atomic information all atoms are composed of the same basic particles, yet not all atoms are exactly...

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Atomic Information • All atoms are composed of the same basic particles, yet not all atoms are exactly the same. Atoms of different elements have different numbers of protons. • The atomic number of an element is the number of protons in the nucleus of that element. Atoms of the same element have the same number of protons.

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Page 1: Atomic Information All atoms are composed of the same basic particles, yet not all atoms are exactly the same. Atoms of different elements have different

Atomic Information

• All atoms are composed of the same basic particles, yet not all atoms are exactly the same. Atoms of different elements have different numbers of protons.

• The atomic number of an element is the number of protons in the nucleus of that element. Atoms of the same element have the same number of protons.

Page 2: Atomic Information All atoms are composed of the same basic particles, yet not all atoms are exactly the same. Atoms of different elements have different

(Number of Protons)

Page 3: Atomic Information All atoms are composed of the same basic particles, yet not all atoms are exactly the same. Atoms of different elements have different

• Protons have a positive charge. Electrons have a negative charge. Atoms are electrically neutral in nature, which means that the number of protons equals the number of electrons.

• If electrons are added or taken away, the ratio between protons and electrons becomes imbalanced and the atom will have a charge.

Page 4: Atomic Information All atoms are composed of the same basic particles, yet not all atoms are exactly the same. Atoms of different elements have different

Ions

• If electrons are added to the atom, then there are more negative charges than positive charges. The atom becomes negatively charged and is called an anion.

• If electrons are removed from the atom, then there are less negative charges than positive charges. The atom becomes positively charged and is called a cation.

• The size of the charge is easily calculated. Net charge equals protons minus electrons.

Page 5: Atomic Information All atoms are composed of the same basic particles, yet not all atoms are exactly the same. Atoms of different elements have different

• When an atom has a charge, it is written on the upper right-hand corner of the element symbol.

• Calcium ion has 20 p+ and 18 e-

– Charge is 20 – 18 = +2» Symbol is Ca2+

• Bromine ion has 35 p+ and 36 e- – Charge is 35 – 36 = -1

» Symbol is Br1-

Page 6: Atomic Information All atoms are composed of the same basic particles, yet not all atoms are exactly the same. Atoms of different elements have different

The Neutron

• Early models of the atom only considered two particles of the atom, the proton and the electron.

• The neutron has a mass about equal to the proton, but has no charge. Having neutrons would not pose a problem if all atoms of a particular element had the same number of neutrons – but this is not the case!

• The number of neutrons can vary.

Page 7: Atomic Information All atoms are composed of the same basic particles, yet not all atoms are exactly the same. Atoms of different elements have different

Isotopes

• Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different masses, due to the different number of neutrons.

• The mass number is the number of protons plus the number of neutrons in the nucleus. The mass number is useful when designating isotopes.

Page 8: Atomic Information All atoms are composed of the same basic particles, yet not all atoms are exactly the same. Atoms of different elements have different

Page 9: Atomic Information All atoms are composed of the same basic particles, yet not all atoms are exactly the same. Atoms of different elements have different

• To write an isotopic symbol, the mass number goes on the top left-hand corner of the element symbol. The number of protons (atomic number) goes on the bottom left-hand corner of the element symbol.

• Oxygen – 17– Means that the mass number is 17. Oxygen has 8 protons,

which means that there are 9 neutrons.17

8O

• Magnesium – 23– Means that the mass number is 23. Magnesium has 12

protons, which means that there are 11 neutrons. 23

12Mg

Page 10: Atomic Information All atoms are composed of the same basic particles, yet not all atoms are exactly the same. Atoms of different elements have different

Atomic Notation• Example:

• Number of Protons• Number of Electrons• Number of Neutrons

17

17

20

Cl37

17

Neutrons = Mass Number – Protons_______ = 37 - 1720

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