atp 2-22-9 open source intelligence (2012)

7/21/2019 ATP 2-22-9 Open Source Intelligence (2012)

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/atp-2-22-9-open-source-intelligence-2012 1/91

G]_ 5-55.1

Hpjk-\hurlj Aktj``adjklj

Fu`y 5?75

MA\]UAEZ]AHK UJ\]UAL]AHK6 Zk`aiatjm Mastraeutahk

Cjgmqugrtjrs, Mjpgrtijkt hb tcj Griy



*G]_ 5-55.1

MA\]UAEZ]AHK UJ\]UAL]AHK6 Zkàiatjm Mastraeutahk

.

*]cas pueàlgtahk supjrsjmjs BIA 5-55.1, : Mjljiejr 5??2.

a

Griy ]jlckaqujs _ueàlgtahk

Kh. 5-55.1 (BIA 5-55.1)

Cjgmqugrtjrs

Mjpgrtijkt hb tcj Griy

Tgscakdthk, ML, 7? Fu`y 5?75

Hpjk-\hurlj Aktj`àdjklj

Lhktjkts

_gdj

_UJBGLJ.............................................................................................................. av

AK]UHMZL]AHK .................................................................................................... v

Lcgptjr 7 H_JK-\HZULJ AK]J@@ADJKLJ (H\AK]) BZKMGIJK]G@\ ........................ 7-7

Mjbakatahk gkm ]jris .......................................................................................... 7-7

Lcgrgltjrastals .................................................................................................... 7-7

]cj Aktj`àdjklj Tgrbadctakd Bukltahk ................................................................ 7-5

]cj Aktj`àdjklj _rhljss .................................................................................... 7-<

]cj _`gkkakd Ujquarjijkts gkm Gssjssakd Lh``jltahk _rhljss ........................ 7-=

]cj Iaàtgry Mjlasahkignakd _rhljss ................................................................ 7-=

Aktj`àdjklj _rjpgrgtahk hb tcj Egtt`jbaj`m ........................................................... 7-:

Lcgptjr 5 _@GKKAKD GKM _UJ_GUG]AHK HB ]CJ H\AK] IA\\AHK ............................. 5-7

\jltahk A “ _`gkkakd H\AK] Gltavatajs ............................................................ 5-7

Mjbakj tcj Hpjrgtahkg` Jkvarhkijkt .................................................................. 5-7

Mjslraej Jkvarhkijktg` Jbbjlts hk Hpjrgtahks ................................................. 5-5

Jvgùgtj tcj ]crjgt ............................................................................................ 5-5

Mjtjriakj ]crjgt Lhursjs hb Gltahk .................................................................. 5-5

\jltahk AA “ _rjpgrgtahk hb H\AK] Gltavatajs .................................................. 5-5

H\AK] Jxp`hatgtahk ............................................................................................. 5-<

_rjpgrgtahk Lhksamjrgtahks ................................................................................ 5-=

\jltahk AAA “ _`gkkakd gkm _rjpgrgtahk Lhksamjrgtahks ............................... 5-4

Hpjk-\hurlj Ujàgeaàty ...................................................................................... 5-4

Hpjk-\hurlj Akbhrigtahk Lhktjkt Lrjmaeaàty..................................................... 5-3

Lhipàgklj ......................................................................................................... 5-3



Lhktjkts

Hpjrgtahks \jluraty............................................................................................. 5-3

L`gssabalgtahk ....................................................................................................... 5-1

Lhhrmakgtahk ........................................................................................................ 5-1

Mjljptahk gkm Eags ............................................................................................. 5-1

Lhpyradct gkm Aktj``jltug` _rhpjrty ..................................................................... 5-1

@akduast Ujquarjijkts ...................................................................................... 5-7?

Iglcakj Bhrjadk @gkdugdj ]rgks`gtahk \ystjis ............................................ 5-77

\jltahk AR “ Igkkakd tcj H\AK] \jltahk ..................................................... 5-7<

H\AK] \jltahk Mutajs ....................................................................................... 5-7<

H\AK] \jltahk gt tcj Eradgmj Lhiegt ]jgi @jvj` ......................................... 5-7<

]gsn Hrdgkazgtahk Lhksamjrgtahks .................................................................... 5-7:

Lcgptjr < LH@@JL]AKD H\AK] ......................................................................................... <-7

Lh``jltakd _ueàl`y Gvga`ge`j Akbhrigtahk ............................................................ <-7

Ujsjgrlc ............................................................................................................. <-<

Lcgptjr = _UHMZLAKD H\AK] .......................................................................................... =-7

Lgtjdhrajs hb Aktj`àdjklj _rhmults .................................................................... =-7

Jvgùgtj Akbhrigtahk ........................................................................................... =-5

_rhljss Akbhrigtahk ............................................................................................ =-:

Ujphrt gkm Massjiakgtj Akbhrigtahk ................................................................ =-7?

Ujphrtakd gkm Massjiakgtahk Lhksamjrgtahks ................................................... =-75

Gppjkmax G @JDG@ UJ\]UAL]AHK\ GKM UJDZ@G]HUQ @AIA]G]AHK\ ........................ G-7

Gppjkmax E LQEJU\_GLJ AK]JUKJ] GTGUJKJ\\ ...................................................... E-7

Gppjkmax L EG\AL GKM GMRGKLJM AK]JUKJ] \JGULC ]JLCKAWZJ\ ..................... L-7

Gppjkmax M H\AK] LHK]UAEZ]AHK\ ................................................................................. M-7

Gppjkmax J H\AK] HUDGKAVG]AHK\ ................................................................................. J-=

Gppjkmax B H_JK-\HZULJ UJ\HZULJ\ ............................................................................ 7

D@H\\GUQ .......................................................................................... D`hssgry-7

UJBJUJKLJ\ .................................................................................. Ujbjrjkljs-7

AKMJS ......................................................................................................... Akmjx-7

Badurjs

Badurj 7-7. ]cj aktj`àdjklj prhljss ...................................................................................... 7-<

Badurj 5-7. Eradgmj lhiegt tjgi‑s H\AK] sjltahk ............................................................. 5-7=

Badurj <-7. _rhljss bhr lh``jltakd pueàl`y gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk ........................................... <-5



Lhktjkts

7? Fu`y 5?75 G]_ 5-55.1 aaa

]ge`js

]ge`j 5-7. Hpjk-shurlj rjàgeaàty rgtakds ............................................................................... 5-3

]ge`j 5-5. Hpjk-shurlj lhktjkt lrjmaeaàty rgtakds ................................................................. 5-3

]ge`j <-7. Hpjk-shurlj ijmag, lhiphkjkts, gkm j`jijkts ................................................. <-:

]ge`j =-7. Lgtjdhrajs hb aktj`àdjklj prhmults ....................................................................... =-7

]ge`j =-5. Lhipgrashk hb lhiiukalgtahk typjs .................................................................... =-<

]ge`j =-<. @jvj`, bglthrs, gkm j`jijkts hb ijmag lhktrh` ...................................................... =-4

]ge`j =-=. Cajrgrlcy hb ijmag phwjr ..................................................................................... =-3

]ge`j L-7. Ehh`jgk `hdal hpjrgthrs, lhkkjlthrs, gkm mjàiatjrs ........................................... L-<

]ge`j L-5. ]ruklgtakd gkm schrtjkakd ukabhri rjshurlj `hlgthrs ......................................... L-2

]ge`j J-7. Hpjk \hurlj Glgmjiy lurraluùi .......................................................................J-:

]ge`j B-7. Iaàtgry hpjk-shurlj trgakakd gkm rjshurljs ............................................................ 7



av G]_ 5-55.1 7? Fu`y 5?75

_rjbglj

G]_ 5-55.1 jstgeàscjs g lhiihk ukmjrstgkmakd, bhukmgtahkg` lhkljpts, gkm ijtchms hb usj bhr Griy hpjk-shurlj aktj`àdjklj (H\AK]). G]_ 5-55.1 cadcàdcts tcj lcgrgltjrazgtahk hb H\AK] gs gk aktj`àdjklj maslapàkj,

ats aktjrrj`gtahkscap watc htcjr aktj`àdjklj maslapàkjs, gkm ats gppàlgeaàty th ukabajm `gkm hpjrgtahks.

]cas Griy tjlckaqujs pueàlgtahk ”

_rhvamjs bukmgijktg` praklap`js gkm tjriakh`hdy bhr Griy ukats tcgt lhkmult H\AK] jxp`hatgtahk.

Maslussjs tgltals, tjlckaqujs, gkm prhljmurjs (]]_) bhr Griy ukats tcgt lhkmult H\AK] jxp`hatgtahk.

_rhvamjs g lgtg`yst bhr rjkjwakd gkm jipcgsazakd Griy gwgrjkjss hb tcj vgùj hb pueàl`y

gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk gkm hpjk shurljs.

Jstgeàscjs g lhiihk ukmjrstgkmakd hb H\AK].

Mjvj`hps systjigtal gpprhglcjs th p`gk, prjpgrj, lh``jlt, gkm prhmulj aktj`àdjklj brhi pueàl`y

gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk brhi hpjk shurljs.

]cj tgrdjt gumajklj bhr tcas Griy tjlckaqujs pueàlgtahk as Griy ukats gt tcj mavasahk `jvj` gkm ej`hw lhkmultakdH\AK] jxp`hatgtahk.

Mjbakjm tjris grj amjktabajm ak tcj tjxt. Mjbakatahks bhr wcalc tcas pueàlgtahk as tcj prhphkjkt grj praktjm ak

eh`mbglj. ]cjsj tjris gkm tcjar mjbakatahks wa`` ej aklhrphrgtjm akth tcj kjxt rjvasahk hb BI 7-?5. Bhr htcjr

mjbakatahks ak tcj tjxt, tcj tjri as atgàlazjm, gkm tcj kuiejr hb tcj prhphkjkt pueàlgtahk bh``hws tcj mjbakatahk.

]jris bhr wcalc tcas pueàlgtahk as tcj prhphkjkt grj akmalgtjm watc gk gstjrasn ak tcj d`hssgry.

‐H\AK] pjrshkkj`’ gppàjs th aktj`àdjklj gkm khkaktj`àdjklj Gltavj Griy, Griy Kgtahkg` Dugrm/Griy Kgtahkg`

Dugrm hb tcj Zkatjm \tgtjs, gkm Z.\. Griy Ujsjrvj pjrshkkj` wch jkdgdj ak iassahks akvh`vakd pueàl`y gvga`ge`j

akbhrigtahk gkm hpjk shurljs.

GU <37-7? mjbakjs g Z.\. pjrshk gs ”

G Z.\. latazjk.

G Z.\. pjrigkjkt rjsamjkt gàjk.

Gk ukaklhrphrgtjm gsshlagtahk suestgktag``y lhiphsjm hb Z.\. latazjks hr pjrigkjkt rjsamjkt gàjks.

G lhrphrgtahk hr suesamagry aklhrphrgtjm ak tcj Zkatjm \tgtjs tcgt as kht marjltjm hr lhktrh``jm ey

g bhrjadk dhvjrkijkt.

]cj bh``hwakd grj prjsuijm th ej khk-Z.\. pjrshks6

G pjrshk hr hrdgkazgtahk hutsamj hb tcj Zkatjm \tgtjs.

G pjrshk kht g latazjk hr pjrigkjkt rjsamjkt gàjk hb tcj Zkatjm \tgtjs.

]cj usj hr ijktahk hb tcj kgij hb gky lhiijrlag` hr pravgtj hrdgkazgtahk hr ats gsshlagtjm trgmjigrn hr sjrvaljs ey

tcj Griy mhjs kht jxprjss hr aip`y gk jkmhrsjijkt hb tcj sphkshr hr ats prhmults gkm sjrvaljs ey tcj Griy.

]cas pueàlgtahk gppàjs th tcj Gltavj Griy, tcj Griy Kgtahkg` Dugrm/Griy Kgtahkg` Dugrm hb tcj Zkatjm

\tgtjs, gkm tcj Z.\. Griy Ujsjrvj uk`jss htcjrwasj stgtjm.Cjgmqugrtjrs, Z.\. Griy ]rgakakd gkm Mhltrakj Lhiigkm, as tcj prhphkjkt bhr tcas pueàlgtahk. ]cj prjpgrakd

gdjkly as tcj Z.\. Griy Aktj`àdjklj Ljktjr hb Jxlj``jklj (Z\GALhJ), Bhrt Cuglculg, GV. \jkm wrattjk

lhiijkts gkm rjlhiijkmgtahks hk MG Bhri 5?53 (Ujlhiijkmjm Lcgkdjs th _ueàlgtahks gkm E`gkn Bhris)

marjlt`y th6 Lhiigkmjr, Z\GALhJ, G]]K6 G]V\-LMA-M (G]_ 5-55.1), ::? Laejquj \trjjt, Bhrt Cuglculg,

GV 3:27<-4?74.



7? Fu`y 5?75 G]_ 5-55.1 v

Aktrhmultahk

\aklj ejbhrj tcj gmvjkt hb tcj sgtj`àtj gkm htcjr gmvgkljm tjlckh`hdalg` ijgks hb dgtcjrakd akbhrigtahk,iaàtgry prhbjssahkg`s cgvj p`gkkjm, prjpgrjm, lh``jltjm, gkm prhmuljm aktj`àdjklj brhi pueàl`y gvga`ge`j

akbhrigtahk gkm hpjk shurljs th dgak nkhw`jmdj gkm ukmjrstgkmakd hb bhrjadk `gkms, pjhp`js, phtjktag`

tcrjgts, gkm griajs.

Hpjk shurljs phssjss iulc hb tcj akbhrigtahk kjjmjm th ukmjrstgkm tcj pcysalg` gkm cuigk bglthrs hb tcj

hpjrgtahkg` jkvarhkijkt hb ukabajm `gkm hpjrgtahks. _cysalg` gkm cuigk bglthrs hb g davjk hpjrgtahkg`

jkvarhkijkt lgk ej gmmrjssjm utaàzakd pueàl`y gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk th sgtasby akbhrigtahk gkm

aktj`àdjklj rjquarjijkts gkm prhvamj aklrjgsjm satugtahkg` gwgrjkjss aktjrrj`gtjm watc tcj gppàlgtahk hb

tjlckalg` hr l`gssabajm rjshurljs.

]cj whr`m as ejakd rjakvjktjm ey hpjk shurljs. _ueàl`y gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk lgk ej usjm ey g vgrajty hb

akmavamug`s th jxpgkm g erhgm spjltrui hb hefjltavjs. ]cj sadkabalgklj gkm rj`jvgklj hb hpjk-shurlj

aktj`àdjklj (H\AK]) sjrvj gs gk jlhkhiy hb bhrlj, prhvamj gk gmmatahkg` `jvjrgdj lgpgeaàty, gkm luj

tjlckalg` hr l`gssabajm gssjts th rjbakj gkm vgàmgtj ehtc akbhrigtahk gkm aktj`àdjklj.Gs gk aktj`àdjklj maslapàkj, H\AK] as fumdjm ey ats lhktraeutahk th tcj aktj`àdjklj wgrbadctakd bukltahk

ak supphrt hb htcjr wgrbadctakd bukltahks gkm ukabajm `gkm hpjrgtahks.



7? Fu`y 5?75 G]_ 5-55.1 7-7

Lcgptjr 7

Hpjk-\hurlj Aktj`àdjklj (H\AK]) Bukmgijktg`s

_ahkjjr gkm rjbhrigtavj marjltavjs `jm th tcj pgssakd hb `jdas`gtahk tcgt gbbjltjm tcj Z.\.aktj`àdjklj lhiiukaty gkm ats gppàlgtahk hb pueàl`y gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk. ]cj

Kgtahkg` \jluraty Glt hb 7115 ejdgk tcj rjbhrigtahk hb tcj Z.\. aktj` adjklj lhiiukaty

rjsu`takd ak tcj jstgeàscijkt hb tcj Hpjk \hurlj Hbbalj gkm suesjqujkt`y tcj Marjlthr hb Kgtahkg` Aktj` adjklj (MKA) Hpjk \hurlj Ljktjr (H\L) ak 5??:. ]cas lcgptjr mjslraejs

tcj bukmgijktg`s hb hpjk-shurlj aktj`àdjklj (H\AK]).

MJBAKA]AHK GKM ]JUI\7-7. Hpjk-shurlj aktj`àdjklj as tcj aktj`àdjklj maslapàkj tcgt pjrtgaks th aktj`àdjklj prhmuljm brhi

pueàl`y gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk tcgt as lh``jltjm, jxp`hatjm, gkm massjiakgtjm ak g taij`y igkkjr th gk

gpprhpragtj gumajklj bhr tcj purphsj hb gmmrjssakd g spjlabal aktj`àdjklj gkm akbhrigtahk rjquarjijkt

(BI 5-?). H\AK] g`sh gppàjs th tcj aktj`àdjklj prhmuljm ey tcgt maslapàkj.

7-5. H\AK] as g`sh aktj`àdjklj mjvj`hpjm brhi tcj hvjrt lh``jltahk gkm gkg`ysas hb pueàl`y gvga`ge`j gkm

hpjk-shurlj akbhrigtahk kht ukmjr tcj marjlt lhktrh` hb tcj Z.\. Dhvjrkijkt. H\AK] as mjravjm brhi tcj

systjigtal lh``jltahk, prhljssakd, gkm gkg`ysas hb pueàl`y gvga`ge`j, rj`jvgkt akbhrigtahk ak rjsphksj th

aktj`àdjklj rjquarjijkts. ]wh aiphrtgkt rj`gtjm tjris grj hpjk shurlj gkm pueàl`y gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk6

Hpjk shurlj as gky pjrshk hr drhup tcgt prhvamjs akbhrigtahk watchut tcj jxpjltgtahk hb

pravgly ““ tcj akbhrigtahk, tcj rj`gtahkscap, hr ehtc as kht prhtjltjm gdgakst pueàl masl`hsurj.

Hpjk-shurlj akbhrigtahk lgk ej pueàl`y gvga`ge`j eut kht g`` pueàl`y gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk as

hpjk shurlj. Hpjk shurljs rjbjr th pueàl`y gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk ijmaui gkm grj kht àiatjm th pcysalg pjrshks.

_ueàl`y gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk as mgtg, bglts, akstrultahks, hr htcjr igtjrag` pueàscjm hr

erhgmlgst bhr djkjrg` pueàl lhksuiptahk> gvga`ge`j hk rjqujst th g ijiejr hb tcj djkjrg`

pueàl> `gwbu``y sjjk hr cjgrm ey gky lgsug` hesjrvjr> hr igmj gvga`ge`j gt g ijjtakd hpjk th tcj

djkjrg` pueàl.

Khtj . G`` H\AK] hpjrgtahks lhkmultjm ey aktj`àdjklj pjrshkkj` iust lhip`y watc tcj `jdg`

rjstraltahks gs hutàkjm ak Jxjlutavj Hrmjr (JH) 75<<<, MHM :5=?.7-U, MHMM <77:.75,

F_ 5-?, gkm GU <37-7?.

7-<. H\AK] lh``jltahk as khrig``y gllhipàscjm tcrhudc ihkathrakd, mgtg-iakakd, gkm rjsjgrlc. Hpjk-

shurlj prhmultahk supphrts g``-shurlj aktj`àdjklj gkm tcj lhktakuakd gltavatajs hb tcj aktj`àdjklj prhljss

(djkjrgtj aktj`àdjklj nkhw`jmdj, gkg`yzj, gssjss, gkm massjiakgtj), gs prjslraejm ak BI 5-?. @anj htcjraktj`àdjklj maslapàkjs, H\AK] as mjvj`hpjm egsjm hk tcj lhiigkmjr‑s aktj`àdjklj rjquarjijkts.

LCGUGL]JUA\]AL\

7-=. ]cj bh``hwakd lcgrgltjrastals gmmrjss tcj rh`j hb H\AK] ak ukabajm `gkm hpjrgtahks6

_rhvamjs tcj bhukmgtahk. Hpjk-shurlj akbhrigtahk prhvamjs tcj igfhraty hb tcj kjljssgry

eglndrhukm akbhrigtahk hk gky grjg hb hpjrgtahks (GH). ]cas bhukmgtahk as hetgakjm tcrhudc



Lcgptjr 7

7-5 G]_ 5-55.1 7? Fu`y 5?75

hpjk-shurlj ijmag lhiphkjkts tcgt prhvamj whr`mvajw gwgrjkjss hb aktjrkgtahkg` jvjkts gkm

pjrljptahks hb khk-Z.\. shlajtajs. ]cas bhukmgtahk as gk jssjktag` pgrt hb tcj lhktakuakd gltavaty

hb djkjrgtj aktj`àdjklj nkhw`jmdj.

Gkswjrs rjquarjijkts. ]cj gvga`geaàty, mjptc, gkm rgkdj hb pueàl`y gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk

jkge`js hrdgkazgtahks th sgtasby aktj`àdjklj gkm akbhrigtahk rjquarjijkts watchut tcj usj hr

supphrt hb spjlagàzjm cuigk hr tjlckalg` ijgks hb lh``jltahk.

Jkcgkljs lh``jltahk. Hpjk-shurlj rjsjgrlc supphrts survja``gklj gkm rjlhkkgassgklj gltavatajs ey gkswjrakd aktj`àdjklj gkm akbhrigtahk rjquarjijkts. At g`sh prhvamjs akbhrigtahk (sulc gs

eahdrgpcajs, lu`turg` akbhrigtahk, djhspgtag` akbhrigtahk, gkm tjlckalg` mgtg) tcgt jkcgkljs gkm

usjs ihrj tjlckalg` ijgks hb lh``jltahk.

Jkcgkljs prhmultahk. Gs pgrt hb g iu`tamaslapàkj aktj`àdjklj jbbhrt, tcj usj gkm aktjdrgtahk hb

pueàl`y gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk gkm hpjk shurljs jksurj lhiigkmjrs cgvj tcj ejkjbat hb g``

shurljs hb gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk th ignj akbhrigtavj mjlasahks.

]CJ AK]J@@ADJKLJ TGUBADC]AKD BZKL]AHK

7-:. ]cj aktj`àdjklj wgrbadctakd bukltahk as lhiphsjm hb bhur mastaklt Griy tgltalg` tgsns (GU]s)6

Aktj`àdjklj supphrt th bhrlj djkjrgtahk (GU] 5.7).

\upphrt th satugtahkg` ukmjrstgkmakd (GU] 5.5).

_jrbhri aktj`àdjklj, survja``gklj, gkm rjlhkkgassgklj (GU] 5.<).

\upphrt th tgrdjtakd gkm akbhrigtahk supjrahraty (GU] 5.=).

7-2. ]cj aktj`àdjklj wgrbadctakd bukltahk as tcj rj`gtjm tgsns gkm systjis tcgt bglaàtgtj ukmjrstgkmakd hb

tcj hpjrgtahkg` jkvarhkijkt, jkjiy, tjrrgak, wjgtcjr, gkm lava` lhksamjrgtahks (BI 7-?5). Gs g lhktakuhus

prhljss, tcj aktj`àdjklj wgrbadctakd bukltahk akvh`vjs gkg`yzakd akbhrigtahk brhi g`` shurljs gkm

lhkmultakd hpjrgtahks th mjvj`hp tcj satugtahk. H\AK] supphrts jglc hb tcjsj GU]s.

7-4. _ueàl`y gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk as usjm th ”

\upphrt satugtahkg` ukmjrstgkmakd hb tcj tcrjgt gkm hpjrgtahkg` jkvarhkijkt.

Hetgak akbhrigtahk gehut tcrjgt lcgrgltjrastals, tjrrgak, wjgtcjr, gkm lava` lhksamjrgtahks.

Djkjrgtj aktj`àdjklj nkhw`jmdj ejbhrj rjljapt hb iassahk th prhvamj rj`jvgkt nkhw`jmdj hb tcj

hpjrgtahkg` jkvarhkijkt.

Ugpam`y prhvamj sullaklt gkswjrs th sgtasby tcj lhiigkmjr‑s aktj`àdjklj rjquarjijkts murakdaktj`àdjklj hvjrwgtlc.

Mjvj`hp g egsjàkj hb nkhw`jmdj gkm ukmjrstgkmakd lhkljrkakd phtjktag` tcrjgt gltahks hr

aktjktahks watcak spjlabal hpjrgtahkg` jkvarhkijkts ak supphrt hb tcj lhiigkmjr‑s hkdhakd

aktj`àdjklj rjquarjijkts.

Djkjrgtj aktj`àdjklj nkhw`jmdj gs tcj egsas bhr Griy aktjdrgtakd bukltahks sulc gs aktj`àdjklj

prjpgrgtahk hb tcj egtt`jbaj`m (A_E). A_E as mjsadkjm th supphrt tcj stgbb jstaigtj gkm tcj iaàtgry

mjlasahkignakd prhljss (IMI_). Ihst aktj`àdjklj rjquarjijkts grj djkjrgtjm gs g rjsu`t hb

tcj A_E prhljss gkm ats aktjrrj`gtahk watc IMI_.

\upphrt satugtahk mjvj`hpijkt ” g prhljss bhr gkg`yzakd akbhrigtahk gkm prhmulakd lurrjkt

aktj`àdjklj lhkljrkakd phrtahks hb tcj iassahk vgrage`js hb jkjiy, tjrrgak gkm wjgtcjr, gkm lava`

lhksamjrgtahks watcak tcj GH ejbhrj gkm murakd hpjrgtahks (sjj BI 5-?). \atugtahk

mjvj`hpijkt ”

Gssasts tcj D-5/\-5 ak mjtjriakakd tcrjgt aktjktahks gkm hefjltavjs.

Lhkbaris hr mjkajs lhursjs hb gltahk (LHGs).

_rhvamjs gk jstaigtj hb tcrjgt lhiegt jbbjltavjkjss.

\upphrt akbhrigtahk lh``jltahk. _`gkkakd rjquarjijkts gkm gssjssakd lh``jltahk gkg`yzjs

akbhrigtahk rjquarjijkts gkm aktj`àdjklj dgps gkm gssasts ak mjtjriakakd wcalc gssjt hr

lhieakgtahk hb gssjts grj th ej usjm th sgtasby tcj rjquarjijkts.




7? Fu`y 5?75 G]_ 5-55.1 7-<

7-3. Bhr ihrj mjtga`jm akbhrigtahk hk tcj aktj`àdjklj wgrbadctakd bukltahk, sjj BI 5-?. Bhr jxgip`js hb

chw H\AK] as usjm th supphrt htcjr aktj`àdjklj maslapàkjs gkm hpjrgtahkg` tgsns, sjj gppjkmax M.

]CJ AK]J@@ADJKLJ _UHLJ\\

7-1. ]cj aktj`àdjklj prhljss lhksasts hb bhur stjps (p`gk, prjpgrj, lh``jlt, gkm prhmulj) gkm bhur

lhktakuakd gltavatajs (gkg`yzj, djkjrgtj aktj`àdjklj nkhw`jmdj, gssjss, gkm massjiakgtj). Fust gs tcj

gltavatajs hb tcj hpjrgtahks prhljss (p`gk, prjpgrj, jxjlutj, gkm gssjss) hvjr`gp gkm rjlur gs tcj iassahk

mjigkms, sh mh tcj stjps hb tcj aktj`àdjklj prhljss. ]cj lhktakuakd gltavatajs hllur lhktakuhus`y

tcrhudchut tcj aktj`àdjklj prhljss gkm grj duamjm ey tcj lhiigkmjr‑s akput.

7-7?. ]cj bhur lhktakuakd gltavatajs pùs tcj lhiigkmjr‑s akput mravj, scgpj, gkm mjvj`hp tcj aktj`àdjklj

prhljss. ]cj aktj`àdjklj prhljss prhvamjs g lhiihk ihmj` bhr aktj`àdjklj prhbjssahkg`s th usj th duamj

tcjar tchudcts, maslussahks, p`gks, gkm gssjssijkts. ]cj aktj`àdjklj prhljss rjsu`ts ak nkhw`jmdj gkm

prhmults gehut tcj tcrjgt, tjrrgak gkm wjgtcjr, gkm lava` lhksamjrgtahks.

7-77. H\AK] jkcgkljs gkm supphrts tcj aktj`àdjklj prhljss gkm jkge`js tcj hpjrgtahks prhljss, gs

mjslraejm ak BI 5-?. ]cj aktj`àdjklj prhljss jkge`js tcj systjigtal jxjlutahk hb Griy H\AK]

jxp`hatgtahk, gs wj`` gs tcj aktjdrgtahk watc vgrahus hrdgkazgtahks (sulc gs fhakt, aktjrgdjkly,

aktjrdhvjrkijktg`, gkm iu`takgtahkg`). Badurj 7-7 a`ùstrgtjs tcj aktj`àdjklj prhljss. (Bhr ihrj akbhrigtahk

hk tcj aktj`àdjklj prhljss, sjj BI 5-?.)

Badurj 7-7. ]cj aktj`àdjklj prhljss



Lcgptjr 7

7-= G]_ 5-55.1 7? Fu`y 5?75

]CJ _@GKKAKD UJWZAUJIJK]\ GKM G\\J\\AKD LH@@JL]AHK

_UHLJ\\

7-75. Akbhrigtahk lh``jltahk akbhris mjlasahkignakd bhr tcj lhiigkmjr gkm jkge`js tcj gppàlgtahk hb

lhiegt phwjr gkm gssjssijkt hb ats jbbjlts. Akbhrigtahk lh``jltahk as gk gltavaty tcgt syklcrhkazjs gkm

aktjdrgtjs tcj p`gkkakd gkm hpjrgtahk hb sjkshrs, gssjts, gs wj`` gs tcj prhljssakd, jxp`hatgtahk, gkm

massjiakgtahk hb systjis ak marjlt supphrt hb lurrjkt gkm buturj hpjrgtahks (BI <-::). ]cas as gk aktjdrgtjmaktj`àdjklj gkm hpjrgtahks bukltahk. Bhr Griy bhrljs, tcas gltavaty as g lhieakjm gris hpjrgtahk tcgt

bhlusjs hk prahraty aktj`àdjklj rjquarjijkts (_AUs) wca`j gkswjrakd tcj lhiigkmjr‑s lratalg` akbhrigtahk

rjquarjijkts (LLAUs).

7-7<. Akbhrigtahk lh``jltjm brhi iu`tap`j shurljs gkm gkg`yzjm ejlhijs aktj`àdjklj tcgt prhvamjs

gkswjrs th lhiigkmjrs‑ akbhrigtahk rjquarjijkts lhkljrkakd tcj jkjiy gkm htcjr gmvjrsgrajs, làigtj,

wjgtcjr, tjrrgak, gkm phpu`gtahk. Mjvj`hpakd tcjsj rjquarjijkts as tcj bukltahk hb akbhrigtahk lh``jltahk6

G lhiigkmjr‑s lratalg` akbhrigtahk rjquarjijkt as gk akbhrigtahk rjquarjijkt amjktabajm ey tcj

lhiigkmjr gs ejakd lratalg` th bglaàtgtakd taij`y mjlasahkignakd. ]cj twh njy j`jijkts grj brajkm`y

bhrlj akbhrigtahk rjquarjijkts gkm prahraty aktj`àdjklj rjquarjijkts (F_ <-?).

G prahraty aktj`àdjklj rjquarjijkt as gk aktj`àdjklj rjquarjijkt, stgtjm gs g prahraty bhr

aktj`àdjklj supphrt, wcalc tcj lhiigkmjr gkm stgbb kjjm th ukmjrstgkm tcj gmvjrsgry hr tcj

hpjrgtahkg` jkvarhkijkt (F_ 5-?). G brajkm`y bhrlj akbhrigtahk rjquarjijkt as akbhrigtahk tcj lhiigkmjr gkm stgbb kjjm th

ukmjrstgkm tcj stgtus hb brajkm`y bhrlj gkm supphrtakd lgpgeaàtajs (F_ <-?).

7-7=. ]cj p`gkkakd rjquarjijkts gkm gssjssakd lh` jltahk prhljss akvh`vjs sax lhktakuhus, khkmaslrjtj

gltavatajs. ]cjsj gltavatajs gkm suehrmakgtj stjps grj kht kjljssgra`y sjqujktag` gkm hbtjk hvjr`gp. ]cj p`gkkakd

rjquarjijkts gkm gssjssakd lh``jltahk prhljss supphrts tcj stgbb p`gkkakd gkm hpjrgtahks prhljssjs tcrhudchut

ukabajm gkm hpjrgtahks.

]CJ IA@A]GUQ MJLA\AHKIGNAKD _UHLJ\\

7-7:. Zphk rjljapt hb tcj iassahk, lhiigkmjrs gkm stgbbs ejdak tcj IMI_. ]cj iaàtgry mjlasahkignakd

prhljss as gk atjrgtavj p`gkkakd ijtchmh`hdy tcgt aktjdrgtjs tcj gltavatajs hb tcj lhiigkmjr, stgbb, suehrmakgtj

cjgmqugrtjrs, gkm htcjr pgrtkjrs th ukmjrstgkm tcj satugtahk gkm iassahk> mjvj`hp gkm lhipgrj lhursjs hb

gltahk> mjlamj hk g lhursj hb gltahk tcgt ejst gllhipàscjs tcj iassahk> gkm prhmulj gk hpjrgtahk p`gk hrhrmjr bhr jxjlutahk (BI :-?).

7-72. Murakd tcj sjlhkm stjp hb tcj hb tcj IMI_, iassahk gkg`ysas, lhiigkmjrs gkm stgbbs gkg`yzj tcj

rj`gtahkscaps gihkd tcj iassahk vgrage`js ” iassahk, jkjiy, tjrrgak gkm wjgtcjr, trhhps gkm supphrt gvga`ge`j,

taij gvga`ge`j, lava` lhksamjrgtahks (IJ]]-]L) ” sjjnakd th dgak g drjgtjr ukmjrstgkmakd hb tcj ”

Hpjrgtahkg` jkvarhkijkt, aklùmakd jkjiajs gkm lava` lhksamjrgtahks.

Mjsarjm jkm stgtj hb tcj cadcjr cjgmqugrtjrs.

Iassahk gkm chw at as kjstjm watc tchsj hb tcj cadcjr cjgmqugrtjrs.

Bhrljs gkm rjshurljs gvga`ge`j th gllhipàsc tcj iassahk gkm gsshlagtjm tgsns.

7-74. Tatcak tcj IMI_, H\AK] gssasts ak jkgeàkd tcj p`gkkakd stgbb th upmgtj jstaigtjs gkm akatag`

gssjssijkts ey usakd pueàl`y gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk gkm hpjk shurljs. Igfhr aktj`àdjklj lhktraeutahks th

iassahk gkg`ysas hllur ejlgusj hb A_E. (Bhr ihrj akbhrigtahk hk tcj IMI_, sjj BI :-?.)

Khtj. Khkaktj`àdjklj stgbb lgk g`sh rjsjgrlc pueàl`y gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk th prjpgrj bukltahkg`

grjg-spjlabal jstaigtjs, pgpjrs, erajbakds, p`gks, gkm hrmjrs ak supphrt hb tcj IMI_.




7? Fu`y 5?75 G]_ 5-55.1 7-:

AK]J@@ADJKLJ _UJ_GUG]AHK HB ]CJ EG]]@JBAJ@M

7-73. Aktj àdjklj prjpgrgtahk hb tcj egtt jbaj m as g systjigtal prhljss hb gkg`yzakd gkm vasugàzakd tcj

phrtahks hb tcj iassahk vgrage`js hb tcrjgt, tjrrgak, wjgtcjr, gkm lava` lhksamjrgtahks ak g spjlabal grjg hb

aktjrjst gkm bhr g spjlabal iassahk. Ey gpp`yakd aktj`àdjklj prjpgrgtahk hb tcj egtt`jbaj`m, lhiigkmjrs dgak

tcj akbhrigtahk kjljssgry th sj`jltavj`y gpp`y gkm igxaiazj hpjrgtahkg` jbbjltavjkjss gt lratalg` phakts ak

taij gkm spglj (BI 5-?7.<).

7-71. A_E wgs hradakg``y mjsadkjm th supphrt tcj IMI_ gkm trhhp `jgmakd prhljmurjs, eut at lgk g`sh ej

aklhrphrgtjm akth htcjr prhe`ji-sh`vakd ihmj`s ànj mjsadk gkm rjm tjgiakd. H\AK] p`gys g sadkabalgkt gkm

aktjdrg` pgrt murakd A_E ak sgtasbyakd aktj`àdjklj gkm akbhrigtahk rjquarjijkts akmalgtjm murakd tcj

IMI_ ak supphrt hb ukabajm `gkm hpjrgtahks. ]cj akmalgthrs tcgt lgk ej sgtasbajm usakd H\AK] murakd A_E

aklùmj eut grj kht àiatjm th ”

_hpu`gtahk.

_rhpgdgkmg.

Lhiihmatajs.

Jkvarhkijkt.

7-5?. A_E as usjm praigra`y ey lhiigkmjrs gkm stgbbs gs g duamj th jvgùgtj spjlabal mgtgsjts ak hrmjr th

dgak gk ukmjrstgkmakd hb g mjbakjm hpjrgtahkg` jkvarhkijkt. _rahr th hpjrgtahks, gk jxgiakgtahk hb

kgtahkg`, iu`takgtahk pgrtkjr, fhakt, gkm cadcjr jlcj`hk mgtgegsjs as rjquarjm th mjtjriakj ab tcj akbhrigtahkrjqujstjm as g`rjgmy gvga`ge`j. Gs hpjrgtahks lhiijklj, kjw aktj`àdjklj gkm akbhrigtahk rjquarjijkts grj

burtcjr amjktabajm gs g rjsu`t hb egtt`jbaj`m lcgkdjs. _ueàl`y gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk gkm hpjk shurljs, wcjk

prhmuljm gkm prhpjr`y aktjdrgtjm ak supphrt hb tcj g``-shurlj aktj`àdjklj jbbhrt, lgk ej usjm th sgtasby

aktj`àdjklj gkm akbhrigtahk rjquarjijkts. (Bhr ihrj akbhrigtahk hk A_E gkm akmalgthrs, sjj BI 5-?7.<.)



7? Fu`y 5?75 G]_ 5-55.1 5-7

Lcgptjr 5

_`gkkakd gkm _rjpgrgtahk hb tcj H\AK] Iassahk

Marjlt`y hr akmarjlt`y, pueàl`y gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk gkm hpjk shurljs bhri tcjbhukmgtahk bhr g`` aktj`àdjklj wcjk lhkmultakd hpjrgtahks. ]cas bhukmgtahk lhijs brhihpjk-shurlj ijmag lhiphkjkts tcgt prhvamj whr`mvajw gwgrjkjss hb aktjrkgtahkg` jvjkts

gkm pjrljptahks hb khk-Z.\. shlajtajs. ]cas gwgrjkjss prhipts lhiigkmjrs th vasugàzjg p`gk. _`gkkakd hllurs wcjk aktj`àdjklj gkm akbhrigtahk rjquarjijkts grj amjktabajm

gkm ijgks grj mjvj`hpjm gs th chw tcjy wa`` ej sgtasbajm. Jbbjltavj H\AK] iassahk p`gkkakd gkm prjpgrgtahk grj lhkmultjm murakd tcj Griy bhrlj djkjrgtahk (GUBHUDJK)trgak/rjgmy bhrlj phh` th jkge`j tcj jgsj hb trgksatahk th lhiegt hpjrgtahks. (\jj BI 4-?bhr ihrj akbhrigtahk hk GUBHUDJK.)

\JL]AHK A “ _@GKKAKD H\AK] GL]ARA]AJ\

5-7. ]cj p`gk stjp hb tcj aktj`àdjklj prhljss lhksasts hb tcj gltavatajs tcgt amjktaby pjrtakjkt akbhrigtahk

rjquarjijkts gkm mjvj`hp tcj ijgks bhr sgtasbyakd tchsj rjquarjijkts gkm ijjtakd tcj lhiigkmjr‑s mjsarjm jkm

stgtj. Gs gk gspjlt hb aktj`àdjklj rjgmakjss, p`gkkakd bhr H\AK] jxp`hatgtahk ejdaks ejbhrj g ukat rjljavjs gk

hbbalag` hrmjr hr tgsnakd gs pgrt hb tcj djkjrgtj aktj`àdjklj nkhw`jmdj lhktakuakd gltavaty hb tcj aktj`àdjklj

prhljss.

5-5. ]cj bhlus hb H\AK] rjsjgrlc prahr th mjp`hyijkt as mjtjriakjm gkm marjltjm ey tcj lhiigkmjr‑s

duamgklj. \ustgakjm gkm prhgltavj hpjk-shurlj rjsjgrlc usakd egsal gkm gmvgkljm Aktjrkjt sjgrlc

tjlckaqujs p`gys g lratalg` rh`j ak ukmjrstgkmakd GHs tcrhudc bhukmgtahkg` nkhw`jmdj rjquarjm bhr ukat

rjgmakjss gkm jbbjltavj p`gkkakd. Ujsjgrlc murakd p`gkkakd bhr phssae`j iassahks prhvamjs aksadct akth chwkhktrgmatahkg` iaàtgry bhrljs, bhrjadk iaàtgry bhrljs, gkm trgkskgtahkg` tcrjgts cgvj hpjrgtjm ak saia`gr

GHs. _rahr th mjp`hyijkt, hrdgkazgtahks watc mjmalgtjm H\AK] iassahks lgk g`sh ej rjshurljm th sgtasby

aktj`àdjklj gkm akbhrigtahk rjquarjijkts. (\jj gppjkmax J.)

5-<. Gbtjr g ukat rjljavjs g iassahk, tcj bhlus hb H\AK] rjsjgrlc as burtcjr rjbakjm egsjm hk tcj GH ak wcalc

tcj ukat hpjrgtjs. H\AK] supphrts tcj lhktakuhus gssjssijkt hb ukabajm `gkm hpjrgtahks murakd p`gkkakd.

Jbbjltavj rjsjgrlc gkm p`gkkakd jksurj lhiigkmjrs rjljavj taij`y, rj`jvgkt, gkm gllurgtj aktj`àdjklj gkm

akbhrigtahk th gllhipàsc gssadkjm iassahks gkm tgsns. ]cj IMI_ gkm A_E mravjk ey tcj aktj`àdjklj prhljss

brgij tcj p`gkkakd hb H\AK] jxp`hatgtahk. H\AK] as aktjdrgtjm akth p`gkkakd tcrhudc tcj bhur stjps hb tcj A_E

prhljss6

Mjbakj tcj hpjrgtahkg` jkvarhkijkt.

Mjslraej jkvarhkijktg` jbbjlts hk hpjrgtahks.

Jvgùgtj tcj tcrjgt. Mjtjriakj tcrjgt LHGs.

MJBAKJ ]CJ H_JUG]AHKG@ JKRAUHKIJK]

5-=. Tcjk gssjssakd tcj lhkmatahks, larluistgkljs, gkm akbùjkljs ak tcj GH gkm grjg hb aktjrjst, tcj

aktj`àdjklj stgbb jxgiakjs g`` lcgrgltjrastals hb tcj hpjrgtahkg` jkvarhkijkt. ]cjrj grj prjjxastakd pueàl`y

gvga`ge`j akputs tcgt lgk ej usjm th amjktaby sadkabalgkt vgrage`js wcjk gkg`yzakd tcj tjrrgak, wjgtcjr, tcrjgt, gkm



Lcgptjr 5

5-5 G]_ 5-55.1 7? Fu`y 5?75

lava` lhksamjrgtahks. Gt tcj jkm hb stjp hkj hb tcj A_E prhljss, pueàl`y gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk gkm hpjk shurljs

lgk ej usjm th supphrt tcj mjvj`hpijkt hb tcj GH gssjssijkt gkm grjg hb aktjrjst gssjssijkt.

MJ\LUAEJ JKRAUHKIJK]G@ JBBJL]\ HK H_JUG]AHK\

5-:. Tcjk gkg`yzakd tcj jkvarhkijktg` jbbjlts hk tcrjgt gkm brajkm`y hpjrgtahks, pueàl`y gvga`ge`j

akbhrigtahk gkm hpjk shurljs lgk ej usjm th mjslraej tcj ”

_cysalg` jkvarhkijkt (tjrrjstrag`, gar, igrataij, spglj, gkm akbhrigtahk mhigaks).

Tjgtcjr.

Lava` lhksamjrgtahks.

]crjgt.

5-2. Lhieakj tcj jvgùgtahk hb tcj jbbjlts hb tjrrgak, wjgtcjr, gkm lava` lhksamjrgtahks akth g prhmult tcgt

ejst suats tcj lhiigkmjr‑s rjquarjijkts. Gt tcj jkm hb tcj sjlhkm stjp hb A_E, pueàl`y gvga`ge`j

akbhrigtahk gkm hpjk shurljs lgk ej usjm th ejttjr akbhri tcj lhiigkmjr hb phssae`j tcrjgt LHGs gkm

prhmults gkm gssjssijkts th supphrt tcj rjigakmjr hb tcj A_E prhljss.

