THE ATMOSPHEREOUR PROTECTION

¿WHAT IS THE ATMOSPHERE?

• THE ATMOSPHERE IS THE AIR WHICH SURROUNDS THE EARTH.

• AIR IS A MIXTURE OF GASES.THIS GASES ARE NITROGEN,

OXIGEN , CARBON DIOXIDE , OZONE AND WATER VAPOUR.

NITROGEN

• NITROGEN IS A CHEMICAL ELEMENT WITH SYMBOL N AND ATOMIC NUMBER 7.

• NITROGEN IS A COMMON ELEMENT IN THE UNIVERSE, ESTIMATED AT ABOUT SEVENTH IN TOTAL ABUNDANCE IN THE MILKY WAY AND THE SOLAR SYSTEM.

OXIGEN

• OXYGEN IS A CHEMICAL ELEMENT WITH SYMBOL O AND ATOMIC NUMBER 8.

• PHOTOSYNTHESIS RELEASES OXYGEN, AND RESPIRATION CONSUMES OXYGEN.

CARBON DIOXIDE

• CARBON DIOXIDE (CHEMICAL FORMULA CO2) IS A COLORLESS, ODORLESS GAS VITAL TO LIFE ON EARTH.

• CARBON DIOXIDE EXISTS IN THE EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE AS A TRACE GAS AT A CONCENTRATION.

OZONE

• OZONE IS AN INORGANIC MOLECULE WITH THE CHEMICAL FORMULA O3.

• THE OZONE LAYER PROTECTS US FROM ULTRAVIOLET RAYS.

WATER VAPOUR

• WATER VAPOR, OR WATER VAPOUR OR AQUEOUS VAPOR, IS THE GASEOUS PHASE OF WATER.

• WATER VAPOR CAN BE PRODUCED FROM THE EVAPORATION OR BOILING OF LIQUID WATER OR FROM THE SUBLIMATION OF ICE.

LAYERS OF THE ATMOSPHERE

STRATOSPHERE TROPHOSPHERE

STRATOSPHERE

• THE STRATOSPHERE IS THE SECOND MAJOR LAYER OF EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE, JUST ABOVE THE TROPOSPHERE, AND BELOW THE MESOSPHERE.

TROPOSPHERE

• THE TROPOSPHERE IS THE LOWEST PORTION OF EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE

• IT CONTAINS APPROXIMATELY 75% OF THE ATMOSPHERE'S MASS AND 99% OF ITS WATER VAPOUR AND AEROSOLS

WEATHER PHENOMENA

• THE PRINCIPAL WEATHER PHENOMENA ARE PRECIPITATION AND WIND.

PRECIPITATION

• IN METEOROLOGY, PRECIPITATION IS ANY PRODUCT OF THE CONDENSATION OF ATMOSPHERIC WATER VAPOUR THAT FALLS UNDER GRAVITY.

• THE MAIN FORMS OF PRECIPITATION INCLUDE DRIZZLE, RAIN, SLEET, SNOW, GRAUPEL AND HAIL.

DRIZZLE(LLOVIZNA)

• DRIZZLE IS A LIGHT LIQUID PRECIPITATION CONSISTING OF LIQUID WATER DROPS SMALLER THAN THOSE OF RAIN – GENERALLY SMALLER THAN 0.5 MM (0.02 IN) IN DIAMETER.

• DRIZZLE IS NORMALLY PRODUCED BY LOW STRATIFORM CLOUDS AND STRATOCUMULUS CLOUDS.

RAIN

• RAIN IS LIQUID WATER IN THE FORM OF DROPLETS THAT HAVE CONDENSED FROM ATMOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR AND THEN PRECIPITATED—THAT IS, BECOME HEAVY ENOUGH TO FALL UNDER GRAVITY.

SLEET(AGUANIEVE)

• SLEET IS A REGIONALLY VARIANT TERM THAT REFERS TO TWO DISTINCT FORMS OF PRECIPITATION.

SNOW

• SNOW IS PRECIPITATION IN THE FORM OF FLAKES OF CRYSTALLINE WATER ICE THAT FALLS FROM CLOUDS.

• SINCE SNOW IS COMPOSED OF SMALL ICE PARTICLES, IT IS A GRANULAR MATERIAL.

GRAUPEL

• GRAUPEL IS PRECIPITATION THAT FORMS WHEN SUPERCOOLED DROPLETS OF WATER ARE COLLECTED AND FREEZE ON A FALLING SNOWFLAKE, FORMING A 2–5 MM (0.079–0.197 IN) BALL OF RIME.

