atoms and matters a small thing to big

7/30/2019 Atoms and Matters a Small Thing to Big

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Atoms and MattersA Small Thing to BigBy Jiho Park


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Table of contentsp.1coverRandom Picture Galleryp.2 Table of contents

p.3 Introduction to Atoms and Matters

p.4 Chapter 1-What is an atom?

p.10Chapter 2-Timeline of Atoms N' People

p.25Chapter 3-Periodic Table of Elements

p.34-Chapter 4- how does matters react (most)

p.52 -Chapter 5- usage of an atom (MOST info)

p.59 -Chapter 6 Non-atoms (Sub atoms)

p.66 Bye!

p.67Evaluation Link Google Forms
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Do you think something shaped like an

egg that has a lot of properties when

somebody says Matters or Atoms? I

better hope not. (Because if you know that,

theres absolutely no purpose on readings this

amazing thing.) But, do you know (probably)

sports, Earth, Galaxy, and etc.? Well, I hopeso. They are made out of atoms if you zoom

in! You need to be very thankful for the atoms

because that even you are made out of

atoms!

Introduction to Atoms and Matters, a

Small Thing to Bigger Properties.


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-Chapter 1- What is an Atom?

You mightve heard the word Atom before. What is it? Well, scientifically,

an atom is the building block of the world. Atoms have different properties basedon its number of protons, electrons and neutrons. A single inch (1.25cm) can

have billions of atoms packed in there! The air you breathe are made out of

atoms. Get how small an atom is?

Do you think that

you see a red dot in

the picture? Atoms

are

100000000000000000th

of that!


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Thats why scientists went crazy when atom was first found with the

microscope. They didnt believe at the first shot.

A sort of a guy who found out

atoms

WHAT

the!!!

That's

MAGIC!


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For thousands of years, some

people believed the existence ofan atom. But back then, the

crazy theory of the world is

made out of water, fire, soil,

and air ruled most of thescientific mind there was.

But, when they finally believed the existence of atoms, it

proved so many things. The creation of the universe (Big-Bang) property changes, weird movements and to new

theories and facts that people simply couldnt understand!


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^| |

^

Property changes are a bit

different. It was one of the

problems that atoms solved.

Usually, they are helpful.

They even make water, salt

etc. This is where things

get weird.


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One of the ways an atoms property changes is by

emitting particles. This is what we call radioactive. Forexample, uranium-38 is a radioactive particle. It changes

until it becomes plain lead. But, during that process, it

emits harmful rays. These rays might cause cancer.


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So atoms make

up the world andthe same time,

rules it!


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-Chapter 2- Timeline of Atoms N People

Information fromabout.com

TOP FOURTEEN MOST FAMOUS SCIENTISTS
http://www.about.com/


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1. Kelluke A.

(1829-1896)

- Found 4 valent carbon

and structure of benzenering. First to think that

atoms have different

properties. He is called the

Father of Aromatic

Chemistry.


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2. Alfred Nobel. (1833-1896)

- Invented dynamite, smokeless

powder and blasting gelatin.

Established international awards

called the Nobel Prize. Givesprizes to the best on Chemistry,

Physics and Medicine. (The

Peace and Economics prizes

were added later. The Bank of

Sweden pays for it.)


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3. Dmitri

Mendeleev,

(1834-1907)

- Created the

Periodic Table of

Elements.


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4. Hyatt J.W. (1837-1907)

- Invented artificial plastic


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5. Gibbs W. Josiah (1837-1903)

- Stated 3 principle laws of

thermodynamics. Described the nature

of entropy and established a relation

between chemical, electric, and

thermal energy.


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6. James Joule

(1843)

- Experimentally

demonstrated that

heat is a form of

energy.


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7. Boltzmann L.

(1844-1906)

- Developed kinetic

theory of gases


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8. Roentgen W.K.(1845-1943)

- Discovered x-ray

(1895) And forthat, got Nobel

Prize.


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9. Lord Kevin (1838)

- Described the absolute

0.


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10.