JRG@ZG]J ]CJ ]CUJG]

5-4. \tjp tcrjj hb tcj A_E prhljss as th jvgùgtj jglc hb tcj sadkabalgkt tcrjgts ak tcj GH. Ab tcj stgbb bga`s

th mjtjriakj g`` tcj tcrjgt bgltahks akvh`vjm hr tcjar lgpgeaàtajs hr jquapijkt, hr th ukmjrstgkm tcjar

mhltrakj gkm tgltals, tjlckaqujs, gkm prhljmurjs (]]_), gs wj`` gs tcjar casthry, tcj stgbb wa`` `gln tcj

aktj`àdjklj kjjmjm bhr p`gkkakd. Gt tcj jkm hb stjp tcrjj hb A_E, pueàl`y gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk gkm hpjk

shurljs lgk prhvamj tcj igfhraty hb tcj akbhrigtahk rjquarjm th amjktaby tcrjgt lcgrgltjrastals, gs wj`` gs

prhvamj phssae`j akbhrigtahk kjjmjm th upmgtj tcrjgt ihmj`s.

MJ]JUIAKJ ]CUJG] LHZU\J\ HB GL]AHK

5-3. \tjp bhur hb tcj A_E prhljss as th amjktaby, mjvj`hp, gkm mjtjriakj ànj`y tcrjgt LHGs tcgt lgk

akbùjklj gllhipàscijkt hb tcj brajkm`y iassahk. ]cj jkm stgtj hb stjp bhur as th rjpàlgtj tcj sjt hb LHGs

gvga`ge`j th tcj tcrjgt lhiigkmjr gkm th amjktaby tchsj grjgs gkm gltavatajs tcgt, wcjk hesjrvjm, masljrk

wcalc LHG tcj tcrjgt lhiigkmjr cgs lchsjk. Gt tcj jkm hb stjp bhur hb A_E, pueàl`y gvga`ge`j

akbhrigtahk gkm hpjk shurljs lgk ej usjm th mjtjriakj akmalgthrs gmhptjm ey tcj tcrjgt lhiigkmjr.

\JL]AHK AA “ _UJ_GUG]AHK HB H\AK] GL]ARA]AJ\

5-1. ]cj rjàgklj hk l`gssabajm mgtgegsjs cgs hbtjk `jbt \h`majrs ukakbhrijm gkm a``-prjpgrjm th lgpatgàzj

hk tcj cudj rjsjrvhar hb ukl`gssabajm akbhrigtahk brhi pueàl`y gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk gkm hpjk shurljs, gs

tcj bh``hwakd quhtj mjslraejs6

H\AK] wgs bgar`y kjw th us gkm hklj tcj tjri wgs ukmjrsthhm wj p`gljm g sadkg`s

aktj`àdjklj gkg`yst ak lcgrdj hb H\AK]. Gt tcj tgltalg` `jvj`, at sjjijm th ej jbbjltavj

gbtjr tcj bglt. ]cjrj wjrj tcrjj sulljssbu` gttglns gdgakst lhgàtahk bhrljs garlrgbt ak g

spjlabal grjg. Tj lhu`mk‑t badurj hut tcj ‐chw’ gkm :Ts ^ wch, wcgt, wcjk, wcjrj, wcyY

eut hur H\AK] gkg`yst bhukm g mhwkjm garlrgbt vamjh hk tcj Aktjrkjt tcgt cj`pjm us

amjktaby tcj akdrjss gkm jdrjss rhutjs usjm murakd tcj gttgln tcgt `jm th g ‐kh b`y’ grjg

gkm sulljssbu` grjg mjkag` iassahks ak hur grjg hb hpjrgtahk.

G``-\hurlj Aktj`àdjklj Gkg`yst, Lhiegt Gvagtahk EradgmjHpjrgtahk Argqa Brjjmhi 5??3-5??1,




7? Fu`y 5?75 G]_ 5-55.1 5-<

H\AK] JS_@HA]G]AHK

5-7?. Tcjk prjpgrakd th lhkmult H\AK] jxp`hatgtahk, tcj grjgs praigra`y bhlusjm hk grj ”

_ueàl spjgnakd bhruis.

_ueàl mhluijkts.

_ueàl erhgmlgsts.

Aktjrkjt Tje satjs.

_ZE@AL \_JGNAKD BHUZI\

5-77. Glquarakd akbhrigtahk gt pueàl spjgnakd bhruis rjquarjs l`hsj lhhrmakgtahk th jksurj tcgt gky hvjrt

glquasatahk as aktjdrgtjm gkm syklcrhkazjm watc tcj akbhrigtahk lh``jltahk p`gk gkm mhjs kht vah`gtj `gws

prhcaeatakd tcj ukgutchrazjm lh``jltakd hb akbhrigtahk bhr aktj`àdjklj purphsjs. (\jj gppjkmax G bhr

burtcjr akbhrigtahk hk Z.\. pjrshks.)

5-75. Ejbhrj dgtcjrakd H\AK] akbhrigtahk gt pueàl spjgnakd bhruis ”

Lhhrmakgtj watc njy stgbb sjltahks, sulc gs tcj D-5S/\-5S, D-4/\-4, D-1/\-1, pueàl gbbgars

hbbaljr (_GH), gkm stgbb fumdj gmvhlgtj (\FG), prahr th lhkmultakd survja``gklj.

Amjktaby gmmatahkg` bhrlj prhtjltahk pjrshkkj` gkm jquapijkt rjquarjijkts.

Amjktaby tcj prhljmurj bhr jip`gljijkt gkm rjlhvjry hb gumah gkm vamjh prhljssakd jquapijkt.5-7<. ]cj hpjrgtahk hrmjr (H_HUM), ]]_, hr ukat stgkmgrm hpjrgtakd prhljmurjs (\H_s) schu`m mjslraej

chw tcj ukat tcgt as tgsnjm watc tcj pueàl spjgnakd bhrui iassahk rjqujsts, g``hlgtjs, gkm igkgdjs bukms

th purlcgsj madatg` lgijrg gkm gumah rjlhrmakd jquapijkt g`hkd watc tcj lhiputjr cgrmwgrj gkm shbtwgrj

th p`gy gkm sthrj vamjh-rj`gtjm mgtg.

_ZE@AL MHLZIJK]\

5-7=. Hrdgkazgtahks watcak gk GH lhkmult mhluijkt lh``jltahk iassahks. Hklj lh``jltjm, mhluijkts grj

gkg`yzjm gkm tcj akbhrigtahk as massjiakgtjm tcrhudchut tcj aktj`àdjklj lhiiukaty. Ejbhrj jxjlutakd gky

H\AK] jxp`hatgtahk rj`gtjm th lh``jltakd pueàl mhluijkts, at as aiphrtgkt th ”

Lhhrmakgtj mhluijkt lh``jltahk, prhljssakd, gkm gkg`ysas gltavatajs glrhss jlcj`hks.

Amjktaby tcj prhljmurj th mjp`hy, igaktgak, rjlhvjr, gkm trgksbjr cgrmlhpy, gkg`hd, gkm madatg`

ijmag prhljssakd gkm lhiiukalgtahks jquapijkt. Amjktaby glgmjial gkm lhiijrlag`-hbb-tcj-scj`b (LH]\) akbhrigtahk sjrvaljs tcgt grj g`rjgmy

gvga`ge`j bhr hpjk-shurlj glquasatahk, prhljssakd, gkm prhmultahk.

5-7:. ]cj H_HUM, ]]_, hr ukat \H_s schu`m mjslraej chw tcj ukat rjqujsts, g``hlgtjs, gkm igkgdjs bukms

bhr ”

Mhluijkt lh``jltahk gkm prhljssakd sjrvaljs.

_urlcgsakd ehhns, maltahkgrajs, aigdjs, igps, kjwspgpjrs, pjrahmalg`s, rjlhrmjm gumah gkm vamjh

atjis, lhiputjr cgrmwgrj, madatg` lgijrgs, gkm slgkkakd jquapijkt.

]cj lhst hb sueslraeakd th kjwspgpjrs, pjrahmalg`s, gkm htcjr rjgmge`j igtjrag`s.

5-72. Bhr ihrj mjtga`jm akbhrigtahk hk pueàl mhluijkts gkm mhluijkt jxp`hatgtahk, sjj ]L 5-17.3.

_ZE@AL EUHGMLG\]\ 5-74. ]cj MKA H\L lh``jlts, prhljssjs, gkm rjphrts aktjrkgtahkg` gkm rjdahkg` erhgmlgsts. ]cas jkge`js

mjp`hyjm hrdgkazgtahks th lh``jlt gkm prhljss akbhrigtahk brhi `hlg` erhgmlgsts tcgt grj hb lhiigkm

aktjrjst. Ejbhrj jxp`hatakd H\AK] rj`gtjm th pueàl erhgmlgsts, at as aiphrtgkt th ”

Lhhrmakgtj erhgmlgst lh``jltahk, prhljssakd, gkm prhmultahk gltavatajs watc tchsj hb tcj H\L.

Amjktaby tcj prhljmurj th mjp`hy, igaktgak, rjlhvjr, gkm trgksbjr rgmah gkm tj`jvasahk madatg`

ijmag sthrgdj mjvaljs gkm lhktjkt prhljssakd gkm lhiiukalgtahks systjis.



Lcgptjr 5

5-= G]_ 5-55.1 7? Fu`y 5?75

Amjktaby Aktjrkjt lh``jltahk gkm prhljssakd rjshurljs th lh``jlt hk tj`jvasahk hr rgmah stgtahk-

spjlabal Tje lgsts.

5-73. ]cj H_HUM, ukat \H_s, hr ]]_ schu`m mjslraej chw tcj ukat tgsnjm watc pueàl erhgmlgst iassahks

rjqujsts, g``hlgtjs, gkm igkgdjs bukms th purlcgsj gktjkkg gkm lhiputjr jquapijkt, iglcakj trgks`gtahk

sjrvaljs hr shbtwgrj, gkm sueslraejs th rjdahkg` gkm aktjrkgtahkg` sgtj`àtj rgmah gkm tj`jvasahk erhgmlgst

sjrvalj prhvamjrs.

AK]JUKJ] TJE \A]J\

5-71. Akbhrigtahk lh``jltjm, prhljssjm, gkm prhmuljm brhi Aktjrkjt Tje satjs supphrts ukabajm `gkm

hpjrgtahks. Ejbhrj jxp`hatakd H\AK] rj`gtjm th Aktjrkjt Tje satjs ”

Lhhrmakgtj Aktjrkjt lh``jltahk, prhljssakd, gkm gkg`ysas gltavatajs glrhss jlcj`hks.

Amjktaby tcj prhljmurj th mjp`hy, igaktgak, rjlhvjr, gkm trgksbjr lhiputjrs gkm gsshlagtjm

lhiiukalgtahks gkm mgtg sthrgdj systjis.

Lhhrmakgtj watc D-2/\-2 bhr glljss th tcj AK]J@AKN-Z kjtwhrn hr gpprhvjm lhiijrlag`

Aktjrkjt sjrvalj prhvamjrs tcgt supphrt hpjk-shurlj glquasatahk, prhljssakd, sthrgdj, gkm

massjiakgtahk rjquarjijkts.

Lhhrmakgtj watc D-2/\-2 th mjvj`hp g àst hb gutchrazjm Z.\. gkm khk-Z.\. Aktjrkjt Tje satjs bhr

hbbalag` dhvjrkijkt usj, hpjk-shurlj rjsjgrlc, gkm khk-Z.\. Aktjrkjt Tje satjs rjstraltjm th

sj`jltjm gutchrazjm pjrshkkj` jkdgdjm ak H\AK] jxp`hatgtahk.

Amjktaby glgmjial gkm LH]\ akbhrigtahk sjrvaljs tcgt grj g`rjgmy gvga`ge`j bhr hpjk-shurlj

akbhrigtahk glquasatahk, prhljssakd, gkm prhmultahk.

5-5?. ]cj H_HUM, ukat \H_s, hr ]]_ schu`m mjslraej chw tcj ukat tgsnjm watc Aktjrkjt rjsjgrlc iassahks

rjqujsts, g``hlgtjs, gkm igkgdjs bukms th purlcgsj madatazjm mhluijkts, djhspgtag` akbhrigtahk, lhiputjr

cgrmwgrj gkm shbtwgrj gppàlgtahks, gs wj`` gky sueslraptahks th glgmjial gkm lhiijrlag` hkàkj

mgtgegsjs, kjwspgpjrs, pjrahmalg`s, gkm rjbjrjkljs.

_UJ_GUG]AHK LHK\AMJUG]AHK\

5-57. _rjpgrakd bhr H\AK] jxp`hatgtahk g`sh aklùmjs ”

Jstgeàscakd gk H\AK] grlcatjlturj.

_rahratazakd tgsns gkm rjqujsts. ]gsn-hrdgkazakd gssjts.

Mjp`hyakd gssjts.

Gssjssakd lhip`jtjm hpjrgtahks.

J\]GE@A\CAKD GK H\AK] GULCA]JL]ZUJ

5-55. H\AK] lhktraeutjs th jstgeàscakd gk aktj`àdjklj grlcatjlturj, spjlabalg``y GU] 5.5.5, Jstgeàsc

Aktj`àdjklj Grlcatjlturj. Jstgeàscakd gk aktj`àdjklj grlcatjlturj lhiprasjs lhip`jx gkm tjlckalg` assujs

tcgt aklùmj sjkshrs, mgtg b`hw, cgrmwgrj, shbtwgrj, lhiiukalgtahks, lhiiukalgtahks sjluraty igtjrag`s,

kjtwhrn l`gssabalgtahk, tjlckalagks, mgtgegsj glljss, àgashk hbbaljrs, trgakakd, gkm bukmakd. G wj``-mjbakjm

gkm -mjsadkjm aktj`àdjklj grlcatjlturj lgk hbbsjt hr iatadgtj strulturg`, hrdgkazgtahkg`, hr pjrshkkj`

àiatgtahks. ]cas grlcatjlturj prhvamjs tcj ejst phssae`j ukmjrstgkmakd hb tcj tcrjgt, tjrrgak gkm wjgtcjr,

gkm lava` lhksamjrgtahks. Gk jstgeàscjm H\AK] grlcatjlturj aklhrphrgtjs mgtg b`hw, cgrmwgrj, shbtwgrj,lhiiukalgtahks sjluraty lhiphkjkts, gkm mgtgegsjs tcgt aklùmj ”

Lhkmultakd aktj`àdjklj rjglc. Aktj` adjklj rjglc as g prhljss ey wcalc aktj`àdjklj hrdgkazgtahks

prhgltavj`y gkm rgpam`y glljss akbhrigtahk brhi, rjljavj supphrt brhi, gkm lhkmult marjlt

lh``gehrgtahk gkm akbhrigtahk scgrakd watc htcjr ukats gkm gdjklajs, ehtc watcak gkm hutsamj tcj grjg

hb hpjrgtahks, uklhkstrgakjm ey djhdrgpcal prhxaiaty, jlcj`hk, hr lhiigkm (BI 5-?).

Mjvj`hpakd gkm igaktgakakd guthigtjm aktj`àdjklj kjtwhrns. ]cas tgsn jktga`s prhvamakd

akbhrigtahk systjis tcgt lhkkjlt gssjts, ukats, jlcj`hks, gdjklajs, gkm iu`takgtahkg` pgrtkjrs bhr




7? Fu`y 5?75 G]_ 5-55.1 5-:

aktj`àdjklj, lh``gehrgtavj gkg`ysas gkm prhmultahk, massjiakgtahk, gkm aktj`àdjklj rjglc. At usjs

jxastakd guthigtjm akbhrigtahk systjis, gkm, wcjk kjljssgry, lrjgtjs hpjrgtahkg``y spjlabal

kjtwhrns.

Jstgeàscakd gkm igaktgakakd glljss. ]cas tgsn jktga`s jstgeàscakd, prhvamakd, gkm igaktgakakd

glljss th l`gssabajm gkm ukl`gssabajm prhdrgis, mgtgegsjs, kjtwhrns, systjis, gkm htcjr Tje-egsjm

lh``gehrgtavj jkvarhkijkts bhr Griy bhrljs, fhakt bhrljs, kgtahkg` gdjklajs, gkm iu`takgtahkg`

hrdgkazgtahks. Lrjgtakd gkm igaktgakakd mgtgegsjs. ]cas tgsn jktga`s lrjgtakd gkm igaktgakakd ukl`gssabajm gkm

l`gssabajm mgtgegsjs. Ats purphsj as th jstgeàsc aktjrhpjrge`j gkm lh``gehrgtavj jkvarhkijkts bhr Griy

bhrljs, fhakt bhrljs, kgtahkg` gdjklajs, gkm iu`takgtahkg` hrdgkazgtahks. ]cas tgsn bglaàtgtjs

aktj`àdjklj gkg`ysas, rjphrtakd, prhmultahk, massjiakgtahk, sustgakijkt, gkm aktj`àdjklj rjglc.

Hpjrgtahkg` gkm ]jlckalg` Hpjk-\hurlj Mgtgegsjs

5-5<. H\AK] jxp`hatgtahk rjquarjs glljss th mgtgegsjs gkm Aktjrkjt lgpgeaàtajs th bglaàtgtj prhljssakd,

sthrgdj, rjtrajvg`, gkm jxlcgkdj hb pueàl`y gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk. ]cjsj mgtgegsjs grj rjsamjkt hk `hlg`

grjg kjtwhrns (@GKs), tcj Thr`m Tamj Tje (TTT), gkm tcj Mjjp Tje (sjj gppjkmax L bhr gmmatahkg`

akbhrigtahk). ]h supphrt ukabajm `gkm hpjrgtahks, H\AK] pjrshkkj` usj jvgùgtjm gkm gkg`yzjm pueàl`y

gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk gkm hpjk shurljs th phpu`gtj akbhrigtahk mgtgegsjs sulc gs ”

Hpjrgtahkg` akbhrigtahk mgtgegsjs, wcalc supphrt tcj lhrrj`gtahk hb hrmjrs, rjqujsts,

lh``jltahk stgtusjs, prhljssakd rjshurljs, gkm drgpcals.

]jlckalg` akbhrigtahk mgtgegsjs, wcalc supphrt lh``jltahk hpjrgtahks gkm lhksast hb

ukprhljssjm tjxt, gumah ba`js, vamjh ba`js, trgks`gtahks, gkm trgkslrapts.

Hpjk-\hurlj Lh``jltahk Glquasatahk Ujquarjijkt “ Igkgdjijkt \ystji

5-5=. ]cj praigry hpjk-shurlj rjquarjijkts igkgdjijkt hpjrgtahkg` akbhrigtahk gkm tjlckalg`

akbhrigtahk mgtgegsj as tcj Hpjk-shurlj Lh``jltahk Glquasatahk Ujquarjijkt-Igkgdjijkt \ystji

(H\LGU-I\). H\LGU-I\ as g Tje-egsjm sjrvalj sphkshrjm ey tcj Hbbalj hb tcj Gssastgkt Mjputy

Marjlthr hb Kgtahkg` Aktj`àdjklj bhr Hpjk \hurlj (GMMKA/H\) th prhvamj tcj Kgtahkg` Hpjk \hurlj

Jktjrprasj (KH\J) watc gk gppàlgtahk bhr igkgdakd hpjk-shurlj lh``jltahk rjquarjijkts. H\LGU-I\

àkns H\AK] prhvamjrs gkm lhksuijrs watcak tcj aktj`àdjklj lhiiukaty mhwk th tcj eradgmj lhiegt tjgi

(EL]) `jvj`. _jrshkkj` gt tcj EL] `jvj` glljss H\LGU-I\ vag tcj \JLUJ] Aktjrkjt _rhthlh` Uhutjr

Kjtwhrn (\A_UKJ]) ak hrmjr th sueiat rjqujsts bhr akbhrigtahk th tcj Mjpgrtijkt hb tcj GriyAktj`àdjklj Akbhrigtahk \jrvaljs (MG AA\) rjqujst bhr akbhrigtahk phrtg`. ]cj dhg` hb tcj H\LGU-I\ as

th guthigtj gkm strjgiàkj gm chl hpjk-shurlj lh``jltahk rjquarjijkts ey ”

_rhvamakd usjbu` ijtrals th ukmjrstgkm H\AK] rjquarjijkts.

G``hwakd tcj madatg` akmjxakd gkm tgddakd hb sueiattjm gkm lhip`jtjm hpjk-shurlj prhmults th ej

sjgrlcge j ak tcj @aergry hb Kgtahkg` Aktj`àdjklj.

_rhvamakd bhr `hlg` lhktrh` hb gmiakastrgtavj mgtg sulc gs ukat gllhukt igkgdjijkt, `hlg` mgtg tge`js,

gkm hlg` bhrigts.

G``hwakd saip`j gkm b`jxae`j bhrigts tcgt jip`hy mgtgegsj guth-phpu`gtahk.

Zsakd lhip`jtj Jkdàsc akstjgm hb glrhkyis, lhiputjr lhmjs, gkm htcjr khkaktuatavj schrtluts.

G``hwakd akngdjs ejtwjjk rjquarjijkts, prhmults, gkm jvgùgtahks.

Jkgeàkd aktjdrgtahk hb hpjk-shurlj usjrs bhr lh``gehrgtahk ejtwjjk gdjklajs.

Ujmulakd rjquarjijkt mupàlgtahk tcrhudc lusthijrs marjlt`y lhktraeutakd th jxastakd rjquarjijkts.

5-5:. Bhr ihrj mjtga`jm akbhrigtahk hk H\LGU-I\ hr th sueiat H\AK] rjquarjijkts, lhktglt tcj Z.\. Griy

Aktj`àdjklj gkm \jluraty Lhiigkm (AK\LHI) MG AA\ gt cttps6//www.aktjàkn.dhv/scgrjphakt/mjbgu`t.gspx.



Lcgptjr 5

5-2 G]_ 5-55.1 7? Fu`y 5?75

_UAHUA]AVAKD ]G\N\ GKM U JWZJ\]\

5-52. ]cj D-5/\-5 gkm D-</\-< stgbbs usj lhiigkmjr duamgklj gkm praigry aktj`àdjklj rjquarjijkts th

lhip`jtj tcj akbhrigtahk lh``jltahk p`gk. ]cj p`gk as usjm th gssadk tgsns th suehrmakgtj ukats hr sueiat rjqujsts

th supphrtakd aktj`àdjklj hrdgkazgtahks th glcajvj tcj mjsarjm akbhrigtahk lh``jltahk hefjltavjs. Jiehmajm ak tcj

akbhrigtahk lh``jltahk p`gk, tcjsj tgsns mjslraej chw tcj ukat ““

Ujqujsts lh``jltahk gkm prhmultahk supphrt brhi fhakt, aktjrgdjkly, aktjrdhvjrkijktg`, gkm

iu`takgtahkg` hrdgkazgtahks.

]gsn-hrdgkazjs gkm mjp`hys hrdgkal, gttglcjm, gkm lhktrgltjm lh``jltahk, prhljssakd, gkm prhmultahk

gssjts.

Lhkmults rjihtj, spàt-egsjm, hr mastraeutjm lh``jltahk, prhljssakd, gkm prhmultahk.

Ujqujsts gkm igkgdjs Z.\. gkm khk-Z.\. àkduasts egsjm hk prahraty bhr supphrt, iassahk-spjlabal

sna``s, nkhw`jmdj rjquarjijkts (sulc gs `gkdugdj, mag`jlt, gkm sna`` `jvj`), l`jgrgklj `jvj`, gkm

lgtjdhry.

5-54. Tcjk mjvj`hpakd akbhrigtahk lh``jltahk tgsns bhr suehrmakgtj ukats, tcj D-5/\-5 gkm D-</\-< stgbbs

usj tcj tgsn gkm purphsj lhkstrult bhr mjvj`hpakd tgsn stgtjijkts th gllhukt bhr ”

Tch as th jxjlutj tcj tgsn8

Tcgt as tcj tgsn8

Tcjk wa`` tcj tgsn ejdak8 Tcjrj wa`` tcj tgsn hllur8

]G\N -HUDGKAVAKD G\\J]\

5-53. Tatc tcj jxljptahk hb tcj Gsagk \tumajs Mjtglcijkt (G\M) tcgt igaktgaks gk hrdgkal tge`j hb

mastraeutahk gkm g``hwgkljs (]MG) watc tcj dhvjrkijkt hb Fgpgk ak supphrt hb Z.\. _glabal Lhiigkm

(Z\_GLHI), tcj Griy mhjs kht cgvj g ]MG hr egsj tge`j hb hrdgkazgtahk gkm jquapijkt bhr H\AK]

pjrshkkj` hr ukats wcjk prjpgrakd th lhkmult H\AK] jxp`hatgtahk.

MJ_@HQAKD G\\J]\

5-51. Mjp`hyijkt hb pueàl`y gvga`ge`j gssjts ”

\upphrts tcj slcjij hb igkjuvjr.

\upphrts tcj lhiigkmjr‑s aktjkt.

Lhipàjs watc ukat \H_s.

5-<?. ]cj mjp`hyijkt hb gssjts djkjrg``y rjquarjs g sjlurj phsatahk, watc kjtwhrn lhkkjltavaty th tcj

Aktjrkjt, ak prhxaiaty th supphrtakd sustgakijkt, prhtjltahk, gkm lhiiukalgtahks rjshurljs.

G\\J\\AKD LHI_@J]JM H_JUG]AHK\

5-<7. ]ypalg` duamjàkjs usjm th gssjss hpjrgtahks grj ”

Ihkathrakd hpjrgtahks.

Lhrrj`gtakd gkm slrjjkakd rjphrts.

Massjiakgtakd gkm prhvamakd g bjjmegln ijlcgkasi.

Lujakd.

5-<5. \jj pgrgdrgpc 5-24 bhr gk jxp`gkgtahk hb tcjsj duamjàkjs.




7? Fu`y 5?75 G]_ 5-55.1 5-4

\JL]AHK AAA “ _@GKKAKD GKM _UJ_GUG]AHK LHK\AMJUG]AHK\

5-<<. _`gkkakd gkm prjpgrgtahk lhksamjrgtahks wcjk p`gkkakd bhr H\AK] jxp`hatgtahk aklùmj ”

Hpjk-shurlj rjàgeaàty.

Hpjk-shurlj akbhrigtahk lhktjkt lrjmaeaàty.

Lhipàgklj.

Hpjrgtahks sjluraty (H_\JL).

L`gssabalgtahk.

Lhhrmakgtahk.

Mjljptahk gkm eags.

Lhpyradct gkm aktj``jltug` prhpjrty.

@akduast rjquarjijkts.

Iglcakj bhrjadk `gkdugdj trgks`gtahk (IB@]) systjis.

H_JK-\HZULJ UJ@AGEA@A]Q

5-<=. ]cj typjs hb shurljs usjm th jvgùgtj akbhrigtahk grj ”

_raigry shurljs.

\jlhkmgry shurljs.

5-<:. G praigry shurlj rjbjrs th g mhluijkt hr pcysalg` hefjlt tcgt wgs wrattjk hr lrjgtjm murakd tcj taij

ukmjr stumy. ]cjsj shurljs grj prjsjkt murakd gk jxpjrajklj hr taij pjrahm gkm hbbjr gk aksamj vajw hb g

pgrtalu`gr jvjkt. _raigry shurljs ”

Grj djkjrg``y lgtjdhrazjm ey lhktjkt.

As jatcjr pueàl hr pravgtj.

As g`sh rjbjrrjm th gs gk hradakg` shurlj hr jvamjklj.

Ak bglt, grj usug``y brgdijktgry, gieaduhus, gkm mabbalu`t th gkg`yzj. ]cj akbhrigtahk lhktgakjm

ak praigry shurljs as g`sh suefjlt th hesh`jtj ijgkakds hb bgiaàgr whrms.

5-<2. \hij typjs hb praigry shurljs aklùmj ”

Hradakg` mhluijkts (jxljrpts hr trgks`gtahks) sulc gs magrajs, lhkstatutahks, rjsjgrlc fhurkg`s,

spjjlcjs, igkuslrapts, `jttjrs, hrg` aktjrvajws, kjws baì bhhtgdj, gutheahdrgpcajs, gkm hbbalag`rjlhrms.

Lrjgtavj whrns sulc gs phjtry, mrgig, khvj`s, iusal, gkm grt.

Ujàls hr grtabglts sulc gs phttjry, burkaturj, l`htcakd, grtabglts, gkm eua`makds.

_jrshkg` kgrrgtavjs gkm ijihars.

_jrshk hb marjlt nkhw`jmdj.

5-<4. G sjlhkmgry shurlj aktjrprjts, gkg`yzjs, latjs, gkm eua`ms uphk praigry shurljs. \jlhkmgry shurljs

igy lhktgak palturjs, quhtjs, hr drgpcals brhi praigry shurljs. \hij typjs hb sjlhkmgry shurljs aklùmj

pueàlgtahks sulc gs ”

Fhurkg`s tcgt aktjrprjt bakmakds. Casthrajs.

]jxtehhns. Lratalasis.

Igdgzakj grtal`js.

Jklyl`hpjmags.

Lhiijktgrajs.

Khtj. _raigry gkm sjlhkmgry shurljs grj hbtjktaijs mabbalu`t th mastakduasc gs ehtc grj suefjltavj

ak kgturj. _raigry shurljs grj kht kjljssgra`y ihrj hb gk gutchraty hr ejttjr tcgk sjlhkmgry

shurljs. Bhr gky shurlj, praigry hr sjlhkmgry, at as aiphrtgkt bhr H\AK] pjrshkkj` th jvgùgtj

tcj rjphrt bhr mjljptahk gkm eags.



Lcgptjr 5

5-3 G]_ 5-55.1 7? Fu`y 5?75

5-<3. Hpjk-shurlj rjàgeaàty rgtakds rgkdj brhi G (rjàge`j) th B (lgkkht ej fumdjm) gs schwk ak tge`j 5-7. G

barst-taij shurlj usjm ak tcj lrjgtahk hb H\AK] as davjk g shurlj rgtakd hb B. Gk B rgtakd mhjs kht ijgk tcj

shurlj as ukrjàge`j, eut H\AK] pjrshkkj` cgvj kh prjvahus jxpjrajklj watc tcj shurlj uphk wcalc th egsj g

mjtjriakgtahk.

]ge`j 5-7. Hpjk-shurlj rjàgeaàty rgtakds

G Ujàge`jKh mhuet hb gutcjktalaty, trustwhrtcakjss, hr lhipjtjkly> cgs g casthry hblhip`jtj rjàgeaàty.

EZsug` `y

rjàge`j

Iakhr mhuet gehut gutcjktalaty, trustwhrtcakjss, hr lhipjtjkly> cgs g casthry hb

vgàm akbhrigtahk ihst hb tcj taij.

L Bgar`y rjàge`jMhuet hb gutcjktalaty, trustwhrtcakjss, hr lhipjtjkly, eut cgs prhvamjm vgàmakbhrigtahk ak tcj pgst.

MKht usug` `y

rjàge`j

\adkabalgkt mhuet gehut gutcjktalaty, trustwhrtcakjss, hr lhipjtjkly, eut cgsprhvamjm vgàm akbhrigtahk ak tcj pgst.

J Zkrjàge`j@glnakd gutcjktalaty, trustwhrtcakjss, gkm lhipjtjkly> casthry hb akvgàmakbhrigtahk.

BLgkkht ej

fu mdjmKh egsas jxasts bhr jvgùgtakd tcj rjàgeaàty hb tcj shurlj.

H_JK-\HZULJ AKBHUIG]AHK LHK]JK] LUJMAEA@A]Q5-<1. \aia`gr th hpjk-shurlj rjàgeaàty, lrjmaeaàty rgtakds rgkdj brhi hkj (lhkbarijm) th jadct (lgkkht ej

fumdjm) gs schwk ak tge`j 5-5. Ab tcj akbhrigtahk as rjljavjm brhi g barst-taij shurlj, at as davjk g rgtakd hb

jadct gkm, ànj tcj rjàgeaàty rgtakds slg`j, mhjs kht ijgk tcj akbhrigtahk as kht lrjmae`j eut tcgt H\AK]

pjrshkkj` cgvj kh ijgks th vjraby tcj akbhrigtahk.

]ge`j 5-5. Hpjk-shurlj lhktjkt lrjmaeaàty rgtakds

7 Lhkb arijmLhkbarijm ey htcjr akmjpjkmjkt shurljs> `hdalg` ak atsj`b> lhksastjkt watc htcjrakbhrigtahk hk tcj suefjlt.

5 _rhege`y t ruj Kht lhkbarijm> `hdalg` ak atsj`b> lhksastjkt watc htcjr akbhrigtahk hk tcj suefjlt.

< _hssae`y t rujKht lhkbarijm> rjgshkge`y `hdalg` ak atsj`b> gdrjjs watc shij htcjr akbhrigtahkhk tcj suefjlt.

= Mhuet bu` `y t ruj Kht lhkbarijm> phssae`j eut kht `hdalg`> kh htcjr akbhrigtahk hk tcj suefjlt.

: Aiprhege`jKht lhkbarijm> kht `hdalg` ak atsj`b> lhktrgmaltjm ey htcjr akbhrigtahk hk tcj

suefjlt.

2 Iasakbhrigt ahkZkaktjktahkg``y bg`sj> kht `hdalg` ak atsj`b> lhktrgmaltjm ey htcjr akbhrigtahk hktcj suefjlt> lhkbarijm ey htcjr akmjpjkmjkt shurljs.

4 Mjljpt ahkMjàejrgtj`y bg`sj> lhktrgmaltjm ey htcjr akbhrigtahk hk tcj suefjlt> lhkbarijmey htcjr akmjpjkmjkt shurljs.

3Lgkkht ej

fumdjmKh egsas jxasts bhr jvgùgtakd tcj vgàmaty hb tcj akbhrigtahk.

LHI_@AGKLJ

5-=?. Ak gllhrmgklj watc JH 75<<<, MHM :5=?.7-U, gkm GU <37-7?, prhljmurj 5, Griy aktj`àdjklj gltavatajs

igy lh``jlt pueàl`y gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk hk Z.\. pjrshks hk`y wcjk at as kjljssgry th bu`ba`` gk gssadkjmbukltahk. (Bhr ihrj akbhrigtahk hk aktj`àdjklj hvjrsadct, sjj gppjkmax G.)

H_JUG]AHK\ \JLZUA]Q

5-=7. H\AK] lhu`m ukaktjktahkg``y prhvamj prjsjkt gkm buturj akmalgthrs hb Z.\. iaàtgry hpjrgtahks.

Akbhrigtahk djkjrg``y gvga`ge`j th tcj pueàl lgk rjvjg` tcj jxastjklj hb, gkm shijtaijs mjtga`s gehut l`gssabajm

hr sjksatavj akbhrigtahk tcgt lgk ej usjm th kjutrgàzj hr jxp`hat iaàtgry hpjrgtahks. Aktj`àdjklj hrdgkazgtahks




7? Fu`y 5?75 G]_ 5-55.1 5-1

iust mjtjriakj tcj `jvj` hb lhktglt watc hpjk shurljs gkm tcj lh``jltahk hr glquasatahk tjlckaquj tcgt lhu`m

gbbjlt Griy hpjrgtahks.

L@G\\ABALG]AHK

5-=5. GU <3?-: stgtjs tcgt aktj`àdjklj prhmuljrs ‐iust ej wgry hb gpp`yakd sh iulc sjluraty tcgt tcjy grj

ukge`j th prhvamj g usjbu` prhmult th lhksuijrs.’ ]cas as gk gpprhpragtj wgrkakd bhr H\AK] pjrshkkj`

wcjrj lhkljrk bhr H_\JL lgk ukmjriakj tcj geaàty th massjiakgtj akcjrjkt`y ukl`gssabajm akbhrigtahk.

Jxgip`js hb ukl`gssabajm akbhrigtahk ejakd hvjr-l`gssabajm grj ”

Ujphrtjm akbhrigtahk bhukm ak g bhrjadk kjwspgpjr.

Ijssgdj brhi g bhrjadk hbbalag` gttjkmakd gk aktjrkgtahkg` lhkbjrjklj.

5-=<. GU <3?-: marjlts tcgt Griy pjrshkkj` wa`` kht gpp`y l`gssabalgtahk hr htcjr sjluraty igrnakds th gk

grtal`j hr phrtahk hb gk grtal`j tcgt cgs gppjgrjm ak g kjwspgpjr, igdgzakj, hr htcjr pueàl ijmaui. Bakg`

gkg`ysas hb H\AK] igy rjquarj gmmatahkg` rjstraltahks gkm ej mjjijm lhktrh``jm ukl`gssabajm akbhrigtahk hr

sjksatavj eut ukl`gssabajm akbhrigtahk.

LHHUMAKG]AHK

5-==. Murakd p`gkkakd, tcj D-5/\-5 gkm D-</\-< stgbb iust jksurj tcgt H\AK] iassahks gkm tgsns grj

syklcrhkazjm watc tcj slcjij hb igkjuvjr. Glquarakd hpjk-shurlj akbhrigtahk igy lhiprhiasj tcjhpjrgtahks hb htcjr aktj`àdjklj maslapàkjs hr tgltalg` ukats. Hpjk-shurlj glquasatahk tcgt as kht

syklcrhkazjm igy g`sh rjsu`t ak tcj tgsnakd hb iu`tap`j gssjts gkm tcj aiprhpjr utaàzgtahk hb bhrljs gkm

jquapijkt, gmvjrsj`y gbbjltakd tcj geaàty hb khkaktj`àdjklj hrdgkazgtahks, sulc gs lava` gbbgars, iaàtgry

phàlj, gkm pueàl gbbgars, th gllhipàsc gssadkjm iassahks gkm tgsns. Lhkvjrsj`y, hvjrt lhktglt watc gk

hpjk shurlj ey khkaktj`àdjklj hrdgkazgtahks lgk lhiprhiasj H\AK] iassahks gkm tgsns gkm `jgm th tcj

`hss hb aktj`àdjklj.

MJLJ_]AHK GKM EAG\

5-=:. Mjljptahk gkm eags as g lhkljrk ak H\AK] jxp`hatgtahk. H\AK] jxp`hatgtahk mhjs kht khrig``y

glquarj akbhrigtahk ey marjlt hesjrvgtahk hb gltavatajs gkm lhkmatahks watcak tcj GH. H\AK] jxp`hatgtahk

rjàjs igak`y hk sjlhkmgry shurljs th glquarj gkm massjiakgtj akbhrigtahk. \jlhkmgry shurljs, sulc gs

dhvjrkijkt prjss hbbaljs, lhiijrlag` kjws hrdgkazgtahks, gkm khkdhvjrkijktg` hrdgkazgtahkssphnjspjrshks, lgk aktjktahkg``y hr ukaktjktahkg``y gmm, mj`jtj, ihmaby, hr htcjrwasj ba`tjr tcj akbhrigtahk

igmj th tcj djkjrg` pueàl. ]cjsj shurljs igy g`sh lhkvjy hkj ijssgdj ak Jkdàsc watc tcj aktjkt th swgy

Z.\. hr aktjrkgtahkg` pjrspjltavjs gkm g mabbjrjkt khk-Jkdàsc ijssgdj bhr `hlg` phpu`glj lhksuiptahk. At as

aiphrtgkt th nkhw tcj eglndrhukm hb hpjk shurljs gkm tcj purphsj hb tcj pueàl akbhrigtahk ak hrmjr th

mastakduasc hefjltavjs, bgltug` akbhrigtahk, amjktaby eags, hr cadcàdct mjljptahk jbbhrts gdgakst tcj rjgmjr

gkm tcj hvjrg`` hpjrgtahk.

LH_QUADC] GKM AK]J@@JL]ZG@ _UH_JU]Q

5-=2. Lhpyradct as g bhri hb prhtjltahk, bhr pueàscjm gkm ukpueàscjm whrns, prhvamjm ey ]at`j 74, Zkatjm

\tgtjs Lhmj (Z\L), th gutchrs hb ‐hradakg` whrns hb gutchrscap,’ aklùmakd àtjrgry, mrgigtal, iusalg`, gkm

grtastal whrns. Aktj``jltug` prhpjrty as lhksamjrjm gky lrjgtahk hb tcj iakm gkm aklùmjs, eut as kht aiatjm th ”

Iusalg` whrns gkm lhiphsatahks.

Grtastal masp`gys.

Maslhvjrajs.

Akvjktahks.

Thrms hr pcrgsjs.

\yieh`s gkm mjsadks.



Lcgptjr 5

5-7? G]_ 5-55.1 7? Fu`y 5?75

5-=4. At as a``jdg` th vah`gtj tcj radcts prhvamjm ey tcj lhpyradct `gw th tcj hwkjr hb lhpyradct. Hkj igfhr

àiatgtahk as tcj mhltrakj hb bgar usj, wcalc as davjk g stgtuthry egsas ak \jltahk 7?4 hb tcj 7142 Lhpyradct

Glt. Gllhrmakd th tcj Z.\. Lhpyradct Hbbalj, ‐bgar usj’ hb g lhpyra dctjm whrn bhr purphsjs sulc gs

lratalasi, lhiijkt, kjws rjphrtakd, tjglcakd, slch`grscap, hr rjsjgrlc as kht gk akbrakdjijkt hb lhpyradct.

]cj bhur bglthrs ak mjtjriakakd bgar usj grj tcj ”

_urphsj gkm lcgrgltjr hb tcj usj.

Kgturj hb tcj lhpyradctjm whrn. Gihukt gkm suestgktagàty hb tcj phrtahk usjm ak rj`gtahk th tcj lhpyradctjm whrn gs g wch`j.

Jbbjlt hb tcj usj uphk tcj phtjktag` igrnjt bhr hr vgùj hb tcj lhpyradctjm whrn.

5-=3. GU 54-2? prjslraejs phàlajs gkm prhljmurjs bhr tcj glquasatahk, prhtjltahk, trgksbjr, pgtjkt usgdj,

lhpyradcts, gkm trgmjigrns hb aktj``jltug` prhpjrty. Griy phàly rjlhdkazjs tcj radcts hb lhpyradct hwkjrs

lhksastjkt watc Griy iassahks gkm whr`mwamj lhiiatijkts. H\AK] pjrshkkj` wa`` kht prhmulj hr

mastraeutj lhpyradctjm whrns watchut tcj pjriassahk hb tcj lhpyradct hwkjr uk`jss sulc usj as gutchrazjm

ukmjr Z.\. lhpyradct `gw. ]cjrj as g`sh g rjquarjijkt bhr H\AK] pjrshkkj` th bhrwgrm th tcj \jrvalj \FG

bhr gpprhvg` gkm wgavjr hb khtalj th tcj lhpyradct ch`mjr, ab kjljssgry, bhr H_\JL. (Bhr ihrj akbhrigtahk

hk lhpyradct `gws gkm gppàlgeaàty, sjj tcj Aktjrkgtahkg` Lhpyradct Uj`gtahks hb tcj Zkatjm \tgtjs gt

cttp6//www.lhpyradct.dhv hr tcj `hlg` \FG hbbalj.)

@AKDZA\] UJWZAUJIJK]\5-=1. ]cj geaàty th dgtcjr gkm gkg`yzj bhrjadk igtjrag`s as lratalg` ak H\AK] jxp`hatgtahk. ]cj jbbjltavj

usj gkm jip`hyijkt hb àkduasts, ehtc lavaàgk gkm iaàtgry, bglaàtgtjs tcas gltavaty. ]cj grjgs hb tcj cadcjst

lratalgàty hb rjquarjm bhrjadk `gkdugdj sna``s gkm nkhw`jmdj prhbalajkly grj ”

]rgkslraptahk. Ehtc àstjkakd gkm wratakd prhbalajkly ak tcj shurlj `gkdugdj grj jssjktag` bhr gk

gllurgtj trgkslrapt. G trgkslrapt as jxtrjij`y aiphrtgkt wcjk Jkdàsc `gkdugdj sna``s hb tcj

H\AK] pjrshkkj` grj akgmjqugtj bhr gutchratgtavj hr marjlt trgks`gtahk brhi gumah hr vamjh akth

Jkdàsc tjxt.

]rgks`gtahk. Eaàkdug` lhipjtjklj as g prjrjquasatj bhr trgks`gtahks. @akduasts iust ej ge`j th ”

Ujgm gkm lhiprjcjkm tcj shurlj `gkdugdj.

Tratj lhiprjcjksae`y ak Jkdàsc.

Lchhsj tcj jquavg`jkt jxprjssahk ak Jkdàsc tcgt bu``y lhkvjys gkm ejst igtlcjs tcj

ijgkakd aktjkmjm ak tcj shurlj `gkdugdj. Aktjrprjtgtahk. Eaàkdug` lhipjtjklj as g prjrjquasatj bhr aktjrprjtgtahk. @akduasts iust ej ge`j

th ”

Cjgr gkm lhiprjcjkm tcj shurlj `gkdugdj.

\pjgn lhiprjcjksae`y ak Jkdàsc.

Lchhsj tcj jquavg`jkt jxprjssahk ak Jkdàsc tcgt bu``y lhkvjys gkm ejst igtlcjs tcj

ijgkakd aktjkmjm ak tcj shurlj `gkdugdj.

