atomic theories
DESCRIPTION
Atomic Theories. D id D an j ust r ealize b eryllium’s m etal?. What did the element say when he got into a fight? Let me atom. Democritus. Greek philosopher the originator of a theory on atoms He said atoms are the smallest indivisible bodies from which everything else is composed. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Atomic Theories
Did Dan just realize beryllium’s metal?
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What did the element say when he got into a fight?
Let me atom
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Democritus• Greek philosopher• the originator of a theory on
atoms• He said atoms are the smallest
indivisible bodies from which everything else is composed
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Dalton• Developed the first useful atomic
theory
• His theory was comprised of 4 postulates
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The postulates
1. All matter consists of tiny particles called atoms
2. Atoms are neither created nor destroyed (based on???)
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The postulates (cont.)3. All atoms of a given element
are identical and different from any other element
4. A given compound always has the same relative numbers and kinds of atoms
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J.J. Thomson• Discovered that the atom has a
substructure using a cathode ray
• Discovered a negatively charged particle and named it the electron
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Cont.
• Couldn’t calculate the mass of an electron but figured out the ratio of its charge to its mass
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T-money cont. • His model is called the mint choc.
chip model because
• The atom was electrons surrounded by a soup of positive charge to balance the electron's negative charge, like chips surrounded by mint ice cream.
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Ernest Rutherford• Performed the gold foil experiment
to discover the positively charged nucleus
• He shot a beam of alpha particles at a piece of gold foil, while most went through, there were some that got scattered in every direction
• Pg. 104
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Are you Bohr’d yet?
• Niels Bohr’s model depicts the atom as a small, positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons that travel in circular orbits around the nucleus
• Improvement on Rutherford's model
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Modern Atomic Theory• Nucleus lies in the center of the
atom• Electrons do not orbit in well-
defined paths, rather they can be predicted in an area called an electron cloud
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Something to break the monotony
•When they broke open molecules, they found they were only stuffed with atoms. But when they broke open atoms, they found them stuffed with explosions.
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Subatomic Particles
Proton-
Neutron-
ELECTRON-
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Proton
• positive
• found in the nucleus
• has the mass of 1 amu
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Joke 1• A Hydrogen atom runs up to two other
atoms yelling and waving his arms. "Help! A mugger just stole my electron!" One of the other atoms looks him over and asks, "Are you sure?" The first replies: "I'm positive!"
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Neutron
• Neutral
• found in the nucleus
• has the mass of 1 amu
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Joke 2
• A neutron walks into a bar and orders a drink. When he attempts to pay, the bartender looks at him and says, "For you, no charge."
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ELECTRON
• Negative
• found outside the nucleus
• its mass is so small comparably that it is considered negligible
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Joke 3
• SUBATOMIC PARTICLE STORE
The subatomic particle store had a sale last week.
Electrons: $0.10Protons: $0.10Neutrons : free of charge
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Atomic Number
•# of protons
•Atoms are neutral so the # of protons must equal ________
•The whole number found in the element box
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Atomic Mass
•Number of protons + number of neutrons
•Measured in AMUs (Atomic mass units)
•Where are the electrons?
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Isotopes•Atoms that have the same
number of protons but different number of neutrons
•Do isotopes have the same charge?
•Do isotopes have the same masses?
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Isotope notation
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Isotope Notation decoded
•"X" represents the atom's elemental symbol.
•"A“--The mass number, (located in the upper left-hand corner)
•"Z“-- The atomic number (found in the lower left-hand corner)
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Last joke
•Q: What did the thermometer say to the graduated cylinder?
•A: "You may have graduated but I've got many degrees"