Becquerel H(1850-1936)

- Discovered

radioactivity of

uranium in 1896,

deflection of

electrons bymagnetic fields and

gamma rays.


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11. Sir J.J. Thomas

(1856-1940)

- Researched on

cathode rays.

Proved existence

of electrons.

(1896) (Cathode

ray invented by J.Plucker.


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12. Marie, Curie.

(1867-1934)

- With Pierre

Curie, discoveredisolated radium and

polonium. In 1898,

studied radioactive

Uranium.


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13. Sir Ernest, Rutherford. (1871-1937)

- Discovered that uranium radiation iscomposed of positively charged alpha

particles and negatively charged Beta

particles. (1899-1937) first to proveradioactive decay of heavy elements.

Performed a transmutation reaction. (1992)

Discovered half-decay of radioactive

elements. Established that the nucleus wassmall, dense and positive. Assumed that

electrons were outside the nucleus.


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14. Sir

AlexanderFlemings.

(1881-1955

)

-

Discovered

theantibiotic

penicillin.


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-Chapter 3- Periodic Table of Elements

.


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The periodic table of elements shows most

of the elements existing in the universe.


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As the numbersreach higher, the

more it gets

unstable and

doesnt occur

naturally. It needs

to be created in a

lab.


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Oh, and a single interesting

thing is that most stuff here

(atoms) get created by huge

explosions such as big-bang,

the death of a star, and muchmore. These explosions trigger

atomic masses all mixing up

and presto! You get a brand

new atom!


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In the periodic table of elements, one column is a single shell.

(Layers of atom that has electrons.) And a single shell can holdup to certain amount of electrons. So, as you go further to the

right, the outermost shell gets filled up.


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Also, the periodic table

of elements tells you

which atom bonds with

another to make a

compound.


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You know

this bylooking

how many

more

electrons

would it

need to get

filled up.(Less if

necessary.)


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One atom couldtake electron from

another atom. It

also shows you its

atomic mass andthe most common

isotopes or the

group that itbelongs to.


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The atomic mass is calculated in nanograms. Its one

trillionth of a gram. (More in more chapters.)

hapter 4- how does matters react (most)


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hapter 4- how does matters react (most)ms like to react. Actually, they love to react. Actually, if the atoms

t react, you wouldnt be reading this super amazing book because

this book and everything else would be just microscopic particlesting around.


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Atoms react in one of a major category. Mix in, divide or give out energy.


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They do become harmful like acids. Acids occur when there are a lot of

atoms needing more electrons. They take away particles from othersubstances that are touching the acid. They are frantic so they happen

quickly and dissolve almost everything.


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Bases however, have electrons to spare. So they literally knock

them out by bunch!


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So if acids and

bases meet, theyare all happy and

they become

neutral. Or PH 7.Water is ph7. It is a

very stable

substance now and

it doesnt want toreact anymore.


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In the lab, you use litmus

papers which react withacids and bases and turn

red if corresponded with

acids and if correspondedwith bases, turns blue.

You then compare the

color to the ph scale and

the matching color is yourph value.


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Atoms join together.But how? By ionic

and chemical bonds.


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Ionic bond is a type of bond that

where atoms with different chargesattract each other. How? There are

many ways that happens but one of

the ways is that an atom (chlorine-

17th on the periodic table ofelements.) is with another atom

(sodium- 11th on the periodic table of

elements.). Now, lets say that one ofthe atoms has one electron to spare

and one of them needs one more.

So that atom will rob the


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So that atom will rob the

electron from another atom

and they would have differentcharges. Now, they attract

each other and they become

a single substance (Sodium

Chlorine or table salt. Neverever eat the chemicals that

got bonded. They are

poisonous! But, you may eatthe compound but normally.

Never eat more than 1 pound.)


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Chemical bonds

are little bitdifferent. In

chemical bonds,

the charge doesnt

matter. Whatactually matters is

that atoms tend to

join together ifthey need more

electrons.


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They join together and make a

substance. For example, Periodic

table of elements number 8-oxygen atom tends to need just

two more electrons. At the same

time, hydrogen atoms tend toneed 1 more electron. So if 2

hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen

atom bonds together, everybody

is happy and they become a verystable element called water.