Khtj. Aktjrprjtgtahk as g spjlabal sna`` ak wcalc kht g`` àkduasts grj trgakjm.

5-:?. ]h jbbjltavj`y p`gk gkm jip`hy àkduasts, lhiigkmjrs gkm stgbbs iust ukmjrstgkm tcj Griy àkduast

prhbalajkly jvgùgtahk systji. Jvgùgtahk gkm rjjvgùtahk hb àkduast prhbalajkly as lhvjrjm ak mjtga` ak

GU 77-2, lcgptjr :. @gkdugdj tjstakd as rjquarjm bhr g`` Griy pjrshkkj`, ak g `gkdugdj-mjpjkmjkt iaàtgryhllupgtahkg` spjlag`ty (IH\) hr Griy hllupgtahkg` lhmj (GHL), wch cgvj rjljavjm bhrjadk `gkdugdj

trgakakd. Htcjr Griy pjrshkkj` wch cgvj nkhw`jmdj hb g bhrjadk `gkdugdj grj jklhurgdjm th tgnj tcj

prhbalajkly tjst gkm igy whrn gs àkduasts.

5-:7. ]cj Griy usjs tcj Mjbjksj @gkdugdj _rhbalajkly ]jst (M@_]) th ijgsurj tcj prhbalajkly `jvj` ak g

spjlabal `gkdugdj. ]cj M@_] as gk akmalgtahk hb bhrjadk `gkdugdj lgpgeaàty, eut at as kht tcj mjbakatavj

jvgùgtahk hb gk akmavamug`‑s geaàty th pjrbhri àkduast supphrt.




7? Fu`y 5?75 G]_ 5-55.1 5-77

5-:5. ]cj Griy usjs Aktjrgdjkly @gkdugdj Uhukmtge`j (A@U) mjslraptahks hb tcj prhbalajkly `jvj`s bhr tcj

sna``s hb spjgnakd, àstjkakd, rjgmakd, gkm wratakd g bhrjadk `gkdugdj. Mjtga`jm mjslraptahks hb tcjsj `jvj`s

grj gvga`ge`j gt cttp6//www.dhvta`r.hrd. ]cj pùs-`jvj` mjsadkgthrs, schwk gs g ‐+’ syieh`, grj usjm th

mjsadkgtj wcjk g àkduast as gehvj g egsj `jvj`, eut kht yjt th tcj lgpgeaàty hb tcj kjxt `jvj`. ]cj sax egsj

`jvj`s hb prhbalajkly gs jstgeàscjm ey tcj M@_] grj ”

@jvj` ? (kh prhbalajkly). ]cj \h`majr cgs kh bukltahkg` bhrjadk `gkdugdj geaàty. @jvj` ?+ as tcj

iakaiui stgkmgrm bhr spjlag`-bhrljs pjrshkkj` gkm akmalgtjs g ijihrazjm prhbalajkly hk`y. @jvj` 7 (j`jijktgry prhbalajkly). ]cj \h`majr cgs àiatjm lhktrh` hb tcj bhrjadk `gkdugdj sna``

grjg th ijjt àiatjm prgltalg` kjjms gkm j`jijktgry bhrjadk `gkdugdj rjquarjijkts.

@jvj` 5 (àiatjm whrnakd prhbalajkly). ]cj àkduast as subbalajkt`y sna``jm th ej ge`j th sgtasby

rhutakj bhrjadk `gkdugdj mjigkms gkm àiatjm whrn rjquarjijkts.

@jvj` < (djkjrg` prhbjssahkg` prhbalajkly).]cj akduast as lgpge`j hb pjrbhriakd ihst djkjrg`,

tjlckalg`, bhrig`, gkm akbhrig` bhrjadk `gkdugdj tgsns hk g prgltalg`, shlag`, gkm prhbjssahkg` `jvj`.

@jvj` = (gmvgkljm prhbjssahkg` prhbalajkly). ]cj àkduast as lgpge`j hb pjrbhriakd gmvgkljm

prhbjssahkg` bhrjadk `gkdugdj tgsns bùjkt`y gkm gllurgtj`y hk g`` `jvj`s.

@jvj` : (bukltahkg``y kgtavj prhbalajkly). ]cj àkduast as bukltahkg``y jquavg`jkt th gk

grtalu`gtj gkm wj``-jmulgtjm kgtavj ak g`` bhrjadk `gkdugdj sna``s> tcj àkduast rjb`jlts tcj lu`turg`

stgkmgrms hb tcj lhuktry wcjrj tcj bhrjadk `gkdugdj as kgtavj`y sphnjk.

5-:<. ]cj gehvj prhbalajkly egsj `jvj`s mjsadkgtj prhbalajkly ak gky hb tcj bhur `gkdugdj sna``s ” astjkakd,rjgmakd, spjgnakd, gkm wratakd. ]cj M@_] hk`y jvgùgtjs rjgmakd gkm àstjkakd sna``s (bhr jxgip`j, 5+/<, hr

</7+). Lurrjkt`y, tcjsj tjsts mh kht jvgùgtj àkduasts gehvj tcj <-prhbalajkly `jvj`. ]cj lurrjkt Griy

stgkmgrm th ej lhksamjrjm g qugàbajm àkduast as g `jvj` 5. Hrg` prhbalajkly aktjrvajws jvgùgtj spjgnakd

prhbalajkly gkm igy ej usjm th prhvamj g àstjkakd slhrj. ]cjsj aktjrvajws igy prhvamj gk jvgùgtahk g``

tcj wgy up th tcj :-prhbalajkly `jvj`.

5-:=. G`hkd watc prhbalajkly gkm bùjkly, H\AK] pjrshkkj` iust lhksamjr tcj eagsjs gkm lu`turg` eglndrhukms

hb lavaàgk aktjrprjtjrs wcjk gkg`yzakd khk-Jkdàsc hpjk-shurlj akbhrigtahk. Tcjk p`gkkakd th utaàzj àkduasts,

lhiigkmjrs iust amjktaby rjquarjijkts ey lgtjdhry. @akduast slrjjkakd lgtjdhrajs grj ”

Lgtjdhry A. @akduasts iust gt `jgst cgvj gmvgkljm prhbjssahkg` prhbalajkly ak tcj tgrdjt `gkdugdj, g

`jvj` = gs ijgsurjm ey tcj A@U gkm djkjrg` whrnakd prhbalajkly (A@U 5+) ak Jkdàsc. ]cjy igy ej

`hlg``y carjm hr brhi g rjdahk hutsamj tcj GH. ]cjy mh kht rjquarj g sjluraty l`jgrgklj.

Lgtjdhry AA. @akduasts grj Z.\. latazjks drgktjm glljss th g \jlrjt l`jgrgklj ey tcj mjsadkgtjm Z.\.

Dhvjrkijkt pjrshkkj` sjluraty gutchraty. ]cjy iust gt `jgst cgvj gmvgkljm prhbjssahkg` prhbalajkly

ak tcj tgrdjt gkdugdj (A@U =) gkm djkjrg` whrnakd prhbalajkly (A@U 5+) ak Jkdàsc.

Lgtjdhry AAA. @akduasts grj Z.\. latazjks drgktjm ]hp \jlrjt (]\)/\jksatavj Lhipgrtijktjm

Akbhrigtahk (\LA) hr gk aktjrai ]\/\LA l`jgrgklj ey tcj mjsadkgtjm Z.\. Dhvjrkijkt pjrshkkj`

sjluraty gutchraty. ]cjy iust ijjt g iakaiui hb A@U < ak ehtc tcj tgrdjt `gkdugdj gkm Jkdàsc.

IGLCAKJ BHUJADK @GKDZGDJ ]UGK\@G]AHK \Q\]JI\

5-::. Mjvj`hpakd g rjàge`j gkm prhbalajkt àkduast rjquarjs g drjgt mjg` hb taij, ehtc bhr trgakakd gkm dgakakd

jxpjrajklj. ]cas jxtjkmjm taijàkj hbtjk rjsu`ts ak schrtgdjs hb àkduast pjrshkkj`. ]h ba`` pjrshkkj` vglgklajs

tcrhudchut Griy ukats gkm th ijjt `gkdugdj rjquarjijkts gkm mjigkms, IB@] systjis grj usjm. Tcjk

jip`hyjm prhpjr`y, IB@] systjis lgk prhvamj gk aklrjgsjm lgpgeaàty bhr trgks`gtahk ak supphrt hb ukabajm

`gkm hpjrgtahks.

5-:2. Ujàge`j IB@] lgpgeaàty jxasts th trgks`gtj ijmag erhgmlgsts akth Jkdàsc gkm tcjrj as rjgma`y gvga`ge`j

shbtwgrj th trgks`gtj Aktjrkjt shurljs akth Jkdàsc gs wj``. ]cjrj grj àiatjm spjjlc-th-spjjlc (\5\)

lgpgeaàtajs ak usj.



Lcgptjr 5

5-75 G]_ 5-55.1 7? Fu`y 5?75

BHUJADK IJMAG IHKA]HUAKD

5-:4. Ijmag ihkathrakd systjis ànj tcj EEK Erhgmlgst Ihkathrakd \ystji℥ (EI\℥) lrjgtj g lhktakuhus

sjgrlcge`j grlcavj hb aktjrkgtahkg` tj`jvasahk erhgmlgsts. ]cjsj systjis guthigtalg``y trgkslraej tcj rjg`-taij

gumah strjgi gkm trgks`gtj at akth Jkdàsc. Ehtc tcj trgkslrapt gkm trgks`gtahk grj sjgrlcge`j gkm syklcrhkazjm th

tcj vamjh, prhvamakd phwjrbu` lgpgeaàtajs bhr jbbjltavj rjtrajvg` gkm prjlasj p`gyegln hb tcj vamjh egsjm hk ats

spjjlc lhktjkt. Tatc tcas systji, aktj`àdjklj gkg`ysts lgk sabt tcrhudc vgst lh``jltahks hb kjws lhktjkt ak htcjr

`gkdugdjs qualn`y gkm jbbalajkt`y.

5-:3. ]cjsj systjis prhvamj rjg`-taij trgkslraptahk gkm trgks`gtahk hb erhgmlgst tj`jvasahk kjws, g``hwakd

Jkdàsc spjgnjrs th rgpam`y tragdj khk-Jkdàsc tj`jvasahk lhktjkt, ej g`jrtjm wcjk kjw lhktjkt tcgt igtlcjs g

prhba j as lgpturjm ey tcj systji, gkm whrn l hsj y watc cuigk àkduasts gkm lu`turg` jxpjrts th lrjgtj gltahkge`j

cadc-qugàty trgks`gtahks hb jxtrgltjm lhktjkt.

5-:1. ]cj aktjrbglj g``hws usjrs th qualn`y sjgrlc bhr spjlabal sphnjk lhktjkt ak tcj vamjh grlcavj tcrhudc

njywhrm qujrajs ak Jkdàsc hr tcj shurlj `gkdugdj. \jgrlc tjris grj cadcàdctjm ak tcj rjsu`ts, wcalc schw gk

aigdj tcuiekga`, tcj trgkslrapt sjdijkt ak tcj hradakg` `gkdugdj, gkm gk Jkdàsc trgks`gtahk. Làlnakd hk g rjsu`t

ejdaks p gyegln hb tcj sjdijkt.

5-2?. Zsjrs aktjrglt watc tcj systji brhi gky pjrshkg` lhiputjr (_L) hr `gpthp vag g lhiihk cadc-spjjm

Aktjrkjt lhkkjltahk. ]cj hk`y rjquarjm làjkt shbtwgrj as Ialrhshbt® Aktjrkjt Jxp`hrjr gkm Takmhws Ijmag®

_`gyjr.

5-27. ]cj EEK EI\℥ lhktakuhus`y lgpturjs, jklhmjs, gkg`yzjs, gkm sthrjs àvj vamjh strjgis ak gk

guthigtalg``y igaktgakjm, mykgial lglcj lhktgakakd <? mgys hb rjlhrmjm gumah hr vamjh. Gs tcj vamjh p`gys

egln, tcj systji cadc adcts tcj sphnjk whrms ak ehtc tcj hradakg` `gkdugdj gkm tcj trgks`gtahk. ]cj trgkslrapt as

jkralcjm ey cadcàdctakd tcj kgijs hb pjhp`j, `hlgtahks, gkm hrdgkazgtahks, gkm ey sjpgrgtakd tcj spjgnjrs ak tcj

gumah ba`j. Zsjrs lgk fuip th gky phakt ak tcj lglcj gkm ejdak p`gyegln.

5-25. Zsjrs lgk jxtrglt vamjh sjdijkts hr sta`` pchths bhr scgrakd, prjsjktgtahk, gkm lh``gehrgtahk.

Mjihkstrgtahk lhipglt masls (LMs) lhktgak jxtrgltjm sjdijkts tcgt prjsjrvj tcj cadcàdctakd gkm

syklcrhkazgtahk hb vamjh, trgkslrapt, gkm trgks`gtahk murakd p`gyegln.

5-2<. ]cj EEK EI\℥ lurrjkt`y trgks`gtjs”

Ihmjrk \tgkmgrm Grgeal.

Igkmgrak Lcakjsj.

Tjstjrk Cjiaspcjrj \pgkasc.

_jrsagk Bgrsa.

Khrtc Gijralgk Jkdàsc.

Zkatjm Nakdmhi Jkdàsc.

Brjklc.

Egcgsg Akmhkjsagk.

Cakma.

Zrmu.

5-2=. ]cj EEK EI\℥ mhjs kht rjquarj gky cgrmwgrj sjtup, shbtwgrj akstg``gtahk, hr hksatj gmiakastrgtahk

hr igaktjkgklj ey tcj lusthijr.

\_JJLC-]H-\_JJLC 5-2:. Griy gkm Igrakj ukats lhktakuj th gttjipt th aktjdrgtj gvga`ge`j LH]\ \5\ trgks`gtahk mjvaljs akth

prjmjp`hyijkt trgakakd gkm iaàtgry hpjrgtahks wca`j mjp`hyjm. ]cj praigry tgltalg` usj bhr tcjsj mjvaljs

cgs ejjk `gkdugdj trgks`gtahk watcak sjluraty hpjrgtahks lhkmultjm ak gkm gihkd g djkjrg` phpu`gtahk hb

khk-Jkdàsc spjgnakd pjhp`j.




7? Fu`y 5?75 G]_ 5-55.1 5-7<

\JL]AHK AR “ IGKKAKD ]CJ H\AK] \JL]AHK

5-22. H\AK] pjrshkkj` tcgt lhiprasj tcj H\AK] sjltahk watcak tcj aktj`àdjklj stgbb sjltahk lgk lhksast hb

ehtc aktj`àdjklj gkm khkaktj`àdjklj akmavamug`s watc tcj tjlckalg` lhipjtjklj, lrjgtavaty, bhrjtchudct,

lu`turg` nkhw`jmdj, gkm shlag` gwgrjkjss th jxp`hat hpjk shurljs jbbjltavj`y. ]cj mjsadkgtahk hb H\AK]

pjrshkkj` th sgtasby rjquarjijkts, iassahks, gkm tgsns as djkjrg``y amjktabajm ey lhiigkmjrs gkm tgsn-

hrdgkazjm tcrhudc hrdgkal gssjts (aktj`àdjklj pjrshkkj`, khkaktj`àdjklj pjrshkkj`, Z.\. gkm khk-Z.\.lhktrglthr pjrshkkj`, hr àkduasts) ak supphrt hb ukabajm `gkm hpjrgtahks.

H\AK] \JL]AHK MZ]AJ\

5-24. ]cj mutajs hb tcj H\AK] sjltahk grj th ”

Ihkathr hpjrgtahks. ]cas jksurjs rjsphksavjkjss th tcj lurrjkt satugtahk gkm th gktalapgtj buturj

glquasatahk, prhljssakd, rjphrtakd, gkm syklcrhkazgtahk rjquarjijkts.

Lhrrj`gtj rjphrts. Ujphrts (wrattjk, vjreg``y, hr drgpcalg``y) schu`m lhrrj`gtj l`gssabajm rjphrts

tcrhudc H\AK] vgàmgtahk.

\lrjjk rjphrts. Akbhrigtahk as slrjjkjm ak gllhrmgklj watc tcj LLAUs gkm lhiigkmjr‑s

duamgklj th jksurj tcgt pjrtakjkt gkm rj`jvgkt akbhrigtahk as kht hvjr`hhnjm gkm tcj akbhrigtahk

as rjmuljm th g whrnge`j sazj. \lrjjkakd schu`m jklhipgss tcj j`jijkts hb taijàkjss,

lhip`jtjkjss, gkm rj`jvgklj th sgtasby aktj`àdjklj rjquarjijkts. Massjiakgtj aktj`àdjklj gkm akbhrigtahk. \gtasbajm H\AK] rjquarjijkts grj massjiakgtjm th

lusthijrs ak tcj bhri hb usjge`j prhmults gkm rjphrts.

Luj. Jbbjltavj lujakd ey H\AK] th ihrj tjlckalg` akbhrigtahk lh``jltahk gssjts, sulc gs cuigk

aktj`àdjklj (CZIAK]) gkm lhuktjraktj`àdjklj (LA) aiprhvjs tcj hvjrg`` akbhrigtahk lh``jltahk

jbbhrt ey njjpakd hrdgkazgtahks gerjgst hb jijrdakd ukl`gssabajm akbhrigtahk gkm hpphrtukatajs

gs wj`` gs jkgeàkd tcj usj hb g iu`tamaslapàkj gpprhglc th lhkbari hr mjky akbhrigtahk ey

gkhtcjr akbhrigtahk shurlj, lh``jltahk hrdgkazgtahk, hr prhmultahk gltavaty.

_rhvamj bjjmegln. Gk jstgeàscjm bjjmegln ijlcgkasi as rjquarjm th tcj supphrtjm lhiigkmjr

hr lusthijr hk tcj stgtus hb aktj`àdjklj gkm akbhrigtahk rjquarjijkts.

H\AK] \JL]AHK G] ]CJ EUADGMJ LHIEG] ]JGI @JRJ@

5-23. Jglc lhiegtgkt lhiigkm igy cgvj g tgsn-hrdgkazjm H\AK] lj`` hr sjltahk th shij vgryakd mjdrjj akslhpj gkm pjrshkkj`. Gt tcj tgltalg` `jvj` hb hpjrgtahks, at as lhiihkp`glj bhr lhiigkmjrs th lrjgtj H\AK]

lj``s brhi hrdgkal aktj`àdjklj pjrshkkj` th sgtasby aktj`àdjklj rjquarjijkts.

5-21. ]cj bh``hwakd quhtj a`ùstrgtjs chw tgsn hrdgkazgtahk hb hrdgkal pjrshkkj` watcak tcj lhiihk drhukm

stgtahk (LD\) lgk gssast ak sgtasbyakd aktj`àdjklj gkm akbhrigtahk rjquarjijkts usakd tcj Khksjlurj Aktjrkjt

_rhthlh` Uhutakd Kjtwhrn (KA_UKJ]) gkm vgrahus j`jltrhkal mjvaljs, sulc gs gk gipàtumj ihmu`gtahk gkm

brjqujkly ihmu`gtahk (GI/BI) rgmah, vamjh lgssjttj rjlhrmjr (RLU), gkm madatg` vamjh masl (MRM) p`gyjr, th

jksurj tcj sulljss hb tcjar EL] th pjrbhri akbhrigtahk lh``jltahk gt tcj tgltalg` hpjrgtahks ljktjr (]HL)6



Lcgptjr 5

5-7= G]_ 5-55.1 7? Fu`y 5?75

Tatc tcjar LD\ tjgi, bhur th bavj aktjrprjtjrs, gkm g stjgmy b`hw hb rgmah, tj`jvasahk, gkm

kjwspgpjr rjphrts, tcj hpjk-shurlj aktj`àdjklj tjgi prhmuljm g mga`y rh`ùp watc

gkg`ysas. ]cjar hbbalj lhksastjm hb hkj tj`jvasahk watc `hlg` gkm aktjrkgtahkg` lge`j, hkj

`gpthp lhkkjltjm th tcj KA_UKJ], GI/BI rgmah, gkm tcj mga`y kjwspgpjr. G`sh, tcj

tjgi glquarjm g RLU gkm MRM p`gyjr th stumy lhkbaslgtjm prhpgdgkmg gkm htcjr ijmag.

]cjy ukmjrstgkm tcj aiphrtgklj hb `hlg` rjphrtakd th tcj sulljss hb tcj EL] lgipgadk

gkm cgvj igmj at g phakt th lhkmult tchrhudc rjsjgrlc hk thpals hb `hlg` aiphrtgklj.

]cjar prhmult wgs stumajm gkm burtcjr gkg`yzjm ey tcj (akbhrigtahk lh``jltahk) gkg`ysas

tjgi gt tcj EL] ]HL prahr th sueiassahk th tcj EL] \-5 gkm massjiakgtahk th egttgàhks

hr mavasahk.

Iaàtgry Aktj`àdjklj Lhipgky Lhiigkmjr, <AM,Hpjrgtahk Argqa Brjjmhi 5??=”5??:

5-4?. Gs masp`gyjm ak badurj 5-7, pjrshkkj` lhiprasakd tcj H\AK] sjltahk gt tcj EL] `jvj` aklùmj ”

\jltahk `jgmjr.

Ujquarjijkts igkgdjr.

\atugtahk mjvj`hpijkt gkg`yst.

]grdjt mjvj`hpijkt gkg`yst.

Badurj 5-7. Eradgmj lhiegt tjgi‑s H\AK] sjltahk

\JL]AHK @JGMJU

5-47. ]cj sjltahk `jgmjr ”

As tcj praigry àgashk gkm lhhrmakgthr watc tcj EL] \-5.

_rhvamjs supjrvashry gkm igkgdjrag` lgpglaty hvjrsadct.

\jts tcj prahraty hb tgsns.

Ihkathrs hkdhakd aktj`àdjklj supphrt rjquarjm ey tcj EL] \-5.

Jksurjs tcgt g`` H\AK] prhmults grj aklùmjm ak tcj p`gkkakd bhr lurrjkt gkm buturj hpjrgtahks.




7? Fu`y 5?75 G]_ 5-55.1 5-7:

U JWZAUJIJK]\ IGKGDJU

5-45. ]cj rjquarjijkts igkgdjr ”

Jksurjs tcgt satugtahk mjvj`hpijkt gkm tgrdjt mjvj`hpijkt supphrt tcj hvjrg`` jbbhrts hb tcj

sjltahk.

Rjrabajs tcj gvga`geaàty hb lh``jltahk gssjts.

_jrbhris qugàty lhktrh` bhr satugtahk mjvj`hpijkt gkm tgrdjt mjvj`hpijkt prhmults. \upjrvasjs tcj rjljapt, gkg`ysas, gkm massjiakgtahk hb H\AK] prhmults.

\A]ZG]AHK MJRJ@H_IJK] GKG@Q\]

5-4<. ]cj satugtahk mjvj`hpijkt gkg`yst ”

Ihkathrs pueàl`y gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk gkm hpjk shurljs ak hrmjr th jksurj tcj ihst gllurgtj

lhiihk hpjrgtahkg` palturj.

Gkg`yzjs akbhrigtahk gkm prhmuljs lurrjkt aktj`àdjklj gehut tcj hpjrgtahkg` jkvarhkijkt, jkjiy,

tjrrgak, gkm lava` lhksamjrgtahks ejbhrj gkm murakd hpjrgtahks.

Ujbakjs akbhrigtahk rjljavjm hk tcrjgt aktjktahks, hefjltavjs, lhiegt jbbjltavjkjss, gkm phtjktag`

iassahks.

Lhkbaris hr mjkajs tcrjgt LHGs egsjm hk pueàl`y gvga`ge`j akmalgthrs.

_rhvamjs akbhrigtahk th ejttjr ukmjrstgkm tcj `hlg` phpu`gtahk ak grjgs tcgt aklùmj, eut grj khtàiatjm th ”

]raeg` gbbaàgtahks.

_hàtalg` ejàjbs.

Ujàdahus tjkjts.

Njy `jgmjrs.

\upphrt drhups.

Aklhij shurljs.

]GUDJ] MJRJ@H_IJK] GKG@Q\]

5-4=. ]cj tgrdjt mjvj`hpijkt gkg`yst ”

Amjktabajs tcj lhiphkjkts, j`jijkts, gkm lcgrgltjrastals hb spjlabal tgrdjts, ehtc `jtcg` gkmkhk`jtcg`.

Amjktabajs lava` gkm htcjr khk-tgrdjt lhksamjrgtahks watcak tcj GH.

_rhvamjs pueàl`y gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk hk tcrjgt lgpgeaàtajs gkm àiatgtahks.

]G\N HUDGKAVG]AHK LHK\AMJUG]AHK\

5-4:. Tcjk tgsn-hrdgkazakd tcj H\AK] sjltahk th sgtasby aktj`àdjklj gkm akbhrigtahk rjquarjijkts, ukats

iust lhksamjr ”

Iassahk lhiigkm.

Glquasatahk.

Lh``jltakd gkm prhljssakd.

_rhmultahk. Lhiputjr systjis.



Lcgptjr 5

5-72 G]_ 5-55.1 7? Fu`y 5?75

IA\\AHK LHIIGKM

5-42. Mjmalgtjm iassahk lhiigkm pjrshkkj` grj kjjmjm ak hrmjr th prhvamj igkgdjijkt gkm hvjrsadct hb

H\AK] jxp`hatgtahk th jksurj lhktakujm syklcrhkazgtahk watc igkjuvjr j`jijkts, tgsns, gkm rjqujsts.

GLWZA\A]AHK

5-44. Muj th tcj vhùijs hb pueàl`y gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk, glquasatahk tcrhudc jstgeàscjm akbhrigtahklh``jltahk gltavatajs gkm systjis grj kjljssgry ak hrmjr th jksurj tcgt hpjk-shurlj akbhrigtahk as kht `hst hr

iasp`gljm tcgt lhu`m prhvamj jssjktag` gkm kjljssgry iassahk-rj`gtjm akbhrigtahk. _ueàl`y gvga`ge`j

akbhrigtahk glquarjm brhi hpjk shurljs schu`m ej rjphrtjm ak gllhrmgklj watc jstgeàscjm ukat \H_s.

LH@@JL]AKD GKM _UHLJ\\AKD

5-43. H\AK] prhpjr`y aktjdrgtjm akth hvjrg`` lh``jltahk p`gks murakd hpjrgtahks grj usjm th sgtasby LLAUs.

Ak hrmjr th glljss tcj bu`` grrgy hb mhijstal gkm bhrjadk pueàl`y gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk, tcj prhljssakd hb

igtjrag`s hbtjktaijs rjquarjs H\AK] supphrt th pjrshkkj` hpjrgtakd ak tcj grjgs hb mhluijkt jxp`hatgtahk

(MHLJS).

Khtj. _jrshkkj` jkdgdakd ak tcj lh``jltakd gkm prhljssakd hb akbhrigtahk akvh`vakd tcjsj gspjlts

wa`` rjquarj gk ukmjrstgkmakd hb tchsj atjis gkm igtjrag`s tcgt grj lhiihkp`glj gkm tchsj tcgt

lhu`m phssjss aktj`àdjklj vgùj. ]cjy iust burtcjr ej vjrsjm ak tcj gmmatahkg` rjdu`gtahks bhr

Marjlthr, Kgtahkg` \jluraty Gdjkly (MAUK\G) hvjrsadct. Zk`jss bhrjadk pueàl`y gvga`ge`j

akbhrigtahk gkm hpjk shurljs grj lh``jltjm gkm suesjqujkt`y prhljssjm akth g suatge`j bhri, tcj

akbhrigtahk wa`` `hsj aktj`àdjklj vgùj.

_UHMZL]AHK

5-41. _rhmultahk hb gltahkge`j gkm taij`y pueàl`y gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk tcrhudc hpjk shurljs as vatg` ak

H\AK] jxp`hatgtahk. Ujsjgrlc ijtchms, Aktjrkjt tjlckaqujs (egsal gkm gmvgkljm), gkm htcjr gsshlagtjm

thh`s grj utaàzjm th rjtrajvj, aktjdrgtj, jvgùgtj, gkg`yzj, gkm aktjrprjt akbhrigtahk akth H\AK]. Ujsjgrlc

akbhrigtahk gkm bakgàzjm ijtgmgtg gs prhmults grj sthrjm ak mgtgegsjs glljssae`j th htcjr aktj`àdjklj gkm

khkaktj`àdjklj pjrshkkj` tcgt cgvj vjstjm H\AK] jxp`hatgtahk rjquarjijkts.

LHI_Z]JU \Q\]JI\

5-3?. H\AK] pjrshkkj` lhkmultakd H\AK] jxp`hatgtahk kjjm th cgvj shbtwgrj g``hlgtjm th tcj gpprhpragtj

tgsn. ]cj kjljssgry ukbjttjrjm jxp`hatgtahk suatj aklùmjs sulc prhdrgis gs Gkg`yst Khtjehhn, _hrtge`j

Mhluijkt Bhrigt (_MB) Ignjr, gkm ]jxt Lcgrt.



7? Fu`y 5?75 G]_ 5-55.1 <-7

Lcgptjr <

Lh``jltakd H\AK]

Muj th tcj ukl`gssabajm kgturj hb pueàl`y gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk, tchsj jkdgdakd akH\AK] lh``jltahk gltavatajs lgk ejdak rjsjgrlcakd eglndrhukm akbhrigtahk hk tcjargssadkjm grjg hb rjsphksaeaàty `hkd ejbhrj tcj assugklj hb gk hbbalag` iaàtgry mjp`hyijkt

hrmjr wca`j djkjrgtakd aktj`àdjklj nkhw`jmdj. A_E, gk aktjdrgtakd prhljss bhr Griybhrljs, as tcj ijlcgkasi amjktabyakd aktj`àdjklj gkm akbhrigtahk rjquarjijkts tcgt lgk

ej sgtasbajm uta azakd pue al`y gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk gkm hpjk shurljs.

LH@@JL]AKD _ZE@AL@Q GRGA@GE@J AKBHUIG]AHK<-7. _ueàl`y gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk gkm hpjk-shurlj rjsjgrlc, gppàjm gs gk jlhkhiy hb bhrlj, as gk

jbbjltavj ijgks hb gssaia`gtakd gutchratgtavj gkm mjtga`jm akbhrigtahk hk tcj iassahk vgrage`js (IJ]]-]L)

gkm hpjrgtahkg` vgrage`js (phàtalg`, iaàtgry, jlhkhial, shlag`, akbhrigtahk, akbrgstrulturj, pcysalg`

jkvarhkijkt, taij ^_IJ\AA-_]Y). ]cj lhipa`gtahk hb ukgkswjrjm aktj`àdjklj gkm akbhrigtahk

rjquarjijkts mjtjriakjm gt tcj lhklùsahk hb tcj IMI_ gkm A_E grj jxjrlasjm tcrhudc tcj lhiigkmjr ‑s

akput. Lhiigkmjr ‑s akput ”

As jxprjssjm ak tcj tjris hb mjslraej, vasugàzj, gkm marjlt.

As tcj lhrkjrsthkj hb duamgklj usjm ey H\AK] pjrshkkj`.

Rgàmgtjs aktj`àdjklj gkm akbhrigtahk rjquarjijkts.

<-5. Lhiigkmjr‑s akput as jxprjssjm gs LLAUs gkm lgtjdhrazjm gs brajkm`y bhrlj akbhrigtahk

rjquarjijkts (BBAUs) gkm _AUs. Lhktakuhus rjsjgrlc gkm prhljssakd ijtchms, lhup`jm watc tcj

lhiigkmjr ‑s akput gkm aktj`àdjklj gkm akbhrigtahk rjquarjijkts, H\AK] pjrshkkj` lh``jlt pueàl`ygvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk bhr jxp`hatgtahk. ]cj lh``jlt stjp hb tcj aktj`àdjklj prhljss akvh`vjs lh``jltakd,

prhljssakd, gkm rjphrtakd akbhrigtahk ak rjsphksj th akbhrigtahk lh``jltahk tgsns. Lh``jltjm akbhrigtahk as

tcj bhukmgtahk hb aktj`àdjklj mgtgegsjs, aktj`àdjklj prhmultahk, gkm satugtahkg` gwgrjkjss.

<-<. H\AK] as aktjdrgtjm akth p`gkkakd tcrhudc tcj lhktakuhus prhljss hb A_E. _jrshkkj` jkdgdakd ak

H\AK] jxp`hatgtahk iust akatagtj lh``jltahk gkm rjqujsts bhr akbhrigtahk th sgtasby LLAUs th tcj `jvj` hb

mjtga` rjquarjm. Lh``jltakd hpjk-shurlj akbhrigtahk lhiprasjs bhur stjps, gs schwk ak badurj <-7 hk

pgdj <-56

Amjktaby akbhrigtahk gkm aktj`àdjklj rjquarjijkts.

Lgtjdhrazj aktj`àdjklj rjquarjijkts ey typj.

Amjktaby shurlj th lh``jlt tcj akbhrigtahk.

Mjtjriakj lh``jltahk tjlckaquj.

AMJK]ABQ AKBHUIG]AHK GKM AK]J@@ADJKLJ U JWZAUJIJK]\

<-=. Aktj`àdjklj gkm akbhrigtahk dgps grj amjktabajm murakd tcj A_E prhljss. ]cjsj dgps schu`m ej

mjvj`hpjm gkm brgijm grhukm tcj iassahk gkm hpjrgtahkg` vgrage`js ak hrmjr th jksurj tcj lhiigkmjr

rjljavjs tcj akbhrigtahk kjjmjm th supphrt g`` àkjs hb hpjrgtahks hr àkjs hb jbbhrt. Gs akbhrigtahk gkm

aktj`àdjklj grj rjljavjm, H\AK] pjrshkkj` upmgtj A_E prhmults gkm akbhri tcj lhiigkmjr hb gky rj`jvgkt

lcgkdjs. H\AK] kjjms l`jgr`y stgtjm akbhrigtahk gkm aktj`àdjklj rjquarjijkts th jbbjltavj`y bhlus



Lcgptjr <

<-5 G]_ 5-55.1 7? Fu`y 5?75

glquasatahk gkm prhmultahk gkm schu`m ej aklhrphrgtjm akth lh``jltahk p`gks ak hrmjr th sgtasby tcjsj

rjquarjijkts.

Khtj. H\AK] lgkkht jàiakgtj g`` tcj uknkhwk gspjlts hr ukljrtgaktajs tcgt lhkljrk

lhiigkmjrs gkm stgbbs. ]cj D-5/\-5 iust ej prjpgrjm th ba`` dgps watc rjgshkge`j gssuiptahks>

hklj dgps grj ba``jm, tcj D-5/\-5 iust ejdak mjvj`hpakd mgtgegsjs gt tcj ukat `jvj` ak hrmjr th

cgvj akbhrigtahk rjgma`y gvga`ge`j. ]cas rjmuljs tcj kuiejr hb kjw rjqujsts bhr akbhrigtahk

brhi suehrmakgtj ukats hr hrdgkazgtahks.

Badurj <-7. _rhljss bhr lh``jltakd pueàl`y gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk

LG]JDHUAVJ AK]J@@ADJKLJ U JWZAUJIJK]\ EQ ]Q_J

<-:. Aktj`àdjklj rjquarjijkts tcgt kjjm th ej sgtasbajm lgk jxtjkm ejyhkm tcj slhpj hb H\AK], rjsu`takd

ak dgps. H\AK] as suefjlt th akbhrigtahk gkm aktj`àdjklj dgps tcgt kjjm th ej sgtasbajm usakd htcjr

gpprhpragtj ijtchms th l`hsj tchsj dgps.

<-2. A_E as usjm th l`gssaby aktj`àdjklj gkm akbhrigtahk rjquarjijkts ey typj egsjm hk iassahk gkg`ysas

gkm brajkm`y LHGs. H\AK] pjrshkkj` prhvamj akput murakd tcas stjp. ]wh aiphrtgkt rj`gtjm tjris tcgt whrn

ak lhkljrt watc H\AK] grj pravgtj akbhrigtahk gkm pueàl`y gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk6

_ravgtj akbhrigtahk lhiprasjs mgtg, bglts, akstrultahks, hr htcjr igtjrag` aktjkmjm bhr hr rjstraltjm th

g pgrtalu`gr pjrshk, drhup, hr hrdgkazgtahk. Aktj`àdjklj rjquarjijkts tcgt rjquarj pravgtj akbhrigtahkgrj kht gssadkjm th H\AK] sjltahks. ]cjrj grj twh suelgtjdhrajs hb pravgtj akbhrigtahk6

Lhktrh``jm ukl`gssabajm akbhrigtahk rjquarjs tcj gppàlgtahk hb lhktrh`s gkm prhtjltavj

ijgsurjs, bhr g vgrajty hb rjgshks (tcgt as, sjksatavj eut ukl`gssabajm hr bhr hbbalag` usj hk`y).

L`gssab ajm akb hrigtahk rjquarjs prhtjltahk gdgakst ukgutchrazjm masl`hsurj gkm as igrnjm th

akmalgtj ats l`gssabajm stgtus wcjk prhmuljm hr massjiakgtjm.

_ueàl`y gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk lhiprasjs mgtg, bglts, akstrultahks, hr htcjr igtjrag` pueàscjm hr

erhgmlgst bhr djkjrg pueàl lhksuiptahk> gvga ge`j hk rjqujst th g ijiejr hb tcj djkjrg pue al>

`gwbu``y sjjk hr cjgrm ey gky lgsug` hesjrvjr> hr igmj gvga`ge`j gt g ijjtakd hpjk th tcj djkjrg`

pue al.

Khtj. ]cj gihukt hb l`gssabajm akbhrigtahk prhmuljm hk gky hkj thpal lgk ej àiatjm gkm tgnjk

hut hb lhktjxt ab vajwjm brhi g sh`j`y l`gssabajm pjrspjltavj. H\AK] vgàmgtahk as kjljssgry

wcjk mjgàkd watc g `grdj gihukt hb l`gssabajm akbhrigtahk. H\AK] vgàmgtahk as usjm wcjkl`gssabajm shurljs grj ukgvga`ge`j hr th lhkbari hr supphrt prjjxastakd l`gssabajm shurljs. ]cas

strjkdtcjks tcj lrjmaeaàty hb H\AK] prhmults ak supphrt hb g``-shurlj aktj`àdjklj. H\AK]

vgàmgtahk prhvamjs tcj geaàty th luj htcjr gssjts tcus jkcgklakd tcj gllurgly gkm prjlasahk hb

dgakjm aktj`àdjklj.



Lh``jltakd H\AK]

7? Fu`y 5?75 G]_ 5-55.1 <-<

AMJK]ABQ \HZULJ ]H LH@@JL] AKBHUIG]AHK

<-4. Amjktabyakd tcj shurlj as pgrt hb p`gkkakd rjquarjijkts gkm gssjssakd lh``jltahk p`gks. ]cj twh typjs

hb shurljs usjm th lh``jlt akbhrigtahk grj lhkbamjktag` shurljs gkm hpjk shurljs6

Lhkbamjktag` shurljs lhiprasj gky pjrshks, drhups, hr systjis tcgt prhvamj akbhrigtahk watc

tcj jxpjltgtahk tcgt tcj akbhrigtahk, rj`gtahkscap, hr ehtc grj prhtjltjm gdgakst pueàl masl`hsurj.

Akbhrigtahk gkm aktj`àdjklj rjquarjijkts tcgt rjquarj lhkbamjktag` shurljs grj kht gssadkjm th

H\AK] sjltahks.

Hpjk shurljs lhiprasj gky pjrshk hr drhup tcgt prhvamjs akbhrigtahk watchut tcj jxpjltgtahk

hb lhpyradct hr pravgly ” tcj akbhrigtahk, tcj rj`gtahkscap, hr ehtc as kht prhtjltjm gdgakst pueàl

masl`hsurj. Hpjk shurljs aklùmj eut grj kht àiatjm th ”

Glgmjiag. Lhursjwgrj, massjrtgtahks, `jlturjs, prjsjktgtahks, rjsjgrlc pgpjrs, gkm stumajs ak

ehtc cgrmlhpy gkm shbtlhpy lhvjrakd suefjlts gkm thpals hk jlhkhials, djhdrgpcy

(pcysalg`, lu`turg`, gkm phàtalg`-iaàtgry), aktjrkgtahkg` rj`gtahks, rjdahkg` sjluraty, gkm

slajklj gkm tjlckh`hdy.

Dhvjrkijkt gdjklajs gkm khkdhvjrkijktg` hrdgkazgtahks. Mgtgegsjs, phstjm akbhrigtahk,

gkm praktjm rjphrts hk g wamj vgrajty hb jlhkhial, jkvarhkijktg`, djhdrgpcal,

cuigkatgragk, sjluraty, gkm slajklj gkm tjlckh`hdy assujs.

Lhiijrlag` gkm pueà l akb hrigtahk sjrvaljs. Erhgmlgstjm, phstjm, gkm praktjm kjws hk

lurrjkt aktjrkgtahkg`, rjdahkg`, gkm `hlg` thpals. @aergrajs gkm rjsjgrlc ljktjrs. _raktjm mhluijkts gkm madatg` mgtgegsjs hk g rgkdj hb thpals.

A kmavamug`s gkm drhups. Cgkmwrattjk, pgaktjm, phstjm, praktjm, gkm erhgmlgstjm akbhrigtahk

hk suefjlts gkm thpals hk grt, drgbbata, `jgb`jts, phstjrs, tgtthhs, gkm Tje satjs.

Drgy àtjrgturj. Igtjrag`s gkm akbhrigtahk tcgt grj bhukm usakd gmvgkljm Aktjrkjt sjgrlc

tjlckaqujs hk tcj Mjjp Tje lhksastakd hb tjlckalg` rjphrts, slajktabal rjsjgrlc pgpjrs, gkm

wcatj pgpjrs.

MJ]JUIAKJ LH@@JL]AHK ]JLCKAWZJ

<-3. Lh``jltahk aipàjs dgtcjrakd, ey g vgrajty hb ijgks, rgw mgtg gkm akbhrigtahk brhi wcalc bakgàzjm

aktj`àdjklj as tcjk lrjgtjm hr syktcjsazjm, gkm massjiakgtjm. Lh``jltjm akbhrigtahk as gkg`yzjm gkm

aklhrphrgtjm akth g``-shurlj gkm htcjr aktj`àdjklj maslapàkj prhmults. ]cjsj prhmults grj massjiakgtjm pjr

ukat \H_s, H_HUMs, htcjr jstgeàscjm bjjmegln ijlcgkasi, hr aktj`àdjklj grlcatjlturj. ]cjsj tjlckaqujslhkbari tcj prjsjklj hb p`gkkjm tgrdjts gkm prhvamj g egsjàkj hb gltavaty gkm akbhrigtahk hk shurljs

watcak tcj GH bhr burtcjr mjvj`hpijkt gkm buturj vgàmgtahk. Tcjk dgtcjrakd akbhrigtahk, tcj utaàzjm

tjlckaquj aklùmjs spjlabal akbhrigtahk rjqujsts, hefjltavjs, prahratajs, taijbrgij hb jxpjltjm gltavaty,

`gtjst (hr jgràjst) taij tcj akbhrigtahk as hb vgùj (@]AHR), gkm rjphrtakd akstrultahks.

<-1. Hpjk-shurlj akbhrigtahk tcgt sgtasbajs g LLAU as massjiakgtjm gs qualn`y gs phssae`j th tcj

lhiigkmjr gkm htcjr stgbb pjrshkkj` pjr ukat \H_s hr H_HUMs. H\AK] lgk usj ukaktrusavj lh``jltahk

tjlckaqujs th luj ihrj tjlckalg` lh``jltahk gssjts. Lh``jltahk tjlckaqujs, mjpjkmakd hk hpjrgtahk

lhip`jxatajs, lgk jkcgklj tcj lcgkljs hb sgtasbyakd aktj`àdjklj gkm akbhrigtahk rjquarjijkts.

<-7?. Hpjk-shurlj glquasatahk hb akbhrigtahk gkm aktj`àdjklj rjquarjijkts grj gssadkjm th H\AK]

pjrshkkj`. Hpjk-shurlj lh``jltahk aklùmjs tcj glquasatahk hb igtjrag` ak tcj pueàl mhigak. ]cj jxtjkt th

wcalc hpjk-shurlj lh``jltahk yaj`ms vgùge`j akbhrigtahk vgrajs drjgt`y watc tcj kgturj hb tcj tgrdjt gkm tcj

suefjlt akvh`vjm. ]cj akbhrigtahk iadct ej lh``jltjm ey akmavamug`s wch euy ehhns gkm fhurkg`s, hesjrvj

iaàtgry pgrgmjs, hr rjlhrm tj`jvasahk gkm rgmah prhdrgis.

UJ\JGULC

<-77. Gbtjr mjtjriakakd tcj lh``jltahk tjlckaquj, H\AK] pjrshkkj` lhkmult rjsjgrlc th sgtasby aktj`àdjklj

gkm akbhrigtahk rjquarjijkts.



