august 5, 2015 1 robert broadwater [email protected] model-centric smart grid for big data
TRANSCRIPT
Utility Data Sets
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1-Analysis models (load forecasting, transmission, radial distribution, heavily meshed network, power flow, fault, reliability, transient, outage management)2-Substation models3-GIS 4-Renewable generation5-Device settings (control settings, protective devices)6-Customer load (monthly, demand, AMI)7-SCADA/EMS/PMU data8-Outage data9-As-Is Equipment List10-Weather Data…..
Model-Centric Smart Grid
• The model-centric approach employs a holistic, construction detail, model of the physical system – “Integrated System Model (ISM)”
• All measurement data, including weather data, is related to the ISM– Changes paradigm of “pushing data to algorithms”
to “pushing algorithms to data”
ISM Features • Model which includes everything needed for
simulating scenarios that engineers, operators, and field personnel talk about
• Allows any data/measurement set to be attached• Allows any calculation to be attached• Different calculations may work together as a team• Community maintained and shared model
– Emerging problem to solve – use ISM– Move from “craftsman modeler” to “manufactured model”
• Proactive modeling with Circuit Server4
Integrated System Model
Merge different construction models together, relating all measurements
“Aha” understanding
Model for holistic solutions, not point or scenario based solutions
The Best Equivalent Is No Equivalent
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Every model simplification leads to elimination of scenarios
Model-Based Decisions
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Problem Domain
Solution DomainModel
Makes it possible to find a solution that satisfies all scenarios
Our ability to solve a problem depends upon the model we have to solve the problem
Point solutions or scenario based solutions; Alphabet soup of systems with scattered data
Finding Solutions for the Hard Problems
Big Data
Big Model
Big Analysi
s
Physical System Model
Analysis extends beyond that which is possible with Data Analytics
Model-Centric Smart Grid Equation
Performance Analysis + Economic Analysis + Lab Testing + Field Validation = Model-Centric Smart Grid
Reliability, Efficiency, Capacity, Protection, Controllability
Silo’ed Organizations with Disjoint Models
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Suppose data sets contain terabytes?
ISM “Living Model” Organization
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Push algorithms to data
Eyes of all experts on the same model
Moves modeling from “age of modeling
craftsman” to “manufactured models”
created and used by many
Incremental CBA
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Phase-Balance(no capacitors)
Phase Balance for Time Varying Load
Capacitor Design(capacitors on local control)
Cap Design for TimeVarying Load
Auto Reconfiguration, Monte Carlo
Efficiency policy goal
Efficiency and energy reduction policy goals
Efficiency and energy reduction policy goals
Reliability goal at least cost
Base System(not optimized,
some capacitors)
CoordinatedControl
Coordinated Control
Distribution Automation(blue sky days)(storm conditions)
“Dependency Ordering” of Investments
Big Analysis: Algorithms Working Together
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Power Flow
Restoration AnalysisProtection / Coordination
Load Estimation
Fault Analysis
Customer Load Data
Model Validation
SCADA Measurements
Monte Carlo Driven Reliability Analysis
Contingency Analysis
Outage Data
© Copyright Electrical Distribution Design, Inc. 2015 Confidential
Matrix Analysis with Edge-Node Graph
Graph Trace Analysis for the ISM
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2
1
5 4
2
3
1 3
4
1
5 4
2
3
Transform
Graph Trace Analysis with Edge-Edge Graph
• Edge knows neighboring edges• Topology continuously maintained• Algorithms with topology iterators • Write KVL and KCL directly• Processing time required for
configuration changes is independent of system size
Edges
1 2 3 4 5
Nodes
1 1 0 1 0 -1
2 -1 1 0 0 0
3 0 -1 -1 1 0
4 0 0 0 -1 1
Computer Processing
TopologyIterators
Global View Local View
Common Analysis Architecture
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App 1
App 1 Model
App 2
App 2 Model
Core Models
Topology Management
Creation of simplified models
Pushing measurement data
Point Solution
Interfaces?
SCADA Data
Customer Load Data
ISM Analysis Architecture
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ISM edge-edge topology
SCADA Measurements
App 1
App 2
Mass Storage
Memory
ISMCustomer Loads
Weather Measurements
Topology iterators, sharing of results, measurements
Interface provided by ISM to applications
ISM Model Management for Distributed Computation Environment
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ISM Model Server
Client: Fault Location
Client: Reconfiguration
Model Queue
Analysis Processes
Supports distributed computations
Summary: Some Uses of ISM
• Effects on transmission system of high renewable penetration at distribution level
• Automated renewable generation screening analysis• Weather dependent load forecast that takes into account
renewable generation forecast• Storm outage prediction with radar-weather data, …• System reliability from analysis team of Monte Carlo, Power
Flow, and Restoration• Distribution solutions versus transmission solutions• Time series driven, CBA of smart grid investments
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Generic Programming Roots of GTA
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Container with Iterators CS Algorithms Generic Programming
Algorithms that process edges or components of graph
ISM with Topology Iterators Engineering Algorithms
Graph Trace Analysis
Generic analysis independent of system type - electric, gas, fluid, etc.
Algorithms that process objects in container, independent of object type