament (2 Houses)Senate & House of Representatives

Mandatory voting (18yrs. & older)Similar to ours:Freedom of Speech, Religion, Voting, etc.

Return to our……. “Essential Question(s)”

What is the structure of the Australian government?

What role does the citizen have as a participant in Australia’s government?

What do most democracies (both Presidential & Parliamentary) have in common?

What do you know about Australian

Aborigines?


Question(s)”





Where did the 1st Inhabitants of Australia Come from?

How did they get there?

When did they get there?

Economy

Government(Organization of Society)

Beliefs

Cultural Expression(s)

Most Likely Southeast Asia

Possibly by watercraft (small rafts)*Some areas may not have been covered in water as they are today

(New Guinea & Australia may have been one landmass)

Approximately 40,000 years ago

Traditional – Hunting & Gathering

Animism – Interconnected w/ natureOrigin Mythology – “Dreamtime”

Visual – Dot ArtMusical – Didgeridoo

Oral Storytelling

Tribal (varied from group-to-group) Autocratic- Ruled by a chief

Oligarchic- Ruled by a group of eldersDemocratic- group made decisions by consensus

Australian Aboriginal“Dot Art”

“Didgeridoo”

“Koobor the Koala and Water” Australian Aboriginal Legend

The art of storytelling


Question(s)”





What is Economics??????Economics is the study of how people

manage their resources.

Today’s Standard

SS6E8 The student will analyze different economic systems.

a. Compare how traditional, command, and market, economies answer the economic questions of 1 -what to produce, 2-how to produce, and 3-for

whom to produce.

b. Explain how most countries have a mixed economy located on a continuum between pure market and pure command.

c. Describe the economic system used in Australia.

Today’s Standard

SS6E9 The student will give examples of how voluntary trade benefits buyers and sellers in

Australia.

a. Explain how specialization makes trade possible between countries.

b. Compare and contrast different types of trade barriers, such as tariffs, quotas and embargos.


Question(s)”

What types of economic systems exist in the world today?

What is the economic system used in Australia?

Types of Economic Systems

Traditional- customs & habits of a society will determine what will be produced & how it will be distributed & consumed

(Usually includes bartering, rather than money). Traditional economies are becoming more rare.

ECONOMY What is Produced?

How Goods are Produced

How People Get Products

Traditional

Command

Market


EX→ Australian Aborigines

What people need to survive

(food, shelter, & tools)

FarmingHunting

Gathering

People make their own, share, or trade


Command- Government will determine what will be produced & how it will be distributed & consumed.

Government will set prices and set regulations (rules) that industries must follow.




Traditional

Command

Market





FarmingHunting

Gathering


EX→ Soviet Union Cuba

Whatever the government decides

However the government decides


-Class-Reward System-Waiting in Line


Market- Individuals, private companies, & consumers will determine what will be produced & how it will be distributed & consumed (Supply & Demand). Individuals and companies

are allowed to produce freely without government interference.




Traditional

Command

Market





FarmingHunting

Gathering


EX→ Soviet Union Cuba

Whatever the government decides



-Class-Reward System-Waiting in Line

EX→ Canada United Kingdom

Whatever people are willing to buy & sell

Business Owners determine the most

efficient legal methods of production

Determined by how much a person is able

or willing to pay

Types of Economy

MIXED- The most common type in the world. Most nations today have some form of “mixed economy.” This means that the national economy may have some aspects of a market economy & some aspects of a command economy.

EXAMPLES

The United States is thought to have a “mixed” economy.The government does not decide what will be produced & how much it will cost, but it does regulate certain goods & services, such as illegal drugs

Australia is thought to have a “mixed” economy. The government does not decide what will be produced & how much it will cost, but it does regulate certain goods & services, such as illegal drugs. Australia is thought to have one of the freest economies in the world.

