Attention Deficit Disorder

Attention Deficit DisorderSymptoms Children do not pay attention to details and have

problems following instructionsOften fidget with hands and squirm in seatsOften interrupt and have trouble waiting their turnOften blurt out answers before a person finishes

asking a question.Biological: Brain areas differ from that of a normal

child (smaller right anterior frontal)May be due to fast paced culture because the brain

accommodates itself much more prevalent in the U.S

Treatment Stimulants increases the ability to focus but

only for a short period of time.Stimulants work best when combined with

behavior therapy

Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar DisorderSymptomsBrain disorder that causes a shift in a person’s

mood, energy, and ability to functionThere are 2 parts of the disorder: Mania &

DepressionMania- racing thoughts & speech, grandiose self-

esteem, highly distractible, poor judgment & impulsive

Depression- pervasive sadness, feel anxious, guilty, and worthless, usually feel helpless and unable to improve life

Treatment Lithium is a medicine that reduces symptoms

of bipolar disorderAnti-convulsive medications are used when

lithium doesn’t work (neuron tin)No permanent

Borderline PersonalityDisorder

Borderline Personality DisorderSymptoms Strong mood shifts that last only a few hours (emotional

liability) Anger that is inappropriate, intense or uncontrollable Self destructive behaviors ( self-mutilation) Instability in identity including self-image, sexual

orientation, career choice, and long term goals Chronic feelings of emptiness Relationships tend to be intense, chaotic, and unstable Person makes frantic efforts to avoid abandonment Short term dissociative thoughts and actions

TreatmentMaintain open communicationMaintain an emotional distancePrepare for “emotional splitting”Drug therapy (mixed results)

Bulimia Nervosa

Bulimia NervosaSymptomsRecurrent episodes of binge eating during which the

person eats excessive amounts and feels a lack of control over their behavior

Recurrent inappropriate behavior including: self-induced vomiting, fasting, excessive exercise and abuse of laxatives and diuretics

Individual is preoccupied with body shape and weightMost common in teens and womenCan cause more serious health problems such as

osteoporosis, heart problems, kidney damage, or death

Treatment Professionals develop a care plan to fit the

needs of the individualMedication and psychotherapy

Dysthymic Disorder

Dysthymic DisorderSymptoms A depressed mood that is present most of the time and that

persists for at least 2 years The presence of 2 or more of the following:

-poor appetite/over eating-insomnia or hypersomnia-low energy or fatigue-poor concentration or difficulty making decisions-feelings of hopelessness

During 2-year period the person has never been without the symptoms for more than 2 months

No major depressive episode or manic episode has been present during the first 2 years of disturbance

TreatmentPsychotherapy and medications sometimes

reduce symptomsProzac and trofanil

Major Depression

Major DepressionSymptoms A person must express 5 of nine symptoms(need to occur

for at least 2 weeks)-depressed mood-reduced level of interest in activities-a considerable change in body weight-change in appetite-sleep difficulties-agitated or slow behavior-thoughts of worthlessness or guilt-cognitive abilities diminished-frequent thoughts of death or sucide

TreatmentAntidepressantsPsychotherapy

Obsessive CompulsiveDisorder

Obsessive Compulsive DisorderSymptomsThe presence of obsessive thoughts, images, impulsesThe person is unable to ignore the thought and it causes

the person anxietyThe person feels compelled to perform the actionPerforming the action is intended to reduce stress or

prevent some dreaded eventThe individual recognizes that the actions are excessive

or unreasonableThe obsessions occupy significant amounts of time and

interfere with the person’s lifeExperts believe that it is due to lack of serotonin

TreatmentEducating the individual on the disorder can

help a person manage their tendenciesMedications that inhibit serotonin reuptakeResponse prevention

Panic disorder W/ AgoraphobiaSymptomsRecurrent Panic attacksIndividual is anxious about going places

where escape might be difficult or embarrassing, or where they will be unable to receive assistance in case of an emergency

TreatmentMedicationsPsychotherapy

Paranoid Schizophrenia

Paranoid SchizophreniaSymptoms (must persist for at least 1 month and some

must remain present for at lest 6 months)An Expression of 2 or more of the following:

-Hallucinations-Disorganized speech-Grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior-Negative symptoms( flat affect, lack of speech or action)

These symptoms must significantly interfere with a persons work, relationships and self-care

Symptoms must be unjustifiable by another medical or psychological effect

The Many Faces (delusions)Erotomanic: Believes another person

(famous) is in love with him/herGrandiose: over-inflated sense of self worth,

power, knowledge or identityJealous: believes his/her spouse or partner is

unfaithfulPersecutory: believes they are being

mistreatedSomatic: believes he/she has a physical defectMixed: two or more of the above

TreatmentNarcoleptic drugs (mitigate symptoms) Includes Thorazine, Haldol, Prolixin

Post Traumatic Stressdisorder

Post Traumatic Stress DisorderSymptomsA person has been exposed to one or more traumatic

events in which he/she is confronted with events that involved the threat of death or serious injury to themselves or others and the person’s response involved fear, helplessness, or terror

The traumatic event is consistently re-experienced by distressing recollections or dreams.

Person feels distress in stimuli that remind them of the event

Avoidance of that stimuliIncreased levels of arousal including: insomnia,

irritability ,and hyper vigilance

TreatmentTrauma therapySystematic desensitizationStress ManagementCognitive techniques

Substance Abuse

Substance AbuseSymptoms The person experiences a maladaptive pattern of

substance use which leads to 3 or more of the following:-person experiences drug tolerance(increased amounts of drug to achieve intoxication”-person experiences drug withdrawal-person takes substance in doses that are larger than the intended amount and over a longer time than intended-person has made unsuccessful efforts to quit-Person gives up social and professional opportunities because of the substance-The person continues the use of the drug in spite of negative consequences

TreatmentPsychological interventionsDetoxification

Tourette’s Syndrome

Tourettes SyndromeSymptoms The presence of multiple motor ties and one

more vocal ties or more vocal ties These ties most appear many times a day The onset of the disorder must occur before

the age of 18 years old The disturbance causes marked distress or

significant impairment in social functioning

Treatment No cureMedications can reduce symptoms