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AtomsandElements

Everythingaroundyouismatter.Matterisanythingthathasmassandvolume.Massistheamountofmatterinasubstance.Volumeistheamountofspacethesubstanceoccupies.

AtomsandElements

Whichofthesearematter?Why?

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Atomsarethebasicbuildingblocksofmostmatteraroundyou.Therearedifferentkindsofatoms,buteachkindofatomisanelement.Anelementisoneofthebasicsubstancesthatcombinetoformallothersubstances.Elementsarepuresubstances .Theyhavethesamechemicalcompositionallthewaythrough,andcannotbebrokendownintosimplersubstancesbyordinarychemicalmethods.

AtomsandElements

Scientistshavediscoveredabout118elements.About90oftheseelementsarefoundinnature,suchasCarbon,Oxygen,Gold,Silver,orIron.Theremainingelementsaresynthetic(madebyhumansinthelab),suchasTechnetium,Lawrencium,Curium,andPlutonium.

AtomsandElements

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Anatomisthesmallestparticleofanelementthathasallthepropertiesofthatelement.Eachelementismadeupofatomsthataredifferentfromthoseofeveryotherelement,butallatomshaveanucleus,whereyoufindprotonsandneutrons ,andhaveelectrons.

AtomsandtheirParts

Thenucleus,orcenter,oftheatomismadeupoftwokindsofparticles:protonsandneutrons.

Protonshaveapositivechargeandneutronshavenocharge.

Bothprotonsandneutronshaveamassof1amu(atomicmassunit).

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Anelectroncarriesanegativechargeandhasalmostnomass.

Electronscanbefoundorbitingthenucleusofanatominanareacalledtheelectroncloud.

ElectronsIntheelectroncloud,electronsmoveinareascalledenergylevels.Electronswithsimilaramountsofenergyarefoundinthesameenergylevel.Electronshavelessenergynearthenucleusandmoreenergyawayfromthenucleus.

EnergyLevel

MaximumNumberofElectrons

1 2

2 8

3 18

4 32

Electronscanabsorborreleaseenergyaslight,heat,orothertypesofenergy.

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Foranatomtohaveanoverallneutralelectriccharge,thenumberof(negative)electronshastoequalthenumberof(positive)protons.Ifthenumbersaren'tequal,theatomdoeshaveacharge,andiscalledanion.

Theproperties(characteristics)ofanelementdependonthestructureofitsatoms.Themaindifferencebetweendifferentelementsisitsatomicnumberthenumberofprotonsinitsnucleus.Notwoelementshavethesameatomicnumber.

ElementsandSubatomicParticles

ElementsandSubatomicParticlesEventhoughatomsaresmall,theydohavemass.Theatomicmassofanatomisthesumofthenumberofprotonsandthenumberofneutrons.(Electronshavesolittlemass,theydon'tcountintheatomicmass.)

Element Protons Neutrons Electrons AtomicMass

Carbon(C) 6 6 6 12amu

Oxygen(O) 8 8 8 16amu

Sodium(Na) 11 12 11 23amu

Potassium(K) 19 20 19 39amu

Iron(Fe) 26 30 26 56amu

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{

Label the diagram of the atomLabel the diagram of the atom

ProtonsProtons ElectronsElectronsNucleusNucleus NeutronsNeutrons

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InthecenterofMatterville,thereisaplacecalledtheNucleusArcade,wheretwomembersoftheAtomsFamilyliketohangout.PerkyPattyProton,likehersisters,isquitelargewithahugesmileandeyesthatsparkle(+).Pattyisalwayshappyandhasaverypositivepersonality.NerdyNeldaNeutronislargelikePatty,butshehasaboring,flatmouthandeyeswithzeroexpression(o).Herfamilyisveryapatheticandneutralabouteverything.Patty,Nelda,andtheirsistersspendalltheirtimeatthearcade.

TheAtomsFamilyStory

AroundtheNucleusArcade,youwillfindaseriesofroadwaysthatareusedbyanothermemberoftheAtomsFamily,EnragedElliottElectron.ElliottracesmadlyaroundtheArcadeonhisbrightredchromeplatedHarleyDavidson.Heridessofastthatnoonecanbesurewhereheisatanytime.ElliottismuchsmallerthanPattyandNeldaandheisalwaysangrybecausethesebiggerrelativeswillnotlethimintheArcade.Hehasafrownonhisface,eyesthataresquintedwithanger,andaverynegative()attitude.

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ThefirstenergystreetcanonlyholdonlytwoElectronbrothers.Thesecondenergystreet,calledtheEnergyFreeway,canhold8brothers.Thethirdenergystreet,calledtheEnergySuperhighway,canhold18ofthebrothers.

ThemoraleofMattervilleisstableaslongaseachnegativeElectronbrotherisbalancedoutbyonepositiveProtonsister.ThenumberofresidentsinMattervilledependsontheProtonandNeutronfamilies.

Challenge:WhatwouldhappentothemoraleofMattervilleifoneElliottElectronwaskidnapped?

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Challenge2:WhatwouldhappentothemoraleofMattervilleifoneElliottElectronmovedtoMatterville?

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