RENJU RAJ

ROOPESH V NAMBOODIRI

ROSEMARY V A

SAJANA P A

SANDEEP K P

SANJU S

SARATH KRISHNAN

SARI V S

SATHEESH KUMAR S

Attractions are generally single units, individual sites or very small,

easily delimited geographical areas based on a single key feature.

Visitor attractions are natural locations or features, objects, or man-

made Constructions that have a special appeal to tourists and local

residents.

Without attractions there would be no need for other tourism services. Indeed tourism as such would not exist if it were not for attractions.

Destinations, specific attractions are performing a motivating role, and

are major pull factors for tourists in their destination choice. In fact,

they are arguably the most important component in the tourism system.

CLASSIFICATIONS OF ATTRACTION

On the basis of Type

• Historic houses - Amar Mahal Palace in Jammu & Kashmir, City

palace in jaipur.

• Museums and galleries - Indian Museum in Kolkata and National

Museum in New Delhi

Gallery maskara in Mumbai, Talwar gallery and

gallery Espace in New Delhi

• Wildlife attractions - Corbett National Park in Nainital and Sunder

bans National Park in West Bengal.

• Castles - Bekal Fort, Palakkad fort in Kerala

• Leisure parks - Wonderla in bangalore, kochi

On the basis of Physical Environment

Natural (forest, mountains)

Built Environment (leisure park, historic houses)

On the basis of Ownership

Managed by wide range of organizations, trusts and

individuals working in the public, private and not for profit

sectors. For example DMO(Destination Management

Organizations, World Tourism Organizations, etc

On the basis of Perception

Dark tourism : Dark tourism also called as black tourism or

grief tourism has been defined as tourism involving travel to

sites historically associated with death and tragedy.

Memorial Day Commemoration: Memorial Day , originally

called Decoration Day is a day of remembrance for those who

have died.

For e.g.: Rajghat for the memorial of Mahatma Gandhi,

Shakthi sthal for the memorial of Indira Gandhi

On the basis of Admission Policy

Admission fees, Open freely to the public, Operated by

membership,

Voluntary donations .

On the basis of Appeal

Geographical level : Kaziranga National Park in Assam,

Market segments : Temples, Beaches, Caves ( Golden

temple in Amritsar, beaches in goa and famous caves like

Ajanta caves)

On the basis of Composition

Locate around a specific point or feature. May occur at a

variety of locations.

For e.g. : Hill stations in Nainital, Shimla,Manali,Kullu

Tea estates in Darjeeling, Assam, Munnar, Nilgiri

Mountains, Wayanad.

On the basis of Degree of Permanence

Event are short duration expected in temporary sites.

For e.g.: Olympics or World Cup, Film Festivals

On the basis of Volume of Visitors

Visitors numbers received over a given period of time.

eg: Mass tourism sites like Taj Mahal in Agra,

Edakkal caves in wayanad district of kerala

On the basis of Organizational Complexity and risk

Degree of organization needed to coordinate. Unpredictable

nature of visitor markets and individuals.

PICTURES OF SOME

FAMOUS ATTRACTIONS IN

INDIA

INDUSTRY ASSOCIATIONS AND ORGANIZATIONS

IAAPA (International Association of Amusement

Parks and Attractions)

IAAPA which was founded in 1918 as a collective way

for its members to learn about new products, disseminate

current industry news and increase and increase

operational profitability, is the largest international trade

association for amusement facilities worldwide and is

dedicated to the preservation and prosperity of the

amusement industry

TAAI ( Travel Agents Association of India)

It was formed in the year 1951. TAAI is the nodal

association of India and a non profit making organization

engaged in promoting mutual cooperation among different

segments of travel and tourism industry.

TRENDS

Tourist attractions in 2014 continued to be primarily driven by visits to

historic buildings/sites. India, with its rich heritage and history,

continued to attract a large number of travellers due to its architectural

styles, from different periods, dynasties and types of craftsmanship.

Furthermore, with the help of ASI (the Archaeological Survey of India),

most of these buildings are well maintained and looked after, which

helped them to attract more tourists.