(H2O)


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Sometimes, atoms

just give electronsaway-for free! Like,

if you cant bond,

the best idea would

be to just givesome away to be

happy. (They are

happy because theygot all their shells

full.)


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As you

know,depending on

how much

electrons,protons, and

neutrons

decides the

property ofan atom.


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So, when atoms

bond, the numberschange and as a

chain result, the

property changes.

Its a thing thatmajorly affects us.

Without the

property changes,we wouldnt be

here.

Giving out electrons sometimes trigger an energy expansion That we


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Giving out electrons sometimes trigger an energy expansion. That, we

call is radioactive.


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Radioactive particles dont

seem to just give out protons,electrons and neutrons.


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They are known to

give away rays such asgamma rays, beta

raysetc. These rays

tend to destroy yoursystems. Because they

affect DNA genetics,

sometimes causes

cancer, mutation ordeath of the cell.

Th l ft b hi d i ht t i b t t h t t th


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Really, seriously. DONT GO NEAR IT!!!

The energy left behind might trigger more substances to shoot out the same

things and do the same things. So, never, ever go near places that has the

radioactive sign.

-Chapter 5- usage of an atom (MOST info)


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Chapter 5 usage of an atom (MOST info)

Atoms. You need atoms. Air you breathe are made out of atoms.Your house is made out of atoms. Your body is atoms. Your food

are atoms. Earth is atoms. Universe is atoms. So, you cant live

without atoms.

Atoms rule the world because the world


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are atoms. So, the big question is How

do atoms create us if they are like lead?

Well, your body is a chemical compounds. Not the pure form. Like your food


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y y p p y

that gets converted into energies and other compounds that your cell uses.

The fatty acids are just a compound of Nitrogen, hydrogen, carbonetc.Most of your foods are made out of these.

Your body breaks them to make glucose.

Gl f h f l b d


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Glucose is one of the fuels your body uses

for energy. Your bodys 70% is made out

of H2O or water. O2 is vital for you andmakes up some part of your body. Your

body emits CO2 or carbon dioxide. And

much more!


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Scientists use carbon dating (a process that uses radioactive isotope of

carbon) every day. Its a radioactive isotope (A same element with samenumber of electron but, has different amounts of other stuff and has

different properties) has a half decay of 5200 million years.

So if


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So, if

scientists

measure howmuch there

should have

been when itwas alive and

how much

there is now,

you cancalculate how

old it is.


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Some atoms create

energy. Humansuse them for

electricity, heat and

light. Also, fuel too.

So the worldwithout atoms

would be horrible.

Nothing! Nothing at

all! So be fond of

atoms!

-Chapter 6 Non-atoms (Sub atoms)


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Chapter 6 Non atoms (Sub atoms)

Did you

know

that

someatoms

are not

atomsbut needs

atoms?


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Well, energy,

light, andtime are one

of them. You

cant see,

hear, taste or

smell time,

you sense it.

You sense itwith atoms.


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Atoms change

during time. If

there were no

atoms, there

would be no

time becausetime is nothing

except for the

things that

changes with

it.


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Energies are one of the things that are not atoms. But they are subatoms. Sub atoms are sometimes parts of an atom. Like energy.

Energy is usually made


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Ene gy is usually made

out of electrons. Like

electricity. Electricity isjust a flow of bunch of

electrons. The flow is

what causes the energy.

They are usually pulses

or waves sort of

working like sound

waves. (Hey, soundwaves are also sub

atoms!)

They pulse on a certain velocity, vibrationand more. They are what triggers our

senses (Like your eyes transmits the flow


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senses. (Like your eyes transmits the flow

of light and it turns into a signal and that

signal goes to your brain and your brainconverts that signal into a digital signal.)


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Energies come in

different

properties. So

its our job tosort, harness,

change and use

them properly.


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Those were all the major things

about atoms and matters. I

couldnt put all the information

in because itll be too much.

Bye!

Review


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