The First Hanoverians

Raffaele Nardella

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/31/William_Pitt_the_Younger_at_Westminster.gif

The Whigs and the ToriesRoyalists

Tories (1679-1680) Irish outlaws ChurchDivine right Landowners

Power No religious toleranceQueen Anne +/ Hanovers –

ParliamentariansWhigs (1679-1680) Cattle drivers Wealthy Classes

Strong Foreign Policy Commercial ClassesReligious tolerance

Power Commerce and Industryo 1714 – 1760o Cabinet (without the King)o Prime Minister

Raffaele Nardella

http://www.mevx.net/2008-09-28/speaker_of_the_house.aspx

The First Prime MinisterRobert Walpole (20 years)

England out of foreign conflicts Taxes down Flourishing of trade Removal of custom duties

CorruptionGeorge I10 Downing StreetAgrarian and Industrial Revolution

Cloth-making industry Coal mining Iron-melting process

Lack of Capital and Banks + Poor Transport Facilities

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http://www.gac.culture.gov.uk/gac_images/Fullsize/00007.jpg

William Pitt

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http://media-2.web.britannica.com/eb-media/31/3531-004-A302D040.jpg

• Mercantilistic Policy

• Set of values

• power

• wealth

• prestige

• Middle class man (Defoe)

• Expansion of colonies

Expansion of the Middle Class

Merchants Mines - Factories - Walpole

Large estates Aristocracy

Artisans & Craftsmen

Hard work for low wage

Urban Population

No political rights – Terrible conditions

English Society in the 18th century

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http://www.michellehiggs.co.uk/images/Instruction%20of%20Pauper%20Children,%20ILN%201872.jpg

English Society in the 18th centuryLiving conditions of children

– London 51% dead before 5– Apprentices at 7– Chimney-sweepers– Workhouses– Drinking habits– Organized crime

Life in the Countryside– Enclosure system (no open fields)– Misery of labourers– Urban proletariat– Improvement of farming methods– Transformation of landscape

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http://lve.scola.ac-paris.fr/anglais/images/Literature/work.jpg

http://www.hrfw.supanet.com/St_Mary_Stoke_Ips.jpg

The Coffee-Houses

http://harryosoffdesign.com/fyi/images/coffeehouse_17thCentury.gif

News, gossip, entertainment

Same function as theatre in the Elizabethan Age

Postal system

box number for advertisers in newspapers

meeting places

Gathering points

Public opinion and journalism

Just for men

Raffaele Nardella