PROBLEMS AT TOURIST ATTRACTIONS

Major problems faced by domestic segments are either non-

availability of toilets meant for people with reduced mobility or

unhygienic condition of the available ones. Others equally worth

citing are absence of public utilities such as telephone, toilet, water

tap and the like at convenient places; not availability of ramps in

general and/ or those not found at all required points at attractions

where they are present; improper levels of alternate ramps and

insufficiently laid pathways.

Major issues bothering the foreign tourist segments at

attractions are non-availability of ramps in general or level

differences of alternate ramps; non-availability of toilets meant for

persons with reduced mobility, unhygienic condition of available

ones; lack of access stairs/lifts; inconvenient reach points at

attractions

SHOPPING

Shopping is an activity in which a customer browses the

available goods or services presented by one or more retailers with the

intent to purchase a suitable selection of them.

In some contexts it may be considered a leisure activity as well

as an economic one. In modern days customer focus is more

transferred towards online shopping, worldwide people order products

from different regions and online retailers delivers there products to their

homes, offices or wherever they want. The B2C process has made it

easy for consumers to select any product online from a retailers website

and it is delivered to consumer within no time. The consumer does not

need to consume his energy by going out to the stores and saves his

time of travelling.

The shopping experience can range from delightful to terrible,

based on a variety of factors including how the customer is treated,

convenience, the type of goods being purchased, and mood.

ORIGIN

Ancient era

In ancient Greece, the agora served as a

marketplace where merchants kept stalls or shops to sell their

goods. Ancient Rome utilized a similar marketplace known as

the forum. For example, there was Trajan's Market with

tabernae that served as retailing units.

Shopping lists are known to have been used by

Romans, as one was discovered near Hadrian's wall dated

back to 75–125 CE written for a soldier.

Fairs and markets were established to facilitate the

exchange of goods and services. People would shop for

goods at a weekly market in nearby towns.

The modern phenomenon of shopping is closely linkedto the emergence of the consumer society in the 18thcentury. Over the course of the two centuries from 1600onwards, the purchasing power of the averageEnglishman steadily rose. Sugar consumption doubled inthe first half of the 18th century and the availability of awide range of luxury goods, including tea, cotton andtobacco saw a sustained increase.

The first display windows in shops were installed in

the late 18th century in London.

Retailers designed attractive shop fronts to entice

patronage, using bright lights, advertisements and

attractively arranged goods. The goods on offer were in a

constant state of change, due to the frenetic change in

fashions.

RECENT TRENDS AND DEVELOPMENTS

GROWING MALL CULTURE IN INDIA

Malls are not only a shopping place but a

place to rejuvenate, socialize and entertain. In big retail

stores you get everything under one roof from branded

clothes,grocery,electronics to foot wear.. Without a doubt

malls have changed the shopping experience of Indians.

Doing shopping in the scorching heat of the sun has been

replaced by AC shopping. Youth take this as a status

symbol. Visiting Malls and buying branded products satisfy

their thirst for better quality of life. Teenagers do come to

show off. Certainly shopping Malls are bringing in a new

culture in India which is different from the traditional culture

as far as shopping is concerned.

LULU SHOPPING MALL - FAMOUS SHOPPING CENTRE

Lulu Mall is the largest shopping mall in India

situated in the city of kochi. Spanning 17 acres and with total

retail floor of 1.7 million square feet, it is the 48th largest

shopping mall in the world. The mall was opened in March

2013 and contains more than 215 outlets including food

courts,restaurants,family entertainment zones, a multiplex,

ice skating rink and bowling alley.

Lulu mall is all set to offer the most refreshing shopping and

entertainment experience that Kerala has witnessed.

SHOPPING FESTIVALS

Grand Kerala Shopping Festival

One of the famous shopping festival in India is

Grand Kerala shopping Festival which is an annual

shopping event. The festival is conducted by Tourism

department in coordination with the industries and

commerce department, finance department and local self

government department. In the process , the brand image of

Kerala Tourism would go a long way to help upgrade the

infrastructure of traditional marketing center in Kerala.

Dubai Shopping festival

It is perhaps one of the most well known

shopping fiestas in the world. It is the shoppers paradise to

explore. During this festival shops offer discounts on their

merchandise. It has been promoted as a tourist attraction.