Lcgptjr <

<-= G]_ 5-55.1 7? Fu`y 5?75

<-75. Ujsjgrlc ”

@jgms th tcj phpu`gtahk hb akbhrigtahk gkm aktj`àdjklj mgtgegsjs. ]cjsj mgtgegsjs jkge`j

H\AK] pjrshkkj` th gllurgtj`y rjsphkm th lcgkdjs watcak tcj GH ey prhvamakd rjqujstjm

akbhrigtahk th sgtasby rjquarjijkts.

As usjm th dgtcjr akbhrigtahk tcgt lhktraeutjs th prhvamakd gk ukmjrstgkmakd hb g prhe`ji gkm

hrdgkazakd tcj rjsu`ts lhiprjcjksavj`y.

As usjm th djkjrgtj aktj`àdjklj nkhw`jmdj ejbhrj gkm murakd mjp`hyijkts.

<-7<. ]wh typjs hb rjsjgrlc ijtchms tcgt lgk ej usjm grj ”

Baj`m rjsjgrlc. _jrshkkj` brhi glgmjial, dhvjrkijktg`, aktjrdhvjrkijktg`, gkm

khkdhvjrkijktg` hrdgkazgtahks glquarj mgtg brhi praigry shurljs, gs wj`` gs rjtrajvj mgtg gkm

akbhrigtahk brhi sjlhkmgry shurljs. Baj`m rjsjgrlc ”

Lhksasts hb pgrtalapgkt hesjrvgtahk, mgtg lh``jltahk, gkm survjy rjsjgrlc.

As typalg``y lhkmultjm gt tcj hpjrgtahkg` gkm strgtjdal `jvj`s wcjk taij as kht g bglthr ak tcj

mjvj`hpijkt hb akbhrigtahk gkm aktj`àdjklj hb tcj hpjrgtahkg` vgrage`js (_IJ\AA-_]) th

prhvamj lhiigkmjrs satugtahkg` gwgrjkjss.

_rgltalg` rjsjgrlc. Aktj`àdjklj pjrshkkj` rjtrajvj jxastakd mgtg gkm akbhrigtahk brhi

sjlhkmgry shurljs. _rgltalg` rjsjgrlc ”

As typalg``y lhkmultjm gt tcj tgltalg` `jvj` wcjk taij as g bglthr ak tcj mjvj`hpijkt hb

akbhrigtahk gkm aktj`àdjklj hb tcj iassahk vgrage`js (IJ]]-]L) ak prhvamakd lhiigkmjrssatugtahkg` gwgrjkjss.

As praigra`y usjm gihkd aktj`àdjklj pjrshkkj` tcgt jkdgdj ak H\AK] jxp`hatgtahk.

<-7=. G`` rjsjgrlc ejdaks watc tcj mjtjriakgtahk hb g rjsjgrlc qujstahk gkm tcj mjvj`hpijkt hb g rjsjgrlc p`gk.

MJ]JUIAKJ U J\JGULC WZJ\]AHK

<-7:. Ujsjgrlc ejdaks watc tcj mjtjriakgtahk hb g rjsjgrlc qujstahk jxprjssjm ak tcj bhri hb LLAUs rjdgrmakd g

davjk thpal. Ak H\AK] jxp`hatgtahk, tcj rjsjgrlc qujstahk lgk ej egsjm hk tcj iassahk vgrage`js (IJ]]-]L) gkm

hpjrgtahkg` vgrage`js (_IJ\AA-_]). ]cj rjsjgrlc qujstahk as rjbakjm tcrhudc tcj mjvj`hpijkt hb akbhrigtahk gkm

aktj`àdjklj rjquarjijkts th ej sgtasbajm. ]chsj rjquarjijkts tcgt grj kht sgtasbajm grj aklùmjm ak tcj p`gkkakd

rjquarjijkts gkm gssjssakd lh``jltahk p`gk wcjrj ihrj tjlckalg` ijgks hb lh``jltahk lgk ej utaàzjm.

MJRJ@H_ U J\JGULC _@GK

<-72. Mabbjrjkt bgljts hb g qujstahk igy ej jxprjssjm gs akbhrigtahk gkm aktj`àdjklj rjquarjijkts. ]cjsj

rjquarjijkts bhri tcj egsas bhr tcj rjsjgrlc p`gk. G rjsjgrlc p`gk lgk usj ehtc baj`m rjsjgrlc gkm prgltalg`

rjsjgrlc. ]cj p`gk lhksasts hb ”

Amjktabalgtahk hb akbhrigtahk shurljs (ehtc praigry gkm sjlhkmgry).

Mjslraptahk hb chw th glljss tchsj shurljs.

Bhrigt bhr lhipaàkd tcj mgtg.

Ujsjgrlc ijtchmh`hdy.

Massjiakgtahk bhrigt.

AI_@JIJK] U J\JGULC _@GK

<-74. Ztaàzakd hpjk-shurlj ijmag ” tcj ijgks hb sjkmakd, rjljavakd, gkm rjlhrmakd akbhrigtahk ”

lhiphkjkts, gkm gsshlagtjm j`jijkts (sjj tge`j <-7), H\AK] pjrshkkj` aip`jijkt g rjsjgrlc p`gk. ]cj

praigry ijmag usjm th aip`jijkt g rjsjgrlc p`gk aklùmj ”

_ueàl spjgnakd bhruis.

_ueàl mhluijkts.

_ueàl erhgmlgsts.

Aktjrkjt Tje satjs.



Lh``jltakd H\AK]

7? Fu`y 5?75 G]_ 5-55.1 <-:

Khtj. ]cj tge`j mhjs kht a`ùstrgtj gk g``-aklùsavj àst hb hpjk-shurlj ijmag typjs eut rgtcjr tcj

lgtjdhrajs hb hpjk-shurlj ijmag th lhksamjr wcjk lh``jltakd hpjk-shurlj akbhrigtahk.

]ge`j <-7. Hpjk-shurlj ijmag, lhiphkjkts, gkm j`jijkts

Ijmag Lhip hkjkts J`jijkts

_ueàl \pjgnakd

\pjgnjr \phkshr Uj`gtahkscap

Ijssgdj

Bhrigt

Lhkbjrjklj

Mjegtj

Mjihkstrgtahk

\pjjlcjs

@jlturj

Ug``y

@hum spjgnjrs

]g`n schws

Gumajklj @hlgtahk Lhiphsatahk

_ueàlMhluijkts

Drgpcal

Mrgwakd

Jkdrgvakd

_gaktakd

Drgbbata

_chthdrgpc

_rakt

_hstjrs

Ujlhrmjm

Lhipglt mgtgsthrgdj mjvalj

Madatg` vamjh masn

Cgrm masn

]gpj

_raktjm

Ehhn

Erhlcurj

Kjwspgpjrs

Igdgzakjs

Dhvjrkijkt rj`jgsjs

‐Muipstjr mavakd’

Gkkug`s

_jrahmalg`

_gipc`jt

Ujphrt

Khvj`tajs

Khk-dhvjrkijkt rj`jgsjs

@jgb`jts

Eusakjss lgrms

_ueàl

Erhgmlgsts

Ugmah

@hw brjqujkly GIrgmah

Ijmaui brjqujkly GIrgmah

\chrt wgvj rgmah

RCB BI rgmah

\gtj`àtj rgmah

\tgkmgrm wgvj rgmah

]j`jvasahk

Nu egkm sgtj`àtj tj`jvasahk

RCB gkm ZCB tjrrjstrag` tj`jvasahk

Gmvjrtasjijkts

Ihtahk palturjs

Aktjrkjt Tje\atjs

Lhiiukalgtahks Lcgt

J-iga`

Kjws> kjwsdrhup

Tje lgi

Tje lgst

Tje `hd

Mgtgegsjs Lhiijrlj

Jmulgtahk

Dhvjrkijkt

Iaàtgry hrdgkazgtahks

Akbhrigtahk

(Tje pgdj lhktjkt)

Lhiijrlj

Jmulgtahk

Dhvjrkijkt

Iaàtgry hrdgkazgtahks

\jrvaljs

Maltahkgry

Marjlthry

Mhwk`hgms

Bakgklag`

Djhspgtag`

\jgrlc gkm ZU@ `hhnup

]jlckalg` supphrt

]rgks`gtahk

GIBIZCB

gipàtumj ihmu`gtahkbrjqujkly ihmu`gtahku`trgcadc brjqujkly

ZU@RCB

ukabhri rjshurlj hlgthrvjry cadc brjqujkly



Lcgptjr <

<-2 G]_ 5-55.1 7? Fu`y 5?75

_ueàl \pjgnakd Bhruis

<-73. H\AK] pjrshkkj` lhkmult rjsjgrlc ey gttjkmakd pueàl spjgnakd bhruis sulc gs lhkbjrjkljs,

`jlturjs, pueàl ijjtakds, whrnakd drhups, mjegtjs, gkm mjihkstrgtahks. Gttjkmakd tcjsj gkm saia`gr jvjkts

grj hpphrtukatajs th eua`m rj`gtahkscaps watc khkiaàtgry prhbjssahkg`s gkm hrdgkazgtahks. Aktj`àdjklj

pjrshkkj` rjquarj g tchrhudc ukmjrstgkmakd hb tcj `hlg` lu`turj gkm `gws th jksurj gky lh``jltahk gltavatajs

grj ukaktrusavj gkm mh kht vah`gtj `hlg` lusthis hr `gws, sulc gs tcj Lcgtcgi Chusj Uu`j. At as

rjlhiijkmjm th cgvj tcj \FG‑s hvjrsadct murakd sulc lh``jltahk iassahks th jksurj lhipàgklj watcGU <37-7?, prhljmurj 7?. H\AK] pjrshkkj` rjquarj satugtahkg` gwgrjkjss gkm lu`turg` ukmjrstgkmakd tcgt

as typalg``y mhkj ey jstgeàscakd ehtc iaàtgry gkm khkiaàtgry rj`gtahkscaps watc gttjkmjjs, amjktabyakd gky

ihmabalgtahks hb g spjgnjr‑s ijssgdj, gkm amjktabyakd pjrshkkj` hb aktjrjst gttjkmakd tcj jvjkt.

<-71. H\AK] pjrshkkj` jkdgdakd ak hpjk-shurlj jxp`hatgtahk, utaàzj pueàl spjgnakd bhruis typalg``y ak

hpjrgtahkg` jkvarhkijkts mhiakgtjm ey jatcjr stgeaàty hpjrgtahks hr lhuktjraksurdjkly hpjrgtahks wcjrj

tcj `jvj` hb vah`jklj as `hw.

Khtj. ]cj Lcgtcgi Chusj Uu`j stgtjs, ‐Tcjk g ijjtakd, hr pgrt tcjrjhb, as cj`m ukmjr tcj

Lcgtcgi Chusj Uu`j, pgrtalapgkts grj brjj th usj tcj akbhrigtahk rjljavjm, eut kjatcjr tcj

amjktaty khr tcj gbbaàgtahk hb tcj spjgnjrs, khr gky htcjr pgrtalapgkts, igy ej rjvjg `jm.’

Wujstahkakd tcj akvhlgtahk hb tcj Lcgtcgi Chusj Uu`j schu`m ej akquarjm ejbhrj tcj

jkdgdjijkt ejdaks. Gk akvhnjm Lcgtcgi Chusj Uu`j lcgkdjs tcj lcgrgltjrazgtahk hb tcj shurlj

brhi gk hpjk th g lhkbamjktag` shurlj gkm igy mjigkm lh``jltahk rjstraltahks th jksurj

lhipàgklj watc aktj`àdjklj hvjrsadct àiatgtahks. (\jj gppjkmax G.)

_ueàl Mhluijkts

<-5?. Tcjk glquarakd pueàl mhluijkts, H\AK] pjrshkkj` iust ej gwgrj hb tcj `hlg` jkvarhkijkt gkm usj g

tjlckaquj tcgt as ukaktrusavj gkm gpprhpragtj bhr tcj satugtahk. ]cjsj tjlckaqujs aklùmj eut grj kht aiatjm th ”

_chthdrgpcakd gkm lhpyakd mhluijkts gvga`ge`j ak pueàl bhruis sulc gs thwk cg``s, àergrajs, gkm

iusjuis.

Bakmakd maslgrmjm mhluijkts ak g pueàl grjg sulc gs strjjts, igrnjts, gkm rjstrhhis.

_chthdrgpcakd mhluijkts ak pueàl grjgs sulc gs egkkjrs, drgbbata, gkm phstjrs.

_urlcgsakd mhluijkts marjlt`y brhi strjjt vjkmhrs, kjwspgpjr stgkms, ehhn sthrjs, gkm pueàscjrs.

_urlcgsakd mhluijkts tcrhudc g tcarm pgrty sulc gs g wch`jsg`j mastraeuthr hr ehhn lùe. Ujljavakd mhluijkts uphk rjqujst watchut lcgrdj brhi tcj gutchr, lhkbjrjkljs, trgmj bgars,

marjlt iga` gmvjrtasakd.

_ueàl Erhgmlgsts

<-57. Ujdahkg` eurjgus hb tcj MKA H\L lh``jlt hk rjdahkg` gkm aktjrkgtahkg` erhgmlgst kjtwhrns ak

gllhrmgklj watc hpjk-shurlj akbhrigtahk gkm aktj`àdjklj rjquarjijkts. Lhvjrgdj hb rjdahkg` gkm

aktjrkgtahkg` erhgmlgsts jkge`js H\AK] pjrshkkj` gkm hrdgkazgtahks th usj gssjts brhi g`rjgmy amjktabajm

shurljs. ]cj bhur tjlckaqujs usjm th glquarj akbhrigtahk hb pueàl erhgmlgsts grj ”

\pjltrui sjgrlc. \jgrlcakd tcj jktarj spjltrui th mjtjlt, amjktaby, gkm `hlgtj g`` jiattjrs th

lhkbari hvjrg`` gltavaty. ]cas sjgrlc prhvamjs gk hvjrvajw hb tcj gihukt gkm typjs hb gltavatajs

gkm wcjrj tcjy grj `hlgtjm ak tcj spjltrui.

Egkm sjgrlc. \jgrlcakd g pgrtalu`gr sjdijkt hb tcj spjltrui th lhkbari hvjrg`` gltavaty. Eyàiatakd tcj sazj hb tcj sjgrlc egkm, tcj gssjt lgk aiprhvj tcj hmms hb glquarakd g sadkg`.

Brjqujkly sjgrlc. \jgrlcakd bhr rgmah hr tj`jvasahk brjqujklajs.

_rhdrgi sjgrlc. \jgrlcakd bhr rgmah hr tj`jvasahk prhdrgis. _rhdrgis vgry ey typj, lhktjkt

lcgrgltjrastals, gkm ijmag bhrigt. _rhdrgi survja``gklj vjrabajs gkm jxpgkms uphk akatag` rjsu`ts.



Lh``jltakd H\AK]

7? Fu`y 5?75 G]_ 5-55.1 <-4

Khtj. Bhr ejst rjsu`ts, H\AK] pjrshkkj` schu`m usj tcjsj tjlckaqujs ak lhieakgtahk rgtcjr tcgk

akmjpjkmjkt`y th djkjrgtj aktj`àdjklj nkhw`jmdj. ]cj sj`jltahk hb tcj tjlckaqujs mjpjkms hk

tcj iassahk, tcj kuiejr hb pjrshkkj`, gkm lgpgeaàtajs.

<-55. Bhr mjtga`jm akbhrigtahk hk lh``jltakd akbhrigtahk brhi pueàl erhgmlgsts, sjj tcj MKA H\L.

Aktjrkjt Tje \atjs

<-5<. ]cj bhur stjps th glquarj akbhrigtahk hk Aktjrkjt Tje satjs grj ”

_`gk Aktjrkjt sjgrlc.

Lhkmult Aktjrkjt sjgrlc.

Ujbakj Aktjrkjt sjgrlc.

Ujlhrm rjsu`ts.

<-5=. Bhr ihrj mjtga`jm akbhrigtahk hk rjsjgrlc usakd Aktjrkjt Tje satjs, sjj gppjkmax L.



7? Fu`y 5?75 G]_ 5-55.1 =-7

Lcgptjr =

_rhmulakd H\AK]

]cj Griy hpjrgtjs ak mavjrsj jkvarhkijkts grhukm tcj whr`m. ]cas mavjrsaty rjquarjs prhpjr usj hb pueàl`y gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk gkm hpjk shurljs ak tcj prhmultahk hbH\AK]. Davjk tcj vhùij hb jxastakd pueàl`y gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk gkm tcj

ukprjmaltgeaàty hb rjqujsts bhr akbhrigtahk gkm aktj`àdjklj rjquarjijkts, H\AK] pjrshkkj` jkdgdakd ak hpjk-shurlj jxp`hatgtahk iust ej bùam`y gwgrj hb gkm b`jxae`j

wcjk prhmulakd H\AK]. Jbbjltavj prhmultahk jksurjs tcgt lhiigkmjrs gkmsuehrmakgtjs rjljavj taij`y, rj`jvgkt, gkm gllurgtj aktj`àdjklj. H\AK] pjrshkkj`

prhmulj H\AK] ey jvgùgtakd, gkg`yzakd, rjphrtakd, gkm massjiakgtakd aktj àdjklj gsgssjssijkts, stumajs, gkm jstaigtjs.

LG]JDHUAJ\ HB AK]J@@ADJKLJ _UHMZL]\

=-7. Gbtjr rjljavakd g iassahk tcrhudc tcj IMI_ gkm lhiigkmjr‑s aktjkt” jxprjssjm ak tjris hb

mjslraej, vasugàzj, gkm marjlt ” aktj`àdjklj gkm akbhrigtahk rjquarjijkts grj amjktabajm. _jrshkkj`

jkdgdakd ak H\AK] jxp`hatgtahk typalg``y dgtcjr gkm rjljavj akbhrigtahk, pjrbhri rjsjgrlc, gkm rjphrt gkm

massjiakgtj akbhrigtahk ak gllhrmgklj watc tcj lgtjdhrajs hb aktj`àdjklj prhmults. (\jj tge`j =-7.) H\AK]

prhmults grj lgtjdhrazjm ey aktjkmjm usj gkm purphsj. Lgtjdhrajs lgk hvjr`gp gkm shij pueàl`y gvga`ge`j

gkm hpjk-shurlj akbhrigtahk lgk ej usjm ak ihrj tcgk hkj prhmult. (Bhr ihrj mjtga`jm akbhrigtahk hk tcj

lgtjdhrajs hb aktj`àdjklj prhmults, sjj BI 5-?.)

]ge`j =-7. Lgtjdhrajs hb aktj`àdjklj prhmults

Akmalgt ahks gkm Tgrkakd

Akmalgtahks gkm wgrkakd grj aktj`àdjklj gltavatajs aktjkmjm th mjtjlt gkm rjphrt taij-sjksatavj aktj`àdjkljakbhrigtahk hk bhrjadk mjvj`hpijkts tcgt lhu`m akvh`vj gk tcrjgt th tcj Zkatjm \tgtjs, Z.\. g``y, hr Z.\.latazjks gerhgm. At aklùmjs bhrjwgrkakd hb chsta`j gltahks hr aktjktahks gdgakst tcj Zkatjm \tgtjs, atsgltavatajs, hvjrsjgs bhrljs, hr g`àjm/lhgàtahk kgtahks (F_ 5-?).

Lurrjkt Aktj`` adjklj

Lurrjkt aktj`àdjklj supphrts hkdhakd hpjrgtahks> at akvh`vjs tcj aktjdrgtahk hb taij-sjksatavj, g``-shurljaktj`àdjklj gkm akbhrigtahk akth lhklasj, gllurgtj, gkm hefjltavj rjphrtakd hk tcj grjg hb hpjrgtahks (GH)gkm lurrjkt tcrjgt satugtahk. Hkj hb tcj ihst aiphrtgkt bhris hb lurrjkt aktj`àdjklj as tcj tcrjgt satugtahkphrtahk hb tcj lhiihk hpjrgtahkg` palturj. ]cj aktj`àdjklj hbbaljr as rjsphksae`j bhr prhmulakd lurrjktaktj`àdjklj bhr tcj ukat. Ak gmmatahk th tcj lurrjkt satugtahk, lurrjkt aktj`àdjklj schu`m prhvamj prhfjltahkshb tcj tcrjgt‑s gktalapgtjm gltahks gkm tcjar aipàlgtahks hk tcj brajkm`y hpjrgtahk. (\jj F_ 5-?.)

Djkjrg` Iaàtgry Aktj`` ad jklj

Djkjrg` iaàtgry aktj`àdjklj as aktj`àdjklj lhkljrkakd (7) iaàtgry lgpgeaàtajs hb bhrjadk lhuktrajs hrhrdgkazgtahks hr (5) thpals gbbjltakd phtjktag` Z.\. hr iu`takgtahkg` iaàtgry hpjrgtahks rj`gtakd th grijmbhrljs lgpgeaàtajs, aklùmakd tcrjgt lcgrgltjrastals, hrdgkazgtahk, trgakakd, tgltals, mhltrakj, strgtjdy, gkmhtcjr bglthrs ejgrakd hk iaàtgry strjkdtc gkm jbbjltavjkjss gkm grjg tjrrgak aktj`àdjklj… (jxlùmjsslajktabal gkm tjlckalg` aktj`àdjklj (F_ 5-?). ]cas erhgm lgtjdhry hb aktj`àdjklj as khrig``y gsshlagtjmwatc `hkd-tjri p`gkkakd gt tcj kgtahkg` `jvj`.Khtj. ]cas mjbakatahk wgs schrtjkjm bhr erjvaty. ]cj lhip`jtj mjbakatahk as gvga`ge`j ak F_ 5-?.



Lcgptjr =

=-5 G]_ 5-55.1 7? Fu`y 5?75

]ge`j =-7. Lgtjdhrajs hb aktj`àdjklj prhmults (lhktakujm)

]grdjt Aktj`` adjk lj

Aktj`àdjklj tcgt phrtrgys gkm `hlgtjs tcj lhiphkjkts hb g tgrdjt hr tgrdjt lhip`jx gkm akmalgtjs atsvu`kjrgeaàty gkm rj`gtavj aiphrtgklj (F_ <-2?). ]grdjt aktj`àdjklj as tcj gkg`ysas hb tcrjgt ukats,masphsatahks, bglaàtajs, gkm systjis th amjktaby gkm khiakgtj spjlabal gssjts hr vu`kjrgeaàtajs bhr gttgln,rjgttgln, hr jxp`hatgtahk. At lhksasts hb tgrdjt mjvj`hpijkt gkm lhiegt gssjssijkt. ]grdjt mjvj`hpijkt

as tcj systjigtal jvgùgtahk gkm gkg`ysas hb tgrdjt systjis, systji lhiphkjkts, gkm lhiphkjktj`jijkts th amjktaby cadc-vgùj tgrdjts bhr phtjktag` jkdgdjijkt tcrhudc `jtcg` hr khk`jtcg` ijgks.Lhiegt gssjssijkts prhvamj g taij`y gkm gllurgtj jstaigtj hb tcj jbbjlts hb tcj gppàlgtahk hb iaàtgrybhrlj (`jtcg` hr khk`jtcg`) gkm iassahk lhiigkm wgrbgrj hk tgrdjts gkm tgrdjt systjis egsjm hkprjmjtjriakjm hefjltavjs.

\lajkt a b al gkm ]jlckalg` Aktj` ` adjklj

\lajktabal gkm tjlckalg` aktj`àdjklj as tcj prhmult rjsu`takd brhi tcj lh``jltahk, jvgùgtahk, gkg`ysas, gkmaktjrprjtgtahk hb bhrjadk slajktabal gkm tjlckalg` akbhrigtahk. \lajktabal gkm tjlckalg` aktj`àdjklj lhvjrsbhrjadk mjvj`hpijkts ak egsal gkm gppàjm rjsjgrlc gkm ak gppàjm jkdakjjrakd tjlckaqujs gkm slajktabalgkm tjlckalg` lcgrgltjrastals, lgpgeaàtajs, gkm aiatgtahks hb g`` bhrjadk iaàtgry systjis, wjgphks, wjgphksystjis, gkm igtjraj`, tcj rj`gtjm rjsjgrlc gkm mjvj`hpijkt, gkm tcj prhmultahk ijtchms jip`hyjm bhrtcjar igkubglturj (F_ 5-?7).

Lhuktjr aktj` ` adjklj

Akbhrigtahk dgtcjrjm gkm gltavatajs lhkmultjm th amjktaby, mjljavj, jxp`hat, masrupt, hr prhtjlt gdgakst jspahkgdj,

htcjr aktj`àdjklj gltavatajs, sgehtgdj, hr gssgssakgtahks lhkmultjm bhr hr hk ejcg`b hb bhrjadk phwjrs,hrdgkazgtahks hr pjrshks hr tcjar gdjkts, hr aktjrkgtahkg` tjrrhrast hrdgkazgtahks hr gltavatajs (JH 75<<<).Lhuktjraktj`àdjklj gkg`yzjs tcj tcrjgts phsjm ey bhrjadk aktj`àdjklj gkm sjluraty sjrvaljs, gkm aktjrkgtahkg`tjrrhrast hrdgkazgtahks, gkm tcj aktj`àdjklj gltavatajs hb khk-stgtj glthrs sulc gs hrdgkazjm lraij, tjrrhrastdrhups, gkm mrud trgbbalnjrs.

Jst aigt avj

Aktj`àdjklj tcgt amjktabajs, mjslraejs, gkm bhrjlgsts gmvjrsgry lgpgeaàtajs gkm tcj aipàlgtahks bhrp`gkkakd gkm jxjlutakd iaàtgry hpjrgtahks (F_ 5-?). Jstaigtjs prhvamj bhrjlgsts hk chw g satugtahk igymjvj`hp gkm tcj aipàlgtahks hb p`gkkakd gkm jxjlutakd iaàtgry hpjrgtahks. Jstaigtavj aktj`àdjklj dhjsejyhkm mjslraptahks hb tcrjgt lgpgeaàtajs hr rjphrtakd hb tcrjgt gltavaty gkm trajs th bhrjlgst tcj uknkhwkegsjm hk gk gkg`ysas hb nkhwk bglts usakd tjlckaqujs sulc gs pgttjrk gkg`ysas, akbjrjklj, gkm stgtastalg`prhegeaàty.

JRG@ZG]J AKBHUIG]AHK=-5. Hpjk shurljs grj hvjrt gkm ukl`gssabajm. Muj th tcjsj gspjlts hb pueàl`y gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk gkm hpjk

shurljs, mjljptahk, eags, gkm masakbhrigtahk grj hb pgrtalu`gr lhkljrk wcjk jvgùgtakd shurljs hb akbhrigtahk

murakd H\AK] jxp`hatgtahk. Akbhrigtahk as jvgùgtjm ak tjris hb ”

Lhiiukalgtahks.

Akbhrigtahk rjàgeaàty gkm lrjmaeaàty.

LHIIZKALG]AHK\

=-<. G saip`j lhiiukalgtahks ihmj` as typalg``y twh-wgy gkm lhksasts hb sax pgrts6

Aktjkmjm ijssgdj.

\pjgnjr (sjkmjr).

\pjgnjr‑s jklhmjm ijssgdj. @astjkjr (rjljavjr).

@astjkjr‑s mjlhmjm ijssgdj.

_jrljavjm ijssgdj.

=-=. ]cj spjgnjr gkm àstjkjr jglc cgvj mabbjrjkt pjrspjltavjs gkm gspjlts hb lhiiukalgtahks (gs schwk

ak tge`j =-5 hk pgdj =-=). ]cjrj grj drjgt lcg``jkdjs bglakd lhiiukalgthrs gs tcj ijssgdj ejlhijs

jklhmjm ey tcj spjgnjr gkm mjlhmjm ey tcj àstjkjr.



_rhmulakd H\AK]

7? Fu`y 5?75 G]_ 5-55.1 =-<

=-:. Lhiiukalgtahks murakd pueàl spjgnakd jkdgdjijkts grj hbtjk mabbalu`t th jvgùgtj davjk tcj iyragm hb

j`jijkts tcgt lgk prjvjkt g sulljssbu``y trgksiattjm ijssgdj. Davjk tcj iu`tap`j j`jijkts tgnjk saiu`tgkjhus`y,

pue al spjgnakd jvjkts grj suefjltavj gkm lgk ej iasukmjrsthhm.

=-2. ]cj spjgnjr cgs gk aktjkmjm ijssgdj tcrhudc g vjreg`, khkvjreg`, vhlg`, hr vasug` ijmag lcgkkj` hr

lhieakgtahk tcjrjhb. Tatcak lhiiukalgtahks, tcj grjgs typalg``y akvh`vjm ak prjvjktakd tcj truj aktjkt hb tcj

ijssgdj grj tcj sjkmakd ijtchm, jkvarhkijkt, gkm rjljavakd ijtchm. Cgvakd gk ukmjrstgkmakd hb tcjsj grjgs

djkjrg``y yaj`ms g drjgtjr sulljss rgtj ejtwjjk tcj spjgnjr gkm àstjkjr.

=-4. Rjreg` lhiiukalgtahk ejdaks watc g spjgnjr aipgrtakd hr aktjrlcgkdakd tchudcts, hpakahks, hr

akbhrigtahk. ]cas lhiiukalgtahk lgk ej jatcjr phsatavj hr kjdgtavj. ]cj typalg` spjgnjr cgs g lhiiukalgtahk

typj6

_gssavj.

Gddrjssavj.

_gssavj-gddrjssavj.

Gssjrtavj.

=-3. \pjgnjrs lhiiukalgtj vjreg``y gkm khkvjreg``y egsjm hk tcjar ejàjbs, jihtahks, hr dhg`s. ]cjsj

typjs hb lhiiukalgtahk grj akmalgtjm ak tge`j =-5 hk pgdj =-=. At as aiphrtgkt th ukmjrstgkm tcj mabbjrjkljs

ak lhiiukalgtahk sty`js, chw tcjy grj aktjrprjtjm ey gk gumajklj ak hrmjr th jbbjltavj`y lhiiukalgtj tcj

ijssgdj aktjkmjm gkm gvham iasukmjrstgkmakds. Jvgùgtakd akbhrigtahk glquarjm tcrhudc pueàl spjgnakd

vjkujs lgk ej lcg``jkdakd egsjm hk tcjsj bglthrs. Zsakd tcj tge`j th lhipgrj tcjsj typjs hb lhiiukalgtahk

lgk gssast lh``jltahk pjrshkkj` ak mjtjriakakd tcj akbùjkljs surrhukmakd lhiiukalgthrs gkm prjmaltakd

chw tcj ijssgdjs igy ej pjrljavjm. ]ge`j =-5 a`ùstrgtjs gkm prhvamjs g duamjàkj th gssast ak mjtjriakakd

tcj typj hb masp`gyjm ejcgvahr, ejàjbs, jihtahks, gkm dhg`s.

Khtj. ]ge`j =-5 as kht aktjkmjm th stgkm g`hkj eut usjm ak supphrt hb g``-shurlj aktj`àdjklj.

_ueàl`y gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk gkm hpjk shurljs grj usjm th mjvj`hp pjrshkgàty gkm

lcgrgltjrastal trgats hb gk akmavamug`. ]cjsj trgats aklùmj prjvahus spjjlcjs, `jlturjs, sjrihks, hr

stgtjijkts tcgt grj usjm th mjtjriakj g egsjàkj hb gktalapgtjm ejcgvahr gkm rjsphksjs. ]cjrj grj

jxtjrkg` akbùjkljs tcgt lgk phsatavj`y hr kjdgtavj`y gbbjlt gk akmavamug`. ]cjsj jxtjrkg`

akbùjkljs aklùmj eut grj kht àiatjm th lhksjqujkljs hb masputakd g supjrahr‑s hpakahk, tcj

gtihspcjrj hr sjttakd (sulc gs glgmjial, rjàdahus, hr phàtalg`), hr gk aiprhiptu pueàl

aktjrvajw usakd g qujstahk gkm gkswjr bhrigt.

AKBHUIG]AHK U J@AGEA@A]Q GKM LUJMAEA@A]Q

=-1. H\AK] pjrshkkj` jvgùgtj akbhrigtahk watc rjspjlt th rjàgeaàty gkm lrjmaeaàty. At as aiphrtgkt th jvgùgtj

tcj rjàgeaàty hb hpjk shurljs ak hrmjr th mastakduasc hefjltavj, bgltug` akbhrigtahk> eags> hr mjljptahk. ]cj rgtakd

as egsjm hk tcj suefjltavj fumdijkt hb tcj jvgùgthr gkm tcj gllurgly hb prjvahus akbhrigtahk prhmuljm ey tcj

sgij shurlj.

=-7?. H\AK] pjrshkkj` iust gssjss tcj rjàgeaàty gkm tcj lrjmaeaàty hb tcj akbhrigtahk akmjpjkmjkt`y hb jglc

htcjr th gvham eags. ]cj tcrjj typjs hb shurljs usjm th jvgùgtj gkm gkg`yzj rjljavjm akbhrigtahk grj ”

_raigry shurljs. Cgvj marjlt glljss th tcj akbhrigtahk gkm lhkvjys tcj akbhrigtahk marjlt`y gkm

lhip`jtj`y.

\jlhkmgry shurljs. Lhkvjys akbhrigtahk tcrhudc aktjrijmagry shurljs usakd tcj vjrkglu`gr gkm

suiigrazjs hr pgrgpcrgsjs akbhrigtahk. Gutchratgtavj shurljs. Gllurgtj`y rjphrts akbhrigtahk brhi tcj jgmjr, dhvjrkijkt, hr ruàkd pgrty.

Khtj. \jlhkmgry gkm gutchratgtavj shurljs, sulc gs dhvjrkijkt prjss hbbaljs, lhiijrlag` kjws

hrdgkazgtahks, phàtalg` lgipgadk stgbbs, rjsjgrlc ljktjr pueàlgtahks, kjwspgpjrs, pjrahmalg`s,

mgtgegsjs, gkm àergrajs, lgk aktjktahkg``y hr ukaktjktahkg``y gmm, mj`jtj, ihmaby, hr ba`tjr tcj

akbhrigtahk igmj gvga`ge`j th tcj pueàl.



Lcgptjr =

=-= G]_ 5-55.1 7? Fu`y 5?75

]ge`j =-5. Lhipgrashk hb lhiiukalgtahk typjs

_gssavj Gddrjssavj_gssavj-

GddrjssavjGssjrt avj

Ejcgvahr

Njjps quajt.

Mhjs kht sgy wcgtas gltug``y bj`t,

kjjmjm, hr wgktjm. Brjqujkt`y puts

hkjsj`b mhwk.

Gph`hdazjs wcjkjxprjssakd hkjsj`b.

Mjkajs bjjàkds hbmasgdrjjijkts hrakmabbjrjkljs.

Jxprjssjsbjjàkds gkmwgkts gs tchudc

gky htcjr vajw asukrjgshkge`j hrstupam.

Masiassjs,adkhrjs, hr aksu`tstcj kjjms, wgkts,gkm hpakahks hbhtcjrs.

Bga`s th ijjt tcjjxpjltgtahks hbhtcjrs tcrhudc

–mjkage`j‑ ijgks(sulc gs bhrdjttakdhr mj`gys).

Mjkajs pjrshkg`rjsphksaeaàty bhrgltahks.

Jxprjssjs kjjms,wgkts, gkm bjjàkdsmarjlt`y gkm

chkjst`y. Mhjs kht gssuij

lhrrjltkjss hrjvjryhkj bjj`ssaia`gr.

G``hws htcjrs thch`m htcjr vajwswatchut masiassg`hr aksu`ts.

Khkvjreg`

Lhiiukalgtahk

Iakaiazjs hkjsj`b.

@hhns mhwk,cuklcjs schu`mjrs,gvhams jyj lhktglt.

\pjgns shbt`y.

Jk`grdjs hkjsj`bgkm gppjgrstcrjgtjkakd.

Jyj lhktglt asbaxjm gkm

pjkjtrgtakd. Rhalj as `hum,

pjrcgps schutakd.

]ypalg``y iaialstcj pgssavj sty`j.

Ehmy as rj`gxjm,gkm ihvjijktsgrj lgsug`.

Jyj lhktglt asbrjqujkt eut kht

d`grakd.

Ejàjbs

Htcjrs‑ kjjms grjihrj aiphrtgkt.

Htcjrs cgvj ihrjradcts.

Htcjrs‑lhktraeutahks grjihrj vgùge`j.

_jrshkg` kjjmsgrj ihrjaiphrtgkt gkmihrj fustabajm tcgkhtcjrs‑.

Htcjrs cgvj khpjrshkg` radcts.

_jrshkg`lhktraeutahks grjihrj vgùge`j.

Jktat`jm th djt hwkwgy, jvjk gbtjrignakdlhiiatijkts thhtcjrs.

Kht rjsphksae`j bhrpjrshkg` gltahks.

Jvjryhkj‑s kjjmsgrj jqug``yaiphrtgkt.

Jvjryhkj cgsjqug` radcts th ejjxprjssavj.

Jvjryhkj cgsvgùge`jlhktraeutahks.

Ujsphksae`j bhrpjrshkg` ejcgvahr.

Jihtahks

Bjgrs rjfjltahk.

Bjj`s cj`p`jss,brustrgtahk, gkmgkdjr.

Ejgrs rjsjktijktthwgrm htcjrs‑iastrjgtijkt.

Cgs rjmuljm sj`b-rjspjlt.

Gkdry hr phwjrbu`gt tcj taij hbvalthry.

Bjj`s rjihrsj,dua`t, hr sj`b-cgtrjmbhr curtakd htcjrs.

Bjgrsgssjrtavjkjss.

Ujsjkts tcjmjigkms hb htcjrs.

Bjgrs hb ejakdlhkbrhktjm.

Bjj`s phsatavjgehut hkjsj`b gkmtcj trjgtijkt hbhtcjrs.

Cadc `jvj` hb sj`b-jstjji.

Dhg`s

Gvhams lhkbàlt.

_`jgsjs htcjrs gtgky jxpjksj.

Davjs htcjrs

lhktrh`.

Taks gt gkyjxpjksj th htcjrs.

Djts lhktrh` hvjrhtcjrs.

Djts pjrshkg` wgywatchut cgvakd thtgnj rjsphksaeaàty.

\j`b-rjspjlt as njptey jvjryhkj.

Jxprjssjs hkjsj`bwatchut cgvakd th

wak g`` tcj taij. Kh hkj lhktrh`s

gkyhkj j`sj.

=-77. Khkgutchratgtavj shurljs `gln rjàgeaàty gkm trustwhrtcakjss gkm sj`mhi stgkm gpgrt brhi gutchratgtavj

shurljs. ]cj akbhrigtahk prhvamjm ey khkgutchratgtavj shurljs djkjrg``y mhjs kht supphrt thpals gdrjjm uphk gs

ejakd truj gkm rjàge j ak glgmjiag. Khkgutchratgtavj shurljs g`sh ignj bakmakd gmmatahkg` ak-mjptc akbhrigtahk

mabbalu`t th hlgtj.



_rhmulakd H\AK]

7? Fu`y 5?75 G]_ 5-55.1 =-:

=-75. Khkgutchratgtavj shurljs grj djkjrg` y ukgvga`ge j gkm akglljssae`j ey tcj pue al. Khkgutchratgtavj

shurljs grj uklhrrhehrgtjm ey iu`tap`j pueàl shurljs hb akbhrigtahk. Jxgip`js hb khkgutchratgtavj shurljs

aklùmj eut as kht aiatjm th ”

Zkrjvajwjm mhluijkts brhi sj`b-pueàscjm Tje rjphsathrajs sulc gs e`hds, Tanapjmag, phàtalg`

satjs, gkm lhiijrlag` gmvjrtasakd.

Igtjrag` rjljavjm vag uklhrrhehrgtjm j-iga`, cjgrsgy, hr stgtjijkts sh`j`y ak hrg` bhri.

Akbhrig` pjrshkg` lhiiukalgtahks sulc gs `jttjrs th tcj jmathr gkm hpakahk jssgys.

=-7<. Tcjk jvgùgtakd shurljs hb akbhrigtahk th mjtjriakj rjàgeaàty gkm lrjmaeaàty lhksamjr ”

Amjktaty. Tch prhmuljm tcj akbhrigtahk (bhr jxgip`j g stumjkt, tjglcjr, phàtalg` hrdgkazgtahk, hr

rjphrtjr)8

Gutchraty. Chw iulc mhjs tcj shurlj nkhw gehut tcj akbhrigtahk8

Ihtavj. Tcy wgs tcj akbhrigtahk pueàscjm8

Glljss. Mam tcj shurlj cgvj marjlt glljss th tcj jvjkt hr akbhrigtahk8

]aijàkjss.Tcgt as tcj mgtj hb tcj akbhrigtahk8

Aktjrkg` gkm jxtjrkg` lhksastjkly. Mhjs tcj akbhrigtahk lhktrgmalt dhvjrkijktg` phàlajs gihkd

`hlg` latazjks8

_UHLJ\\ AKBHUIG]AHK =-7=. _rhljss as gk akbhrigtahk igkgdjijkt gltavaty6 th rgasj tcj ijgkakd hb akbhrigtahk brhi mgtg th

nkhw`jmdj (BI 2-?). ]cj bukltahk hb prhljssakd, g`tchudc kht g lhiphkjkt hb tcj aktj`àdjklj prhljss, as g

lratalg` j`jijkt ak tcj gkg`yzakd gkm prhmulakd hb H\AK]. _ueàl`y gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk gkswjrs

aktj`àdjklj gkm akbhrigtahk rjquarjijkts. Egsjm hk tcj typj hb akbhrigtahk rjljavjm, at iust ej prhljssjm

ejbhrj ejakd rjphrtjm gkm massjiakgtjm gs bakgàzjm H\AK]. Aktj`àdjklj pjrshkkj` trgksbhri pueàl`y

gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk gkm hpjk shurljs akth g bhri suatge`j bhr prhljssakd ey ”

Madatazakd.

]rgkslraeakd gkm trgks`gtakd.

MADA]AVAKD

=-7:. H\AK] pjrshkkj` lrjgtj g madatg` rjlhrm hb mhluijkts ey slgkkakd hr tgnakd madatg` pchthdrgpcs.

_jrtakjkt akbhrigtahk gehut tcj mhluijkt iust ej gkkhtgtjm th jksurj gllhuktgeaàty gkm trgljgeaàty.Madatazgtahk jkge`js tcj massjiakgtahk hb tcj mhluijkt th jxtjrkg` mgtgegsjs gkm hrdgkazgtahks, gs wj`` gs

jkge`js tcj usj hb iglcakj trgks`gtahk thh`s th slrjjk mhluijkts bhr njywhrms, kgijs, gkm pcrgsjs.

]UGK\LUAEAKD GKM ]UGK\@G]AKD

=-72. G trgkslrapt rjbjrs th g wrattjk vjregtai, kgtavj `gkdugdj rjkmjrakd hb tcj sphnjk whrms ak gk gumah hr

vamjh rjlhrmakd. Ehtc àstjkakd gkm wratakd prhbalajkly ak tcj shurlj `gkdugdj grj jssjktag` bhr gk gllurgtj

trgkslrapt. ]cj trgkslrapt aklùmjs mjslraptahks hb tcj gltavaty, eglndrhukm, gkm lhkmatahks tcgt tcj trgkslraejr

cjgrs ak tcj gumah gkm hesjrvjs ak tcj vamjh. ]cj àkduast usjs hkàkj maltahkgrajs, dgzjttjjrs, whrnakd gams, gkm

shbtwgrj th aiprhvj tcj trgkslrapt. Hklj lhip`jtjm, tcj trgkslraptahk as sjkt th g qugàty lhktrh` akduast.

=-74. G trgks`gtahk as kht vjregtai eut gk gpprhxaigtahk hb tcj àtjrg` gkm aipàjm ijgkakd hb tcj bhrjadk

`gkdugdj. ]cj àkduast iust ej ge`j th rjgm gkm lhiprjcjkm tcj shurlj `gkdugdj, wratj lhiprjcjksae`y ak

Jkdàsc, gkm lchhsj tcj jquavg`jkt jxprjssahk ak Jkdàsc tcgt bu``y lhkvjys gkm ejst igtlcjs tcj ijgkakdaktjkmjm ak tcj shurlj `gkdugdj.

=-73. Murakd prhljssakd, g àkduast lrjgtjs jatcjr gk jxtrglt, g suiigry, hr g bu`` trgks`gtahk hb tcj hradakg`

mhluijkt hr trgkslrapt akth g stgkmgrmazjm bhrigt jstgeàscjm ey ukat \H_s. ]cj àkduast usjs hkàkj maltahkgrajs,

dgzjttjjrs, whrnakd gams, gkm shbtwgrj th aiprhvj tcj trgks`gtahk. Hklj lhip`jtjm, tcj trgks`gtahk as sjkt th g

qugàty lhktrh` akduast.



