Ausflug zu einem Test von Einstein‘s

E = mc2

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Scientific achievements – Nature 22nd December 2005

Direct test of mass/energy relationship E = mc2

GAMS Interferometer ILL

ILL-MIT-NIST

Bestimmung von Energie & Winkeln

0.14º mit 10-7

Penning trap(MIT)NAh als

nächstes

E = mc2No2

Paul - Falle

Drawing of a schematic Paul Trap (some kind of ion-cage) for the storage of charged particles by the use of an oscillating electric field (blue), generated by a quadrupole (a:end caps) and (b:ring electrode). A particle, indicated in red (here positive) is stored in between caps of the same polarity. The particle is trapped inside a vacuum chamber. The particle is surrounded by a cloud of similarly charged particles in red. For detailed description see at en:Quadrupole ion trap

Aus Tipler

Moden: Zyklotronmode ~ 5 MHz Magnetron Mode ~ 5 kHz axiale Oszillation 200 KHz

Genauigkeit von 10-8 bis 10-5

GAMS4 in Grenoble

Journal home > Archive > Brief Communications > Abstract

Brief CommunicationsNature 438, 1096-1097 (22 December 2005) | doi:10.1038/4381096aWorld Year of Physics: A direct test of E=mc2

Simon Rainville1,2, James K. Thompson1, Edmund G. Myers3, John M. Brown4, Maynard S. Dewey5, Ernest G. Kessler, Jr5, Richard D. Deslattes5, Hans G. Börner6, Michael Jentschel6, Paolo Mutti6 and David E. Pritchard1

Top of pageOne of the most striking predictions of Einstein's special theory of relativity is also perhaps the best known formula in all of science: E=mc2. If this equation were found to be even slightly incorrect, the impact would be enormous — given the degree to which special relativity is woven into the theoretical fabric of modern physics and into everyday applications such as global positioning systems. Here we test this mass–energy relationship directly by combining very accurate measurements of atomic-mass difference,  m, and of  -ray wavelengths to determine E, the nuclear binding energy, for isotopes of silicon and sulphur. Einstein's relationship is separately confirmed in two tests, which yield a combined result of 1-  mc2/E=(-1.4  4.4)  10-7, indicating that it holds to a level of at least 0.00004%. To our knowledge, this is the most precise direct test of the famous equation yet described.Top of page1.Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT–Harvard Center for Ultracold Atoms, and Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA 2.Present address: Département de Physique, Université Laval, Québec G1K 7P4, Canada 3.Department of Physics, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4350, USA 4.The Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK 5.National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA 6.Institut Laue-Langevin, 38042 Grenoble Cedex, France

Correspondence to: Simon Rainville1,2 Email: rainville@alum.mit.edu

Scientific achievements – Nature 22nd December 2005

Direct test of mass/energy relationship E = mc2

GAMS Interferometer ILL

ILL-MIT-NIST

Ergebnisse:

R = m(14N2+)/m(13C2H2

+) = 0.999 421 460 888 (7)

Δm/m = 5.8 10-4

R = m(33S+)/m(32SH+) = 0.999 744 164 345 0 (89)

Δm/m = 2.55 10-4

R = m(29Si+)/m(28Si+) = 0.999 715 124 181 2(65)

Δm/m = 2.85x10-4

1 – Δmc2/E = (-1.4 +/- 4.4 ) x10-7 55x besser als bisher

Ausblick „Penning trap“

Massenspektrometer höchster Präzision 10-11 – bald 10-12

Metrologie

Für Feinstrukturkonstante , - Wellenlänge

Fundamental physics

E = mc2, Zeitumkehr

Phys. Chem.

Reaktionen atmosph.Chemie, chem. Bindung

Kg : SI-Schlußlicht

Übergang zu atomarem/nuklearem System in Arbeit

Bi-Atom„noch einige Jahre“

E = mc2 Literatur

S.Rainville (MIT), R.Deslattes (NIST),M.Jentschel (ILL),H.Boerner(ILL) et alNature 438 , 1096-7 (2005) 22.Dec05 plus press releases

Penning trap with 2 ionsS. Rainville, J.K.Thompson,D.E.Pritchard Science 303,334-8 (2004)

Gamma-Spectro GAMS4E.G.Kessler,H.Boerner et al Nucl. Instru. Meth A457, 187-202 (2001)

Reviews:P.Mohr et al ; Rev. Mod. Phys. 77, 1 -107 (2005)

K.Blaum ; Phys. Reports, 1 – 78 (2006)

                              

Auf 0,00004 Prozent genau: die Äquivalenz von Masse und Energie. Bild: NSSDC/ NASA / astronews.com

RELATIVITÄTSTHEORIEE = mc2 - auf 0,00004 Prozent genauvon Rainer Kayser22. Dezember 2005

Einstein Was Right (Again): NIST And MIT Confirm That E=mc2

KN 20.Mai 2006 „Neugier“ 500. Todestag von KolumbusKarte von Waldseemüller 1507

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