TYPES OF SHOPPING

Shopping hubs

A larger commercial zone can be found in many cities, more formally called

a central business district, but more commonly called "downtown" in the

United States, or in Arab cities, souks. Shopping hubs, or shopping centers,

are collections of stores; that is a grouping of several businesses.

Typical examples include shopping malls, town squares, flea markets and

bazaars.

Stores

Stores are divided into multiple categories of stores which sell a

selected set of goods or services. Usually they are tiered by target

demographics based on the disposable income of the shopper. They can be

tiered from cheap to pricey.

Some shops sell secondhand goods. In antique shops, the public

can find goods that are older and harder to find. College students are known

to resell books back through college textbook bookstores. Old used items

are often distributed through surplus stores.

Various types of retail stores that specialize in the selling of goods

related to a theme include bookstores, boutiques, candy shops, liquor

stores, gift shops, hardware stores, hobby stores, pet stores,

pharmacies, sex shops and supermarkets.

Other stores such as big-box stores, hypermarkets, convenience stores,

department stores, general stores, dollar stores sell a wider variety of

products.

Home shopping or Online Shopping

Home mail delivery systems and modern technology (such

as television, telephones, and the Internet), in combination with electronic

commerce, allow consumers to shop from home. There are three main

types of home shopping: mail or telephone ordering from catalogs;

telephone ordering in response to advertisements in print and electronic

media and online shopping. Online shopping has completely redefined the

way people make their buying decisions; the Internet provides access to a

lot of information about a particular product, which can be looked at,

evaluated, and compared. Online shopping allows the buyer to save the

time and expense, which would have been spent traveling to the store or

mall.

Neighborhood shopping

Convenience stores are common in North America, and are

often called "bodegas" in Spanish-speaking communities or

"dépanneurs" in French-speaking ones. Sometimes peddlers

and ice cream trucks pass through neighborhoods offering

goods and services. Also, garage sales are a common form

of second hand resale.

Party shopping

The party plan is a method of marketing products

by hosting a social event, using the event to display and

demonstrate the product or products to those gathered, and

then to take orders for the products before the gathering

ends..

Window shopping

"Window shopping" is a term referring to the

browsing of goods by a consumer with no intent to purchase,

either as a recreational activity or to plan a later purchase.

Grocery Shopping

A grocery shop is one which sells merchandise to

customers, mainly foodstuff. Fresh fruit, vegetables, flowers,

plants ,frozen foods and chocolates are just some of the

selection of goods on offer.All foods and goods are organized in sections on shelves .

PRESENT STATUS OF SHOPPING – An eye Retail sector

The retail sector in India is witnessing a huge revamping

exercise as traditional markets make way for next formats

such as departmental stores, hypermarkets, super markets

and specialty stores. Western styles malls have begun

appearing in metros and second running cities alike

introducing the Indian consumer to a shopping experience

like never before. The slowdown in the Indian reality sector

has surprisingly not hampered the development of new

malls across the country.

India has 570 operational malls(as of May 2013) with a

total area of 180 million sqft compared to just 225 malls

that were up and running five years ago, according to

numbers collated by real estate consultancy firm .

INDUSTRY ASSOCIATIONS AND ORGANIZATION

FOR SHOPPING

SCAI ( Shopping Centres Association of India)The

Shopping Centres Association of India (SCAI), a non profit

organization has been set up with the vision to engage in,

and encourage , the development of the shopping centre

industry in India., by equipping it with the requisite

knowledge base and operational skills.

ITPO ( India Trade Promotion Organization)

This is the premier trade promotion agency of the

government of India for organizing trade fairs, and is

committed to showcase excellence achieved by the country

in diverse fields especially trade and commerce.

RASCI (Retailers Association Skill Council Of India)

It is a not for profit , independent public limited

organization which have been funded by the government of

India to function as the apex skill development Council for

the retail industry.

ICSC (International Council of shopping Centers)

ICSC was founded in 1957 and is the global trade

association of the shopping center industry. As the global

industry trade association , ICSC links with more than 25

national and regional shopping center council throughout the

world.

MSPA ( Mystery Shopping Providers Association)

The MSPA is the largest professional trade association

dedicated to improving service quality using anonymous

resources. The primary goals are to establish professional

standards and ethics for the shopping industry.