Lcgptjr =

=-2 G]_ 5-55.1 7? Fu`y 5?75

=-71. @akduasts pjrbhri qugàty lhktrh` rjvajws hb jglc trgkslraptahk gkm trgks`gtahk th jksurj ehtc qugàty

gkm lhksastjkly watc jstgeàscjm ukat \H_s. G Z.\. Dhvjrkijkt hr iaàtgry àkduast schu`m rjvajw g``

akbhrigtahk tcgt g khk-Z.\. Dhvjrkijkt àkduast prhljssjs watc jxljptahks akvh`vakd `hkd-tjri

iu`takgtahkg` pgrtkjrs hb tcj Zkatjm \tgtjs gkm Z.\. lhktrglthrs watc tcj rjquasatj sna``s gkm tcj lhkbamjklj

hb tcj lhiigkm. @akduastal qugàty lhktrh` as gk aiphrtgkt bgljt th prhljss bhrjadk pueàl`y gvga`ge`j

akbhrigtahk. Jglc trgkslraptahk gkm trgks`gtahk ukmjrdhjs twh `jvj`s hb rjvajw6

Wugàty lhktrh`. Murakd qugàty lhktrh`, g qugàbajm àkduast jksurjs tcgt tcj trgkslraptahk hrtrgks`gtahk as gllurgtj, lhip`jtj, brjj hb eags, gkm ak gllhrmgklj watc rjphrtakd gkm

massjiakgtahk stgkmgrms. ]cj Z.\. àkduast rjturks tcj trgkslrapt hr trgks`gtahk bhr lhrrjltahk,

gmms hr lhrrjlts iassjm lhktjkt, hr lhrrjlts iakhr bhrigt jrrhrs. Zphk lhip`jtahk hb qugàty

lhktrh`, tcj trgkslraptahk hr trgks`gtahk as gvga`ge`j bhr prhljssakd.

Wugàty gssurgklj. Murakd qugàty gssurgklj, g qugàbajm Z.\. àkduast hr H\AK] gkg`yst

rjvajws tcj trgkslrapt hr trgks`gtahk th jksurj tcgt at lhktgaks g`` rjquarjm akbhrigtahk gkm rjgms

kgturg``y ak Jkdàsc. Hklj rjvajwjm, tcj lhip`jtjm trgkslraptahk hr trgks`gtahk as sgvjm th

aktjrkg` mgtgegsjs th ej prhljssjm bhr rjphrtakd gkm massjiakgtahk.

GKG@Q\A\ HB IJMAG \HZULJ\

=-5?. Gkg`ysas hb tcj ijmag as tcj systjigtal lhipgrashk hb tcj lhktjkt, ejcgvahr, pgttjrks, gkm trjkms hb

hrdgkal ijmag hrdgkazgtahks gkm shurljs hb g lhuktry. Gkg`ysas hb tcj ijmag gs gk gltavaty wgs mjvj`hpjm

gkm egsjm hk ijtchms gkm jxpjrajklj dgakjm murakd H\AK] jxp`hatgtahk gdgakst gutchratgragk phàtalg`systjis murakd tcj Thr`m Tgr AA gkm Lh`m Tgr jrgs wcjrj ijmag wgs dhvjrkijkt-lhktrh``jm. _ueàl`y

gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk gkm hpjk shurljs iust ej gkg`yzjm bhr prhpjr aklùsahk ak H\AK] prhljssakd.

H\AK] pjrshkkj` wjadc ijmag gkg`ysas gdgakst sjt lratjrahk. ]cjsj lratjrahks gssast H\AK] pjrshkkj` th

masljrk bglts, akmalgthrs, pgttjrks, gkm trjkms ak akbhrigtahk gkm rj`gtahkscaps. ]cas akvh`vjs akmultavj hr

mjmultavj rjgshkakd th ukmjrstgkm tcj ijgkakd hb pgst jvjkts gkm prjmalt buturj gltahks.

=-57. Lhipgrashk hb trjkms ak tcj lhktjkt hb akmavamug` ijmag watc scabts ak hbbalag` phàly suddjsts tcgt

shij ijmag lhktakujs th iarrhr tcj mhiakgkt phàly àkj. Ey jstgeàscakd g trgln rjlhrm bhr ijmag tcgt as

vu`kjrge`j th jxtjrkg` gkm aktjrkg` prjssurj th bh``hw tcj ljktrg` phàly àkj, H\AK] pjrshkkj` lgk amjktaby

phtjktag` phàly scabts. Lhipgrashk hb wcgt as sgam gkm wcgt as kht sgam gdgakst tcj eglndrhukm hb wcgt

htcjrs grj sgyakd gkm wcgt cgs ejjk sgam ejbhrj as tcj lhrj hb ijmag shurlj gkg`ysas.

=-55. Ijmag shurlj gkg`ysas as g`sh aiphrtgkt ak sjia-lhktrh``jm gkm akmjpjkmjkt ijmag jkvarhkijkts. Ak

ijmag jkvarhkijkts wcjrj ehtc hbbalag` gkm khkhbbalag` ijmag grj prjsjkt, hbbalag` ijmag igy ej prjssurjmth bh``hw tcj ljktrg` phàly àkj. Gkg`yzakd ijmag ak tcjsj jkvarhkijkts iust jklhipgss ehtc tcj

fhurkgàst gkm lhiijktgthr `jvj`. At as aiphrtgkt th jstgeàsc tcj trgln rjlhrm hb sulc akmavamug`s th maslhvjr

glljss th aksamjr akbhrigtahk brhi pgrts hb tcj dhvjrkijkt hr ejakd usjm ey hbbalag`s th b`hgt phàlajs.

Khtj. Mabbjrjkljs ak lhktjkt ejtwjjk ijmag hut`jts lhktrh``jm ey mabbjrjkt hbbalag` jàtjs lgk

rjvjg` phàly gkm `jgmjrscap masputjs. Bhr jxgip`j, g rjphrt hk g spjjlc ey tcj _rjsamjkt

lhvjrjm ey dhvjrkijkt-lhktrh``jm ijmag igy rjvjg` mabbjrjkljs brhi rjphrts lhvjrakd tcj sgij

spjjlc ak jatcjr g sjia-lhktrh``jm hr akmjpjkmjkt ijmag jkvarhkijkt.

=-5<. ]cj tcrjj gspjlts hb ijmag shurlj gkg`ysas grj ”

Ijmag lhktrh`.

Ijmag strulturj.

Ijmag lhktjkt.



_rhmulakd H\AK]

7? Fu`y 5?75 G]_ 5-55.1 =-4

Ijmag Lhktrh`

=-5=. Gkg`yzakd ijmag jkvarhkijkts ak tjris hb ijmag lhktrh` rjquarjs gwgrjkjss ey aktj`àdjklj

pjrshkkj` hb chw mabbjrjkt j`jijkts hb tcj ijmag glt, akbùjklj, gkm grj hb aktj`àdjklj vgùj. Lgrjbu`

jxgiakgtahk hb tcj mabbjrjkljs ak chw ijmag as cgkm`jm ak mabbjrjkt typjs hb jkvarhkijkts lgk prhvamj

aksadct akth mhijstal gkm bhrjadk dhvjrkijkt strgtjdajs. Ijmag jkvarhkijkts grj lgtjdhrazjm gs ”

Dhvjrkijkt-lhktrh``jm.

Lhktrh` hvjr tcj ijmag as ljktrgàzjm.

]cj mhiakgkt j`jijkt hb lhktrh` as tcj dhvjrkijkt gkm cadcjr tajrs hb phàtalg` `jgmjrscap.

Dhvjrkijkts usj ljkshrscap ijlcgkasis th jxjrlasj lhktrh` hvjr ijmag lhktjkt prahr th

massjiakgtahk hb akbhrigtahk.

\jia-lhktrh``jm.

Lhktrh` hvjr tcj ijmag as sjia-ljktrgàzjm.

Dhvjrkijkts jxjrlasj gkm prhihtj sj`b-ljkshrscap ey prjssurakd ijmag igkgdjrs gkm

fhurkgàsts prahr th massjiakgtahk hb akbhrigtahk.

Akmjpjkmjkt.

Lhktrh` hvjr tcj ijmag as mjljktrgàzjm.

Dhvjrkijkts igy rjdu`gtj g``hlgtahk hb erhgmlgst brjqujklajs, ihrgàty ak lhktjkt,

hwkjrscap ak ijmag igrnjts, gkm hllgsahkg``y gpp`y phàtalg` prjssurj gdgakst ijmag hr fhurkgàsts.

Jlhkhial bglthrs, khris hb tcj fhurkgàst prhbjssahk, tcj prjbjrjkljs hb pjhp`j wch igkgdj

ijmag, gkm tcj qugàtajs hb akmavamug` fhurkgàsts wch rjphrt hr lhiijkt hk tcj kjws g``

akbùjklj hr lhktrh` ijmag lhktjkt.

=-5:. G`` ijmag jkvarhkijkts grj lhktrh``jm th shij mjdrjj gkm tcjrjbhrj jgsajr th pjrbhri ijmag shurlj

gkg`ysas. ]cj lcg``jkdj bhr H\AK] pjrshkkj` as th mjtjriakj tcj `jvj`, bglthrs, gkm j`jijkts (sjj tge`j =-<) tcgt

jàtjs, akstatutahks, hr akmavamug`s jxjrlasj lhktrh`, chw iulc phwjr jglc phssjssjs, gkm wcgt grjgs grj hb aktjrjst

th sgtasby aktj`àdjklj gkm akbhrigtahk rjquarjijkts.

]ge`j =-<. @jvj`, bglthrs, gkm j`jijkts hb ijmag lhktrh`

@jvj` Bglthr J`jijkts

_hàt alg`

]cj `gws gkm khris dhvjrkakd

hpjrgtahks hb tcj ijmag, hbbalag`s, gkmtcj mastraeutahk hb phwjr

]hp `jgmjrscap lhksjksus

]hp `jgmjrs akmavamug``y

Akstatutahks

Fhurkg` as t

]cj mjdrjj hb brjjmhi gbbhrmjm thtcj ijmag ey tcj phàtalg` systji tcgtas suehrmakgtjm brhi ijmagjxjlutavjs, th ijmag igkgdjrs, gkmth akmavamug` fhurkgàsts

Ehgrm hb marjlthrs hb ijmaglhipgkajs

Akmavamug` marjlthrs

Akbùjktag` scgrjch`mjrs

Igkgdakd jmathrs

Mjpgrtijkt jmathrs

_rhdrgi prhmuljrs

Gklchrs

Akmavamug` fhurkgàst

Akmav amug`

]cj `gws gkm khris dhvjrkakd tcjgppjgrgklj gkm ejcgvahr hbakmavamug`s ak tcj ijmag

Drhup hb suefjlts hr pgrtalapgkts

Akmavamug` suefjlt hr pgrtalapgkt

Ijmag \trulturj

=-52. Ijmag strulturj jklhipgssjs gttraeutjs hb ijmag igtjrag`. ]cjrj grj strulturg` j`jijkts tcgt gbbjlt tcj

ijgkakd gkm sadkabalgklj hb tcj lhktjkt hb tcj atji gkm grj hbtjk gs aiphrtgkt gs tcj lhktjkt atsj`b. Gkg`ysas hb

tcjsj j`jijkts uklhvjrs aksadcts akth tcj phakts hb vajw hb pjrshkkj` ak dhvjrkijkt-lhktrh``jm, sjia-lhktrh``jm,

gkm akmjpjkmjkt jkvarhkijkts th jstgeàsc tcj strulturj hb ijmag j`jijkts.



Lcgptjr =

=-3 G]_ 5-55.1 7? Fu`y 5?75

=-54. ]cj ijmag strulturg` j`jijkts grj ”

\j`jltahk, hiassahk, gkm s`gkt.

Cajrgrlcy hb phwjr.

Bhrigt.

Ijmag typj.

_rhiakjklj.

Massjiakgtahk.

]aiakd.

\jjltahk, Hiassahk, gkm \`gkt

=-53. \j`jltahk hb ijmag atjis as g bukmgijktg` jmathrag` mjlasahk gt tcj lhrj hb kjws rjphrtakd. \j`jltahk

aklùmjs ijmag igkgdjr mjlasahks gehut wcalc sthrajs grj lhvjrjm, wcalc sthrajs grj kht lhvjrjm, gkm wcalc

s`gkt (vajwphakt), aigdjs, gkm akbhrigtahk schu`m ej aklùmjm, jipcgsazjm, mjjipcgsazjm, hr hiattjm ak g kjws

atji.

C ajrgrlcy hb _hwjr

=-51. G`` phàtalg` systjis akvh`vj g cajrgrlcy hb phwjr (sjj tge`j =-=) tcgt `hdalg``y bh``hws hbbalag` stgtjijkts

assujm ey j`jijkts ak lhrrjsphkmakd cajrgrlcy hb gutchratgtavjkjss. Gutchratgtavjkjss as tcj ànjàchhm tcgt tcj

vajws jxprjssjm ak tcj stgtjijkt rjprjsjkt tcj mhiakgkt vajwphakt watcak tcj phàtalg` systji. ]cj cajrgrlcy as

hevahus gt tcj phàtalg` jvj ” g stgtjijkt ey tcj praij iakastjr truips g stgtjijkt ey g iakastjr. Ak htcjr lgsjs,

tcj cajrgrlcy igy kht ej sh hevahus ” g spjjlc ey tcj pgrty lcgarigk as ihrj gutchratgtavj tcgk tcj cjgm hb stgtj.

]ge`j =-=. Cajrgrlcy hb ijmag phwjr

Akbhrigtahk

]ypj_urphsj Jxgip`j

Ujphrts Akbhri tcj vajwjr, àstjkjr, hr rjgmjr Gutchratgtavj hr khkgutchratgtavj egsjm hk trglnrjlhrm

Lhiijktgrygkm jmathrag`s

\tgtj g phsatahk hr hpakahk gkm pjrsugmjtcj vajwjr, àstjkjr, hr rjgmjr

Lhiijktgthrs Gutchratgtavj6

Nkhw psjumhkyi hb thp `jgmjr

Nkhwk gmvashr th _raij Iakastjr

Gsshlagtjm watc igfhr pgrty

Lhktraeuthr th g igfhr pgpjr

Jmathrs

Gutchratgtavj6

Uuàkd pgrty‑s `jgmjrs hr `grdj mhkhrs

@grdj sjdijkt hb phàtalg` hr bakgklag` jàtj

@grdj kuiejrs hb vhtjrs hr sig``lgipgadk lhktraeuthrs

\ig`` sjdijkt hb vhtjrs hr phpu`gtahk watcspjlag` aktjrjsts hr rgmalg` vajws

@hlg` hbbalag`s gkm latazjks

Hbbalag`\tgtjijkt

Mjl`grgtahk hb phàly hr phsatahk ey gkhbbaljr hr gk jxjlutavj ehmy hb tcjdhvjrkijkt hr ruàkd pgrty

Gutchratgtavj6

_rjsamjkt \jlrjtgry hb \tgtj

\tgtj Mjpgrtijkt sphnjspjrshk



_rhmulakd H\AK]

7? Fu`y 5?75 G]_ 5-55.1 =-1

Bhrigt

=-<?. Bhrigt lhksasts hb chw ijmag as prhmuljm gkm massjiakgtjm bhr pueàl lhksuiptahk. Bhrigt lgk ej

ak tcj bhri hb g àvj kjws rjphrt, g àvj aktjrvajw, hr g prjrjlhrmjm rjphrt hr aktjrvajw tcgt davjs

akmavamug`s ihrj hpphrtukaty th akbùjklj tcj lhktjxt mjàvjrjm th lhksuijrs.

Ijmag ]ypj

=-<7. ]j`jvasahk as tcj ijmaui watc tcj `grdjst phtjktag` gumajklj ak ijmag jkvarhkijkts gkm cgs g

sadkabalgkt aipglt ak scgpakd tcj aiprjssahks hb tcj djkjrg` vajwakd pueàl. ]j`jvasahk cgs rjp`gljm rgmah

gs tcj igak shurlj hb kjws jxljpt ak ijmag jkvarhkijkts wcjrj phvjrty prjvjkts igss glljss th tj`jvasahk.

Bjwjr pjhp`j igy djt akbhrigtahk brhi kjwspgpjrs gkm Aktjrkjt kjws Tje satjs, eut tcjsj pjhp`j igy ej

ralcjr, ejttjr jmulgtjm, gkm ihrj akbùjktag` tcgk tcj djkjrg` tj`jvasahk gumajklj. \pjlagàzjm prakt

pueàlgtahks gkm Aktjrkjt Tje satjs rjglc g sta`` sig``jr gumajklj, eut tcj gumajklj wa`` ànj`y aklùmj

hbbalag`s gkm jxpjrts wch tcgt cgvj akbùjklj hk phàly mjegtjs gkm hutlhijs.

_rhiakjklj

=-<5. Wujstahks th lhksamjr pjrtgakakd th prhiakjklj hb ijmag sthrajs grj ”

Mhjs tcj sthry gppjgr hk tcj brhkt pgdj hb kjwspgpjrs hr hk tcj chijpgdj hb kjws Tje satjs8

Chw iulc spglj as tcj sthry davjk8

Ak wcgt hrmjr mhjs tcj sthry gppjgr ak tcj kjws erhgmlgst8

As at bjgturjm ak tcj hpjkakd prjvajws hb tcj kjwslgst8

Chw brjqujkt`y as tcj sthry rjerhgmlgst hk suesjqujkt kjwslgsts hr eu``jtaks8

Chw iulc gartaij mam at djt8

Massjiakgtahk

=-<<. Gttjktahk th pgttjrks hb massjiakgtahk hb `jgmjr stgtjijkts as aiphrtgkt ak dhvjrkijkt-lhktrh``jm

ijmag jkvarhkijkts. @jgmjrs lhiiukalgtj pueàl`y ak g vgrajty hb wgys sulc gs bhrig` phàly stgtjijkts,

bhrig` aktjrvajws, gkm aiprhiptu rjigrns. Ey lhipgrakd tcj vhùij hb ijmag gttjktahk davjk th g

stgtjijkt, mjtjriakgtahk as igmj th wcjtcjr tcj stgtjijkt wgs aktjkmjm th ej tgnjk gs g prhkhukljijkt hb

jstgeàscjm phàly hr ijrj`y gs gk gm chl, uklhhrmakgtjm jxprjssahk prhiptjm ey kgrrhw lhktjxtug` hr

tjiphrg` lhkmatahks.

]aiakd

=-<=. H\AK] pjrshkkj` cgvj trgmatahkg``y pgam l`hsj gttjktahk th tcj taiakd hb tcj gppjgrgklj hb

akbhrigtahk ak tcj ijmag gs tcj akbhrigtahk lhrrjsphkms th tcj kjws lyl`j. G kjws lyl`j as tcj prhljss gkm

taiakd ey wcalc mabbjrjkt typjs hb ijmag shurljs hetgak akbhrigtahk, aklhrphrgtj hr turk tcj akbhrigtahk

akth g prhmult, gkm ignj tcj prhmult gvga`ge`j th tcj pueàl.

Ijmag Lhktjkt

=-<:. Zkmjrstgkmakd tcj sadkabalgklj hb ijmag lhktjkt lgk jkcgklj tcj vgùj hb ijmag shurlj gkg`ysas.

Ijmag lhktjkt jklhipgssjs tcj j`jijkts hb ”

Igkabjst lhktjkt.

@gtjkt lhktjkt.

Igkab jst Lhktjkt

=-<2. Igkabjst lhktjkt as tcj gltug` whrms, aigdjs, gkm shukms lhkvjyjm ey hpjk shurljs. Hkj hb tcj ihst

aiphrtgkt bhris hb ijmag shurlj gkg`ysas akvh`vjs tcj lgrjbu` lhipgrashk hb tcj lhktjkt hb gutchratgtavj

hbbalag` stgtjijkts th amjktaby tcj phàlajs hr aktjktahks rjprjsjktjm. Dhvjrkijkts, phàtalg` jktatajs, gkm

glthrs usj stgtjijkts gkm akbhrigtahk rj`jgsjm th tcj ijmag th strjkdtcjk, supphrt, gkm prhihtj phàlajs.



Lcgptjr =

=-7? G]_ 5-55.1 7? Fu`y 5?75

=-<4. Igkabjst lhktjkt gkg`ysas hb gutchratgtavj pueàl stgtjijkts as gk jbbjltavj thh` th masljrk `jgmjrscap

aktjktahks gkm gttatumjs. Igkabjst lhktjkt, ak hrmjr th ej jbbjltavj, lhksasts hb tcj bh``hwakd6

Jshtjral lhiiukalgtahks hr ‐rjgmakd ejtwjjk tcj àkjs’ grj pueàl stgtjijkts wchsj surbglj

ijgkakd (igkabjst lhktjkt) mhjs kht rjvjg` tcj rjg` purphsj, ijgkakd, hr sadkabalgklj (`gtjkt

lhktjkt) hb tcj gutchr. Jshtjral lhiiukalgtahk as pgrtalu`gr`y jvamjkt ak phàtalg` systjis watc

strhkd tgehhs gdgakst pueàl lhktjktahk hr ak lgsjs wcjrj sjksatavj assujs grj gt stgnj. Jshtjral

lhiiukalgtahk as ihrj bhrigàzjm ak shij ijmag jkvarhkijkts tcgk ak htcjrs eut as lhiihk akg`` phàtalg` lhiiukalgtahks.

Iu`taijmag lhktjkt gkg`ysas lhksamjrs j`jijkts hb lhktjkt ejyhkm tcj whrms usjm sulc gs

bglag` jxprjssahks, vhalj akb`jltahks hb `jgmjrs davakd g spjjlcjs hr wca`j ejakd aktjrvajwjm, hr

tcj rjgmakd hb g slrapt ey g kjws erhgmlgstjr g`` prhvamj akmalgthrs gehut tcj vajws hb g suefjlt

hr thpal. ]cjsj akmalgthrs gssast th mjtjriakj wcjtcjr g stgtjijkt wgs sjrahus`y lhksamjrjm,

aktjkmjm th ej cuihrhus, hr saip`y aiprhiptu.

Casthralg` hr pgst ejcgvahr hb hpjk shurljs iust ej lhksamjrjm. Akbùjkljs sulc gs ijmag

hut`jt, fhurkgàst, kjwsignjr, hr kjws erhgmlgstjr grj bglthrs ejyhkm aiijmagtj lhktrh`. Htcjr

assujs sulc gs taij prjssurjs, mjgmàkjs, hr tjlckalg` ig`bukltahks, igy g`sh gbbjlt tcj lhktjkt hr

lhktjxt hb pueàl akbhrigtahk. Gkg`ysts‑ fumdijkts gehut shurlj ejcgvahr iust ej igmj watc

lgrjbu` lhksamjrgtahk hb prjvahus ejcgvahr.

@gtjkt Lhktjkt

=-<3. @gtjkt lhktjkt rjbjrs th tcj cammjk ijgkakd hb g tchudct. @gtjkt lhktjkt lgk rjvjg` pgttjrks gehut tcj

vajws gkm gltahks hb tcj ijmag lhktrh``jrs. ]cjsj pgttjrks gkm ru`js lhij brhi tcj ukstgtjm lhktjkt tcgt prhvamjs

tcj ukmjr`yakd ijgkakd hb ijmag lhktjkt gkm ejcgvahr. Tcjk g pgttjrk hb lhktjkt as lcgkdjm, akbjrjklj hb g

lcgkdj ak tcj vajwphakt hb tcj lhktrh``jr hr g lcgkdj ak tcj eg`gklj hb phwjr gihkd mabbjrjkt lhktrh`àkd

j`jijkts cgs hllurrjm.

UJ_HU] GKM MA\\JIAKG]J AKBHUIG]AHK

=-<1. Aktj`àdjklj gkm akbhrigtahk rjquarjijkts sgtasbajm tcrhudc pueàl`y gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk gkm hpjk

shurljs schu`m ej aiijmagtj`y rjphrtjm gkm massjiakgtjm ak gllhrmgklj watc ukat \H_s tcgt grj djkjrg``y

ljktjrjm hk aktj`àdjklj rjquarjijkts, akbhrigtahk lratalgàty, gkm akbhrigtahk sjksatavaty.

Khtj . \tgbb pjrshkkj` kht marjlt`y gssadkjm th tcj H\AK] sjltahk g`sh glquarj akbhrigtahk tcgt asaklhrphrgtjm watcak tcj rukkakd jstaigtj hb jglc stgbb j`jijkt. L`hsj lhhpjrgtahk ejtwjjk tcjsj

akmavamug`s bhstjrs g supphrtavj jkvarhkijkt gehut wcgt gkm chw th rjphrt akbhrigtahk hb

phtjktag` hpjrgtahkg` hr aktj`àdjklj vgùj tcrhudc tcj prhpjr lcgkkj`s.

=-=?. Bakgàzjm H\AK] sjrvjs kh purphsj uk`jss at as taij`y, gllurgtj, gkm prhpjr`y massjiakgtjm th

lhiigkmjrs gkm lusthijrs ak g usjge`j bhri. Ujphrtakd gkm massjiakgtakd g bakgàzjm H\AK] prhmult tcgt

sgtasbajs aktj`àdjklj gkm akbhrigtahk rjquarjijkts aklùmj eut grj kht àiatjm th ”

\akd`j maslapàkj hr iu`tamaslapàkj jstaigtjs hr gssjssijkts.

\tgtjijkts hb bglts.

Jvgùgtahks hb tcrjgt lgpgeaàtajs gkm àiatgtahks.

]cj tcrjgt‑s ànj`y LHGs.

U J_HU]AKD DZAMJ@AKJ\ GKM IJ]CHM\

=-=7. Jbbjltavj massjiakgtahk lrjgtjs g ijlcgkasi hb bjjmegln ak hrmjr th gssjss usjbu`kjss gkm prjmalt hr

gssjss buturj aktj`àdjklj gkm akbhrigtahk rjquarjijkts. ]cj hefjltavj ak rjphrtakd gkm massjiakgtakd

aktj`àdjklj gkm akbhrigtahk as th prhvamj rj`jvgkly th supphrt lhkmultakd (p`gkkakd, prjpgrakd, jxjlutakd,

gkm gssjssakd) hpjrgtahks.



_rhmulakd H\AK]

7? Fu`y 5?75 G]_ 5-55.1 =-77

=-=5. ]cj egsal duamjàkjs ak prjpgrakd prhmults bhr rjphrtakd gkm massjiakgtakd akbhrigtahk grj ”

]aij`y. Akbhrigtahk schu`m ej rjphrtjm th gbbjltjm ukats watchut mj`gy bhr tcj sh`j purphsj hb

jksurakd tcj lhrrjlt bhrigt.

Uj`jvgkt. Akbhrigtahk iust lhktraeutj th tcj gkswjrakd hb aktj`àdjklj rjquarjijkts. Uj`jvgkt

akbhrigtahk rjmuljs lh``jltahk, hrdgkazgtahk, gkm trgksiassahk taijs.

Lhip`jtj. _rjslraejm bhrigts gkm \H_s jksurj lhip`jtjkjss hb trgksiattjm akbhrigtahk.

=-=<. ]cj tcrjj rjphrtakd ijtchms usjm th lhkvjy aktj`àdjklj gkm akbhrigtahk grj ”

Trattjk. Ijtchms aklùmj bhrigts (spht rjphrts), tgltalg` rjphrts (]GLUJ_s), hr akbhrigtahk

aktj`àdjklj rjphrts (AAUs).

Drgpcal. Tje-egsjm rjphrt massjiakgtahk as gk jbbjltavj tjlckaquj th jksurj tcj wamjst gwgrjkjss hb

wrattjk gkm drgpcalg` akbhrigtahk glrhss jlcj`hks. H\AK] pjrshkkj` lgk lh``gehrgtj gkm prhvamj

stgtusjs hb aktj`àdjklj rjquarjijkts tcrhudc Tje satjs. Akbhrigtahk lgk g`sh ej up`hgmjm th vgrahus

mgtgegsjs th supphrt buturj hpjk-shurlj iassahks gkm hpjrgtahks.

Rjreg` gkm vhalj. ]cj ihst lhiihk wgy th massjiakgtj aktj`àdjklj gkm akbhrigtahk vjreg``y as

tcrhudc g iaàtgry erajbakd. Egsjm hk tcj lratalgàty, sjksatavaty, gkm taijàkjss hb tcj akbhrigtahk, gm

chl gkm aiprhiptu vjreg` lhiiukalgtahk ijtchms grj tcj ihst jbbalajkt th mjàvjr akbhrigtahk th

lhiigkmjrs.

\JLZUA]Q MHIGAK\ =-==. H\AK] as massjiakgtjm vag sjluraty mhigaks. G sjluraty mhigak as gk gppàlgtahk hr lh``jltahk hb

gppàlgtahks tcgt scgrj tcj sgij gutcjktalgtahk hr gutchrazgtahk. G sjluraty mhigak mjtjriakjs tcj hvjrg``

l`gssabalgtahk hb gk jkl`gvj hb sjrvjrs, lhiputjrs, hr kjtwhrns. Kjtwhrns grj sjpgrgtjm ey l`gssabalgtahk ak

hrmjr th prjvjkt tcj lhiprhiasj hb akbhrigtahk. H\AK] hrdgkazgtahks lgk jxlcgkdj pueàl`y gvga`ge`j

akbhrigtahk hk ukl`gssabajm gkm l`gssabajm kjtwhrns glrhss jlcj`hks ejtwjjk Griy gkm htcjr grijm bhrljs

gs wj`` gs fhakt hrdgkazgtahks gkm bjmjrg`, stgtj, gkm `hlg` dhvjrkijkt gdjklajs.

=-=:. ]cj rjpàlgtahk hb Tje satjs gkm mgtgegsjs brhi ukl`gssabajm kjtwhrns th l`gssabajm kjtwhrns jksurj

pueàl`y gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk, hpjk shurljs, gkm bakgàzjm H\AK] prhmults grj rjphrtjm gkm massjiakgtjm

th aktj`àdjklj gkm khkaktj`àdjklj pjrshkkj` th supphrt ukabajm `gkm hpjrgtahks. ]cj jstgeàscijkt hb gk

jbbjltavj H\AK] grlcatjlturj akvh`vjs tcj prhpjr utaàzgtahk hb tcj tcrjj praigry sjluraty mhigaks6

Fhakt Thr`mwamj Aktj`àdjklj Lhiiukalgtahks \ystji (FTAL\).

\A_UKJ]. KA_UKJ].

Fhakt Thr`mwamj Aktj`àdjklj Lhiiukalgtahks \ystji

=-=2. FTAL\ as g systji hb aktjrlhkkjltjm lhiputjr kjtwhrns usjm ey vgrahus Z.\. Dhvjrkijkt mjpgrtijkts th

trgksiat ]\/\LA hvjr tcj trgksiassahk lhktrh` prhthlh`/Aktjrkjt prhthlh` (]L_/A_) suatj ak g sjlurj jkvarhkijkt.

FTAL\ supphrts tcj syklcrhkazgtahk hb H\AK] jxp`hatgtahk, massjiakgtahk hb H\AK] gkm supphrtakd ijtgmgtg,

gkm lh``gehrgtahk ejtwjjk mjp`hyjm gkm supphrtakd aktj`àdjklj pjrshkkj`.

\JLUJ] Aktjrkjt _rhthlh` Uhutjr Kjtwhrn

=-=4. \A_UKJ] as g systji hb aktjrlhkkjltjm lhiputjr kjtwhrns usjm ey vgrahus Z.\. Dhvjrkijkt

mjpgrtijkts th trgksiat l`gssabajm akbhrigtahk hvjr tcj ]L_/A_ ak g sjlurj jkvarhkijkt. \A_UKJ] as tcj

praklapg iassahk-lhiigkm mgtg kjtwhrn gt tcj tgltalg` `jvj`. ]cj kjtwhrn g` hws glljss th H\AK] sjrvaljs gkm

prhmults tcrhudc vgrahus mgtgegsjs, gs wj`` gs davjs aktj àdjklj gkm khkaktj` adjklj pjrshkkj tcj geaàty th

lh``gehrgtj, vajw, sueiat, gkm trgln H\AK] aktj`àdjklj gkm akbhrigtahk rjquarjijkts.



Lcgptjr =

=-75 G]_ 5-55.1 7? Fu`y 5?75

Khksjlurj Aktjrkjt _rhthlh` Uhutjr Kjtwhrn

=-=3. KA_UKJ] as usjm ey vgrahus Z.\. Dhvjrkijkt mjpgrtijkts th jxlcgkdj akbhrigtahk up th tcj

sjksatavj eut ukl`gssabajm `jvj`. KA_UKJ] as lhkbadurjm th prhvamj glljss th Aktjrkjt-egsjm lgpgeaàtajs

glrhss g`` MHM lhiphkjkts. At as tcj mhigak ihst lhiihk`y usjm th lhkmult hpjk-shurlj rjsjgrlc gkm prhmulj

H\AK].

UJ_HU]AKD GKM MA\\JIAKG]AHK LHK\AMJUG]AHK\

=-=1. Tcjk rjphrtakd gkm massjiakgtakd H\AK] prhmults, lhksamjrgtahks aklùmj eut grj kht àiatjm th ”

L`gssabalgtahk. Tcjk lrjgtakd prhmults brhi rgw akbhrigtahk, wratj-th-rj`jgsj gt tcj `hwjst

l`gssabalgtahk `jvj` th bglaàtgtj tcj wamjst mastraeutahk hb tcj aktj`àdjklj. Zsj tjgràkj rjphrt

bhrigts th bglaàtgtj tcj sjpgrgtahk hb l`gssabajm gkm ukl`gssabajm akbhrigtahk bhr usjrs hpjrgtakd

hk lhiiukalgtahks kjtwhrns hb mabbjrakd sjluraty `jvj`s. Hrdgkazgtahks watc hradakg` l`gssabalgtahk

gutchraty hr pjrshkkj` watc mjravgtavj l`gssabalgtahk rjsphksaeaàtajs iust prhvamj suehrmakgtj

hrdgkazgtahks gkm pjrshkkj` watc g sjluraty l`gssabalgtahk duamj hr duamgklj bhr akbhrigtahk gkm

aktj`àdjklj mjravjm brhi pueàl`y gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk gkm hpjk shurljs ak gllhrmgklj watc tcj

phàly gkm prhljmurjs ak GU <3?-:.

Bjjmegln-ijlcgkasi mjvj`hpijkt. J-iga`, phstg` gmmrjssjs, rgtakd systjis, gkm survjy bhris

grj ijlcgkasis tcgt H\AK] pjrshkkj` lgk usj ak hrmjr th ukmjrstgkm tcj akbhrigtahk

rjquarjijkts bhr lusthijrs. Aktj``jltug` prhpjrty amjktabalgtahk. Amjktaby aktj``jltug` prhpjrty tcgt gk gutchr hr gk

hrdgkazgtahk cgs lhpyradctjm, pgtjktjm, hr trgmjigrnjm tgnjk th prjsjrvj radcts th tcj

akbhrigtahk. H\AK] jxp`hatgtahk mhjs kht akvh`vj tcj sj`àkd, aiphrtakd, hr jxphrtakd hb

aktj``jltug` prhpjrty. H\AK] pjrshkkj` jkdgdakd ak jxp`hatgtahk schu`m latj g`` shurljs usjm ak

rjphrtjm gkm massjiakgtjm prhmults. Tcjk ukljrtgak, H\AK] pjrshkkj` schu`m lhktglt tcj

supphrtakd \FG hbbalj ejbhrj rjphrtakd gkm massjiakgtakd g bakgàzjm H\AK] prhmult.

Zsj hb jxastakd massjiakgtahk ijtchms, wcjk gkm ab phssae`j. Lrjgtakd kjw massjiakgtahk

ijtchms lgk gt taijs lhipàlgtj jxastakd massjiakgtahk ijtchms.

Gkg`ytalg` patbg``s. Gkg`ysts kjjm th ej lhdkazgkt tcgt tcjrj grj patbg``s wcjk rjphrtakd gkm

massjiakgtakd H\AK]. ]cj jrrhrs, rjbjrrjm th gs bg``glajs (hiassahk gkm gssuiptahk), grj usug``y

lhiiattjm gllamjktg``y g`tchudc shijtaijs tcjy grj mjàejrgtj`y usjm th pjrsugmj, lhkvaklj, hr

mjljavj. Gkg`ysts iust g`sh ej gwgrj hb cgsty djkjrgàzgtahk, bg`sj lgusj, iasusj hb gkg`hdajs

gkm `gkdugdjs, eagsjs (lu`turg`, pjrshkg`, hrdgkazgtahkg`, lhdkatavj), gkm cakmsadct. (Bhr ihrj

akbhrigtahk hk gkg`ytalg` patbg``s, sjj ]L 5-<<.=.)



7? Fu`y 5?75 G]_ 5-55.1 G-7

Gppjkmax G

@jdg` Ujstraltahks gkm Ujdu`gthry @aiatgtahks

_ueàl`y gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk gkm hpjk shurljs lhvjr g wamj grrgy hb grjgs.Jxp`hrakd, gssjssakd, gkm lh``jltakd pueàl`y gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk gkm hpjk shurljscgs tcj phtjktag` th gmvjrsj`y gbbjlt hrdgkazgtahks tcgt jxjlutj H\AK] iassahks. Ak

shij rjdgrms, H\AK] iassahks lhu`m akvh`vj akbhrigtahk jatcjr dgtcjrjm gdgakst hrmjàvjrjm ey Z.\. pjrshks. Davjk tcj slhpj hb H\AK] gkm ats gppàlgeaàty watcak tcjaktj`àdjklj lhiiukaty, cgvakd g bari gwgrjkjss hb aktj`àdjklj hvjrsadct gkm ats

rjdu`gthry gppàlgtahks as kjljssgry.

JSJLZ]ARJ HUMJU 75<<<G-7. G`` H\AK] jxp`hatgtahk lhkmultjm ey aktj`àdjklj gkm khkaktj`àdjklj pjrshkkj` iust lhip`y watc

tcj `jdg` rjstraltahks, phàlajs, gkm duamjàkjs hutàkjm ak JH 75<<< gkm htcjr gsshlagtjm rjdu`gtahks,

akstrultahks, hr marjltavjs.

G-5. JH 75<<< stgtjs tcj dhg` hb tcj kgtahkg` aktj`àdjklj jbbhrt as th prhvamj tcj _rjsamjkt gkm tcj

Kgtahkg` \jluraty Lhukla` tcj kjljssgry akbhrigtahk hk wcalc th egsj mjlasahks lhkljrkakd tcj lhkmult

gkm mjvj`hpijkt hb bhrjadk mjbjksj, jlhkhial phàly, gkm prhtjltahk hb Z.\. kgtahkg` aktjrjsts.

G-<. JH 75<<< hradakgtjm brhi hpjrgtahks tcgt MHM aktj`àdjklj ukats lhkmultjm gdgakst Z.\. pjrshks

akvh`vjm ak tcj Lava` Uadcts gkm gkta-Rajtkgi Tgr ihvjijkts. MHM aktj`àdjklj pjrshkkj` usjm hvjrt gkm

lhvjrt ijgks th lh``jlt akbhrigtahk hk tcj phàtalg` phsatahks hb Z.\. pjrshks, rjtgakjm tcj akbhrigtahk ak g

kgtahkwamj mgtgegsj, gkm massjiakgtjm tcj akbhrigtahk th `gw jkbhrljijkt gutchratajs.

G-=. ]cj purphsj hb JH 75<<< as th jkcgklj cuigk gkm tjlckalg` lh``jltahk tjlckaqujs, tcj glquasatahk hbbhrjadk aktj`àdjklj, gkm tcj lhuktjrakd hb aktjrkgtahkg` tjrrhrast gltavatajs lhkmultjm ey bhrjadk phwjrs

jspjlag``y tchsj ukmjrtgnjk gerhgm, gkm tcj glquasatahk hb sadkabalgkt bhrjadk aktj`àdjklj, gs wj`` gs tcj

mjtjltahk gkm lhuktjrakd hb aktjrkgtahkg` tjrrhrast gltavatajs gkm jspahkgdj lhkmultjm ey bhrjadk phwjrs.

Gllurgtj gkm taij`y akbhrigtahk gehut tcj lgpgeaàtajs, aktjktahks, gkm gltavatajs hb bhrjadk phwjrs,

hrdgkazgtahks, gkm suehrmakgtj gdjkts as jssjktag` th akbhrijm kgtahkg` mjbjksj mjlasahks. Lh``jltahk hb sulc

akbhrigtahk as g prahraty hefjltavj, pursujm ak g vadhrhus, akkhvgtavj, gkm rjsphksae`j igkkjr tcgt as

lhksastjkt watc tcj Z.\. Lhkstatutahk gkm gppàlge`j `gws gkm praklap`js.

AK]JU_UJ]G]AHK GKM AI_@JIJK]G]AHK

G-:. GU <37-7? aktjrprjts gkm aip`jijkts JH 75<<< gkm MHM :5=?.7-U. GU <37-7? jkge`js tcj

aktj`àdjklj lhiiukaty th pjrbhri gutchrazjm aktj`àdjklj bukltahks ak g igkkjr tcgt prhtjlts tcj

lhkstatutahkg` radcts hb Z.\. pjrshks. ]cj rjdu`gtahk mhjs kht gutchrazj aktj`àdjklj gltavaty. Gk Griyaktj`àdjklj ukat hr hrdgkazgtahk iust cgvj tcj iassahk th lhkmult gky aktj`àdjklj gltavaty marjltjm gdgakst

Z.\. pjrshks. Ak gllhrmgklj watc tcj _hssj Lhiatgtus Glt (\jltahk 7<3:, ]at`j 73, Z\L), tcj rjdu`gtahk

mhjs kht gpp`y th Griy aktj`àdjklj ukats hr hrdgkazgtahks wcjk jkdgdjm ak lava` masturegklj hr `gw

jkbhrljijkt gltavatajs watchut prahr gpprhvg` ey tcj \jlrjtgry hb Mjbjksj.



Gppjkmax G

G-5 G]_ 5-55.1 7? Fu`y 5?75

G\\ADKJM BZKL]AHK\

G-2. Egsjm hk JH 75<<<, tcj gssadkjm aktj`àdjklj bukltahks hb tcj Griy grj th ”

Lh``jlt, prhmulj, gkm massjiakgtj iaàtgry-rj`gtjm bhrjadk aktj`àdjklj gs rjquarjm bhr jxjlutahk

hb rjsphksaeaàty hb tcj \jlrjtgry hb Mjbjksj.

Lhkmult prhdrgis gkm iassahks kjljssgry th bu`ba`` mjpgrtijktg` bhrjadk aktj`àdjklj

rjquarjijkts. Lhkmult gltavatajs ak supphrt hb MHM lhiphkjkts hutsamj tcj Zkatjm \tgtjs ak lhhrmakgtahk watc

tcj Ljktrg` Aktj`àdjklj Gdjkly (LAG) gkm watcak tcj Zkatjm \tgtjs ak lhhrmakgtahk watc tcj

Bjmjrg` Eurjgu hb akvjstadgtahk (BEA) pursugkt th prhljmurjs gdrjjm uphk ey tcj \jlrjtgry hb

Mjbjksj gkm tcj Gtthrkjy Djkjrg`.

_rhtjlt tcj sjluraty hb MHM akstg``gtahks th aklùmj ats gltavatajs, prhpjrty, akbhrigtahk, gkm

jip`hyjm Z.\. pjrshks ey gpprhpragtj ijgks.

Lhhpjrgtj watc gpprhpragtj `gw jkbhrljijkt gdjklajs th prhtjlt jip`hyjm Z.\. pjrshks,

akbhrigtahk, prhpjrty, gkm bglaàtajs hb gky gdjkly watcak tcj aktj`àdjklj lhiiukaty.

_grtalapgtj watc `gw jkbhrljijkt gdjklajs th akvjstadgtj hr prjvjkt l`gkmjstakj aktj`àdjklj

gltavatajs ey bhrjadk phwjrs hr aktjrkgtahkg` tjrrhrasts.

_rhvamj spjlagàzjm jquapijkt, tjlckalg` nkhw`jmdj, hr gssastgklj th Z.\. pjrshks bhr usj ey

gky mjpgrtijkt hr gdjkly, hr, wcjk àvjs grj jkmgkdjrjm, th supphrt `hlg` `gw jkbhrljijkt

gdjklajs.

GUIQ UJDZ@G]AHK <37-7?

G-4. GU <37-7? jkge`js gky Griy lhiphkjkt th pjrbhri aktj`àdjklj bukltahks ak g igkkjr tcgt prhtjlts tcj

lhkstatutahkg` radcts hb Z.\. pjrshks. At g`sh prhvamjs duamgklj hk lh``jltahk tjlckaqujs usjm th hetgak

akbhrigtahk bhr bhrjadk aktj`àdjklj gkm LA purphsjs. Aktj`àdjklj gltavaty as kht gutchrazjm ey tcas rjdu`gtahk.

