atomic structure & elements
DESCRIPTION
Atomic Structure & Elements. Size of the Atom. Average sized atom 0.00000003 cm Aluminum foil 50,000 atoms thick 1 penny 20,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms of copper and zinc (20 thousand billion billion. Parts of the Atom. Proton- Positive (+) particle (nucleus) Determines the element - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Atomic Structure &
Elements
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Size of the Atom
►Average sized atom 0.00000003 cm►Aluminum foil 50,000 atoms thick►1 penny 20,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms of
copper and zinc (20 thousand billion billion
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Parts of the Atom
►Proton- Positive (+) particle (nucleus)►Determines the element
►Neutron- Neutral (0)particle (nucleus)►Nucleus- Central, dense core of atom
Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus of the atom and make up almost all the mass of the atom.
►Electron- Negative (-) particle (electron cloud around nucleus)
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Modern view of the atom
►The atom is mostly empty space►Nucleus – Protons and neutrons►Electron cloud is the area where
electrons of an atom are most likely found.
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Counting the Pieces Review
►Atomic Number= Number of protons►Atomic Mass= Protons + Neutrons►# of protons determines kind of atom. ►Neutral Atom= the same number of
protons and electrons ►All particles in the atom have mass. ►Proton= 1amu (atomic mass unit)►Neutron= 1amu►Electrons have a very small mass
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Atoms and Elements►Atoms of different elements are
different Determined by # of protons
►Atoms of the same element are almost the same Isotopes have a different number of
neutrons Does not change the charge of the atom. Occur naturally and share the same
properties Some are unstable and the nucleus can
change composition (radioactive isotopes)
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Isotope
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Naming the Isotopes
►32He
►42He
► 126C
► 146C
► 23592U
► 23992U
Mass number of this atom
Atomic numberof the element
This atom of hydrogen has two protons and one
neutron. 1 + 1+ 1= 3 amu
Atomic MassAtomic Number
Element Symbol
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Write the isotopes of Hydrogen shown.
11H
21H
31H
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Atomic Mass
►The atomic mass is not a whole number because it is a weighted average of all the oxygen isotopes in the world.
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Measuring Atomic Mass
►Atomic mass is measured in Atomic Mass Units or AMU’s and is the addition of the number of Protons and Neutrons in an atom. Same number of electrons &
Protons Neutrons different.
Atomic Mass=________
Atomic Mass=________
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Elements Chapter 4 Section 1
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►An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances and have the same properties
► Classified by properties►Grouped into categories using these properties►Metals►Metalloids►Non-metals
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Metals Shiny Good conductors of thermal energy Good conductors of electrical current Malleable Ductile Located on the left side of the periodic table
Three Categories of Elements
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Nonmetals Dull Poor conductors of thermal energy Poor conductors of electric current Brittle/ unmalleable Located on the right side of the periodic table
Three Categories of Elements
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Metalloids Sometimes called semi-metals or semiconductors Can be shiny or dull Somewhat malleable Somewhat ductile Some are good conductors of thermal energy and electrical
current
Three Categories of Elements