attribution modeling - pkkannan - january 31-2014 · p. k. kannan ralph j. tyser professor of...

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Attribution Modeling P. K. Kannan

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Page 1: Attribution Modeling - PKKannan - January 31-2014 · P. K. Kannan Ralph J. Tyser Professor of Marketing Science Chair, Department of Marketing Smith School of Business University

Attribution ModelingP. K. Kannan

Page 2: Attribution Modeling - PKKannan - January 31-2014 · P. K. Kannan Ralph J. Tyser Professor of Marketing Science Chair, Department of Marketing Smith School of Business University

2

Click on Email Promotion Link

Click on TripAdvisor Link

No conversion No conversion Converts

Day 1 Day 8

Click on Paid Search Link

Day 1

Example:  a multi‐touch path to purchase

Which marketing campaign should get credit for the conversion?

How exactly do we value each touch point?

Firm.com Firm.com Firm.com

Page 3: Attribution Modeling - PKKannan - January 31-2014 · P. K. Kannan Ralph J. Tyser Professor of Marketing Science Chair, Department of Marketing Smith School of Business University

Firm.com

O i & P idOrganic & Paid Search

Referral

Direct(by typing in URL)

E‐Mail

Display

3

Marketing “Channels”

Page 4: Attribution Modeling - PKKannan - January 31-2014 · P. K. Kannan Ralph J. Tyser Professor of Marketing Science Chair, Department of Marketing Smith School of Business University

Key Questions

• What is the incremental impact of each marketing channel in drawing in visits and purchases?

Do we spend too much on Google? 

4

Page 5: Attribution Modeling - PKKannan - January 31-2014 · P. K. Kannan Ralph J. Tyser Professor of Marketing Science Chair, Department of Marketing Smith School of Business University

Conversions

Paid Search40%Direct

20%

Referral20%

Display20%

E‐mail0%

Customer 1 Paid Search

Paid Search

Direct

Referral

Display

Customer 2

Customer 3

Customer 4

Customer 5

E‐mail

Customer 6

Customer 7

7‐day average Metric Last‐click Metric

5

Page 6: Attribution Modeling - PKKannan - January 31-2014 · P. K. Kannan Ralph J. Tyser Professor of Marketing Science Chair, Department of Marketing Smith School of Business University

Customer 1 Paid SearchE‐mail

Customer 7

6

Page 7: Attribution Modeling - PKKannan - January 31-2014 · P. K. Kannan Ralph J. Tyser Professor of Marketing Science Chair, Department of Marketing Smith School of Business University

Carryover

Email Display Paid SearchDisplay

Use Carryover and Spillover to Capture the Dynamics in the Ad Information

7

Spillover

7

Page 8: Attribution Modeling - PKKannan - January 31-2014 · P. K. Kannan Ralph J. Tyser Professor of Marketing Science Chair, Department of Marketing Smith School of Business University

ChannelsConsidered  

Search, Direct, and E‐mail

Search Direct E‐MailVisit ThroughChannels

CarryoverEffects

Spillover        Effects

Costs

PurchaseAt Website

Benefits Benefits

Costs

Overall  attractiveness of making a purchase 

8

Search, Referral, Direct, E‐mail, and Display Available Channels

Modeling the Attribution Problem

8

Page 9: Attribution Modeling - PKKannan - January 31-2014 · P. K. Kannan Ralph J. Tyser Professor of Marketing Science Chair, Department of Marketing Smith School of Business University

– Q customer‐initiated channels: • organic search, paid search, referral, and direct

– (J‐Q) firm‐initiated channels:  • email and display

– The utility of considering channel q by customer i

• Ri: customer‐specific variables, such as loyalty tiers.

– The consideration set of customer i

The Consideration Stage:‐ Possible channels to reach the website

1( , , ) ~ (0, )Ti iQ QN

*iq i iq iqc R

An example with J=3Pi(channel 1)+ Pi (channel 2)+ Pi (channel 3) + Pi (channel 1&2)+ Pi (channel 1&3) + Pi (channel 2&3) + Pi (channel 1&2&3)=1

9

1( )Ti i iJC c c

De Los Santos, Hortacsu, and Wildenbeest 2012;   van Nierop et al. 2010

Page 10: Attribution Modeling - PKKannan - January 31-2014 · P. K. Kannan Ralph J. Tyser Professor of Marketing Science Chair, Department of Marketing Smith School of Business University

• The utility for customer i to visit channel j on occasion n

– Inclusive value:

– Cost of Visiting:

• The utility for customer i to purchase in channel j on occation n

– Informational Stock:

,1

1, ,JJ

ijn ij j k ikn ijnk

W G j

Indicator of customer i visit channel k on occation h.