Economic Systems

PureMarket

(No Government Control)

Mixed Economy(All modern economies fall into this category)

PureCommand

(Total Government Control)

AUSTRALIACertain things are

regulated , like illegal drugs & the Govt.

runs the Postal Service

BRAZILCertain things are regulated & the Govt. runs the Postal

Service & Healthcare

CUBAThe Govt.

runs all industry.

Country Type of Economy

GrowingOr

Struggling

What government controls

AustraliaMixed Market

GrowingNot Much-

Postal Service &Some substances

are illegal

Australian Economic DataSource: CIA World Fact Book

Type of Currency:

Gross Domestic Product (GDP): World Rank:

GDP per Capita:World Rank:

What does a high GDP & GDP per Capita tell us about the Standard of Living in a country?______________________________________________________________

Australian Dollar

$889.6 Billion est.2010

18th $41,300 est. 2010

17th

It is probably pretty good


Question(s)”

What types of economic systems exist in the world today?

What is the economic system used in Australia?

How would your life be different if all international trade was

banned?


Question(s)”


How do trade barriers (tariffs, quotas, and embargoes) hinder voluntary trade from

occurring between countries?

Specialization- When a country focuses on producing what they can produce and sell most

easily.

Hey Australia! What is your Specialty???????Australia specializes in the production and export of: Coal, Iron Ore, Wool, Wheat, & Mineral Resources

SPECIALIZATION:______________________________________________________________________________________

3 Ways “specialization” benefits (helps) Australia and/or encourages worldwide trading:

_____________________________________________

_____________________________________________

_____________________________________________

When a country produces the few things that it can

produce & sell most easily.

Specializes & makes products from its own natural resources

Exports its products & makes money

Imports products it can’t make itself & other countries make money

****EVERYBODY WINS****

Human-Made Trade Barriers

Tariff – a Tax on Imported Goods (makes them more expensive & makes it less likely consumers will buy)

Quota- A Limit on the amount of goods that can be imported from another country.

Embargo- A total Ban on trade with a country – Usually motivated by politics to hurt another country economically.

Human-Made Trade Barrier

What is it? Why is it done?

TARIFF

QUOTA

EMBARGO

Tax on imported goods

To raise the prices of imported foreign goods, so

people choose to buy cheaper goods made

domestically

Limit on the amount of

imported goods

To raise the prices of imported foreign goods, so

people choose to buy cheaper goods made

domestically

Total ban on imported goods from a country

To punish a country

economically

Australian Economic DataSource: CIA World Fact Book

ExportsExports:World Rank: Export Partners:

Major Exports:

ImportsImports: World Rank: Import Partners:

Major Imports:


21China 21.81%, Japan 19.19%, South Korea 7.88%, India 7.51%, US 4.95%, UK 4.37%, NZ 4.1%

coal, iron ore, gold, meat, wool, alumina, wheat, machinery and transport equipment


21China 17.94%, US 11.26%, Japan 8.36%, Thailand 5.81%, Singapore 5.54%, Germany 5.3%

machinery and transport equipment, computers and office machines, telecommunication equipment and parts; crude oil and petroleum products


Question(s)”


How do trade barriers (tariffs, quotas, and embargoes) hinder voluntary trade from

occurring between countries?

What is Literacy Rate?% of a country’s population (15yrs. & Up) that can READ & WRITE

What is Standard of Living?“Quality of Life” – Based on availability of resources to citizens

What sort of statistical data can be used to gauge, or measure standard of living?

Life Expectancy, Infant Mortality Rate, Average Income, Average Level of Education, Amount of Internet Users, Etc.

Did we find a relationship between literacy rate & standard of living during our data analysis?

YES….. We found: that countries w/ a higher literacy rate typically had a higher standard of living & countries w/ a lower literacy typically had a lower standard of living

=

australia crct lecture notes please answer all questions, learn for upcoming tests, & the crct

Documents

climate slide

location slide

cold slide

crct slide

great victoria desert

australia oceania slide

mild climate

great barrier reef slide