atomic theory steven petrella chris mitchell andrew waldron stephen caffery

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Atomic Theory Steven Petrella Chris Mitchell Andrew Waldron Stephen Caffery

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Page 1: Atomic Theory Steven Petrella Chris Mitchell Andrew Waldron Stephen Caffery

Atomic Theory

Steven PetrellaChris Mitchell

Andrew WaldronStephen Caffery

Page 2: Atomic Theory Steven Petrella Chris Mitchell Andrew Waldron Stephen Caffery

Prevailing Views of Atoms

Page 3: Atomic Theory Steven Petrella Chris Mitchell Andrew Waldron Stephen Caffery

Democritus

-The first person to start developing an idea of atoms came around 460 B.C.-The Greek philosopher Democritus started wondering into how many pieces you could break into matter-He used the word atomos which means “uncuttable” in Greek.

Page 4: Atomic Theory Steven Petrella Chris Mitchell Andrew Waldron Stephen Caffery

Why didn’t people start accepting this new idea?

• Aristotle dismissed the atom idea so people followed Aristotle’s thought and did not explore it more.

• People could obviously not see atom so that led to doubts.

• Democritus’s view of an atom was more philosophical and he did not have physical evidence.

Page 5: Atomic Theory Steven Petrella Chris Mitchell Andrew Waldron Stephen Caffery

Other Views of Atoms

• Paul of Taranto in the 13th century developed the idea of corpuscularianism which said everything possessed an inner and outer layer of minute particles.

• Corpuscularianism became the dominant thought of the time

• In 1661 Robert Boyle brought up again that matter was composed of a combination of different atoms instead of the classical elements of air, fire, earth, and water

Page 6: Atomic Theory Steven Petrella Chris Mitchell Andrew Waldron Stephen Caffery

Discovery of Atom

Page 7: Atomic Theory Steven Petrella Chris Mitchell Andrew Waldron Stephen Caffery

Lavoisier & Dalton

• Antoine Lavoisier (1789)– Discovered Law of conservation of mass– Defined an element as something that cannot be

broken down any further using chemistry• John Dalton (1805)– Proposed that each element consists of atoms

joined together to form a chemical compound– Original theorist of modern atomic theory

Page 8: Atomic Theory Steven Petrella Chris Mitchell Andrew Waldron Stephen Caffery

More on Dalton

• Dalton did not give a size for the atoms, but everyone just assumed small

• In 1805, published a paper presenting his list of relative atomic weights

Page 9: Atomic Theory Steven Petrella Chris Mitchell Andrew Waldron Stephen Caffery

Dalton’s atomic theory

• Elements can be distinguished by their respective relative atomic weights

• All elements’ atoms are identical• Atoms can combine together to form new

compounds and will always have the same relative number of atoms

• Atoms cannot be created or destroyed• All elements are made up of atoms

Page 10: Atomic Theory Steven Petrella Chris Mitchell Andrew Waldron Stephen Caffery

Impacts on Society and Science

Page 11: Atomic Theory Steven Petrella Chris Mitchell Andrew Waldron Stephen Caffery

Results of finding atoms

• Scientists now began looking even smaller inside atoms

• Plum Pudding Model– J.J. Thomson in 1897 discovered the electron– He stated that every atom had an electron and

changed the belief of the atom– He created the plum pudding model that electrons

rotate in rings inside of the atom.

Page 12: Atomic Theory Steven Petrella Chris Mitchell Andrew Waldron Stephen Caffery

New ways to organize matter

• The discovery of the atom led to improved ways to organize matter

• Periodic Table– Gave us a way to classify and sort elements by size, mass,

and atomic number.– Has a pattern for electronegativity, polarity, ionization

energy.– Allows the basis for modern chemistry and the

understanding of how elements combine to make things we use in our everyday lives.

Page 13: Atomic Theory Steven Petrella Chris Mitchell Andrew Waldron Stephen Caffery

More modern uses of atoms

• Particle Acceleration

• Atom splitting

Page 14: Atomic Theory Steven Petrella Chris Mitchell Andrew Waldron Stephen Caffery

Particle Acceleration

• Used to create antimatter which is fundamental in studying the origins of the Universe. Expected to answer some fundamental questions of physics and allow humans to further understand laws of nature.

• Product of particle acceleration is the collision of atoms.• Apparatus used to create atom collisions is called the Large

Hadron Collider, or LHC, which was invented by scientists near Geneva, Switzerland.

Page 15: Atomic Theory Steven Petrella Chris Mitchell Andrew Waldron Stephen Caffery

Atom Splitting

• A.k.a Nuclear Fission• Can be used to create nuclear power which can be

used for things like power or bombs utilized by militaries around the world.

Page 16: Atomic Theory Steven Petrella Chris Mitchell Andrew Waldron Stephen Caffery

Works cited

• www.wikipedia.org