, , 10

, , 10

exp( )

1 exp( )

J

j ijn j k ik nk

ijn J

j ijn j k ik nk

T LS

T L

0, 1, ,Jijn ij ijn j ijn ijnU I S j

The Visit and Purchase Stage:

Cumulative time spent on the firm’s website

Most recently  visited channel

10

log 1 exp( / )ijn ijnI W

1( )

1

(1 ) ikn ikh

nt t

ikn ikh kh

G d

(1‐ Decay Rate)

Ansari, Mela, and Neslin 2008;   Erdem and Keane 1996; Moorthy, Ratchford, and Talukdar 1997;  Montgomery et al. 2004;   Seiler 2013

Page 11: Attribution Modeling - PKKannan - January 31-2014 · P. K. Kannan Ralph J. Tyser Professor of Marketing Science Chair, Department of Marketing Smith School of Business University

Data and Estimation

• Individual‐level path to purchase data from an international hotel chain

June‐August, 2011

Integrated data feeds

Search and display; referral and direct; and e‐mail

• Estimation: MCMC in R

GoogleDoubleClick

AdobeSite Catalyst

11

Page 12: Attribution Modeling - PKKannan - January 31-2014 · P. K. Kannan Ralph J. Tyser Professor of Marketing Science Chair, Department of Marketing Smith School of Business University

Data and Estimation

• Individual‐level path to purchase data from an international hotel chain

June‐August, 2011

Integrated data feeds

Search and display; referral and direct; and e‐mail

• Estimation: MCMC in R

GoogleDoubleClick

AdobeSite Catalyst

12

Page 13: Attribution Modeling - PKKannan - January 31-2014 · P. K. Kannan Ralph J. Tyser Professor of Marketing Science Chair, Department of Marketing Smith School of Business University

Results – Consideration Stage

Notes: Bold indicates that the 95% posterior interval excludes zero.

13

Page 14: Attribution Modeling - PKKannan - January 31-2014 · P. K. Kannan Ralph J. Tyser Professor of Marketing Science Chair, Department of Marketing Smith School of Business University

Results – Visit Stage

Carryover

Spillover

Page 15: Attribution Modeling - PKKannan - January 31-2014 · P. K. Kannan Ralph J. Tyser Professor of Marketing Science Chair, Department of Marketing Smith School of Business University

Results – Purchase Stage

Notes: Bold indicates that the 95% posterior interval excludes zero.

15

Carryover

Spillover

Page 16: Attribution Modeling - PKKannan - January 31-2014 · P. K. Kannan Ralph J. Tyser Professor of Marketing Science Chair, Department of Marketing Smith School of Business University

Channel Observed

Direct 347

Organic Search 285

Referral 201

E‐Mail 138

Paid Search 114

Display        43

Total 1128

Compare Alternative Attribution Methods

16

Last‐Touch

31%

25%

18%

12%

10%

4%

100%

Proposed Model

28%

16%

24%

19%

6%

7%

100%

Page 17: Attribution Modeling - PKKannan - January 31-2014 · P. K. Kannan Ralph J. Tyser Professor of Marketing Science Chair, Department of Marketing Smith School of Business University

Take‐away from Example A 17

• Significant carryover and spillover effects at both visit 

and purchase stages.

• Incremental impact of channels.

For the focal firm: 

Spend less on paid search.

Spend more on referral, e‐mail and display.

Measurement framework.

