atomic structure haitham n. alahmad. element -it is a chemical substance that cannot be broken down...
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Atomic Structure
Haitham N. Alahmad
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Element-It is a chemical substance that cannot be broken
down into simpler chemical form.
-There are 108 different chemical element in the nature e.g.hydrogen,carbon and oxygen.
-One element is entirely different from the other is due to the electronic configuration of their atoms
Haitham Alahmad 2
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Elements
Haitham Alahmad 3
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Compounds
-These are the result of two or more molecules linking together chemically e.g. water and salt
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Difference between an atom and a molecule
-Atom: smallest part of an element, which retains the chemical properties of the element.
-Molecule: smallest part of a compound, which retains the chemical properties of the matter.
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The structure of an atom(Niel Bohr`s theory of atom)
-An atom has 2 parts, at the center of the atom is the nucleus(which has positive charge+ve)and around nucleus are the circulating electrons (which has negative charge -ve).
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The structure of an atom(Niel Bohr`s theory of atom)
-Nucleus consist of 2 types:
1-Protons: which has Positive charge(+ve) equal and opposite to the charge of an electron.
2-Neutrons: which has no charge
*Neutrons and protons have same mass but the electrons is 2000times lighter than a Neutrons and protons ,proton mass
7
kg101.66 27
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The structure of an atom(Niel Bohr`s theory of atom)
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Atomic Number and atomic Mass-Atomic number:
It is an number of protons in the nucleus. It is symbol is `Z`.
-The chemical behavior of an atom is determined by its atomic number.
-Each element has a different atomic number e.g. H=1, He=2 ,C=6 and O=8.
-Atomic mass number:
It is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of the atom. It is symbol is `A`. He=4 because (2p+2n),O=16(8p+8n )
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Atomic Number and atomic Mass
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Isotope-Atoms having the same atomic number(Z)but
different atomic mass number are called isotopes. All isotopes have the same chemical properties as they have the same number of protons
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Types of Isotopes
-There are 2types of Isotope:
1-Radioactive Isotopes: which emit radiation, such as alph,beta,gamma rays.
2- Non-Radioactive Isotopes: which do not emit radiation
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Binding energy-It is the quantity of the energy required to remove an
electron from the shell is called binding energy of the electron. Depending on:
1- Type of shell, The outer shell electrons has the lowest binding energy whereas the inner shell has the highest binding energy.
2-The quantity of positive charge or the number of protons in the nucleus, the atomic number(Z).
The higher (Z),the greater binding energy.
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Ionization
-When an electron is removed from a neutral atom, the the atom will no longer remain neutral and the atom become positive charged
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