PROBLEMS FACED BY SHOPPING TOURISM

Less Unique Products : Global standardization has produced less unique

locales. The globalized marketplace means that often the same products are

available throughout the world. If part of the reason for travel is to learn

about or have the opportunity to explore the unique and different, then the

sameness factor is a major tourism challenge. For example, shopping malls

around the world often seem to offer the same products.

Lack of safety : Although efforts of creating safe environments is plenty,

most of either uneffictive or lack of consistency which lead to the failure of

its purpose. This factor has proved a challenge

Poor money management : Money is not well managed and allocated, plenty

of money is being corrupted. As such money allocated for promoting

shopping tourism is lesser.

Entertainment is a form of activity that holds the attention and interest of

an audience, or gives pleasure and delight. It can be an idea or a task, but

is more likely to be one of the activities or events that have developed

over thousands of years specifically for the purpose of keeping an

audience's attention. Although people's attention is held by different

things, because individuals have different preferences in entertainment,

most forms are recognizable and familiar. Storytelling, music, drama,

dance, and different kinds of performance exist in all cultures, were

supported in royal courts, developed into sophisticated forms and over

time became available to all citizens.

The experience of being entertained has come to be strongly associated

with amusement, so that one common understanding of the idea is fun

and laughter, although many entertainments have a serious purpose. This

may be the case in the various forms of ceremony, celebration, religious

festival, or satire for example.

FORMS OF ENTERTAINMENT

Banquets

Banquets have been a venue for entertainment since ancient times,

continuing until the 21st century, when they are still being used for many of their

original purposes – to impress visitors, especially important ones : to show hospitality,

as an occasion to showcase supporting entertainments such as music or dancing, or

both . They were an integral part of court entertainments and helped entertainers

develop their skills. For eg : Wedding showers, Sports banquet.

MusicMusic is a supporting component of many kinds of entertainment and

most kinds of performance. For example, it is used to enhance storytelling, it is

indispensable in dance and opera, and is usually incorporated into dramatic film or

theatre productions.

Music is also a universal and popular type of entertainment on its own, constituting an

entire performance such as when concerts are given . Depending on the rhythm,

instrument, performance and style, music is divided into many genres, such as

classical, jazz, folk, rock, pop music or traditional.

Games

Games are played for entertainment—sometimes purely for

entertainment, sometimes for achievement or reward as well. They

can be played alone, in teams, or online; by amateurs or by

professionals.

Equipment varies with the game. Board games, such as Go,

Monopoly or backgammon need a board and markers. Card games,

such as whist, poker and Bridge have long been played as evening

entertainment among friends. Other games, such as bingo, played

with numerous strangers, have been organized to involve the

participation of non-players via gambling. Number games such as

Sudoku and puzzle games like the Rubik's cube can develop mental

powers.

ReadingReading has been a source of entertainment for a very long

time, especially when other forms, such as performance entertainments,

were (or are) either unavailable or too costly. Even when the primary

purpose of the writing is to inform or instruct, reading is well known for its

capacity to distract from everyday worries. Both stories and information

have been passed on through the tradition of orality and oral traditions

survive in the form of performance poetry. Limericks, for example, use

verse in a strict, predictable rhyme and rhythm to create humor and to

amuse an audience of listeners or readers..

ComedyComedy is both a genre of entertainment and a component

of it, providing laughter and amusement, whether the comedy is the sole

purpose or used as a form of contrast in an otherwise serious piece.

For eg : Mime

The meaning of the word "comedy" and the audience's expectations of it

have changed over time and vary according to culture . Simple physical

comedy such as slapstick is entertaining to a broad range of people of all

ages. However, as cultures become more sophisticated, national

nuances appear in the style and references so that what is amusing in

one culture may be unintelligible in another.

Performance

Live performances before an audience constitute a major form of

entertainment, especially before the invention of audio and video

recording. Performance takes a wide range of forms, including theatre,

music and drama. Opera is demanding performance style that remains

popular

Storytelling

Storytelling is an ancient form of entertainment that has influenced almost

all other forms. It is "not only entertainment, it is also thinking through

human conflicts and contradictions". Hence, although stories may be

delivered directly to a small listening audience, they are also presented as

entertainment and used as a component of any piece that relies on a

narrative, such as film, drama, ballet, and opera

Epic narratives, poems, sagas and allegories from all cultures tell such

gripping tales that they have inspired countless other stories in all forms of

entertainment. Examples include the Hindu Ramayana and Mahabharata;

Collections of stories, such as Grimms' Fairy Tales or those by Hans

Christian Andersen have been similarly influential.