17

Page 18: Attribution Modeling - PKKannan - January 31-2014 · P. K. Kannan Ralph J. Tyser Professor of Marketing Science Chair, Department of Marketing Smith School of Business University

Bid on keywords at time (t+1): Bid1=$0; Bid2=$1.2; Bid3=$1.5

Revenues based on first‐touch attr.:R(K1)=$10; R(K2)=$10; R(K3)=$0

Bid on keywords at time (t+1): Bid1=$1.6; Bid2=$1.3; Bid3=$0

Firm allocates budget

Search engine ranks the bidders for each keyword

Firm bids on keywords at time t: Bid(K1)=$1; Bid(K2)=$1; Bid(K3)=$1

Customer clicks on keywords: Customer 1: K1  K2  K3  K3 $10Customer 2: K2  K2 $10Customer 3: K2  K2 K3  K1   $0

Revenues based on last‐touch attr.:R(K1)=$0; R(K2)=$10; R(K3)=$10

This image cannot currently be displayed.

Attribution and Resource Allocation in Search Advertising

Page 19: Attribution Modeling - PKKannan - January 31-2014 · P. K. Kannan Ralph J. Tyser Professor of Marketing Science Chair, Department of Marketing Smith School of Business University

19

• New account• WOM• Consideration• Transaction

Page 20: Attribution Modeling - PKKannan - January 31-2014 · P. K. Kannan Ralph J. Tyser Professor of Marketing Science Chair, Department of Marketing Smith School of Business University

Take‐away from Example B

• Which attribution scheme (first‐click or last‐click) is better in generating revenues?

• What is the impact of attribution scheme on different marketing responses? 

Last Touch First TouchBroad Keywords

Specific Keywords

Last Touch First TouchNew Customer

WOM GenerationConsiderationPurchase

Page 21: Attribution Modeling - PKKannan - January 31-2014 · P. K. Kannan Ralph J. Tyser Professor of Marketing Science Chair, Department of Marketing Smith School of Business University

Challenges in implementation

• Attribution model only as good as the path data– How do you integrate all customer online touchpoint data?

– Incomplete data – cookie deletion– How about online channels and offline channels – TV, for example?

– Direct to Physicians, Direct to Consumers– Shopping across mobile and online channels

Page 22: Attribution Modeling - PKKannan - January 31-2014 · P. K. Kannan Ralph J. Tyser Professor of Marketing Science Chair, Department of Marketing Smith School of Business University

Challenges

• What I see in attribution starts with my marketing mix allocation and targeting– How do I disentangle what is due to my actions versus measurement issues?

Page 23: Attribution Modeling - PKKannan - January 31-2014 · P. K. Kannan Ralph J. Tyser Professor of Marketing Science Chair, Department of Marketing Smith School of Business University

$ $Budget Set by MgmtMonthly/Quarterly

Page 24: Attribution Modeling - PKKannan - January 31-2014 · P. K. Kannan Ralph J. Tyser Professor of Marketing Science Chair, Department of Marketing Smith School of Business University

$ $

Consumers’ PurchaseFunnel

Budget Set by MgmtMonthly/Quarterly

Modeling Approaches

1. Hidden Markov Models2. Nested Logit Model3. Generalized Poisson4. VAR Models5. Machine Learning 

Page 25: Attribution Modeling - PKKannan - January 31-2014 · P. K. Kannan Ralph J. Tyser Professor of Marketing Science Chair, Department of Marketing Smith School of Business University

$ $Budget Set by Mgmt Daily

Page 26: Attribution Modeling - PKKannan - January 31-2014 · P. K. Kannan Ralph J. Tyser Professor of Marketing Science Chair, Department of Marketing Smith School of Business University

Challenges• How do I incorporate attribution results into my media mix allocation?– How do I target customers?– Compatibility of data at different granularity– Building brand versus revenue generation– Challenge of Big Data

Page 27: Attribution Modeling - PKKannan - January 31-2014 · P. K. Kannan Ralph J. Tyser Professor of Marketing Science Chair, Department of Marketing Smith School of Business University

Questions?

• Setting the stage for discussion on marketing mix allocation

Page 28: Attribution Modeling - PKKannan - January 31-2014 · P. K. Kannan Ralph J. Tyser Professor of Marketing Science Chair, Department of Marketing Smith School of Business University

Contact Info

P.  K. KannanRalph J. Tyser Professor of Marketing Science

Chair, Department of MarketingSmith School of BusinessUniversity of MarylandCollege Park, MD 20742

[email protected]: 301‐405‐2188