LH@@JL]AHK HB Z.\. _JU\HK AKBHUIG]AHK

G-3. Lh``jltahk, ak tcas lhktjxt, as tcj dgtcjrakd hr rjljavakd akbhrigtahk ey aktj`àdjklj pjrshkkj` ak tcj

lhursj hb hbbalag` mutajs watc tcj aktjkt th usj hr rjtgak tcj akbhrigtahk bhr aktj`àdjklj purphsjs. Gltahk

iust ej tgnjk th mjihkstrgtj aktjkmjm usj hb tcj lh``jltjm akbhrigtahk sulc gs prhmulakd gk aktj`àdjklj

akbhrigtahk rjphrt, aklamjkt rjphrt, hr gmmakd tcj akbhrigtahk th gk aktj`àdjklj mgtgegsj.

G-1. ]cjrj iust ej g àkn ejtwjjk tcj lh``jltahk hb tcj Z.\. pjrshk akbhrigtahk gkm tcj aktj`àdjklj

gdjkly gssadkjm iassahk. ]cas àkn as pgrtalu`gr`y aiphrtgkt wcjk mjgàkd watc pueàl`y gvga`ge`j

akbhrigtahk, hpjk-shurlj akbhrigtahk, gkm akbhrigtahk mgtg jxp`hatgtahk.

G-7?. Griy aktj`àdjklj lhiphkjkts igy lh``jlt Z.\. pjrshk akbhrigtahk ey `gwbu` ijgks eut iust ej

àiatjm th tcj `jgst aktrusavj ijgks bjgsae`j gkm scg`` kht vah`gtj tcj `gw (sjj MHM :5=?.7-U). ]cjsj `jgst

aktrusavj lh``jltahk ijgks iust ej gttjiptjm ejbhrj utaàzakd ihrj aktrusavj lh``jltahk ijgks sulc gs ”

Glquasatahk brhi pueàl`y gvga`ge`j shurljs hr watc tcj lhksjkt hb tcj Z.\. pjrshk hb aktjrjst.

Ab prhvjk ukbjgsae`j hr akjbbalajkt, glquasatahk brhi lhhpjrgtakd shurljs.

Ab prhvjk ukbjgsae`j hr akjbbalajkt, glquasatahk brhi htcjr `gwbu` ijgks tcgt mh kht rjquarj g

wgrrgkt hr Gtthrkjy Djkjrg` gpprhvg`.

Ab prhvjk ukbjgsae`j hr akjbbalajkt, gk gpprhvg` rjqujst bhr tcj usj hb tjlckaqujs rjquarakd g

wgrrgkt hr Gtthrkjy Djkjrg` gpprhvg`.

G-77. Tatcak tcj Zkatjm \tgtjs, Griy aktj`àdjklj lhiphkjkts igy lh``jlt bhrjadk aktj`àdjklj lhkljrkakd

Z.\. pjrshks ey hvjrt ijgks wcjk tcj bh``hwakd lhkmatahks grj ijt6

]cj bhrjadk aktj`àdjklj shudct as sadkabalgkt gkm mhjs kht lhkljrk tcj mhijstal gltavaty hb tcj

Z.\. pjrshk.

]cj bhrjadk aktj`àdjklj lgkkht ej rjgshkge`y hetgakjm ey hvjrt ijgks.




7? Fu`y 5?75 G]_ 5-55.1 G-<

Lh``jltahk cgs ejjk lhhrmakgtjm watc tcj BEA ak hrmjr th prjvjkt tcj masruptahk hb lurrjkt

hpjrgtahks.

G-75. ]cj bh``hwakd lhksamjrgtahks gpp`y th tcj lh``jltahk hb Z.\. pjrshk akbhrigtahk brhi tcj Aktjrkjt6

Griy aktj`àdjklj lhiphkjkts iust usj dhvjrkijkt lhiputjrs th glljss tcj Aktjrkjt bhr hbbalag`

dhvjrkijkt eusakjss uk`jss htcjrwasj gutchrazjm.

A_ gmmrjssjs, ukabhri rjshurlj `hlgthrs (ZU@s), gkm j-iga` gmmrjssjs tcgt grj kht gsshlagtjm

watc g Z.\. pjrshk igy ej glquarjm, rjtgakjm, gkm prhljssjm ey Griy aktj`àdjklj lhiphkjkts

watchut ignakd gk jbbhrt th mjtjriakj gsshlagtahk watc g Z.\. pjrshk gs `hkd gs tcj lhiphkjkt

mhjs kht jkdgdj ak gkg`ysas bhlusjm uphk spjlabal gmmrjssjs.

G-7<. GU <37-7? mhjs kht gutchrazj tcj lh``jltahk hb gky akbhrigtahk rj`gtakd th g Z.\. pjrshk sh`j`y

ejlgusj hb pjrshkg` `gwbu` gmvhlgly hb ijgsurjs hpphsjm th dhvjrkijkt phàly gs jiehmajm ak tcj Barst

Gijkmijkt th tcj Z.\. Lhkstatutahk. ]cj Barst Gijkmijkt stgtjs tcgt Lhkdrjss scg`` ignj kh `gw

rjspjltakd gk jstgeàscijkt hb rjàdahk, hr prhcaeatakd tcj brjj jxjrlasj tcjrjhb> hr geramdakd tcj brjjmhi hb

spjjlc, hr hb tcj prjss> hr tcj radct hb tcj pjhp`j pjgljge`y th gssjie`j, gkm th pjtatahk tcj dhvjrkijkt bhr

g rjmrjss hb drajvgkljs.

U J]JK]AHK HB Z.\. _JU\HK AKBHUIG]AHK

G-7=. Ujtjktahk rjbjrs hk`y th igaktgakakd akbhrigtahk gehut Z.\. pjrshks tcgt tcj Griy aktj`àdjklj

lhiphkjkt lgk rjtrajvj ey tcj pjrshk‑s kgij hr htcjr pjrshkg` amjktabyakd mgtg. GU <37-7?, prhljmurj <,

mjslraejs tcj nakms hb Z.\. pjrshk akbhrigtahk tcgt gk Griy aktj`àdjklj lhiphkjkt igy nkhwakd`y rjtgak

watchut tcj akmavamug`‑s lhksjkt.

G-7:. GU <37-7? gutchrazjs tcj rjtjktahk hb Z.\. pjrshk akbhrigtahk ukmjr tcj bh``hwakd lratjrag6

Akbhrigtahk prhpjr`y lh``jltjm ak gllhrmgklj watc GU <37-7?, prhljmurj 5.

Griy aktj`àdjklj lhiphkjkts glquarjm tcj akbhrigtahk aklamjktg` th gk htcjrwasj gutchrazjm

lh``jltahk gltavaty, gkm rjtgakjm tcj akbhrigtahk ab at ““

Lhu`m cgvj ejjk lh``jltjm aktjktahkg``y ukmjr tcj prhvasahks hb GU <37-7?, prhljmurj 5.

As kjljssgry th ukmjrstgkm hr gssjss bhrjadk aktj`àdjklj hr LA.

As bhrjadk aktj`àdjklj hr LA lh``jltjm brhi gutchrazjm j`jltrhkal survja``gklj.

Khtj. J`jltrhkal survja``gklj rjbjrs th tcj glquasatahk hb g khkpueàl lhiiukalgtahk ey

j`jltrhkal ijgks watchut tcj lhksjkt hb g pjrshk wch as g pgrty th gk j`jltrhkal lhiiukalgtahk

hr, ak tcj lgsj hb g khkj`jltrhkal lhiiukalgtahk, watchut tcj lhksjkt hb g pjrshk wch as vasae`y

prjsjkt gt tcj p`glj hb lhiiukalgtahk, eut kht aklùmakd tcj usj hb rgmah marjltahk-bakmakd

jquapijkt sh`j`y th mjtjriakj tcj `hlgtahk hb g trgksiattjr.

As aklamjktg` th gutchrazjm lh``jltahk gkm igy akmalgtj akvh`vjijkt ak gltavatajs tcgt igy

vah`gtj bjmjrg`, stgtj, `hlg`, hr bhrjadk `gw.

Akbhrigtahk rj`gtakd th bukltahks hb htcjr Griy gltavatajs, MHM lhiphkjkts, hr khk-MHM gdjklajs.

]cj akbhrigtahk pjrtgaks sh`j`y th tcj bukltahks gkm rjsphksaeaàtajs hb htcjr gltavatajs, lhiphkjkts hr

gdjklajs, gkm as rjtgakjm hk`y gs kjljssgry th trgksiat tcj akbhrigtahk th tcgt gdjkly. ]cj trgksiattg`

as ba`jm gkm mjstrhyjm ukmjr djkjrg` lhrrjsphkmjklj rjlhrms igkgdjijkt. Griy aktj`àdjklj

lhiphkjkts wa`` kht rjtgak tcj akbhrigtahk ak aktj`àdjklj mgtgegsjs hr rjphsathrajs.

G-72. ]jiphrgry rjtjktahk rjbjrs th tcj gutchrazgtahk bhr Griy aktj`àdjklj lhiphkjkts th rjtgakakbhrigtahk up th 1? mgys, sh`j`y th mjtjriakj ab tcj akbhrigtahk as, ak bglt, rjtgakge`j ukmjr tcas rjdu`gtahk.

]cj 1?-mgy pjrahm stgrts uphk rjljapt hb tcj akbhrigtahk.

G-74. Htcjr akbhrigtahk rjtgakjm ey Griy aktj`àdjklj lhiphkjkts iust ej rjphrtjm bhr hvjrsadct

purphsjs gkm bhr kjljssgry suesjqujkt prhljjmakds.

G-73. Glljss th Z.\. pjrshk akbhrigtahk rjtgakjm ak aktj`àdjklj ba`js, mgtgegsjs, gkm rjphsathrajs as àiatjm

th tchsj watc g kjjm th nkhw tcj akbhrigtahk. Z.\. pjrshk akbhrigtahk ak aktj`àdjklj ba`js, mgtgegsjs, gkm



Gppjkmax G

G-= G]_ 5-55.1 7? Fu`y 5?75

rjphsathrajs as rjtgakjm ak gllhrmgklj watc masphsatahk lratjrag ak GU 5:-=??-5. Aktj`àdjklj lhiphkjkts

wa`` rjvajw aktj`àdjklj ba`js gkm mgtgegsjs gkkug``y. Aktj`àdjklj lhiphkjkts wa`` spjlabalg``y rjvajw Z.\.

pjrshk akbhrigtahk th jksurj ats rjtjktahk as sta`` kjljssgry th gk gssadkjm bukltahk. ]cas jksurjs Z.\.

pjrshk akbhrigtahk as kht cj`m ejyhkm jstgeàscjm masphsatahk lratjrag, as rjtgakjm bhr gk gutchrazjm

bukltahk, gkm wgs kht rjtgakjm ak vah`gtahk hb tcas rjdu`gtahk. ]cas mhjs kht gpp`y th tcj Akvjstadgtavj

Ujlhrms Ujphsathry hr htcjr gutchrazjm `hkd-tjri rjlhrms ch`makd grjgs.

MA\\JIAKG]AHK HB Z.\. _JU\HK AKBHUIG]AHK

G-71. Massjiakgtj, gk akbhrigtahk igkgdjijkt gltavaty, rjbjrs th lhiiukalgtakd rj`jvgkt akbhrigtahk hb

gky nakm brhi hkj pjrshk hr p`glj th gkhtcjr ak g usge`j bhri ey gky ijgks th aiprhvj ukmjrstgkmakd hr th

akatagtj hr dhvjrk gltahk (BI 2-?). Ak htcjr whrms, massjiakgtahk as tcj mjàvjry hb aktj`àdjklj th usjrs ak g

suatge`j bhri watc gppàlgtahk hb tcj aktj`àdjklj th gpprhpragtj iassahks, tgsns, gkm bukltahks. GU <37-7?,

prhljmurj =, dhvjrks tcj typjs hb akbhrigtahk rjdgrmakd Z.\. pjrshks tcgt Griy aktj`àdjklj hrdgkazgtahks

igy massjiakgtj watchut tcj pjrshk‑s lhksjkt hutsamj tcj lhiphkjkt wcalc lh``jltjm gkm rjtgakjm tcj

akbhrigtahk.

WZJ\]AHKGE@J AK]J@@ADJKLJ GL]ARA]Q

G-5?. Wujstahkge`j aktj`àdjklj gltavaty hllurs wcjk aktj`àdjklj hpjrgtahks phtjktag``y vah`gtj ”

@gws. JHs.

_rjsamjktag` marjltavjs.

MHM hr Griy phàlajs.

G-57. Aktj`àdjklj pjrshkkj` schu`m rjphrt qujstahkge`j aktj`àdjklj gltavaty tcrhudc tcj lcgak hb lhiigkm,

tcj akspjlthr djkjrg`, hr marjlt`y th tcj Gssastgkt th tcj \jlrjtgry hb Mjbjksj bhr Aktj`àdjklj Hvjrsadct ak

gllhrmgklj watc GU <37-7?. ]cj bh``hwakd grj jxgip`js hb qujstahkge`j aktj`àdjklj gltavaty hk aiprhpjr

lh``jltakd, rjtgakakd, hr massjiakgtakd hb Z.\. pjrshk akbhrigtahk6

Lh``jltakd gkm dgtcjrakd akbhrigtahk gehut Z.\. mhijstal drhups kht lhkkjltjm watc g bhrjadk

phwjr hr aktjrkgtahkg` tjrrhrasi.

_rhmulakd gkm massjiakgtakd aktj`àdjklj tcrjgt gssjssijkts lhktgakakd Z.\. pjrshk akbhrigtahk

watchut g l`jgr jxp`gkgtahk hb tcj aktj`àdjklj purphsj bhr wcalc tcj akbhrigtahk wgs lh``jltjm.

Lh``jltakd gkm dgtcjrakd Z.\. pjrshk akbhrigtahk bhr bhrlj prhtjltahk purphsjs watchutmjtjriakakd ab tcj aktj`àdjklj bukltahk as gutchrazjm.

Lh``jltakd gkm dgtcjrakd Z.\. pjrshk akbhrigtahk brhi hpjk shurljs watchut g `hdalg`

lhkkjltahk th tcj iassahk hb tcj ukat.

G-55. GU <37-7? marjlts aktj`àdjklj hrdgkazgtahks th rjbjr qujstahks lhkljrkakd tcj aktjrprjtgtahk hb tcj

akstrultahks hk lh``jltahk, rjtjktahk, gkm massjiakgtahk hb Z.\. pjrshk akbhrigtahk th tcj `hlg` \FG‑s hbbalj.

G\\A\]GK] MJ_Z]Q MAUJL]HU HB KG]AHKG@ AK]J@@ADJKLJ BHU H_JK \HZULJ

G-5<. ]cj rjsphksaeaàtajs hb tcj GMMKA/H\ aklùmj ”

Jxjrlasakd tcj aktjdrgtahk, jvgùgtahk, gkm hvjrsadct bhr tcj KH\J.

_rhvamakd strgtjdal hvjrsadct hb gkm duamjs strgtjdal akvh`vjijkt hb H\AK].

Lcgarakd tcj Kgtahkg` Hpjk \hurlj Lhiiattjj (KH\L) gkm Hpjk \hurlj Ehgrm hb Gmvashrs. Hvjrsjjakd tcj MKA H\L gkm tcj mastraeutjm KH\J.

Jksurakd tcj aktjdrgtahk hb tcj hpjk-shurlj lh``jltahk igkgdjijkt strgtjdy.

Mjvj`hpakd hvjrsadct hb tcj KH\J.

Hvjrsjjakd aktjrgdjkly scgrakd hb hpjk-shurlj akbhrigtahk.




7? Fu`y 5?75 G]_ 5-55.1 G-:

AK]J@@ADJKLJ LHIIZKA]Q

G-5=. ]cj rjsphksaeaàtajs hb tcj aktj`àdjklj lhiiukaty aklùmj ”

Mjvj`hpakd prhdrgiigtal hvjrsadct gkm jvgùgtahk th ej ljktrgàzjm ukmjr tcj GMMKA/H\.

\upphrtakd g`` aktj`àdjklj maslapàkjs.

Jstgeàscakd gpprhpragtj shurlj gkm akbhrigtahk vgàmgtahk gkm vjrabalgtahk prhljmurjs hb g``

hpjk-shurlj jxp`hatgtahk jbbhrts. Mjvj`hpakd ijtrals bhr hvjrg`` hpjk-shurlj gltavatajs.

Ignakd g`` hpjk-shurlj akbhrigtahk, prhmults, gkm sjrvaljs gvga`ge`j tcrhudchut tcj aktj`àdjklj

lhiiukaty.

KG]AHKG@ H_JK-\HZULJ LHIIA]]JJ

G-5:. ]cj KH\L prhvamjs duamgklj th tcj KH\J. ]cj rjsphksaeaàtajs hb tcj KH\L aklùmj ”

Mjvj`hpakd gpprhpragtj hpjrgtahkg` stgkmgrms bhr shurlj hr akbhrigtahk vjrabalgtahk, trgmjlrgbt,

gkm trgakakd.

Mjvj`hpakd slajklj gkm tjlckh`hdy stgkmgrms bhr ijtgmgtg tgddakd gkm sthrgdj.

MAUJL]HU HB KG]AHKG@ AK]J@@ADJKLJ H_JK-\HZULJ LJK]JU

G-52. ]cj MKA H\L sjrvjs th gmvgklj tcj jxp`hatgtahk hb hpjk-shurlj akbhrigtahk tcrhudc glquasatahk,

prhlurjijkt, gkg`ysas, gkm massjiakgtahk hb prhmults gkm sjrvaljs. ]cj rjsphksaeaàtajs hb tcj MKA H\L

aklùmj ”

Bglaàtgtakd hpjk-shurlj jxp`hatgtahk bhr Z.\. Dhvjrkijkt pgrtkjrs gkm lusthijrs.

\jlurakd gpprhpragtj àljksakd gdrjjijkts bhr hpjk-shurlj lusthijrs.

Mjvj`hpakd hpjk-shurlj prhdrgis.

]rgakakd pjrshkkj` th prhpjr`y jxp`hat hpjk-shurlj akbhrigtahk ak gllhrmgklj watc sjluraty

prgltaljs.



7? Fu`y 5?75 G]_ 5-55.1 E-7

Gppjkmax E

Lyejrspglj Aktjrkjt Gwgrjkjss

Aktj`àdjklj gkm khkaktj`àdjklj pjrshkkj` lhkmultakd hpjk-shurlj rjsjgrlc iust ejgwgrj hb tcj madatg` hpjrgtahkg` jkvarhkijkt ey iakaiazakd gkm rjmulakd lyejr‐bhhtprakts,’ prgltalakd jbbjltavj lyejr H_\JL, utaàzakd sgbj hkàkj surbakd

tjlckaqujs gkm cgeats, gkm ukmjrstgkmakd tcgt jiejmmjm ijtgmgtg lgk ej lhktgakjmak mhluijkts.

LQEJU\_GLJ \A]ZG]AHKG@ GTGUJKJ\\ GKM LQEJU\JLZUA]Q

E-7. Ihrj tcgk gky htcjr aktj`àdjklj maslapàkj, rjsjgrlc akvh`vakd pueàl`y gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk gkm

hpjk shurljs lhu`m ukaktjktahkg``y rjvjg` LLAUs. Hpjk-shurlj rjsjgrlc shijtaijs rjquarjs glljss th

Aktjrkjt Tje satjs tcgt e`hln erhwsakd sjssahks hradakgtakd brhi .ia` hr .dhv shurljs. Ak tcj grjgs hb

lhiputjr akbhrigtahk gssurgklj gkm Aktjrkjt sjluraty, aktjrkjt gwgrjkjss as kjjmjm ak hrmjr th ej jbbjltavj,

gddrjssavj, gkm th sulljssbu``y lhkmult hpjk-shurlj rjsjgrlc gkm jxp`hatgtahk. Zkfustabajm Aktjrkjt Tje-

satj rjstraltahks cgvj tcj phtjktag` th sjvjrj`y aipjmj glquarakd gkm tcj suesjqujkt prhljssakd, rjphrtakd,

gkm massjiakgtakd hb pueàl`y gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk gkm hpjk shurljs.

E-5. Gwgrjkjss as tcj ejdakkakd hb jbbjltavj lyejr sjluraty. Lhiputjrs trgksiat iglcakj spjlabalgtahks

sulc gs hpjrgtakd systji, typj hb vjrsahk hb jglc jkge`jm prhdrgi, sjluraty `jvj`s, g casthry hb Tje satjs

vasatjm, lhhnaj akbhrigtahk, usjr prjbjrjkljs, A_ gmmrjssjs, jkge`jm `gkdugdjs, gkm rjbjrrakd ZU@ wcjk

sjgrlcakd tcj Aktjrkjt. Rasathrs grj brjqujkt`y rjmarjltjm th g`tjrkgtj Tje satjs egsjm hk sjgrlc lratjrahk,

`hlgtahk, `gkdugdj, gkm taij tcj sjgrlc as lhkmultjm.

E-<. ]cj Aktjrkjt as mjslraejm gs g ‐kjtwhrn hb kjtwhrns’ muj th tcj cukmrjms hb tchusgkms hb

aktjrlhkkjltjm kjtwhrns lhksastakd hb ia`àhks hb lhiputjrs. Lhiputjrs gkm usjrs lhkkjltjm th tcj

Aktjrkjt grj amjktabajm ey g systji-spjlabal A_ gmmrjss tcgt mjsadkgtjs `hlgtahk. ]cj A_ gmmrjss sjrvjs gs tcj

gmmrjss wcjrj trgksbjrrjm akbhrigtahk gkm mgtui as mjàvjrjm. ]cj lhkljrk tcjrjak rjsts ak tcj

ukmjrstgkmakd tcgt wca`j vasatakd khkstgkmgrm hr qujstahkge`j Aktjrkjt Tje satjs ak gllhrmgklj watc hbbalag`

mutajs, sjksatavj ukat akbhrigtahk lhu`m akgmvjrtjkt`y ej rjvjg`jm.

E-=. Lyejrspglj as g d`heg` mhigak watcak tcj akbhrigtahk jkvarhkijkt lhksastakd hb tcj aktjrmjpjkmjkt

kjtwhrn hb akbhrigtahk tjlckh`hdy akbrgstrulturjs, aklùmakd tcj Aktjrkjt, tj`jlhiiukalgtahks kjtwhrns,

lhiputjr systjis, jiejmmjm prhljsshrs, gkm lhktrh``jrs (F_ 7-?5). ]cj Griy hpjrgtjs ak gkm tcrhudc tcj

lyejrspglj mhigak, usakd gkm igkgdakd tcj j`jltrhigdkjtal spjltrui gs g chàstal gkm aktjdrgtjm pgrt hb

ukabajm `gkm hpjrgtahks. _jrshkkj` jkdgdakd ak H\AK] jxp`hatgtahk kjjm th ukmjrstgkm tcj lyejrspglj

jkvarhkijkt ak hrmjr th mjvj`hp gkm amjktaby hutlhijs-egsjm, aktjdrgtahk-bhlusjm, gkm rjshurlj-akbhrijm

shùtahks bhr lyejr satugtahkg` gwgrjkjss lhkljrks.



Gppjkmax E

E-5 G]_ 5-55.1 7? Fu`y 5?75

E-:. Lyejr satugtahkg` gwgrjkjss as tcj nkhw`jmdj hb brajkm`y, kjutrg`, gkm tcrjgt rj`jvgkt akbhrigtahk

rjdgrmakd gltavatajs ak gkm tcrhudc lyejrspglj gkm tcj j`jltrhigdkjtal spjltrui (BI 7-?5). Lyejrspglj

gkm lyejr sjluraty akvh`vj aklrjgsakd lyejr satugtahkg` gwgrjkjss ey ”

Amjktabyakd tcrjgt hpjrgtahks th mjtjriakj tcj jbbjlt hk brajkm`y hpjrgtahks gkm lhuktjrijgsurjs.

Mjtjriakakd chw th usj lyejrspglj th dgak supphrt brhi brajkm`y gkm kjutrg` jktatajs.

Mjtjriakakd chw th dgak, igaktgak, gkm jxp`hat tjlckalg` gkm hpjrgtahkg` gmvgktgdjs.

E-2. ]cjrj grj H_\JL gkm lhiputjr sjluraty rasns th sjgrlcakd gkm aktjrgltakd watc Aktjrkjt Tje satjs.

\jgrlcakd tcj Aktjrkjt lgk lhiprhiasj H_\JL ey `jgvakd ‐madatg` bhhtprakts’ hk vasatjm Tje satjs.

‐\urbakd’ hk Aktjrkjt Tje satjs lgk lhiprhiasj lhiputjr sjluraty ey jxphsakd tcj lhiputjr gkm kjtwhrn

th igàlahus shbtwgrj (sulc gs varusjs, whris, gkm ]rhfgk Chrsjs) hr ukgutchrazjm glljss. Aktj`àdjklj

pjrshkkj` iust ej vada`gkt th phtjktag` tcrjgts, usj hk`y gutchrazjm cgrmwgrj gkm shbtwgrj, gkm lhip`y watc

jstgeàscjm ukat hpjrgtahks sjluraty ijgsurjs.

E-4. ZU@ akbhrigtahk brhi tcj prjvahus Tje satj vasatjm as brjqujkt`y gk H_\JL assuj gkm at amjktabajs

lcgrgltjrastals gkm aktjrjsts hb tcj usjr. Tca`j kjljssgry bhr gk jbbjltavj rjsjgrlc, tcj usj hb spjlabal gkm

bhlusjm sjgrlc tjris cgvj phtjktag` H_\JL aipàlgtahks.

Lyejr \jluraty Jxgip`jAb tcj usjr jktjrs tcj sjgrlc tjris êrgm`jy us griyY, tcj rjbjrrakd ZU@ brhi tcj Dhhd`jcat ast whu`m ej6 cttp6//www.dhhd`j.lhi/sjgrlc8c`9jk&q9ergm`jy+us+griy. ]cas tj``s tcjvasatjm satj tcgt tcj usjr as sjgrlcakd ak Jkdàsc (c`9jk) bhr akbhrigtahk hk Griy Djkjrg`hb tcj Griy Higr K. Ergm`jy hr tcj Z.\. Griy‑s Ergm`jy akbgktry badctakd vjcal`j.

E-3. G`` gltahks hk g Tje satj grj `hddjm gkm sgvjm. ]cj akbhrigtahk as sgvjm gkm àknjm th wcgt as

rjbjrrjm th gs lhhnaj mgtg. Zsjr gltahks aklùmj eut grj kht àiatjm th ”

Thrms typjm ak sjgrlc pgrgijtjr baj`ms.

Mrhp-mhwk ijku lchaljs.

Lcjln ehxjs.

Tje satj ihvjijkt pgttjrks sulc gs lcgkdakd mhigak kgij hr Tje satj gmmrjss.

E-1. Hk igky Tje satjs, akbhrigtahk tcgt tcj usjr prhvamjs hr ba``s ak ejlhijs pgrt hb tcj Tje satj gkm as

sjgrlcge`j. Njy akbhrigtahk th gvham scgrakd aklùmjs eut as kht àiatjm th ”

Iaàtgry p`gks.

Hpjrgtahks.

Jxjrlasjs.

Igps gkm lcgrts.

@hlgtahks.

\lcjmu`js.

Jquapijkt vu`kjrgeaàtajs, lgpgeaàtajs, gkm schrtbg``s.

Kgijs gkm rj`gtjm kuiejrs6

]j`jpchkj kuiejrs.

Eartc mgtjs.

Amjktabalgtahk kuiejrs.

E-7?. ]rgmatahkg` gkm arrjdu`gr tcrjgts grj masruptavj ak kgturj gkm usj tcj lyejrspglj mhigak th lhkmult

hpjrgtahks gdgakst tcj Griy. ]cjsj tcrjgts grj akkhvgtavj, kjtwhrnjm, gkm tjlckh`hdalg``y gmjpt. ]cjsj

tcrjgts lgpatgàzj hk jijrdakd tjlckh`hdajs th jstgeàsc gkm igaktgak g lu`turg` gkm shlag` gmvgktgdj

`jvjrgdakd grjgs, th aklùmj eut kht àiatjm th iassahk lhiigkm, rjlruatakd, `hdastals, bukm rgasakd gkm

`gukmjrakd, AH, gkm prhpgdgkmg.



Lyejrspglj Aktjrkjt Gwgrjkjss

7? Fu`y 5?75 G]_ 5-55.1 E-<

E-77. Tcjk jkdgdjm ak H\AK] jxp`hatgtahk utaàzakd lhiputjr systjis gkm Aktjrkjt usgdj, lyejrspglj

gwgrjkjss gssjssijkts schu`m ej mjvj`hpjm gkm lhvjr grjgs aklùmakd eut kht àiatjm th kjtwhrn

vu`kjrgeaàtajs, kjtwhrn tcrjgts (pcysalg` gkm vartug`), gkm buturj rasns.

E-75. Bhr ihrj mjtga`jm akbhrigtahk gehut lyejr sjluraty tcrjgts gkm taps sjj tcj Z.\. Lhiputjr \jluraty

Ujgmakjss ]jgi‑s Tje.



7? Fu`y 5?75 G]_ 5-55.1 L-7

Gppjkmax L

Egsal gkm Gmvgkljm Aktjrkjt \jgrlc ]jlckaqujs

]cj geaàty th sjgrlc tcj Aktjrkjt as gk jssjktag` sna`` bhr hpjk-shurlj rjsjgrlc gkmglquasatahk. ]cj Aktjrkjt, lhksamjrjm g rjlhkkgassgklj gkm survja``gklj rjsjgrlc thh`,

prhvamjs glljss th Tje satjs gkm mgtgegsjs tcgt ch`m g wamj rgkdj hb akbhrigtahk hk

lurrjkt, p`gkkjm, gkm phtjktag` grjgs hb hpjrgtahk. ]cj jxphkjktag` drhwtc ak lhiputjrtjlckh`hdy gkm tcj Aktjrkjt cgs p`gljm ihrj pueàl`y gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk gkm

prhljssakd phwjr gt tcj bakdjrtaps hb \h`majrs tcgk jvjr ejbhrj. G ehmy hb nkhw`jmdj hk

lu`turj, jlhkhials, djhdrgpcy, iaàtgry gbbgars, gkm phàtals tcgt wgs hklj akglljssae`j thshij mjdrjj, khw rjst ak tcj cgkms hb cadc slchh` gkm lh``jdj stumjkts ” buturj `jgmjrs hb

tcj Griy.

]CJ THU@M TAMJ TJE GKM MJJ_ TJE

L-7. ]cj Aktjrkjt as g mykgial akbhrigtahk jkvarhkijkt lhksastakd hb stgtahkgry gkm ihvakd vartug` gkm

tgrdjt Tje satjs lhktgakakd g iaxturj hb h`m gkm kjw lhktjkt. ]cjrj grj kuijrhus vartug` mgtgegsjs tcgt

drhw gt jxphkjktag` rgtjs. Njjpakd pglj watc tjlckh`hdy as gk jkmurakd lcg``jkdj bhr pjrshkkj` tcgt jkdgdj

ak H\AK] jxp`hatgtahk utaàzakd tcj TTT gkm Mjjp Tje.

THU@M TAMJ TJE

L-5. ]cj TTT as akmjxjm ey stgkmgrm sjgrlc jkdakjs. \tgkmgrm sjgrlc jkdakjs grj typalg``y aklgpge`j hb

glljssakd hr rjtrajvakd tcj typj hb akbhrigtahk kjljssgry bhr lhkmultakd jbbjltavj hpjk-shurlj rjsjgrlc.

]cj thtg` gihukt hb Aktjrkjt akbhrigtahk as jstaigtjm th ej hvjr 4,:?? tjrgeytjs gkm lhktakujs th aklrjgsj.

Hb tcas gihukt, lusthigry sjgrlc jkdakjs hk tcj Aktjrkjt grj jstaigtjm th akmjx hk`y hkj-qugrtjr hb tcj

akbhrigtahk. Lhksamjrjm g vjry `grdj gihukt hb akbhrigtahk, at hk`y rjprjsjkts g brgltahk hb tcj gihukt hb

hpjk-shurlj akbhrigtahk gvga`ge`j murakd rjsjgrlc utaàzakd pueàl`y gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk. ]cj htcjr tcrjj-

qugrtjrs (hr rhudc`y :,25: tjrgeytjs) grj lhktgakjm hk wcgt as lg``jm tcj Mjjp Tje.

]CJ MJJ_ TJE

L-<. ]cj Mjjp Tje rjbjrs th lhktjkt tcgt as kht pgrt hb tcj trgmatahkg` TTT. ]cas lhktjkt as jstaigtjm th

ej ihrj tcgk twalj tcj lhktjkt sgvjm gkm glljssae`j hk tcj trgmatahkg` TTT. ]cj lhktjkt gkm akbhrigtahk

lhktgakjm hk tcj Mjjp Tje as mjsadkjm grhukm Tje-egsjm mgtgegsjs. Zkànj tcj TTT, tcj Mjjp Tje as

kht akmjxjm. Khkstgtal Tje satjs gkm mgtgegsjs `hlgtjm hk tcj Mjjp Tje lgkkht ej glljssjm hr akmjxjm ey

trgmatahkg` sjgrlc jkdakjs. ]cj Mjjp Tje hbbjrs g trjijkmhus gihukt hb rjshurljs. Mjjp Tje rjshurljs

lhu`m bg`` akth hkj hr ihrj hb tcj bh``hwakd6

Mykgial lhktjkt. Tje pgdjs tcgt grj rjturkjm ak rjsphksj th g sueiattjm qujry.

Zkàknjm lhktjkt. Tje pgdjs tcgt grj kht àknjm th htcjr Tje pgdjs tcgt prjvjkt stgkmgrm Tje

lrgwàkd prhdrgis brhi glljssakd tcj lhktjkt.

_ravgtj Tje lhktjkt. Tje pgdjs watchut eglnàkns hr akàkns.

@aiatjm glljss lhktjkt. Tje satjs tcgt aiat glljss th akbhrigtahk.

Khkcypjrtjxt igrnup `gkdugdj lhktjkt. ]jxtug` lhktjkt jklhmjm ak iu`taijmag ba`js tcgt grj kht

cgkm`jm ey sjgrlc jkdakjs.



Gppjkmax L

L-5 G]_ 5-55.1 7? Fu`y 5?75

\JGULC JKDAKJ\

L-=. \jgrlc jkdakjs grj tcj praigry thh`s tcgt pjrshkkj` jkdgdakd ak H\AK] gltavatajs usj wcjk

lhkmultakd rjsjgrlc hb pueàl`y gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk tcrhudc hpjk shurljs. H\AK] pjrshkkj` usj sjgrlc

jkdakjs gkm sjgrlc tjris th `hlgtj tjxt, aigdjs, gkm akbhrigtahk hk tchusgkms hb Tje satjs. ]jlckalg``y,

sjgrlc jkdakjs grj gltug``y sjgrlcakd tcrhudc tcj akmjx hb Tje satjs. Lhiijrlag` gkm dhvjrkijkt sjgrlc

jkdakjs vgry ak wcgt pgrgijtjrs grj sjgrlcjm, chw sjgrlcjs grj prhljssjm, gkm chw sjgrlc rjsu`ts grj

masp`gyjm. Ihst sjgrlc jkdakjs usj prhdrgis lg``jm wje lrgw`jrs th eua`m akmjxjm mgtgegsjs. G wjelrgw`jr sjgrlcjs Aktjrkjt Tje satjs gkm ba`js gkm sgvjs tcj rjsu`ts ak g mgtgegsj.

L-:. Ihst sjgrlc jkdakjs usj rj`jvgkly bhriu`gs th masp`gy rjsu`ts ak g spjlabal hrmjr watc g erajb

mjslraptahk gkm cypjràkn th tcj rjbjrjklj Aktjrkjt ba`j. Uj`jvgkly bhriu`gs jvgùgtj chw wj`` tcj qujry

igtlcjs tcj rjqujst. Uj`jvgkly bhriu`gs grj sadkabalgkt th tcj usjr gs sjgrlc jkdakjs jvh`vj gkm wa`` kht g``

yaj`m saia`gr rjsu`ts. ]cj p`gljijkt hb njywhrms yaj`m mabbjrjkt rjsu`ts ab rjgrrgkdjm muj th ihrj jipcgsas

p`gljm hk hkj whrm hvjr gkhtcjr. Gs sjgrlc jkdakjs cgvj jvh`vjm, shij cgvj ejlhij gmjpt gt bakmakd

spjlabal typjs hb akbhrigtahk, sulc gs stgtastalg`, bakgklag`, gkm kjws, ihrj jbbjltavj`y. ]h hvjrlhij tcas

spjlagàzgtahk, shbtwgrj jkdakjjrs cgvj mjvj`hpjm ijtgsjgrlc jkdakjs tcgt g``hw tcj usjr th qujry ihrj

tcgk hkj sjgrlc jkdakj gt g taij.

\jgrlc Jkdakjs

Ab g pgrtalu`gr sjgrlc jkdakj lgkkht gllhiihmgtj pcrgsjs ak quhtgtahk igrns hrhtcjr typjs hb Ehh`jgk bukltahks, tcjk tcj ijtgsjgrlc jkdakj jàiakgtjs tcgt bukltahkbrhi tcj sjgrlc. ]cj rjsu`takd sjgrlc tcjk ejlhijs thh erhgm gkm `jss usjbu` tcgk gwj``-bhrigttjm sjgrlc usakd g spjlagàzjm sjgrlc jkdakj.

L-2. Tatc gk ukmjrstgkmakd hb chw sjgrlc jkdakjs whrn, aktj`àdjklj pjrshkkj ”

Lhkmult akatag` sjgrlcjs usakd ukaquj njywhrms gkm lhieakgtahks.

Gpp`y Ehh`jgk `hdal th aiprhvj sjgrlc pgrgijtjrs.

Lhkmult bh``hw-hk sjgrlcjs usakd kgturg` `gkdugdj.

\JGULC EQ N JQTHUM

L-4. Ak njywhrm-egsjm sjgrlcjs, H\AK] pjrshkkj` schu`m lhksamjr wcgt njywhrms grj ukaquj th tcj

akbhrigtahk ejakd rjsjgrlcjm. Njywhrms schu`m ej eg`gkljm th yaj`m rj`jvgkt rjsu`ts watchut gk hvjrgeukmgklj hb arrj`jvgkt akbhrigtahk. Lhiihk whrms th ej gvhamjm aklùmj ”

G.

Gk.

Gkm.

]cj.

L-3. ]cjsj whrms schu`m ej gvhamjm ak sjgrlc tjris uk`jss pgrt hb tcj tat`j hb g ehhn hr grtal`j. Ihst

sjgrlc jkdakjs adkhrj lhiihk whrms. Bhr jxgip`j, ab `hhnakd bhr akbhrigtahk gehut Uussagk gkm Lcakjsj

tgkn sg`js th Argq, mh kht usj tgkn gs tcj hk`y njywhrm ak tcj sjgrlc. Akstjgm, usj gmmatahkg` mjbakakd whrms

sulc gs ‐Uussagk Lcakjsj tgkn sg`js Argq.’

EHH@JGK @HDAL H_JUG]HU\, LHKKJL]HU\, GKM MJ@AIA]JU\

L-1. Tcjk sjgrlcakd tcj Aktjrkjt, tcj vgst mgtg gvga`ge`j lgk ej sjgrlcjm gllhrmakd th tcj ru`js hb

lhiputjr mgtgegsj sjgrlcjs. ]cj `hdalg` rj`gtahkscap ejtwjjk sjgrlc tjris as rjbjrrjm th gs Ehh`jgk `hdal.

]cas ijtchm hb sjgrlcakd prhvamjs hptahks bhr lhkstrultakd `hdalg` rj`gtahkscaps gihkd sjgrlc tjris usakd

`hlg` hpjrgthrs, lhkkjlthrs, gkm mjàiatjrs.

L-7?. Ehh`jgk `hdal hpjrgthrs, lhkkjlthrs, gkm mjàiatjrs gssast aktj`àdjklj pjrshkkj` ak jstgeàscakd

rj`gtahkscaps ejtwjjk njywhrms th aiprhvj sjgrlc gltavatajs.




7? Fu`y 5?75 G]_ 5-55.1 L-<

Jxgip`j hb Zsakd Ehh`jgk @hdal Hpjrgthrs Gpp`yakd tcj bh``hwakd jxgip`j, usakd tcj hpjrgthrs (sjj tge`j L-7), tcj sjgrlcjkdakj sjgrlcjs bhr Uussagk gkm tgkn thdjtcjr wcjk p`gljm watcak pgrjktcjsjs”bhrjxgip`j, (Uussagk tgkn)”gkm th jxlùmj Lcakjsj tgkn sg`js brhi tcj sjgrlc rjsu`t,usj (Uussagk tgkn) KH] (Lcakjsj tgkn) sg`j Argq ak tcj sjgrlc. Aktj`àdjkljpjrshkkj` lgk g`sh usj g KJGU sjgrlc wcjk tcj rj`gtahkscap gkm tcj mastgklj

ejtwjjk tcj tjris grj wj`` jstgeàscjm. Bhr jxgip`j, ab aktj`àdjklj pjrshkkj` grj`hhnakd bhr aklamjkts hb tgkn sg`js ak Egdcmgm gkm kjws grtal`js khrig``y p`glj tcjkgij hb tcj `hlgtahk watcak bavj whrms hb tgkn sg`js ak tcj tat`j hb tcj ehmy hb tcjgrtal`j tcjk usj tgkn sg`js KJGU/: ak tcj sjgrlc.

]ge`j L-7. Ehh`jgk `hdal hpjrgthrs, lhkkjlthrs, gkm mjàiatjrs

Buklt ahk Ehh`jgk Jxgip`j Iust ej prjsjkt *

GKMLcjialg` GKM wjgphk

lcjialg` *wjgphk

Iust kht ej prjsjkt KH] Gbralg KH] \umgk

Igy ej prjsjkt HU Lcjialg` HU eah`hdalg`

Lhip`jtj pcrgsj * * *Lcakjsj tgkn sg`js th Argq*Kjstjm ( ) (\cakakd _gtc)

Kjgr** KJGU ‐Tcatj Chusj’ KJGU ‐garspglj aklursahk’

Ta`mlgrms Thrm* hr *whrm Duk* (dukphwmjr)

Khtj. Ehh`jgk sjgrlcjs igy kht whrn hk g`` sjgrlc jkdakjs. Zsakd tcj ‐Gmvgkljm \jgrlc’ hptahk as

gvga`ge`j hk igky wje erhwsjrs. Gmvgkljm sjgrlc pgdjs aklùmj baj`ms th ba`` ak sulc gs ‐Bakm wje

pgdjs tcgt lhktgak g`` tcjsj whrms>’ ‐tcas jxglt whrmakd hr pcrgsj>’ hr ‐Mh kht schw pgdjs aklùmakd

gky hb tcjsj whrms.’

\JGULC AK KG]ZUG@ @GKDZGDJ

L-77. Gk g`tjrkgtavj th usakd g njywhrm sjgrlc as tcj kgturg` `gkdugdj qujstahk bhrigt gs ihst hb tcj

igfhr sjgrlc jkdakjs g``hw tcas lgpgeaàty. H\AK] pjrshkkj` hetgak tcj ejst rjsu`ts wcjk tcj qujstahk

lhktgaks dhhm njywhrms. Hkj hb tcj igfhr mhwksamjs th tcas tjlckaquj as tcj `grdj kuiejr hb rjsu`ts. Ab tcj

kjjmjm akbhrigtahk as kht bhukm ak tcj rjsu`ts hb tcj barst bjw pgdjs tcj qujstahk schu`m ej rjbakjm th

akatagtj g kjw sjgrlc usakd mabbjrjkt pgrgijtjrs.

AK]JUKJ] TJE \A]J\

L-75. ]cj bhur stjps usjm th jxp`hat pueàl`y gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk gkm hpjk shurljs hk Aktjrkjt Tje satjs grj ”

_`gk Aktjrkjt sjgrlc.

Lhkmult Aktjrkjt sjgrlc.

Ujbakj Aktjrkjt sjgrlc.

Ujlhrm rjsu`ts.

_@GK AK]JUKJ] \JGULC

L-7<. H\AK] pjrshkkj` usj gk ukmjrstgkmakd hb aktj`àdjklj gkm akbhrigtahk rjquarjijkts th p`gk Aktjrkjt

sjgrlcjs. Aktj`àdjklj gkm akbhrigtahk rjquarjijkts cj`p th mjtjriakj wcgt akbhrigtahk th sjgrlc bhr, wcjrj th

sjgrlc, gkm prhvamjs tcj bhlus gkm akatag` njywhrms usjm ak tcj sjgrlc. Gbtjr mjtjriakakd tcj bhlus gkm

njywhrms, H\AK] pjrshkkj` usj Aktjrkjt erhwsjrs gkm sjgrlc jkdakjs th lhkkjlt th g prjvahus`y amjktabajm

Aktjrkjt Tje satj.



