Australia

Australia Cuisine

Sheep grazing producing fresh produce

Penfolds Grange, Australian Wine

The Cooked Tail of a Balmian Bug

Ocean Trout

Pavlova

AustraliaThe history of the Australian American population almost follows the story of bothBritish AmericansandIrish Americans, as Australia was aBritish political territoryat the time when they first emigrated and most of the settlers were Irish.REASONGreat Irish FamineThe Gold Rush

Founding Fathers

Transcultural NursingCulturally Unique Individual-Cultural and Racial Identification-Place of BirthBiological VariationsEnvironmental ControlTimeSpaceNursing AssessmentCommunicationCommunicationLanguage of OriginSilence can be used to show respect and disrespect for another, depending on the situation.Eye contact is usually is usually viewed as indicating trustworthiness in most origins.Time and Orientation and Personal Space preferencesMembers are usually future orientedTime is valued; members tend to be on time and be impatient with people who are not on time.Some members may tend to avoid close physical contact.Handshakes are usually used for formal greetings.

Social RolesThe nuclear family is the basic unit.The man is usually the dominant figure, but a variation of gender roles exists within families and relationships.Religion variesCommunity social organizations are important.Health and IllnessHealth Care is believed to be a right, rather than a privilege. When whites have a minor illness, they attempt to treat it with over-the-counter remedies or alternative medicines such as herbs. When these remedies fail or the illness is more serous and they may have access to health care, they make an appointment with their health care provider, who may a be a Doctor, Nurse Practitioner, Physicial Assistant, or Chiropractor.Heath RisksCancerHeart diseaseDiabetes mellitusObesityHypertensionInterventionsAssess each individual for cultural preferences based on originBuild a relationship based on trust.Assess the meaning of the clients verbal and nonverbal behavior.Respect the clients personal space and timeBe flexible and avoid rigidity in scheduling careEncourage family involvementAfrican AmericanAfrican-American culture, also known asblack culture, in the United States refers to the cultural contributions ofAfrican Americansto theculture of the United States, either as part of or distinct from American culture.African-American culture is rooted inWestandCentral Africa. Understanding its identity within theculture of the United States it is, in theanthropological sense, conscious of its origins as largely a blend of West and Central African culturesAlthough slavery greatly restricted the ability of African-Americans to practice their original cultural traditions, many practices, values and beliefs survived, and over time have modified and/or blended withEuropeancultures and other cultures such as that ofNative Americans. African-American identity was established during theslavery period, producing a dynamic culture that has had and continues to have a profound impact on American culture as a whole, as well as that of the broader world.African-American cultural historyFrom the earliest days ofAmerican slaveryin the 17th century, slave owners sought to exercise control over their slaves by attempting to strip them of their African culture. African cultures, slavery, slave rebellions, and the civil rights movements have shaped African-American religious, familial, political, and economic behaviors. The imprint of Africa is evident in a myriad of ways: in politics, economics, language, music, hairstyles, fashion, dance, religion, cuisine, and worldview.

Music1980 s2000s-2010s.Dance/ArtAfrican-American dance, like other aspects of African-American culture, finds its earliest roots in the dances of the hundreds of African ethnic groups that made up African slaves in the Americas as well as influences from European sources in the United States.

Attire

Hair

CuisineKennedy Fried Chicken, which is known for servingsoul food, has many outlets in African American communities.

The cultivation and use of many agricultural products in the United States, such asyams,peanutsrice,okra,sorghum,grits,watermelon,indigo dyes, andcotton, can be traced to African influences. African-American foods reflect creative responses to racial and economic oppression and povertySoul food, a hearty cuisine commonly associated with African Americans in theSouth(but also common to African Americans nationwide), makes creative use of inexpensive products procured through farming and subsistence hunting and fishing. Pig intestines are boiled and sometimes battered and fried to makechitterlings. also known as "chitlins.

CommunicationMembers are competent in standard English.Head nodding does not always mean agreement.Prolonged eye contact may be interpreted as rudeness or aggressive behavior.Nonverbal communication may be important.Personal questions asked on initial contact with a person may be viewed as intrusive.

Time Orientation and personal space Preference.Time orientation varies according to age, socioeconomics, and subcultures and may include past, present, or future orientation.Members may be late for an appointment because relationships and events that are occurring may be deemed more important than being on time.Members are comfortable with close personal space when interacting with family and friends.Social RolesLarge extended family networks are importannt; older adults are respectedMany household may be headed by a single parent woman.Religious beliefs and church affiliation are sources of strength.Health and IllnessReligious beliefs profoundly affect ideas about health and illness.Food preferences include such items as fried foods, chicken, pork, greens, and rice, some pregnant African-American women engage in pica.Health RisksSickle cell anemiaHypertensionHeart diseaseCancerLactose IntoleranceDiabetes MellitusObesity

InterventionAssess each individual for cultural preferences because there are many individual and subculture variations.Built a relationship based on trust.Assess the meaning of the clients verbal and nonverbal behaviorBe flexible and avoid rigidity in scheduling careEncourage family involvementAlternative modes of healing include herbs, prayer, and laying on of hands practices.Self-care and folk remedies are quite prevalent. Many folk therapies may have a religious origin.It is more likely that the individual will seek care form the old lady( a woman in the community with knowledge of herbs or other remedies), a spiritualist(one who received the gift for healing from God), the priest (a most powerful voodoo priest or priestess), or the root doctor(a healer who uses herbs, oils, candles, and ointments.