attracting and protecting butterflies paul guillebeau, ph.d. uga entomology [email protected]
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Attracting and Protecting Attracting and Protecting ButterfliesButterflies
Paul Guillebeau, Ph.D.Paul Guillebeau, Ph.D.
UGA EntomologyUGA Entomology
[email protected]@uga.edu
Butterfly Life CycleButterfly Life Cycle
Egg – a few daysEgg – a few days
Larva – a few weeksLarva – a few weeks– Wandering phase – looking for a place to pupateWandering phase – looking for a place to pupate
Pupa – variablePupa – variable
Adult – a few weeksAdult – a few weeks
OverwinteringOverwintering
Different types of Lepidoptera spend the Different types of Lepidoptera spend the winter in each life stagewinter in each life stage
Some do not overwinter; they spend the Some do not overwinter; they spend the winter in warmer climateswinter in warmer climates
General PrinciplesGeneral PrinciplesLarval food – Depends on speciesLarval food – Depends on species
Adult food – Continuous nectar sourcesAdult food – Continuous nectar sources
Other adult needsOther adult needs– WaterWater– MineralsMinerals– Places to rest – diversity of plantsPlaces to rest – diversity of plants– Places to bask in the sun - stonesPlaces to bask in the sun - stones
General PrinciplesGeneral PrinciplesDon’t use insecticides on larval or adult food sourcesDon’t use insecticides on larval or adult food sources
Most insecticides are broad spectrumMost insecticides are broad spectrum
Even Even Bacillus thuringiensis Bacillus thuringiensis is dangerous for any is dangerous for any caterpillars that eat itcaterpillars that eat it
““Safe” insecticides include soaps and oilsSafe” insecticides include soaps and oils
General PrinciplesGeneral Principles
Adult attracted to red, yellow, orange, pink Adult attracted to red, yellow, orange, pink and purple blossoms that are flat-topped, and purple blossoms that are flat-topped, clustered, and have short flower tubes.clustered, and have short flower tubes.
Adults feed in sunshineAdults feed in sunshine
Water/mineral sources must be shallowWater/mineral sources must be shallow
Adult PuddlingAdult Puddling
A shallow pan filled with sand or small stonesA shallow pan filled with sand or small stones
Add water, soil, manure, overripe fruit, a little Add water, soil, manure, overripe fruit, a little salt, sports drinks, stale beer, etc.salt, sports drinks, stale beer, etc.
Make sure it is safe from catsMake sure it is safe from cats
Good Butterfly PlantsGood Butterfly Plants
Zinnias, lantana, buddleia, marigolds, tithonia Zinnias, lantana, buddleia, marigolds, tithonia (Mexican sunflower), milkweeds, verbenas and (Mexican sunflower), milkweeds, verbenas and many mint plantsmany mint plants
Diversity is goodDiversity is good
Native plants are importantNative plants are important– Co-evolution of plants and butterfliesCo-evolution of plants and butterflies– Butterflies may be fooled – larvae don’t surviveButterflies may be fooled – larvae don’t survive– http://www.wildflower.org/collections/http://www.wildflower.org/collections/
Common Georgia ButterfliesCommon Georgia Butterflies
MonarchMonarch
Larval food - MilkweedLarval food - Milkweed
Spicebush SwallowtailSpicebush Swallowtail
Larval food – spicebush, sassafrassLarval food – spicebush, sassafrass
Tiger SwallowtailTiger Swallowtail
Larval food - tulip poplar, green ash, white Larval food - tulip poplar, green ash, white ash, sweet bay, wild cherry ash, sweet bay, wild cherry
Black SwallowtailBlack Swallowtail
Larval food - dill, fennel, parsley and Larval food - dill, fennel, parsley and Queen Anne’s lace Queen Anne’s lace
Pipevine SwallowtailPipevine Swallowtail
Larval food - pipevine, snakeroot Larval food - pipevine, snakeroot
Gulf FritillaryGulf FritillaryLarval food - mollypop or maypop, green Larval food - mollypop or maypop, green passionflower or other passionflowers passionflower or other passionflowers
Long Tailed SkipperLong Tailed Skipper
Larval food – members of bean familyLarval food – members of bean family– beggar's tick (beggar's tick (DesmodiumDesmodium spp.), hog peanut spp.), hog peanut
((Amphicarpa bracteataAmphicarpa bracteata), kudzu (), kudzu (Pueraria Pueraria lobatalobata), and wisteria (), and wisteria (Wisteria sinensisWisteria sinensis), and ), and edibles such as garden peas (edibles such as garden peas (Pisum sativaPisum sativa) ) and various kinds of beans and various kinds of beans