Gppjkmax L

L-= G]_ 5-55.1 7? Fu`y 5?75

Njywhrm \jgrlcjsAb g ukat as p`gkkakd g cuigkatgragk gssastgklj hpjrgtahk ak g pgrtalu`gr lhuktry,aktj`àdjklj rjquarjijkts igy ej th `hlgtj rjbudjj lhkljktrgtahks ak tcgt lhuktry.]cj tgsn bhr gk H\AK] lj`` lhu`m aklùmj th `hlgtj”

Cuigkatgragk rjàjb hrdgkazgtahks hpjrgtakd bhhm mastraeutahk ljktjrs.

_hpu`gtahk ljktjrs ak tcj lhuktry. Lhkljktrgtahks hb iaàtag bhrljs.

Grjgs hb iaàtag hpjrgtahks watcak ak tcj `gst <? mgys.

Zsjbu` sjgrlc tjris whu`m aklùmj”

Ujbudjj.

Cuigkatgragk rjàjb.

Iaàtag.

Tgtjr shurljs.

Bhhm mastraeutahk.

@hlgtakd phssae`j akmalgthrs hb wcjrj rjbudjjs igy hr igy kht lhkljktrgtj aklùmj ”

Khkdhvjrkijktg` hrdgkazgtahk gam ljktjrs.

Bhhm.

Tgtjr.

Chsta`j iaàtag bhrljs.

Egsjm hk aktj`àdjklj rjquarjijkts, tcj sjgrlc hefjltavj as th `hlgtj rjbudjjlhkljktrgtahks egsjm hk tcj phsatahk hb suppàjs gkm iaàtag bhrljs ak tcj lhuktry.

LHKMZL] AK]JUKJ] \JGULC

L-7=. H\AK] pjrshkkj` lhkmult gk akatag` sjgrlc hb ànj`y shurljs usakd rj`gtjm tjris hr suefjlt igttjr bhr

tcj rjsjgrlc qujstahk. ]cj akatag` sjgrlc as tcj barst hb phtjktag``y igky suesjqujkt sjgrlcjs bhr mgtg gkm

akbhrigtahk tcgt as rjtrajvjm gkm rjlhrmjm ak gllhrmgklj watc tcj rjsjgrlc p`gk. Hklj rjtrajvjm, tcj

akbhrigtahk as aktjdrgtjm akth tcj gpprhpragtj madatg` hr gkg`hd mgtgegsj. H\AK] pjrshkkj` schu`m gvham tcj

tjiptgtahk hb usakd hk`y hkj sjgrlc jkdakj gs jglc cgs strjkdtcs gkm wjgnkjssjs. Hrdgkazgtahkg` stgkmgrms,rjsjgrlc jxpjrajklj, gkm pjjr rjlhiijkmgtahks typalg``y duamj tcj sj`jltahk hb wcalc sjgrlc jkdakj th usj.

Khtj. Ab tcj akbhrigtahk as kht amjktabajm usakd iu`tap`j sjgrlc jkdakjs watcak <? iakutjs, at as

phssae`j tcgt tcj akbhrigtahk mhjs kht jxast hk tcj Aktjrkjt, cgs kht ejjk akmjxjm, hr as kht ak g

rjtrajvge`j bhrigt.

U JBAKJ AK]JUKJ] \JGULC

L-7:. ]ypalg``y, tcj barst bjw pgdjs hb sjgrlc rjsu`ts grj tcj ihst rj`jvgkt. Egsjm hk tcjsj pgdjs, H\AK]

pjrshkkj` jxp`hat tcj akatag` sjgrlc rjsu`ts bhr rj`jvgkly gkm gllurgly bhr bh``hw-hk sjgrlcjs th mjtjriakj ab

tcj rjsu`ts sgtasbajm tcj aktj`àdjklj hr akbhrigtahk rjquarjijkt. Akatag` Aktjrkjt sjgrlcjs lgk yaj`m ukmjsarjm

rjsu`ts th sgtasby aktj`àdjklj gkm akbhrigtahk rjquarjijkts. H\AK] pjrshkkj` typalg``y usj ijgsurjs th

rjbakj Aktjrkjt rjsu`ts, aklùmakd eut kht àiatjm th ”

Ujhrmjrakd sjgrlc tjris. Lcgkdakd spj`àkd gkm drgiigr.

Gmfustakd uppjr hr `hwjr lgsj. Zsakd njywhrm vgragkts.

\jgrlcakd watcak rjsu`ts. \jgrlcakd ey baj`m.

\jgrlcakd ak tcj lglcj gkm grlcavj. ]ruklgtakd tcj ZU@.

Tje satj mhigaks.




7? Fu`y 5?75 G]_ 5-55.1 L-:

Ujhrmjr \jgrlc ]jris

L-72. \jgrlc jkdakjs igy p`glj g cadcjr vgùj hk tcj barst whrm hr whrms ak g iu`tap`j whrm hr pcrgsj

sjgrlc strakd. Bhr jxgip`j, lcgkdakd tcj whrm hrmjr brhi mjvaljs jxp`hsavj th jxp`hsavj mjvaljs igy yaj`m

mabbjrjkt sjgrlc rjsu`ts.

Lcgkdj \pj`àkd gkm Drgiigr

L-74. \jgrlc jkdakjs gttjipt th igtlc tcj jxglt spj`àkd hb tcj whrms ak tcj sjgrlc strakd. ]cjrj grj sjgrlc

jkdakjs tcgt rjlhdkazj g`tjrkgtj spj`àkds hr prhipt tcj usjr th lhrrjlt lhiihk iasspj`àkds. Bhr jxgip`j,

lcgkdakd tcj spj`àkd hb g whrm brhi tcj Gijralgk-Jkdàsc ljktjr th tcj Eratasc-Jkdàsc ljktrj igy yaj`m

mabbjrjkt rjsu`ts. Ehh`jgk `hdal lgk g`sh ej usjm ak hrmjr th larluivjkt phtjktag` spj`àkd iastgnjs. Gmmatahkg``y,

lcgkdakd tcj spj`àkd hb g trgksàtjrgtjm kgij djkjrgtjs mabbjrjkt rjsu`ts tcgt igy ej usjbu` mjpjkmakd uphk tcj

hefjltavj hb tcj sjgrlc, sulc gs tcj spj`àkd vgragtahks hb tcj kgij ”

G`-Wgjmg.

g`-Wgamg.

g`-Wg‑amg.

j`-Wgamg.

g` Wgjmg.

Gmfust Zppjr hr @hwjr Lgsj

L-73. \jgrlc jkdakjs igy hr igy kht supphrt lgsj sjksatavj sjgrlcjs. \hij sjgrlc jkdakjs gttjipt th

igtlc tcj whrm jxglt`y gs jktjrjm ak tcj sjgrlc. Ihst sjgrlcjs schu`m ej g`` `hwjrlgsj `jttjrs. Tcjk

`hhnakd bhr tcj kgij hb g pjrshk, djhdrgpcalg` `hlgtahk, tat`j, hr htcjr khrig``y lgpatgàzjm whrm, usj g lgsj

sjksatavj sjgrlc jkdakj. Bhr jxgip`j, lcgkdakd tcj lgsj hb g whrm sulc gs fgvg th FGRG lcgkdjs tcj rjsu`ts

brhi lhbbjj Tje satjs th shbtwgrj prhdrgi Tje satjs.

Zsj Njywhrm Rgragkts

L-71. H\AK] pjrshkkj` usj tjris tcgt grj lu`turg``y hr djhdrgpcalg``y lhiihk. Zsakd vgragkts hb g

njywhrm sulc gs lcgkdakd phàljigk th lhp, eheey, djkmgrij, lgrgeakajrj, phàlég, phàtzja, hr htcjr

bhris igy aiprhvj sjgrlc rjsu`ts.

\jgrlc Tatcak Ujsu`ts

L-5?. Ab tcj akatag` hr bh``hw-hk sjgrlc prhmuljs dhhm eut sta`` uksgtasbglthry rjsu`ts, H\AK] pjrshkkj` lgk

sjgrlc watcak tcjsj rjsu`ts th prhmulj g cadcjr prhegeaàty hb bakmakd tcj mjsarjm rjsu`ts. Ihst sjgrlc

jkdakjs masp`gy gk hptahk sulc gs sjgrlc watcak tcjsj rjsu`ts hr saia`gr pgdjs th gssast tcj usjr.

\jgrlc ey Baj`m

L-57. Ak g baj`m sjgrlc, H\AK] pjrshkkj` `hhn bhr njywhrms watcak tcj ZU@ gs hpphsjm th sjgrlcakd tcj

Aktjrkjt. ]cas as typalg``y mhkj wcjk tcj sjgrlc jkdakj rjturkjm g `grdj kuiejr hb rjsu`ts. Tca`j lgpgeaàtajs vgry

ey sjgrlc jkdakj, shij hb tcj lhiihk baj`m sjgrlc hpjrgthrs grj ”

Gklchr. \jgrlcjs bhr Tje satjs watc g spjlabajm cypjràkn.

Mhigak. \jgrlcjs bhr spjlabal mhigaks.

@anj. \jgrlcjs bhr Tje satjs saia`gr hr rj`gtjm ak shij wgy th spjlabajm ZU@s. @akn. \jgrlcjs bhr spjlabal cypjràkns jiejmmjm ak g Tje satj.

]jxt. \jgrlcjs bhr spjlabal tjxt ak tcj ehmy hb tcj Tje satj.

ZU@. \jgrlcjs bhr spjlabal tjxt ak lhip`jtj Tje satj gmmrjssjs.



Gppjkmax L

L-2 G]_ 5-55.1 7? Fu`y 5?75

\jgrlc ak Lglcj gkm Grlcavj

L-55. \hijtaijs g sjgrlc hr gk gttjipt th sjgrlc watc rjsu`ts rjturks g ZU@ tcgt igtlcjs jxglt`y tcj sjgrlc

hefjltavj eut wcjk glljssjm tcj Tje satj as kh `hkdjr gltavj. Ab tcj sjgrlc jkdakj lgpturjs mgtg gs wj`` gs tcj

ZU@ `hlgthr, sj`jlt tcj lglcjm àkn th glljss tcj hradakg` mgtg. H\AK] pjrshkkj` lgk g`sh sjgrlc gk Aktjrkjt

grlcavj Tje satj, sulc gs www.grlcavj.hrd, bhr tcj lhktjkt. H\AK] pjrshkkj` kjjm th cgvj gwgrjkjss tcgt tcas

akbhrigtahk as casthralg` gkm kht suefjlt th upmgtj ey hradakg` lrjgthrs.

]ruklgtj tcj Zkabhri Ujshurlj @hlgthr

L-5<. Egsjm hk tcj thpal hb tcj akbhrigtahk hr aktj`àdjklj rjquarjijkt, H\AK] pjrshkkj` lgk igkug``y

sjgrlc watcak tcj rjsu`ts ey truklgtakd tcj ZU@ th g Tje satj. H\AK] pjrshkkj` whrn eglnwgrms brhi tcj

hradakg` sjgrlc rjsu`t th tcj Tje satj lhktgakakd tcj mjsarjm akbhrigtahk hr mgtgegsj ey mj`jtakd tcj jkm

sjdijkts hb tcj ZU@ gt tcj bhrwgrm s`gsc. \jj igkug``y truklgtakd g ZU@ jxgip`j ak tge`j L-5.

L-5=. ]cjrj grj g`sh ZU@ schrtjkakd gssastgklj Tje satjs tcgt rjmarjlt g usjr brhi g schrt ZU@ (sulc gs ak

tcj sjlhkm pgrt hb tge`j L-5) th g iulc `hkdjr ZU@ sjrvakd gs tcj gltug` gmmrjss hb tcj Tje satj. ]cjsj grj

hbtjk usjm ak shlag` ijmag sjrvaljs ànj ]wattjr muj th tcj lcgrgltjr rjstraltahks p`gljm hk usjrs.

]ge`j L-5. ]ruklgtakd gkm schrtjkakd ukabhri rjshurlj `hlgthrs

Igkug` `y ]ruklgt akd g Zkabhri Ujshurlj @hlgthr (ZU@)

Jxgip`j ZU@ th truklgtj cttp6//www.wjesatj.lhi/mjbgu`t.gspx8utiXshurlj9twattjr&utiXijmaui9shlag`-ijmag

Mj`jtj g`` eut tcj igak pgrt hb tcj Tjesatj gmmrjss

cttp6//www.wjesatj.lhi/

\chrtjkakd ZU@s Zsakd \chrtjkakd Gssastgklj

Jxgip`j ZU@ th pgstj akth schrtjkakdgssastgklj Tje satj

cttp6//www.gigzhk.lhi/Nakm`j-Tarj`jss-Ujgmakd-Masp`gy-D`heg``y/mp/E??<B\ZMI=/rjb9gieXàknX<:<5:1:25X58pbXrmXi9G]R_MNAN S?MJU&pbXrmXs9ljktjr-7?&pbXrmXr977JQN]K235G41]<4?GI<&pbXrmXt95?7&pbXrmXp9754?13:135&pbXrmXa9E??5Q54_<I

]cj schrtjkakd Tje satj prhmuljs tcjjxgip`j ZU@ th usj ak shlag` ijmagsjttakds hr ak j-iga`

cttp6//takyur`.lhi/Nakm`jTarj`jss

Tje \atj Mhigaks

L-5:. Mhigak kgijs hk tcj Aktjrkjt grj amjktabyakd `gej`s gkm grj usjm ak vgrahus kjtwhrnakd lhktjxts. ]cjy

grj usjm gs saip`j amjktabalgtahk `gej`s th akmalgtj hwkjrscap hr lhktrh` hb g rjshurlj. Tatc tcj ia`àhks hb

ZU@s hk TTT, aktj`àdjklj pjrshkkj` grj bgljm watc g iyragm hb Tje satjs tcgt igy hr igy kht prhmulj hr

igaktgak tcj akbhrigtahk prjsjktjm ak tcgt mhigak. Ljrtgak mhigaks, sulc gs tchsj àstjm ak tge`j L-<, grj

lhksastjkt`y rjàge`j gs ejakd gmiakastjrjm gkm gutchrjm ey tchsj typjs hb hrdgkazgtahks.

Khtj. H\AK] pjrshkkj` jxp`hatakd pueàl`y gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk gkm hpjk shurljs iust kht

tgnj .hrd , .akbh, hr .kjt jxtjksahks gs kjljssgra`y prhmuljm ey g ehkg bamj hrdgkazgtahk bhr tcgt

mhigak.




7? Fu`y 5?75 G]_ 5-55.1 L-4

]ge`j L-<. Lhiihk Tje satj mhigaks

Mhigak Mjslr apt ahk

.gjrh Ujsjrvjm bhr ijiejrs hb tcj gar trgksphrt akmustry

.eaz Ujstraltjm th eusakjssjs

.lhi Zkrjstraltjm thp-`jvj` mhigak aktjkmjm bhr lhiijrlag` lhktjkt

.lhhp Ujsjrvjm bhr lhhpjrgtavj gsshlagtahks.jmu Ujsjrvjm bhr phstsjlhkmgry akstatutahks gllrjmatjm ey gk gdjkly hk tcj Z.\. Mjpgrtijkt hb

Jmulgtahk‑s ast hb Kgtahkg``y Ujlhdkazjm Gllrjmatakd Gdjklajs

.dhv Ujsjrvjm jxlùsavj`y bhr tcj Z.\. Dhvjrkijkt

.akbh Zkrjstraltjm thp-`jvj` mhigak

.akt Zsjm hk`y bhr rjdastjrakd hrdgkazgtahks jstgeàscjm ey aktjrkgtahkg` trjgtajs ejtwjjkdhvjrkijkts

.fhes Ujsjrvjm bhr cuigk rjshurlj igkgdjrs

.ia` Ujsjrvjm jxlùsavj`y bhr tcj Z.\. iaàtgry

.iusjui Ujsjrvjm bhr iusjuis

.kgij Ujsjrvjm bhr akmavamug`s

.kjt Ujsjrvjm bhr kjtwhrnakd tjlckh`hdalg` akmavamug`s

.hrd Aktjkmjm bhr khklhiijrlag` usj eut hpjk th g`` lhiiukatajs

.prh Ujstraltjm th lrjmjktag`jm prhbjssahkg`s gkm rj`gtjm jktatajs

H_JK-\HZULJ MG]GEG\J\, \HB]TGUJ, GKM ]HH@\

L-52. ]cjrj grj kuijrhus LH]\ shbtwgrj gppàlgtahks, thh`s, gkm mgtgegsjs tcgt grj sjgrlcge`j usakd qujry

whrms bhr rjsjgrlc. \jgrlc jkdakjs usjm bhr rjsjgrlc aklùmj eut grj kht àiatjm th ”

Dhhd`j \lch`gr. Dhhd`j \lch`gr prhvamjs g saip`j wgy th erhgm`y sjgrlc bhr slch`gr`y àtjrgturj.

Brhi hkj p`glj, sjgrlcjs jxpgkm glrhss igky maslapàkjs gkm shurljs tcgt aklùmj grtal`js, tcjsjs,

ehhns, gkm gestrglts. Dhhd j \lch`gr cj`ps `hlgtj rj`jvgkt whrn glrhss tcj whr m hb slch gr`y

rjsjgrlc.

\phnjh. \phnjh spjlagàzjs ak hrdgkazakd pjhp`j-rj`gtjm akbhrigtahk (kgijs, gmmrjssjs, pchkj

kuiejrs) brhi pchkj ehhns, shlag` kjtwhrns, igrnjtakd àsts, eusakjss Tje satjs, gkm htcjr pueàl

shurljs. \phnjh usjs g`dhratcis th pajlj thdjtcjr mgtg akth lhcjrjkt prhba`js. E`hd _u`sj. E`hd_u`sj as gk guthigtjm trjkm maslhvjry systji bhr e`hds ey gpp`yakd iglcakj-

`jgrkakd gkm kgturg` `gkdugdj prhljssakd tjlckaqujs.

_ap`. _ap` qujry jkdakj cj`ps `hlgtj Mjjp Tje pgdjs tcgt lgkkht ej bhukm hk rjdu`gr hr stgkmgrm

sjgrlc jkdakjs. _ap` usjs gmvgkljm `gkdugdj-gkg`ysas gkm rgknakd g`dhratcis th rjtrajvj tcj ihst

rj`jvgkt akbhrigtahk gehut gk akmavamug`.

Ihkattjr. Ihkattjr as g erhwsjr-egsjm ]wattjr sjgrlc jkdakj. Ihkattjr masp`gys tcrjj lhkstgkt`y

upmgtjm njywhrm sjgrlcjs pgrg``j` th jglc htcjr ak yhur erhwsjr.

Ig`tjdh. Ig`tjdh as g bhrjksal gppàlgtahk tcgt hbbjrs mgtg-iakakd gkm dgtcjrakd hb akbhrigtahk akth

pglngdjm rjprjsjktgtahks. Ig tjdh g``hws tcj amjktabalgtahk hb njy rj`gtahkscaps ejtwjjk akbhrigtahk

gkm amjktaby prjvahus`y uknkhwk rj`gtahkscaps.



Gppjkmax L

L-3 G]_ 5-55.1 7? Fu`y 5?75

DHHD@J ]HH@\

L-54. Dhhd`j thh`s gssast ak jxp`hatakd pueàl`y gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk gkm hpjk shurljs tcrhudc ”

Wujry whrms.

Wujry typjs.

Wujry ihmabajrs.

WZJUQ THUM\

L-53. Dhhd`j supphrts sjvjrg` gmvgkljm Ehh`jgk `hdal hpjrgthrs, wcalc grj qujry whrms tcgt cgvj spjlag`

ijgkakd th Dhhd`j. ]ypalg``y qujry typjs gkm qujry ihmabajrs, wcjk gppàjm ey hpjrgthrs, ihmaby tcj

pgrgijtjrs gkm rjsu`ts hb sjgrlc jkdakjs.

WZJUQ ]Q_J\

L-51. Bhur lgtjdhrajs lhvjrakd ihst Tje-sjgrlc qujrajs aklùmj ”

Lglcj. Ab htcjr whrms grj aklùmjm ak tcj qujry, Dhhd`j cadcàdcts tchsj whrms watcak tcj

lglcjm mhluijkt. Bhr jxgip`j, ^lglcj6www.dhhd`j.lhi wjeY schws tcj lglcjm lhktjkt watc

tcj whrm ‐wje’ cadcàdctjm.

@akn. ]cj qujry ^àkn6Y àsts Tje pgdjs tcgt cgvj àkns th tcj spjlabajm Tje pgdj. Bhr jxgip`j,

^àkn6www.dhhd`j.lhiY àsts Tje pgdjs tcgt cgvj àkns phaktakd th tcj Dhhd`j chijpgdj.

Uj`gtjm. ]cj qujry ^rj`gtjm6Y àsts Tje pgdjs tcgt grj saia`gr th g spjlabajm Tje pgdj. Bhr

jxgip`j, ^rj`gtjm6www.dhhd`j.lhiY àsts Tje pgdjs tcgt grj saia`gr th tcj Dhhd`j chijpgdj.

Akbh. ]cj qujry âkbh6Y prjsjkts shij akbhrigtahk tcgt Dhhd`j cgs gehut tcgt Tje pgdj. Bhr

jxgip`j, âkbh6www.dhhd`j.lhiY schws akbhrigtahk gehut tcj Dhhd`j chijpgdj.

WZJUQ IHMABAJU\

L-<?. Ujsjgrlc usakd g spjlabal sjgrlc qujry lgk ej ihmabajm usakd tcj bh``hwakd ihmabajrs6

\atj. Ab ^satj6Y as aklùmjm ak tcj qujry, tcj rjsu`ts grj rjstraltjm th tchsj Tje satjs ak tcj davjk

mhigak. Bhr jxgip`j, ^cj`p satj6www.dhhd`j.lhiY bakms pgdjs gehut cj`p watcak

www.dhhd`j.lhi. ^cj`p satj6lhiY bakms pgdjs gehut cj`p watcak .lhi ZU@s.

G`àktat`j. Ab g qujry stgrts watc ^g`àktat`j6Y, tcj rjsu`ts grj rjstraltjm th tchsj Tje satjs watc g``

hb tcj qujry whrms ak tcj tat`j. Bhr jxgip`j, ^g`àktat`j6 dhhd`j sjgrlcY rjturks hk`y mhluijkts

tcgt cgvj ehtc dhhd`j gkm sjgrlc ak tcj tat`j.

Aktat`j. Ab âktat`j6Y as aklùmjm ak tcj qujry, tcj rjsu`ts grj rjstraltjm th mhluijkts lhktgakakd tcgt

whrm ak tcj tat`j. Bhr jxgip`j, âktat`j6dhhd`j sjgrlcY rjturks mhluijkts tcgt cgvj tcj whrm

dhhd`j ak tcjar tat`j, gkm cgvj tcj whrm sjgrlc gkywcjrj ak tcj mhluijkt (tat`j hr kht). _uttakd

âktat`j6Y ak brhkt hb jvjry whrm ak tcj qujry as jquavg`jkt th puttakd ^g`àktat`j6Y gt tcj brhkt hb tcj

qujry6 âktat`j6dhhd`j aktat`j6sjgrlcY as tcj sgij gs ^g`àktat`j6 dhhd`j sjgrlcY.

G`àkur`. Ab g qujry stgrts watc ^g`àkur`6Y, tcj rjsu`ts grj rjstraltjm th tchsj Tje satjs watc g`` hb

tcj qujry whrms ak tcj ZU@. Bhr jxgip`j, ^g`àkur`6 dhhd`j sjgrlcY rjturks hk`y mhluijkts tcgt

cgvj ehtc dhhd`j gkm sjgrlc ak tcj ZU@.

Akur`. Ab âkur`6Y as aklùmjm ak tcj qujry, tcj rjsu`ts grj rjstraltjm th tchsj mhluijkts lhktgakakd

tcgt whrm ak tcj ZU@. Bhr jxgip`j, âkur`6dhhd`j sjgrlcY rjturks mhluijkts tcgt cgvj tcj whrm

dhhd`j ak tcjar ZU@s, gkm cgvj tcj whrm sjgrlc gkywcjrj ak tcj mhluijkt (ZU@ hr kht)._uttakd ‐akur`6’ ak brhkt hb jvjry whrm ak tcj qujry as jquavg`jkt th puttakd ‐g`àkur`6’ gt tcj brhkt

hb tcj qujry6 âkur`6dhhd`j akur`6sjgrlcY as tcj sgij gs ^g`àkur`6 dhhd`j sjgrlcY.

AK]JUKG]AHKG@ AK]JUKJ] TJE \A]J\

]cj kuiejr hb khk-Jkdàsc-`gkdugdj usjrs hk tcj TTT gkm Mjjp Tje grj aklrjgsakd`y surpgssakd

Jkdàsc usjrs. ]cas aktjrkgtahkg` rjglc rjsu`ts ak tcj lrjgtahk hb bhrjadk Tje satjs watc spjlabal lhuktry




7? Fu`y 5?75 G]_ 5-55.1 L-1

lhmjs. H\AK] pjrshkkj` iust ej gwgrj hb tcj hradak hb bhrjadk Tje satjs gkm tcj phtjktag` vu`kjrgeaàtajs

akcjrjkt ak glljssakd tcjsj Tje satjs.

AK]JUKJ] \JGULC ]JLCKAWZJ LHK\AMJUG]AHK\

L-<7. Tcjk lhkmultakd Aktjrkjt egsal gkm gmvgkljm sjgrlcjs, tjlckaquj grjgs tcgt schu`m ej lhksamjrjm grj ”

LH]\ shbtwgrj. Tcjk utaàzakd LH]\ thh`s gkm shbtwgrj, H\AK] pjrshkkj` iust lhksamjr tcj

thh`s gkm shbtwgrj utaàzjm ak gllhrmgklj watc ukat \H_s, duamjàkjs gkm phàlajs.

Lgtg`hdakd gkm grlcavakd. Muj th tcj kgturj hb Aktjrkjt Tje satjs gkm tcj `gln hb lhktrh`

rjstraltahks, Tje satjs lgk ej rjihvjm brhi tcj TTT watchut prahr khtalj.

Gutchrscap. Hpjk-shurlj prhmults lgk hbtjktaijs ej gutchrjm tcrhudc gkhkyiaty.

Amjktabajm Tje satjs gkm phrtg`s. Bgiaàgrazgtahk hb pueàl`y gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk djkjrg``y

rjsu`ts ak stgkmgrmazjm Tje satjs gkm phrtg`s usjm bhr rjsjgrlc. Tje satjs gkm phrtg`s grj

suefjltavj ak kgturj muj th tcj eagsjs gkm pjrljptahks hb tcj Tje satj gmiakastrgthr hr mjsadkjr.

Hbb-àkj erhwsjrs. Muj th tcj vh`gta`j gkm ukprjmaltgeaàty hb Tje satjs, jbbjltavj usj hb hbb-àkj

erhwsjrs lgk jkcgklj Aktjrkjt rjsjgrlc.

AK]JUKJ] GKM H_JUG]AHK\ \JLZUA]Q RZ@KJUGEA@A]AJ\

L-<5. ]cj aktjkt hb H\AK] as th jxp`hat pueàl`y gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk gkm hpjk shurljs watchut rjvjgàkdusjr hr hrdgkazgtahkg` amjktatajs. Jxp`hatakd pueàl`y gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk gkm hpjk shurljs as typalg``y

gkhkyihus gkm lhkmultjm watc g `hw rasn hb phtjktag` H_\JL lhiprhiasj. ]cjrj grj akcjrjkt tcrjgts

wcjk lhkmultakd rjsjgrlc hk tcj TTT gkm Mjjp Tje. Hpjk-shurlj rjsjgrlc lgk lhiprhiasj H_\JL

gkm rjvjg` usjr amjktabalgtahk gkm tcj `hlgtahk hb tcj lhiputjr systjis tcrhudc A_ gmmrjssjs. Gky kuiejr

hb systji masruptahk thh`s lgk rjkmjr hpjk-shurlj lh``jltahk gltavatajs akjbbjltavj. ]cjsj aklùmj eut grj kht

àiatjm th ”

Rarusjs. Lhiputjr lhmjs tcgt gttglc th lhiputjr prhdrgis. Hklj gttglcjm, varusjs akbjlt htcjr

lhiputjr systjis tcrhudc rjpàlgtahk.

]rhfgk chrsjs. Lhiputjr prhdrgis tcgt prjvjkt usjr-gltavgtjm lhiigkms.

Thris. \j`b-lhktgakjm lhiputjr prhdrgis tcgt akbjlt lhiputjrs tcrhudc rjpàlgtahk. Thris

lrjgtj trgbbal hk Tje satjs watc tcj hefjltavj hb mjlrjgsakd vasaeaàty ey lhkmultakd mjkag` hb

sjrvalj gttglns.

Khtj. H\AK] pjrshkkj` schu`m lhksu`t watc hrdgkal ukat‑s \-2/D-2 gkm akbhrigtahk gssurgklj

pjrshkkj` bhr lurrjkt tcrjgts gkm duamjàkjs th jksurj tcgt hpjrgtakd systjis gkm erhwsjrs grj

usakd tcj ihst lurrjkt sjluraty pgtlcjs, gktavarus, gkm gktaspywgrj prhtjltahk shbtwgrj.



7? Fu`y 5?75 G]_ 5-55.1 M-7

Gppjkmax M

H\AK] Lhktraeutahks

]cj vadkjttjs gkm maslussahks ak tcas gppjkmax a`ùstrgtj chw aktjdrgtjm H\AK]supphrts hr lhktraeutjs th ”

Zkabajm `gkm hpjrgtahks gkm gsshlagtjm iassahks gkm tgsns.

Htcjr aktj`àdjklj maslapàkjs.

Htcjr bukltahks, sulc gs satj jxp`hatgtahk (\J) gkm shurlj vjttakd.

]cj jxgip`js prhvamjm mh kht lhkstatutj g lhiprjcjksavj àst.

\Z__HU] ]H ]GUDJ]AKD, LHZK]JUAK\ZUDJKLQ, GKMAI_UHRA\JM JS_@H\ARJ MJRALJ MJBJG] H_JUG]AHK\

M-7. Gs g rjsu`t hb tgrdjt mjvj`hpijkt, H\AK] lhktraeutjs th tcj prhmults sulc gs tgrdjt àsts, tgrdjt

bh`mjrs, tgrdjt erajbs, gkm jxp`hatgtahk rjquarjijkts. ]cj bh``hwakd vadkjttj mjslraejs hkj satugtahk wcjrj

H\AK] lhktraeutjs th tgrdjtakd. (Bhr ihrj akbhrigtahk hk tgrdjtakd sjj BI <-2?.)

Jxgip`j hb H\AK] Lhktraeutahks th ]grdjtakd]cj Zkatjm \tgtjs as dhakd th wgr gdgakst Lhuktry S. ]cj Zkatjm \tgtjs cgs gkhefjltavj th àiat tcj lhuktjrstranj lgpgeaàtajs hb Lhuktry S. ]cjrj as g sadkabalgktiaàtgry sthlnpa`j tcgt Lhuktry S purphsj`y lh``hlgtjm ey g rjàdahus ljktjr. \chu`mtcj Zkatjm \tgtjs mjstrhy tcj sthlnpa`j nkhwakd tcjrj as g drjgt lcgklj tcgt tcj

syiehàl rjàdahus ljktjr wa`` ej mjstrhyjm gs lh``gtjrg` mgigdj8H\AK] lgk supphrt tcas hefjltavj ey prhvamakd akbhrigtahk sulc gs”

Tcgt as tcj rjàdahus eglndrhukm hb tcj phpu`gtahk avakd kjgr tcj rjàdahus ljktjr8

As tcj rjàdahus ljktjr lu`turg``y sadkabalgkt8

As at gk casthralg` `gkmigrn8

Tcgt as tcj ignjup hb tcj lhkdrjdgtahk8

Tcgt grj tcj khrig` taijs tcgt pjhp`j lhkdrjdgtj8

Tcgt grj tcj tjlckalg` mjslraptahks hb tcj jquapijkt ak tcj sthlnpa`j8

M-5. Ak supphrt hb lhuktjraksurdjkly hpjrgtahks, pueàl`y gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk as vgùge`j bhr

ukmjrstgkmakd tcj hpjrgtahkg` jkvarhkijkt. At as hbtjk ihrj usjbu` tcgk gky htcjr maslapàkj bhr

ukmjrstgkmakd pueàl gttatumjs gkm pueàl supphrt murakd lhuktjraksurdjkly hpjrgtahks. _ueàl`y gvga`ge`j

akbhrigtahk as g`sh gk aiphrtgkt ijgks hb mjtjriakakd tcj jbbjltavjkjss hb akbhri gkm akbùjklj gltavatajsgihkd tcj `hlg` phpu`glj. Ihkathrakd pueàl ijmag ejkjbats lhuktjraksurdjkly hpjrgtahks. Ab phssae`j,

ihkathrakd schu`m hllur gt jvjry jlcj`hk ak supphrt hb _AUs. Jglc jlcj`hk schu`m ihkathr tcj ijmag tcgt

lhktgak akbhrigtahk rj`jvgkt th hpjrgtahks gt tcgt jlcj`hk. Bhr akstgklj, gt tcj lhrps `jvj`, igfhr kjws

kjtwhrns schu`m ej ihkathrjm> ak lhktrgst, gt tcj tgltalg` `jvj`, `hlg` kjwspgpjrs hr rgmah stgtahks igy ej

ihrj aiphrtgkt. (Bhr gmmatahkg` akbhrigtahk hk lhuktjraksurdjkly hpjrgtahks, sjj BI <-5=.)



Gppjkmax M

M-5 G]_ 5-55.1 7? Fu`y 5?75

M-<. Ak supphrt hb aiprhvasjm jxp`hsavj mjvalj (AJM) mjbjgt hpjrgtahks, pueàl`y gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk

lgk ej usjm th ”

Lh``jlt gkm ihkathr AJM-rj`gtjm akbhrigtahk maslussjm murakd jvjkts tcgt grj hpjk th tcj pueàl

hr hllur ak pueàl grjgs.

Lh``jlt gkm ihkathr AJM-rj`gtjm akbhrigtahk tcgt as `hlgtjm ak gky rjlhrmjm pueàl mhluijkt

(sulc gs kjwspgpjrs, igdgzakjs, `jgb`jts, erhlcurjs, phstjrs).

Lh``jlt gkm ihkathr AJM-rj`gtjm akbhrigtahk tcgt as erhgmlgst bhr djkjrg` pueàl lhksuiptahk thg`` rjljavjrs hr tjriakg`s watcak g lhiputjr, rgmah, hr tj`jvasahk kjtwhrn.

Ihkathr tcrjgt hr AJM-rj`gtjm Aktjrkjt Tje satjs tcgt igy prhvamj akmalgtahks gkm wgrkakd hb

tcrjgt aktjktahks, lgpgeaàtajs, gltavatajs, gkm rjsphksae`j jktatajs bhr g spjlabal aklamjkt.

M-=. \jj BI <-1?.771 bhr ihrj akbhrigtahk hk lhieakjm gris AJM mjbjgt hpjrgtahks.

\Z__HU] ]H H]CJU AK]J@@ADJKLJ MA\LA_@AKJ\

M-:. _ueàl`y gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk gkm hpjk shurljs mjvj`hpjm gs bakgàzjm H\AK] lgk g`sh supphrt

htcjr aktj`àdjklj maslapàkjs.

CZIGK AK]J@@ADJKLJ

M-2. H\AK] supphrts CZIAK] lh``jltahk hpjrgtahks ey prhvamakd hpjk-shurlj igtjrag`s th tcjgpprhpragtj F/D/\-5S gkm aktj`àdjklj lhiiukaty gdjklajs gkm àgashk hbbaljrs. ]cjsj igtjrag`s aklùmj eut

grj kht àiatjm th ”

Igps.

Lcgrts.

_chkj marjlthrajs.

Eusakjss marjlthrajs.

Kjwspgpjrs.

Ramjh gkm gumah ijmag (aklùmakd tgpjs gkm LMs).

M-4. Bhr burtcjr akbhrigtahk hk CZIAK] lh``jlthr hpjrgtahks sjj BI 5-55.<.

\ADKG@\ AK]J@@ADJKLJ GKM DJH\_G]AG@ AK]J@@ADJKLJ

M-3. ]cj bh``hwakd vadkjttj mjslraejs g spjlabal satugtahk wcjrj H\AK] marjlt`y lhktraeutjs th sadkg`s

aktj`àdjklj (\ADAK]) gkm djhspgtag` aktj`àdjklj (DJHAK]).



H\AK] Hrdgkazgtahks

7? Fu`y 5?75 G]_ 5-55.1 M-<

Jxgip`j hb H\AK] Lhktraeutahks th \ADAK]]cj sadkg`s hbbaljr bhr Zkat L as prjpgrakd gk gssjssijkt egsjm hk gk uplhiakdhpjrgtahk. ]cj sadkg`s hbbaljr mhjs kht cgvj glljss th l`gssabajm systjis. Zkat L asprjpgrakd th lhkmult hpjrgtahks ak gk grjg wcjrj tcj ijmag as stgtj-lhktrh``jm ey gthtgàtgragk dhvjrkijkt.

H\AK] lgk supphrt tcj sadkg`s hbbaljr ey prhvamakd akbhrigtahk sulc gs” ]cj amjktabalgtahk hb `hlg``y tj`jvasjm lcgkkj`s g`hkd watc supphrtakd lhiphkjkts

gkm systjis.

Tje satjs usjm th lhiiukalgtj th tcj hlg` phpu`glj.

Jxgip`j hb H\AK] Lhktraeutahks th DJHAK]Murakd iassahk p`gkkakd, Jkdakjjr M as hesjrvakd tcj phtjktag` jbbjlts hb eua`makd gkjw rga` systji. ]cj rga` systji wa`` easjlt gk gdralu`turg` lhiiukaty `hlgtjm g`hkd gpraigry arradgtahk pgtc. ]cjrj as gk aklrjgsjm phtjktag` tcgt tcj rga` systji wa`` masruptgkm lgusj mgigdj th tcj arradgtahk lgkg`s. ]cjrj grj taij lhkstrgakts prjvjktakd tcjrjqujst hb sgtj`àtj aigdjry ak hrmjr th prhvamj gk hvjrcjgm vajw hb tcj grjg bhrgssjssijkt. Ab tcj rga` systji mgigdjs tcj arradgtahk lgkg`s, tcj rjsu`ts wa`` ihrj

tcgk ànj`y mjstrhy rj`gtahkscaps jstgeàscjm ejtwjjk ukat `jgmjrscap gkm traeg``jgmjrs.

H\AK] lgk supphrt aigdjry aktj`àdjklj (AIAK]) ey prhvamakd akbhrigtahk sulc gsDhhd`j Jgrtc gkm htcjr LH]\ aigdjry th amjktaby g`tjrkgtavj wgtjrwgys, buturjarradgtahk mrgakakd grjgs, gkm wgtjr pgtcs ak tcj jvjkt hb b`hhmakd.

]JLCKALG@ AK]J@@ADJKLJ GKM LHZK]JUAK]J@@ADJKLJ

M-1. _ueàl`y gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk supphrts tjlckalg` aktj`àdjklj (]JLCAK]) jbbhrts ak sadkabalgkt wgys.

G`tchudc gmvjrsgrajs gkm phtjktag` tcrjgts gttjipt th l`hsj`y prhtjlt lgpgeaàtajs gkm vu`kjrgeaàtajs gs wj`` gs

aktjkt, tcj akjvatge`j rjsu`ts hb tjlckh`hdalg` gmvgkljs, sulc gs tcj Aktjrkjt gkm Dhhd`j Jgrtc, prhvamj

jxp`hatgtahk hpphrtukatajs akth jvjk tcj ihst sjlrjtavj kgtahks gkm hrdgkazgtahks. (Bhr burtcjr akbhrigtahk hk

]JLCAK], sjj ]L 5-55.=.)

M-7?. Ak supphrt hb LA, pueàl`y gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk lgk ej usjm th hetgak akbhrigtahk tcgt sgtasbajs _AUs hr

htcjr stgkmakd LA lh``jltahk rjquarjijkts. ]cj lh``jlthrs hb Griy H\AK] grj tcj iaàtgry aktj`àdjklj eradgmjs.

Iaàtgry aktj`àdjklj \h`majrs rjljavj H\AK] trgakakd gt tcjar slchh`s, gs gppàlge`j. Zphk grravg` gt pjrigkjkt

muty stgtahks, ukat trgakakd schu`m aklùmj H\AK] trgakakd rj`jvgkt th muty gssadkijkts. (Bhr ihrj akbhrigtahk

hk LA, sjj BI 5-55.5.)



Gppjkmax J

J-= G]_ 5-55.1 7? Fu`y 5?75

Gppjkmax J

H\AK] Hrdgkazgtahks

H\AK] jxpgkms tcj jktarj erjgtc hb tcj aktj`àdjklj lhiiukaty brhi tcj kgtahkg``jvj` th tcj tgltalg` `jvj` hb hpjrgtahks. Z.\. Dhvjrkijkt hrdgkazgtahks, sulc gsMHM, `gw jkbhrljijkt gdjklajs, gkm htcjrs tcgt lh``jlt, glquarj, jxp`hat, gkg`yzj,

massjiakgtj, hr utaàzj H\AK] gs g lusthijr aklùmj ”

Mjbjksj Hpjk \hurlj Lhukla` (MH\L).

AK\LHI.

MG AA\.

MKA H\L. Hpjk \hurlj Glgmjiy.

G\M.

BEA.

Bjmjrg` Ujsjgrlc Mavasahk (BUM), @aergry hb Lhkdrjss.

MJBJK\J H_JK \HZULJ LHZKLA@

J-7. ]cj MH\L as tcj praigry dhvjrkgklj ijlcgkasi bhr MHM H\AK]. At sjrvjs gs g bhrui bhr tcj

lhhrmakgtahk gkm bglaàtgtahk hb H\AK] gltavatajs gkm prhdrgis bhr g`` \jrvaljs gkm lhiegtgkt lhiigkms.

]cj MH\L gmvaljs gkm rjphrts th tcj Zkmjr \jlrjtgry hb Mjbjksj bhr Aktj`àdjklj (Z\MÂY) hk H\AK]

assujs gkm rjlhiijkms akatagtavjs th aiprhvj tcj jbbjltavjkjss gkm jbbalajkly hb H\AK] prhdrgis,

gltavatajs, gkm systjis hb tcj MHM. ]cj rjsphksaeaàtajs hb tcj MH\L aklùmj eut grj kht àiatjm th ”

]cj lhhrmakgtahk hb gltavatajs gkm tcj rjshùtahk hb H\AK] prhdrgis gkm gltavatajs.

]cj prahratazgtahk hb H\AK] rjquarjijkts.

Z.\. GUIQ AK]J@@ADJKLJ GKM \JLZUA]Q LHIIGKM

J-5. AK\LHI lhkmults iu`tamaslapàkj gkm g``-shurlj aktj`àdjklj hpjrgtahks th aklùmj lh``jltahk, gkg`ysas,

prhmultahk, gkm massjiakgtahk> nkhw`jmdj igkgdjijkt bhr tcj Griy aktj`àdjklj jktjrprasj> gs wj`` gs mj avjrs

spjlagàzjm qualn rjgltahk lgpgeaàtajs, gmvgkljm sna``s trgakakd, gkm àkduast supphrt bhr mjp`hyakd bhrljs th

jkge`j egtt`j lhiigkm th supphrt ukabajm gkm hpjrgtahks.

J-<. AK\LHI rjdahkg``y supphrts jglc hb tcj djhdrgpcal lhiegtgkt lhiigkms tcrhudc suehrmakgtj

rjdahkg``y bhlusjm iu`tabukltahkg` iaàtgry aktj`àdjklj eradgmjs. Jglc eradgmj igkgdjs aktj`àdjklj

rjquarjijkts (th aklùmj H\AK]) gkm prhvamjs supphrt th Griy tgltalg` ukats mjp`hyakd th hr hpjrgtakd

watcak g ukabajm lhiegtgkt lhiigkm‑s grjg hb rjsphksaeaàty hr hpjrgtahkg` jkvarhkijkt. Jglc

iu`tabukltahkg` eradgmj cgs tcj lgpgeaàty th prhmulj H\AK], djkjrgtj rjqujsts th cadcjr gdjklajs, gkm

gkswjr lh``jltahk rjquarjijkts sueiattjm ey suehrmakgtj ukats gt tcj tgltalg` `jvj` tcrhudc H\LGU-I\.



H\AK] Hrdgkazgtahks

7? Fu`y 5?75 G]_ 5-55.1 J-:

MJ_GU]IJK] HB ]CJ GUIQ AK]J@@ADJKLJ AKBHUIG]AHK\JURALJ

J-=. MG AA\ prhvamjs g erhgm spjltrui hb aktj`àdjklj supphrt bukltahks th Griy gkm aktj`àdjklj lhiiukaty

lusthijrs. MG AA\ as tcj praigry H\AK] akbhrigtahk gkm massjiakgtahk prhphkjkt bhr tcj Griy. MG AA\ as gk

j`jijkt hb Griy D-5, Aktj`àdjklj Akbhrigtahk Igkgdjijkt Marjlthrgtj (MGIA-AI) gkm hpjrgtahkg` lhktrh` as

gssadkjm th tcj AK\LHI D-<. MG AA\ as tcj praigry aktj`àdjklj akbhrigtahk massjiakgtahk hbbalj bhr tcj Griy.