Theatre

Theatre performances, typically dramatic or musical, are presented on

a stage for an audience. Plays , musicals, monologues, pantomimes and

performance poetry are part of the very long history of theatre which is also the

venue for the type of performance known as stand up comedy.

Cinema and film

Films are a major form of entertainment, although not all films have

entertainment as their primary purpose: documentary film , for example, aims

to create a record or inform, although the two purposes often work together.

Increasingly sophisticated techniques have been used in the film medium to

delight and entertain audiences. Animation , for example, which involves the

display of rapid movement in an art work.

Dance

The many forms of dance provide entertainment for all age groups and

cultures. Dance can be serious in tone, such as when it is used to express a

culture's history or important stories; it may be provocative; or it may put in the

service of comedy. Since it combines many forms of entertainment – music,

movement, storytelling, theatre

Animals

Animals have been used for the purposes of entertainment for millennia.

They have been hunted for entertainment (as opposed to hunted for food);

displayed while they hunt for prey; watched when they compete with each

other; and watched while they perform a trained routine for human

amusement. Many contests between animals are now regarded as sports

– for example, horse racing is regarded as both a sport and an important

source of entertainment.

Circus

A circus, described as "one of the most brazen of entertainment forms", is

a special type of theatrical performance, involving acrobatics and often

performing animals, usually thought of as a travelling show, although

permanent venues have also been used.

Magic

The form of entertainment known as stage magic or conjuring and

recognizable as performance, is based on traditions and texts of magical

rites and dogmas that have been a part of most cultural traditions since

ancient times. Fantasy Magicians have held an important place in literature

for centuries, offering entertainment to millions of readers.

Street performance

Street entertainment, street performance are forms of performance that

have been meeting the public's need for entertainment for centuries.

There are three basic forms of contemporary street performance. The first

form is the "circle show". It tends to gather a crowd, usually has a distinct

beginning and end, and is done in conjunction with street theatre,

puppeteering, magicians, comedians, acrobats, jugglers and sometimes

musicians. The second form “walk by act”, has no distinct beginning or end.

The third form “café busking” is performed mostly in restaurants , pubs, bars

and cafes.

Parades

Parades are held for a range of purposes, often more than one. Whether

their mood is sombre or festive, being public events that are designed to

attract attention and activities that necessarily divert normal traffic, parades

have a clear entertainment value to their audiences. Cavalcades and the

modern variant, the motorcade, are examples of public processions.

Fireworks

Fireworks are a part of many public entertainments and have retained an

enduring popularity since they became a "crowning feature of elaborate

celebrations" in the 17th century. For eg: fireworks were one of the

primary forms of display chosen to celebrate the turn of the millennium

around the world. Another example is new year celebrations.

Sport

Sports competitions have always provided entertainment for crowds. To

distinguish the players from the audience, the latter are often known as

spectators. Developments in stadium and auditorium design, as well as in

recording and broadcast technology, have allowed off-site spectators to

watch sport, with the result that the size of the audience has grown ever

larger and spectator sport has become increasingly popular. Two of the

most popular sports with global appeal are association football and cricket.

Fairs, expositions, shopping

Fairs and exhibitions have existed since ancient and medieval times,

displaying wealth, innovations and objects for trade and offering specific

entertainments as well as being places of entertainment in themselves.

Nowadays merchandising has become entertainment: video screens,

interactive computer kiosks, day care ..cafés.

Entertainment : Powerful Tourism Magnet

Live entertainment is often a main attraction for a vacation trip like

various concert tours which offers full pack of entertainment – DJ, music

concerts etc.

Entertianment has risen to a new level in vacation decision making

process. Today the travelling public wants to have fun, to be entertained,

to enjoy fanatsy and to escape from the realities of everyday life.

Example – Top two north american vacation destinations – Walt Disney

World and Las Vegas are built around the appeal of entertainment.