MG AA\ prhvamjs g erhgm spjltrui hb aktj`àdjklj supphrt bukltahks th Griy gkm aktj`àdjklj lhiiukaty

lusthijrs, aklùmakd Griy Hpjk-\hurlj Lh``jltahks Ujquarjijkts Igkgdjijkt.

J-:. ]cj iassahk hb tcj MG AA\ as th lhhrmakgtj, massjiakgtj, gkm vgàmgtj tcj strgtjdal-`jvj` rjqujsts bhr

hpjk-shurlj rjquarjijkts Griy-wamj ukmjr tcj marjltahk hb tcj Griy D-5. ]cas as mhkj ey prhvamakd

akbhrigtahk scgrakd sjrvaljs glrhss tcj aktj`àdjklj lhiiukaty. ]cj MG AA\ as g vhtakd ijiejr hb tcj

Hbbalj hb tcj Marjlthr hb Kgtahkg` Aktj`àdjklj (HMKA) KH\L Lh``jltahk Ujquarjijkts Igkgdjijkt

(LUI) suelhiiattjj. MG AA\ as tcj Griy prhphkjkt hbbalj bhr H\AK]. Gs sulc at gmmrjssjs g`` gspjlts hb

H\AK] phàly, trgakakd, hpjrgtahkg` supphrt, lh``jltahk, prhmultahk, gkg`ysas, gkm massjiakgtahk.

MAUJL]HU HB KG]AHKG@ AK]J@@ADJKLJ H_JK \HZULJLJK]JU

J-2. ]cj MKA H\L supphrts tcj KH\J gs marjltjm ey tcj GMMKA/H\. ]cj H\L as gk hrdgkazgtahk watcaktcj aktj`àdjklj lhiiukaty, Z.\. Dhvjrkijkt, pravgtj sjlthr, gkm glgmjiag.

J-4. ]cj hpjrgtahks hb tcj H\L grj mravjk ey stgkmakd hpjk-shurlj rjquarjijkts lhktgakjm ak tcj H\L‑s

gkkug``y rjvajwjm gkm gpprhvjm akbhrigtahk lh``jltahk p`gks. ]cj H\L igaktgaks g whr`mwamj kjtwhrn hb

iu`taàkdug` rjdahkg` jxpjrts tcgt rjsphkm th aktj`àdjklj gkm akbhrigtahk rjquarjijkts usakd pueàl`y

gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk gkm hpjk shurljs sulc gs rgmah, tj`jvasahk, kjwspgpjrs, kjws gdjklajs, mgtgegsjs,

gkm tcj Aktjrkjt. ]cj H\L ihkathrs hpjk shurljs ak ihrj tcgk 72? lhuktrajs ak hvjr 3? `gkdugdjs gkm

glquarjs hpjk-shurlj mgtg whr`mwamj bhr hrdgkazgtahks glrhss MHM, Z.\. dhvjrkijkt gdjklajs, gkm `hlg`

`gw jkbhrljijkt mjpgrtijkts.

J-3. H\L sjrvaljs gkm thh`s bglaàtgtj H\AK] jbbhrts hb gdjklajs gkm hbbaljs tcrhudchut tcj Z.\.

Dhvjrkijkt gkm aktj`àdjklj lhiiukaty ey jkgeàkd tcj lrjgtahk, igkgdjijkt, gkm massjiakgtahk hb

ukl`gssabajm prhmults. ]cj jbbjltavjkjss gkm gmgptgeaàty hb H\L thh`s grj ”

Cadc`y mjvj`hpjm bhr hpjk-shurlj jxp`hatgtahk gkm prhmult lrjgtahk. Mjsadkjm th supphrt gkm prhvamj rjshurljs th g mjljktrgàzjm lusthijr-egsj igak`y tcrhudc tcj

Aktjrkjt gkm rjgma`y gvga`ge`j, purlcgsjm LH]\ lhktjkt.

Lhksastjkt watc aktj`àdjklj lhiiukaty sjluraty, tjlckalg`, gkm ijtgmgtg stgkmgrms.

J-1. ]cj H\L gkg`yzjs tcj lhktjkt gkm ejcgvahr hb ijmag gkm Aktjrkjt Tje satjs hb kgtahks gkm htcjr

aktjrkgtahkg` glthrs hb sadkabalgkt phàly aktjrjst th tcj Z.\. Dhvjrkijkt.

H_JK \HZULJ GLGMJIQ

J-7?. ]cj Hpjk \hurlj Glgmjiy as g `jgmakd prhvamjr hb hpjk-shurlj trgmjlrgbt trgakakd. Gs aktj`àdjklj

lhksuijrs p`glj g drjgtjr vgùj hk H\AK], hpjk-shurlj spjlagàsts tcrhudchut tcj Z.\. Dhvjrkijkt grj

turkakd th Hpjk \hurlj Glgmjiy lhursjs (sjj tge`j J-7) th eua`m hpjk-shurlj sna``s gkm th stgy gerjgst hb

jvh`vakd H\AK] tjlckh`hdajs. ]cj Hpjk \hurlj Glgmjiy as eua`makd rj`gtahkscaps watc lhiiukaty

`jgmjrs glrhss tcj aktj`àdjklj lhiiukaty th mjvj`hp g lhiprjcjksavj gpprhglc th aksta`àkd hpjk-shurljtrgmjlrgbt sna``s. ]cj glgmjiy chsts pgrtalapgkts jxpgkmakd glrhss MHM, bjmjrg` gdjklajs, gs wj`` gs `hlg`

`gw jkbhrljijkt mjpgrtijkts.

]ge`j J-7. Hpjk \hurlj Glgmjiy lurraluùi

Aktrhmultahk th tcj Baj`m

@aergry Ujshurljs gkm Ujsjgrlc ]jlckaqujs

Ijmag Gkg`ysas

Rasug` _jrsugsahk Ijtchmh`hdy GmvgkljmDhhdàkd

Gumajklj Ujshkgklj Ijtchmh`hdy



Gppjkmax J

J-2 G]_ 5-55.1 7? Fu`y 5?75

Kjwlhijr‑s Egsal Mjsnthp

Hpjk-shurlj Ujsjgrlc gkm Gkg`ysas

Hrajktgtahk th tcj Hpjk \hurlj Ljktjr

H\ 7?76 Hpjk-shurlj Bukmgijktg`s

H\ 5?76 Hpjk-shurlj 5?7

Hpjk-shurlj Aktj`àdjklj (H\AK]) gkm tcj

Htcjr Aktj`àdjkljs Hvjrvajw hb tcj Hpjk \hurlj Ljktjr

Lh``jltahk Ujquarjijkts _rhljss

\jluraty gkm _ravgly Assujs bhr Aktjrkjt Zsjrs

\igrt Ujsjgrlc”_grtkjrakd watc tcj @aergry

]jiphrgry Muty Thrnschp

]hh`s gkm Mgtg \hurljs

L`gssabalgtahk Thrnschp

Lhiiukaty Madatg` Gumah Ramjh Jktjrprasj(MGRJ) \ystji

Lrjgtakd Iu`ta-ijmag _rhmults

MGRJ Jxjlutavj Hvjrvajw

Massjiakgtahks

Jssjktag`s hb Hpjk-shurlj Gkg`ysas Baj`m Igkgdjijkt

Bukmgijktg`s hb Hpjk \hurlj Ljktjr ]jxtug`_rhmultahk gkm Hpjrgtahks (_UH_\)

Djhspgtag` Gkg`ysas6 Gk Aktrhmultahk

Cammjk Zkavjrsjs hb Akbhrigtahk hk tcj Aktjrkjt

Cadc-jkm Thrnstgtahk E`hln AA 7?7

Cadc-jkm Thrnstgtahk E`hln AA 5?7

Z.\. GUIQ G\AGK \]ZMAJ\ MJ]GLCIJK]

J-77. ]cj G\M as tcj h`mjst, `grdjst, gkm hkj hb tcj ihst wj``-jstgeàscjm H\AK] gltavatajs ak MHM tcgt

mjihkstrgtjs tcj lcgrgltjrastals hb sustgakjm H\AK] jxp`hatgtahk. ]cj G\M lh``jlts, gkg`yzjs, jxp`hats,

prhljssjs, gkm rjphrts schrt-th-iam-tjri gkg`ysjs hb pueàl`y gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk hk iaàtgry lgpgeaàtajs,

bhrlj prhtjltahk tcrjgts, gkm htcjr hpjrgtahkg`-`jvj` aktj`àdjklj akbhrigtahk hk lhuktrajs, bhrljs, gkm

khkstgtj glthrs hb aktjrjst ak tcj Z\_GLHI grjg hb rjsphksaeaàty. \ulc rjquarjijkts aklùmj tcj

lgpgeaàtajs, masphsatahk, gkm rjgmakjss hb iaàtgry bhrljs ak Lcakg, Khrtc Nhrjg, gkm tcj Uussagk Bgr Jgst,

gs wj`` gs mjbjksj-rj`gtjm thpals tcrhudchut \hutc gkm \hutcjgst Gsag. ]cj G\M sjrvjs gs g ihmj` bhr

lhiegtgkt lhiigkm-`jvj` H\AK] jxp`hatgtahk. ]cj G\M whrnbhrlj lhksasts hb Mjpgrtijkt hb tcj Griy

Lavaàgks gkm Griy Ujsjrvj gkm Kgtahkg` Dugrm \h`majrs wch sjrvj gs iassahk igkgdjrs gkm jmathrag` stgbb

gkm Dhvjrkijkt hb Fgpgk-bukmjm bhrjadk kgtahkg`s wch pjrbhri g`` hb tcj lh``jltahk, gkg`ysas, trgks`gtahk,

rjphrtakd, àergry, gkm drgpcals supphrt bukltahks.

J-75. ]cj iassahk hb tcj G\M as th lh``jlt, gkg`yzj, jxp`hat, gkm rjphrt bhrjadk H\AK] ak rjsphksj th

Z\_GLHI gkm Z.\. Griy _glabal tgsnakds gkm htcjr kgtahkg`-`jvj` aktj`àdjklj rjquarjijkts. G\M‑s

H\AK] lh``jlthrs, gkg`ysts, gkm rjphrtjrs gllhipàsc tcjar wamj-slhpj iassahk tcrhudc tcj jxp`hatgtahk hb

prakt gkm Aktjrkjt ijmag igtjrag`s.

J-7<. G\M pjrshkkj` jxtrglt gkm lhipa`j akbhrigtahk akth gkg`ytalg` prhmults gkswjrakd spjlabal tgsnakdsrjljavjm vag tcj H\LGU-I\. ]cj G\M syktcjsazjs gkm latjs hpjk-shurlj rjbjrjkljs ak hpjk-shurlj

aktj`àdjklj rjphrt bhrigt saia`gr th rjsjgrlc pgpjrs hr jssgys. G\M‑s lurrjkt hpjrgtahks sjltahk prhvamjs g

suatj hb mga`y ijmag suiigry prhmults lhktgakakd prjss grtal`js rjsphkmakd th ihrj aiijmagtj gkm taij-

sjksatavj rjquarjijkts bhr bhrjadk ijmag rjb`jltahks hb Z.\. gltavatajs gkm htcjr thpals hb aktjrjst. ]cj

sjrvaljs gkm thh`s tcgt tcj G\M prhvamj aklùmj eut grj kht àiatjm th ”

H\AK] prhmults rjsphkmakd th H\LGU-I\ rjquarjijkts.

Gkg`ytalg` hpjk-shurlj aktj`àdjklj rjphrts.

Mga`y bhrlj prhtjltahk/satugtahkg` gwgrjkjss rjphrts (B_\GUs).

Mga`y grjg surrhukmakd Fgpgk hpjk-shurlj aktj`àdjklj rjphrts (G\FHUs).

Mga`y satugtahkg` rjphrts (\A]UJ_s).

Tjjn`y Lcakg gkm ]gawgk Iaàtgry pchths rjphrts.

Gm chl rjphrtakd gs rjqujstjm ey lusthijr ak H\LGU-I\. H\AK] prhmult mastraeutahk hk KA_UKJ], \A_UKJ], gkm FTAL\.

Igp lh``jltahk.

Ijmag suiigry rjphrts.



H\AK] Hrdgkazgtahks

7? Fu`y 5?75 G]_ 5-55.1 J-4

BJMJUG@ EZUJGZ HB AKRJ\]ADG]AHK

J-7=. ]cj BEA as gk gdjkly hb tcj Mjpgrtijkt hb Fustalj tcgt sjrvjs gs ehtc g bjmjrg` lraiakg` akvjstadgtavj

ehmy gkm gk aktjrkg` aktj`àdjklj gdjkly. ]cj BEA cgs akvjstadgtavj furasmaltahk hvjr vah`gtahks hb ihrj

tcgk 5?? lgtjdhrajs hb bjmjrg` lraij.

J-7:. ]cj igak iassahks hb tcj BEA grj th prhtjlt gkm mjbjkm tcj Zkatjm \tgtjs gdgakst tjrrhrast gkm bhrjadk

aktj`àdjklj tcrjgts gkm th upch`m gkm jkbhrlj lraiakg` `gws. ]cas as mhkj ey bhlusakd hk spjlabal lgtjdhrajstcgt aklùmj eut grj kht àiatjm th ”

Egkn rheejry.

Uheejry gkm jxthrtahk gbbjltakd aktjrstgtj lhiijrlj.

Mruds.

Lhkspargly.

\jxug` jxp`hatgtahk hb iakhrs.

Iga` brgum.

Egkn brgum.

Brgum ey warj, rgmah, hr tj`jvasahk.

A``jdg` dgieàkd eusakjssjs.

J-72. ]cj BEA usjs pueàl`y gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk tcrhudc hpjk shurljs ak tcj grjgs hb lhuktjrtjrrhrasi,

LA, lyejrlraij, akbhrigtahk tjlckh`hdy, gkm bhrjksals. Tatcak tcj iassahk slhpj hb tcj BEA, tcj sjrvaljs

gkm thh`s prhvamjm aklùmj eut grj kht àiatjm th ”

@gw jkbhrljijkt eu``jtaks.

Lraij igppakd.

\tgtastals (lyejrlraij, wcatj-lh``gr lraij, gkm vah`jkt lraij).

BJMJUG@ UJ\JGULC MARA\AHK, @AEUGUQ HB LHKDUJ\\

J-74. ]cj BUM wgs hrdgkazjm murakd Thr`m Tgr AA th lh``jlt gkm lhkmult rjsjgrlc hk lgpturjm

gjrhkgutalg` gkm tjlckalg` rjphrts hk Djrigk gkm Fgpgkjsj bhrljs. ]cjsj lh``jltahks prhvamjm aksadct th

buturj Z.\. mjbjksavj phsturj mjvj`hpijkts gkm suesjqujkt`y gssastjm ak tcj aktj`àdjklj jbbhrt `jgmakd th

tcj mjbjgt hb tcj Gxas phwjrs.

J-73. ]cj iassahk hb tcj BUM as th prhvamj marjltjm rjsjgrlc gkm gkg`ysas hk mhijstal gkm aktjrkgtahkg`suefjlts th gdjklajs hb tcj Z.\. Dhvjrkijkt, tcj Mastralt hb Lhùieag, gkm gutchrazjm bjmjrg` lhktrglthrs.

]cj BUM lhkmults hpjk-shurlj rjsjgrlc bhr tcj Z.\. @aergry hb Lhkdrjss. ]cj sjrvaljs gkm thh`s tcgt tcj

BUM prhvamj aklùmj eut grj kht àiatjm th ”

_raigry rjsjgrlc igtjrag`, aklùmakd mhluijkt mjàvjry.

Bhrjadk `gkdugdj gestrgltakd gkm trgks`gtahk.

Gkkhtgtjm eaeàhdrgpcajs.

Hrdgkazgtahkg` gkm `jdas`gtavj casthrajs.

\tumajs gkm rjphrts.

Ehhns.

Iaàtgry `jdg` rjshurljs.

Lhuktry stumajs.

Lhuktry prhba`js.

]jrrhrasi gkm lraiakg` stumajs gkm gssjssijkts.



7? Fu`y 5?75 G]_ 5-55.1 Hpjk-\hurlj Ujshurljs-7

Gppjkmax B

Hpjk-\hurlj Ujshurljs

Aktj`àdjklj pjrshkkj` cgvj glljss th vgst gihukts hb akbhrigtahk murakd rjsjgrlc.Zkmjrstgkmakd gkm gwgrjkjss hb wcjrj th ejdak th `hhn bhr spjlabal akbhrigtahk lgk

ej tcj `grdjst hestgl`j gkg`ysts jklhuktjr. ]cj tge`js ak tcas gppjkmax àst shij

stgrtakd rjbjrjklj phakts bhr hetgakakd akbhrigtahk tcgt lgk ej mjvj`hpjm gkm prhmuljm akth bakgàzjm H\AK]. ]ge`j B-7 àsts hpjk-shurlj trgakakd gkm rjshurljstcgt grj spjlabalg``y iaàtgry.

]ge`j B-7. Iaàtgry hpjk-shurlj trgakakd gkm rjshurljs

Aktj`àdjklj Nkhw `jmdj Kjtwhrn (ANK)6 ANK as g nkhw`jmdj igkgdjijkt thh` tcgt jkge`js aktj`àdjklj \h`majrs whr`mwamj th lhiiukalgtj,lh``gehrgtj, gkm akvjstadgtj. ANK”

Chsts maslussahk bhruis.

\jrvjs gs g sakd`j phakt hb jktry th djt th Z.\. Griy Aktj`àdjklj Ljktjr hb Jxlj``jklj (Z\GALhJ) gkmhtcjr aktj`àdjklj lhiiukaty Tje satjs.

Chsts g vgrajty hb pueàl gkm pravgtj Tje gppàlgtahks tcgt supphrt tcj aktj`àdjklj lhiiukaty.

Zkavjrsaty hb Iaàtgry Aktj`àdjklj (ZIA)6

ZIA as tcj mastgklj `jgrkakd gri hb tcj iaàtgry aktj`àdjklj slchh`chusj. Brhi tcj ZIA Tje satj, iaàtgryaktj`àdjklj prhbjssahkg`s lgk glljss”

\j`b-pgljm gkm rjglcegln trgakakd.

]cj Lu`turg`, Bhrjadk @gkdugdj Aktjdrgtahk Ljktjr.

Iaàtgry aktj`àdjklj trgakakd rjshurljs.

Griy N khw`jmdj Hkàkj (GNH)Aktj`àdjklj6

GNH Aktj`àdjklj bjgturjs”

]cj Aktj`àdjklj Lh``gehrgtahk Ljktjr.

Nkhw`jmdj Ljktjr (mhluijkts, BIs, ]Ls, G]]_s, gkm htcjrs).

]rgakakd, gdjklajs, phàly, mhltrakj, gkm àkns th htcjr aktj`àdjklj-rj`gtjm Tje satjs.

GNH Hpjk-\hurlj _rhdrgi6

GNH Griy Hpjk-\hurlj _rhdrgi bjgturjs Hpjk-\hurlj”

Jvjkts. Aktj`àdjklj prhmults.

Maslussahk bhruis. Cgkmehhns.

@akns hb aktjrjst.

Iaàtgry Aktj`àdjklj @aergry 6 Gvga`ge`j vag tcj ANK gkm Tgrbadc tjr Bhrui chi jpgdj

Iaàtgry Aktj`àdjklj @aergry Ujbjrjklj Ljktjr aklùmjs igky mgtgegsjs gkm rjshurljs, sulc gs” Fhurkg`s gkm igdgzakjs. Casthralg` mhluijkts.

Bhris gkm pueàlgtahks. Lu`turg` baj`m rjgmakds.

Ujshurlj duamj. Iaàtgry Aktj`àdjklj Bhrjadk @gkdugdj ]rgakakd Ljktjr(IAB@]L).



Hpjk-\hurlj Ujshurljs

Hpjk-\hurlj Ujshurljs-5 G]_ 5-55.1 7? Fu`y 5?75

]ge`j B-7. Iaàtgry hpjk-shurlj trgakakd gkm rjshurljs (lhktakujm)

MG AA\ Lhuk try Ujsjgrlc _hrtg`6 Gvga`ge`j vag tcj MG AA\ phrtg` brhi tcj GNH chijpgdj

]cj Mjpgrtijkt hb tcj Griy Aktj`àdjklj Akbhrigtahk \jrvalj (MG AA\) Lhuktry Ujsjgrlc phrtg` cgs rhgm-igppjmgkm mgtg-iakjm kjtwhrns rjsu`takd ak g hkj-sthp-schp bhr aktj`àdjklj akbhrigtahk.

\hij hb tcj àkns hk tcas Tje satj aklùmj”

Hpjk-shurlj mhluijkts sulc gs Jgr`y Earm, ]jrrhrasi Mga`y Zpmgtj, Egdcmgm Ihsquath, Egsrg Eud`j,

gkm htcjrs.

Aktj`àdjklj lhiiukaty. Lhiegtgkt lhiigkms.

Gkg`yst rjbjrjkljs. Bhukmry prhdrgi.Khtj. Mgtg as glljssae`j tcrhudc iu`tap`j kjtwhrns th jksurj tcgt aktj` adjklj lhksuijrs cgvj g` rjquarjm akbhrigtahkkjljssgry bhr iassahk sulljss.

Aktjàkn-Z6

Aktjàkn-Z as tcj mjsadkgtjm kjtwhrn hb tcj Mjpgrtijkt hb Kgtahkg` Aktj`àdjklj (MKA) bhr aktj`àdjkljlh``gehrgtahk. ]cj Aktjàkn-Z as”

Igkgdjm ey tcj Aktjàkn Igkgdjijkt Hbbalj.

G fhakt-usj, rjihtj`y glljssjm, gkm hpjrgtahkg``y-aip`jijktjm akbhrigtahk sjrvalj tcgt as usjm thglljss gkm prhljss ukl`gssabajm, pueàl`y glljssae`j akbhrigtahk hk`y.

_rhvamjs g prhtjltjm jkvarhkijkt th jxlcgkdj gutchrazjm ukl`gssabajm, ukl`gssabajm bhr hbbalag` usjhk`y, gkm sjksatavj eut ukl`gssabajm akbhrigtahk gihkd pjrshkkj` hb tcj MHM.

Khtj. Glljss th Aktjàkn-Z sjrvaljs as aip`jijktjm tcrhudc iu`tap`j vartug` pravgtj kjtwhrns.

Fhakt Iaàtgry Aktj`àdjklj ]rgakakd Ljktjr6

Griajs hb tcj Thr`m

Grijm Bhrljs hb tcj Thr`mKhtj. Ujquarjs gllhukt `hd ak th glljss tcj pgdj.

Lhieakjm Gris Ujsjgrlc @aergry

Ljktjr bhr G riy @ jsshks @ jgrkjm (LG@@)

LG@@

Iaàtgry Hpjrgtahks ak Zre gk ]jrrgak (IHZ])

IHZ]

Iaàtgry \jrvalj Aktj`àdjklj Hrd gkazgtahks

Z.\. Griy Aktj`àdjklj gkm \jluratyLhiigkm (AK\LHI) Hbbalj hb Kgvg` Aktj`àdjklj

Gar Bhrlj Aktj` adjklj, \urvja``gklj, gkmUjlhkkgassgklj (A\U) Gdjkly Igrakj Lhrps Aktj`àdjklj Gltavaty

Zkabajm Lhiigkm Aktj`àdjklj Hrdgkazgtahks

Z.\. Ljktrg` Lhiigkm Z.\. Jurhpjgk Lhiigkm Z.\. _glabal Lhiigkm Z.\. \hutcjrk Lhiigkm Z.\. Gbralg Lhiigkm Z.\. Gar Bhrlj \pglj Lhiigkm

Z.\. \pjlag` Hpjrgtahks Lhiigkm Z.\. \trgtjdal Lhiigkm Z.\. ]rgksphrtgtahk Lhiigkm



D`hssgry t)

7? Fu`y 5?75 G]_ 5-55.1 D`hssgry-<

D`hssgry

\JL]AHK A “ GLUHKQI\ GKM GEEUJRAG]AHK\

5S cuigk aktj`àdjklj gkm lhuktjraktj`àdjklj stgbb j`jijkt

GMMKA/H\ gssastgkt mjputy th tcj Marjlthr hb Kgtahkg` Aktj`àdjklj bhr Hpjk-shurlj

GI gipàtumj ihmu`gtahk

GH grjg hb hpjrgtahks

GU Griy rjdu`gtahk

GU] Griy tgltalg` tgsns

G]_ Griy tjlckaqujs pueàlgtahk

G]]_ Griy tgltals, tjlckaqujs, gkm prhljmurjs

EL] eradgmj lhiegt tjgi

LLAU lhiigkmjr‑s lratalg` akbhrigtahk rjquarjijkt

LA lhuktjraktj`àdjklj

LAG Ljktrg` Aktj`àdjklj Gdjkly

LHG lhursj hb gltahk

LHKZ\ lhktakjktg` Zkatjm \tgtjs

LH]\ lhiijrlag`-hbb-tcj-scj`b

LUI lh``jltahk rjquarjijkts igkgdjijkt

MG Mjpgrtijkt hb tcj Griy

MG AA\ Mjpgrtijkt hb tcj Griy Aktj`àdjklj Akbhrigtahk \jrvalj

MHM Mjpgrtijkt hb Mjbjksj

MHMM Mjpgrtijkt hb Mjbjksj marjltavj

MHMA Mjpgrtijkt hb Mjbjksj akstrultahk

MH\L Mjbjksj Hpjk \hurlj Lhukla`

MRM madatg` vamjh mjvalj

JH jxjlutavj hrmjr

BEA Bjmjrg` Eurjgu hb Akvjstadgtahk

BEA\ Bhrjadk Erhgmlgst Akbhrigtahk \jrvalj

BBAU brajkm`y bhrlj akbhrigtahk rjquarjijkt

BI baj`m igkug`

BIA baj`m igkug` aktjrai

BUM Bjmjrg` Ujsjgrlc Mavasahk

D-5 gssastgkt lcajb hb stgbb, aktj`àdjklj

D-< gssastgkt lcajb hb stgbb, hpjrgtahks

D-2 gssastgkt lcajb hb stgbb, sadkg`



D`hssgry

D`hssgry-= G]_ 5-55.1 7? Fu`y 5?75

D-4 gssastgkt lcajb hb stgbb, akbhri gkm akbùjklj gltavatajs

D-1 gssastgkt lcajb hb stgbb, lava` gbbgars hpjrgtahks

DJHAK] djhspgtag` aktj`àdjklj

CR] cadc-vgùj tgrdjt

ALM aktj`àdjklj lhiiukaty marjltavj

AJM aiprhvasjm jxp`hsavj mjvalj

AAU aktj`àdjklj akbhrigtahk rjphrt

A@U Aktjrgdjkly @gkdugdj Uhukmtge`j

AK\LHI Zkatjm \tgtjs Griy Aktj`àdjklj gkm \jluraty Lhiigkm

AH akbhrigtahk hpjrgtahks

A_ Aktjrkjt prhthlh`

A_E aktj`àdjklj prjpgrgtahk hb tcj egtt`jbaj`m

A\_ Aktjrkjt sjrvalj prhvamjr

F_ fhakt pueàlgtahk

FTAL\ Fhakt Thr`mwamj Aktj`àdjklj Lhiiuklgtahks \ystji

IMI_ iaàtgry mjlasahkignakd prhljss

IJ]]-]L iassahk, tcrjgt, tjrrgak gkm wjgtcjr, trhhps gkm supphrt gvga`ge`j, taij

gvga`ge`j, gkm lava` lhksamjrgtahks (iassahk vgrage`js)

IB@] iglcakj bhrjadk `gkdugdj trgks`gtahk

ii ia`àijtjr

KA_UKJ] Khksjlurj Aktjrkjt _rhthlh` Uhutjr Kjtwhrn

KH\L Kgtahkg` Hpjk \hurlj Lhiiattjj

KH\J Kgtahkg` Hpjk \hurlj Jktjrprasj

K\G Kgtahkg` \jluraty Gdjkly

HMKA Hbbalj hb tcj Marjlthr hb Kgtahkg` Aktj`àdjklj

H_\JL hpjrgtahks sjluraty

H\L Hpjk \hurlj Ljktjr

H\LGU-I\ hpjk-shurlj lh``jltahk glquasatahk rjquarjijkt igkgdjijkt systji

H\AK] hpjk-shurlj aktj`àdjklj

_AU prahraty aktj`àdjklj rjquarjijkt

_IJ\AA-_] phàtalg`, iaàtgry, jlhkhial, shlag`, akbhrigtahk, akbrgstrulturj, pcysalg`

jkvarhkijkt, gkm taij (hpjrgtahkg` vgrage`js)

\-5 aktj`àdjklj stgbb hbbaljr

\-< hpjrgtahks stgbb hbbaljr

\-2 sadkg` stgbb hbbaljr

\-4 akbhri gkm akbùjklj gltavatajs stgbb hbbaljr

\-1 lava` gbbgars hpjrgtahks stgbb hbbaljr

\LA sjksatavj lhipgrtijktjm akbhrigtahk

\A_UKJ] \JLUJ] Aktjrkjt _rhthlh` Uhutjr Kjtwhrn

\H_ stgkmgrm hpjrgtakd prhljmurj

]L_/A_ trgksiassahk lhktrh` prhthlh`/Aktjrkjt prhthlh`



D`hssgry t)

7? Fu`y 5?75 G]_ 5-55.1 D`hssgry-:

]]_ tgltals, tjlckaqujs, gkm prhljmurjs

ZU@ ukabhri rjshurlj `hlgthr

Z.\. Zkatjm \tgtjs

Z\L Zkatjm \tgtjs Lhmj

TTT Thr`m Tamj Tje

\JL]AHK AA “ ]JUI\

jshtjral lhiiukalgtahks

_ueàl stgtjijkts wchsj surbglj ijgkakd (igkabjst lhktjkt) mhjs kht rjvjg` tcj rjg` purphsj, ijgkakd,

hr sadkabalgklj (`gtjkt lhktjkt) hb tcj gutchr.

ijmag shurlj gkg`ysas

]cj systjigtal lhipgrashk hb tcj lhktjkt, ejcgvahr, pgttjrks, gkm trjkms hb hrdgkal ijmag

hrdgkazgtahks gkm shurljs hb g lhuktry.

hpjk shurlj

Gky pjrshk hr drhup tcgt prhvamjs akbhrigtahk watchut tcj jxpjltgtahk hb pravgly ” tcj akbhrigtahk,tcj rj`gtahkscap, hr ehtc as kht prhtjltjm gdgakst pueàl masl`hsurj.

hpjk-shurlj aktj`àdjklj

]cj maslapàkj tcgt pjrtgaks th aktj`àdjklj prhmuljm brhi pueàl`y gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk tcgt as

lh``jltjm, jxp`hatjm, gkm massjiakgtjm ak g taij`y igkkjr th gk gpprhpragtj gumajklj bhr tcj purphsj hb

gmmrjssakd g spjlabal aktj`àdjklj rjquarjijkt. (BI 5-?)

pravgtj akbhrigtahk

Mgtg, bglts, akstrultahks, hr htcjr igtjrag` aktjkmjm bhr hr rjstraltjm th g pgrtalu`gr pjrshk, drhup, hr

hrdgkazgtahk.

pueàl`y gvga`ge`j akbhrigtahk

Mgtg, bglts, akstrultahks, hr htcjr igtjrag` pueàscjm hr erhgmlgst bhr djkjrg` pueàl lhksuiptahk>

gvga`ge`j hk rjqujst th g ijiejr hb tcj djkjrg` pueàl> `gwbu``y sjjk hr cjgrm ey gky lgsug` hesjrvjr>

hr igmj gvga`ge`j gt g ijjtakd hpjk th tcj djkjrg` pueàl.



7? Fu`y 5?75 G]_ 5-55.1 Ujbjrjkljs-7

Ujbjrjkljs

UJWZAUJM _ZE@ALG]AHK\]cjsj mhluijkts iust ej gvga`ge`j th tcj aktjkmjm usjr hb tcas pueàlgtahk.

BI 7-?5. Hpjrgtahkg` ]jris gkm Drgpcals. 57 \jptjiejr 5??=.

UJ@G]JM _ZE@ALG]AHK\]cjsj shurljs lhktgak rj`jvgkt supp`jijktg` akbhrigtahk.

GU 77-2. Griy Bhrjadk @gkdugdj _rhdrgi. <7 Gudust 5??1.

GU 5:-=??-5. ]cj Griy Ujlhrms Akbhrigtahk Igkgdjijkt \ystji (GUAI\). 5 Hlthejr 5??4.

GU 54-2?. Aktj``jltug` _rhpjrty. 7 Fukj 711<.

GU 71?-7<. ]cj Griy _cysalg` \jluraty _rhdrgi. 5: Bjerugry 5?77.

GU <3?-:. Mjpgrtijkt hb tcj Griy Akbhrigtahk \jluraty _rhdrgi. 51 \jptjiejr 5???.GU <3?-24. Mjpgrtijkt hb tcj Griy _jrshkkj` \jluraty _rhdrgi. 1 \jptjiejr 7133.

GU <37-7?. Z.\. Griy Aktj`àdjklj Gltavatajs. < Igy 5??4.

GU :<?-7. Hpjrgtahks \jluraty (H_\JL). 71 Gpra` 5??4.

G]]_ 5-17.2. ]gltals, ]jlckaqujs, gkm _rhljmurjs bhr Aktj`àdjklj \upphrt th \atj Jxp`hatgtahk.

54 Mjljiejr 5?7?.

Lgrkjdaj Ij``hk \hbtwgrj Jkdakjjrakd Akstatutj.

Lcgtcgi Chusj.

Mjpgrtijkt hb tcj Griy Aktj`àdjklj Akbhrigtahk \jrvaljs.

MHM :5=?.7-U. MhM Aktj`àdjklj Gltavatajs. 7 Mjljiejr 7135.

MHMM :7??.5?. Kgtahkg` \jluraty Gdjkly/Ljktrg` \jluraty \jrvalj (K\G/L\\). 52 Fgkugry 5?7?.

MHMM <77:.75. Hpjk \hurlj Aktj`àdjklj (H\AK]). 5= Gudust 5?7?.

JH 75<<<. Zkatjm \tgtjs Aktj`àdjklj Gltavatajs. = Mjljiejr 7137.

BI 5-?7.<. Aktj`àdjklj _rjpgrgtahk hb tcj Egtt`jbaj`m/Egtt`jspglj. 7: Hlthejr 5??1.

BI 5-71.=. Eradgmj Lhiegt ]jgi Aktj`àdjklj Hpjrgtahks. 5: Khvjiejr 5??3.

BI 5-55.5. Lhuktjraktj`àdjklj. 57 Hlthejr 5?7?.

BI 5-55.<. Cuigk Aktj`àdjklj Lh``jlthr Hpjrgtahks. 2 \jptjiejr 5??2.

BI <-5=. Lhuktjraksurdjkly. 7: Mjljiejr 5??2.

BI <-::. Akbhrigtahk Lh``jltahk. 7= Mjljiejr 5?77.

BI <-2?. ]cj ]grdjtakd _rhljss. 52 Khvjiejr 5?7?.

BI <-1?.771. Lhieakjm Gris Aiprhvasjm Jxp`hsavj Mjvalj Mjbjgt Hpjrgtahks. 57 \jptjiejr 5??4.

BI :-?. ]cj Hpjrgtahks _rhljss. 52 Igrlc 5?7?.BI 2-?. Iassahk Lhiigkm. 7< \jptjiejr 5?77.

BI 4-?. ]rgakakd Zkats gkm Mjvj`hpakd @jgmjrs bhr Bu`` \pjltrui Hpjrgtahks. 5< Bjerugry 5?77.

BI 4-7:. ]cj Griy Zkavjrsg` ]gsn @ast. 54 Bjerugry 5??1.

F_ 7-?5. Mjpgrtijkt hb Mjbjksj Maltahkgry hb Gsshlagtjm ]jris. 3 Khvjiejr 5?7?.

F_ 5-?. Fhakt Aktj`àdjklj. 55 Fukj 5??4.

F_ 5-?7. Fhakt gkm Kgtahkg` Aktj`àdjklj \upphrt th Iaàtgry Hpjrgtahks. 4 Hlthejr 5??=.

F_ <-?. Fhakt Hpjrgtahks. 74 \jptjiejr 5??2.



Ujbjrjkljs

Ujbjrjkljs-5 G]_ 5-55.1 7? Fu`y 5?75

F_ <-<:. Mjp`hyijkt gkm Ujmjp`hyijkt Hpjrgtahks. 4 Igy 5??4.

F_ <-:1. Ijtjhrh`hdalg` gkm Hljgkal Hpjrgtahks. 5= \jptjiejr 5??3.

F_ <-2?. Fhakt ]grdjtakd . 7< Gpra` 5??4.

F_ =-?. Fhakt @hdastals. 73 Fu`y 5??3.

F_ :-?. Mhltrakj bhr _`gkkakd Fhakt Hpjrgtahks. 5? Fgkugry 5??:.

@gkalla, Fhck I. ‐Aktjdrgtakd Tjgtcjr Jxp`hatgtahk akth Gar gkm \pglj _hwjr Mhltrakj.’ Gar _hwjr75, Kh. 5. \uiijr 71136 :5-2<.

@aergry hb Lhkdrjss, Bjmjrg` Ujsjgrlc Mavasahk.

Hpjk \hurlj Ljktjr.

]L 5-55.=. ]jlckalg` Aktj`àdjklj. 71 Khvjiejr 5??1.

]L 5-<<.=. Aktj`àdjklj Gkg`ysas. 7 Fu`y 5??1.

]L 5-17.3. Mhluijkt gkm Ijmag Jxp`hatgtahk. 2 Gudust 5?7?.

Z.\. Lhiputjr \jluraty Ujgmakjss ]jgi.

]at`j 74 Z\L. Lhpyradcts.

]at`j 73 Z\L. Lraijs gkm Lraiakg` _rhljmurj.

_UJ\LUAEJM BHUI\ Khkj.

UJBJUJKLJM BHUI\MG Bhri 5?53. Ujlhiijkmjm Lcgkdjs th _ueàlgtahks gkm E`gkn Bhris.



7? Fu`y 5?75 ]L 5-55.35 Akmjx-7

Akmjx

Jktrajs grj ey pgrgdrgpc kuiejr.

G

gkg`ysas, 7-5aktj`àdjklj, 5-55Aktjrkjt, 5-71ijmag, =-5?iassahk, 7-72, <-2pueàl mhluijkts, 5-7=rjquarjijkts bhr, 5-45

L

Lcgtcgi Chusj Uu`j. \jj pueàl spjgnakd bhruis.

lh``jltahk, 7-<, 7-4, <-5gkm gkg`ysas, 7-5lhkbamjktag` shurljs, <-4mhluijkt, 5-7=bhrjadk ijmag ihkathrakd,

5-:4akbhrigtahk, 7-75àkduast rjquarjijkts, 5-=1iglcakj bhrjadk `gkdugdj

trgks`gtahk systjis, 5-::hpjk shurljs, <-4tjlckaquj, <-3Z.\. pjrshk akbhrigtahk,

5-=?

lyejrspglj

lyejr satugtahkg`gwgrjkjss, E-2

mjbakjm, E-:

M

mgtgegsjs, <-75, L-52hpjrgtahkg` akbhrigtahk,

5-5<tjlckalg` akbhrigtahk, 5-5<

massjiakgtahklhksamjrgtahks, =-=1madatazgtahk, =-7:duamjàkjs, =-=5ijmag, =-<<

ijtchms, =-=<stgkmgrms, =-71Z.\. pjrshk akbhrigtahk,

G-71

A

akbhrigtahklh``jltahk, 7-75jvgùgtj, =-5

hpjrgtahks sjluraty, 5-=7pueàl`y gvga`ge`j, 7-5, 7-4,

<-7, =-5rjàgeaàty gkm lrjmaeaàty, =-1rjphrt gkm massjiakgtj,

=-<1

aktj`àdjklj prhmults, =-7

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L-<5

hpjrgtahks sjluratyvu`kjrgeaàtajs, L-<:

pueàl`y gvga`ge`jakbhrigtahk, L-75

sjgrlc jkdakjs, L-=sjgrlc, L-7:truklgtj tcj ukabhri

rjshurlj `hlgthr, L-5<Tje satj mhigaks, L-5:Tje satjs, 5-71, <-5<Thr`m Tamj Tje, L-5

@

`jdg` rjstraltahks GU 54-2?, 5-=3 GU <37-7?, G-4lhpyradct, 5-=2Jxjlutavj Hrmjr 75<<<, G-7bgar usj, 5-=4aktj``jltug` prhpjrty, 5-=2Aktj`àdjklj Lhiiukaty

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H

hpjk shurlj, 7-7

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jxp`hsavj mjvalj mjbjgthpjrgtahks, M-7

lhktraeutahks th aktj`àdjkljprjpgrgtahk hb tcjegtt`jbaj`m, 7-73

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hpjrgtahks, M-7lhhrmakgtahk, 5-==mjljptahk gkm eags, 5-=:mjbakjm, 7-7jxp`hatgtahk, 5-77, 5-57pjrshkkj`, 5-22p`gkkakd, 5-7pravgtj akbhrigtahk, <-2pueàl`y gvga`ge`j

akbhrigtahk, <-2

H\AK] hrdgkazgtahks Gsagk \tumajs Mjtglcijkt,

5-53, J-7<

Gssastgkt Mjputy Marjlthr hbKgtahkg` Aktj`àdjklj bhrHpjk \hurlj, G-5:

Mjbjksj Hpjk \hurljLhukla`, J-7

Mjpgrtijkt hb tcj GriyAktj`àdjklj Akbhrigtahk\jrvalj, J-=



Akmjx

Jktrajs grj ey pgrgdrgpc kuiejr.

Akmjx-5 G]_ 5-55.1 7? Fu`y 5?75

Marjlthr hb KgtahkgÀktj`àdjklj Hpjk \hurljLjktjr, G-53, J-3

Bjmjrg` Eurjgu hbAkvjstadgtahk, J-72

Bjmjrg` Ujsjgrlc Mavasahk,@aergry hb Lhkdrjss, J-5?

Z.\. Griy Aktj`àdjklj gkm\jluraty Lhiigkm, J-5

Kgtahkg` Hpjk-\hurljLhiiattjj, G-54

Hpjk \hurlj Glgmjiy,J-75

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pueàl erhgmlgsts, 5-74, <-57

pueàl mhluijkts, 5-7=, <-5?

pueàl spjgnakd bhruis, 5-77,<-73Lcgtcgi Chusj Uu`j, <-73

U rjquarjijkt

lhiigkmjr's lratalagàkbhrigtahk, 7-7<, <-5

brajkm`y bhrlj akbhrigtahk,7-7<, <-5

prahraty aktj`àdjklj, 7-7<,<-5

aktj`àdjklj, <-:

prahraty aktj`àdjklj, <-5

rjsjgrlc, <-77baj`m rjsjgrlc, <-7<hpjk-shurlj, <-7p`gk, <-72prgltalg`, <-7<qujstahk, <-7:

\

sjluraty mhigaks, =-==Fhakt Thr`mwamj Aktj`àdjklj

Lhiiukalgtahks \ystji,=-=2

Khksjlurj Aktjrkjt _rhthlh`

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\JLUJ] Aktjrkjt _rhthlhÙhutjr Kjtwhrn, =-=4

shurljsgkg`ysas hb tcj ijmag, =-5?gutchratgtavj, =-7?lhkbamjktag`, <-4

lrjmaeaàty rgtakds, 5-<1khkgutchratgtavj, =-77hpjk, 7-7, <-4praigry, 5-<:rjàgeaàty rgtakds, 5-<3sjlhkmgry, 5-<4

]

tcrjgtlhursjs hb gltahk, 5-3jvgùgtj, 5-4

Z

Z.\. pjrshk akbhrigtahklh``jltahk hb 5-=?, G-3

massjiakgtahk hb, G-71rjtjktahk hb, G-7=



G]_ 5-55.1 7? Fu`y 5?75

Ey hrmjr hb tcj \jlrjtgry hb tcj Griy6

UGQIHKM ]. HMAJUKHDjkjrg`, Zkatjm \tgtjs Griy

Lcajb hb \tgbb

Hbbalag`6

FHQLJ J. IHUUHT Gmiakastrgtavj Gssastgkt th tcj

\jlrjtgry hb tcj Griy

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Zk`aiatjm Mastraeutahk> Kht th ej mastraeutjm> j`jltrhkal ijmag hk`y.

atp 2-22-9 open source intelligence (2012)

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