HAIL

• HAIL IS A FORM OF SOLID PRECIPITATION. IT IS DISTINCT FROM SLEET, THOUGH THE TWO ARE OFTEN CONFUSED FOR ONE ANOTHER.

WIND

• WIND IS THE FLOW OF GASES ON A LARGE SCALE. ON THE SURFACE OF THE EARTH, WIND CONSISTS OF THE BULK MOVEMENT OF AIR. IN OUTER SPACE, SOLAR WIND IS THE MOVEMENT OF GASES OR CHARGED PARTICLES FROM THE SUN THROUGH SPACE, WHILE PLANETARY WIND IS THE OUTGASSING OF LIGHT CHEMICAL ELEMENTS FROM A PLANET'S ATMOSPHERE INTO SPACE.

HIDROSPHERE

• THE HYDROSPHERE IN PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY DESCRIBES THE COMBINED MASS OF WATER FOUND ON, UNDER, AND OVER THE SURFACE OF A PLANET.

WATER CYCLE

• THE WATER CYCLE, ALSO KNOWN AS THE HYDROLOGIC CYCLE OR THE H2O

CYCLE, DESCRIBES THE CONTINUOUS MOVEMENT OF WATER ON, ABOVE AND BELOW THE SURFACE OF THE EARTH.

THE MOVEMENT OF WATER

WAVESIN PHYSICS, A WAVE IS AN

OSCILLATION ACCOMPANIED BY A TRANSFER OF ENERGY THAT

TRAVELS THROUGH SPACE OR MASS. FREQUENCY REFERS TO

THE ADDITION OF TIME.

TIDESTIDES ARE THE RISE AND FALL OF

SEA LEVELS CAUSED BY THE COMBINED EFFECTS OF

GRAVITATIONAL FORCES EXERTED BY THE MOON SUN, AND

ROTATION OF THE EARTH.

OCEAN CURRENTSAN OCEAN CURRENT IS A CONTINUOUS, DIRECTED

MOVEMENT OF SEAWATER GENERATED BY FORCES ACTING

UPON THIS MEAN FLOW, SUCH AS BREAKING WAVES, WIND, THE CORIOLIS EFFECT, CABBELING,

AND TEMPERATURE AND SALINITY DIFFERENCES, WHILE TIDES ARE CAUSED BY THE GRAVITATIONAL PULL OF THE SUN AND MOON.

THE GEOSPHERE

• THE GEOSPHERE IS THE COLLECTIVE NAME FOR THE LITHOSPHERE, THE HYDROSPHERE, THE CRYOSPHERE, AND THE ATMOSPHERE

ROCKS

• IN GEOLOGY, ROCK IS A NATURALLY OCCURRING SOLID AGGREGATE OF ONE OR MORE MINERALS OR MINERALOIDS. FOR EXAMPLE, THE COMMON ROCK GRANITE IS A COMBINATION OF THE QUARTZ, FELDSPAR AND BIOTITE MINERALS.

TYPES OF ROCKS

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS ARE FORMED FROM PIECES OF OTHER

ROCKS OR PIECES OF LIVING THINGS. COAL AND GYPSUM ARE

SEDIMENTARY ROCKS.

IGNEOUS ROCKSIGNEOUS ROCKS ARE FORMED

WHEN MAGMA COOLS AND SOLIDIFIES. GRANITE AND BASALT

ARE IGNEOUS ROCKS.

METAMORPHIC ROCKS

METAMORPHIC ROCKS ARE FORMED WHEN HEAT OR PRESSURE CHANGES THE

ORIGINAL ROCKS. MARBLE AND SLATE ARE METAMORPHIC ROCKS.

MINERALS

• A MINERAL IS A NATURALLY OCCURRING SUBSTANCE THAT IS SOLID AND INORGANIC REPRESENTABLE BY A CHEMICAL FORMULA, USUALLY ABIOGENIC, AND HAS AN ORDERED ATOMIC STRUCTURE.

VOLCANOES

• A VOLCANO IS A RUPTURE ON THE CRUST OF A PLANETARY-MASS OBJECT, SUCH AS EARTH, THAT ALLOWS HOT LAVA, VOLCANIC ASH, AND GASES TO ESCAPE FROM A MAGMA CHAMBER BELOW THE SURFACE.

EARTHQUAKES

• AN EARTHQUAKE (ALSO KNOWN AS A QUAKE, TREMOR OR TEMBLOR) IS THE PERCEPTIBLE SHAKING OF THE SURFACE OF THE EARTH, WHICH CAN BE VIOLENT ENOUGH TO DESTROY MAJOR BUILDINGS AND KILL THOUSANDS OF PEOPLE.

WEATHERING

EROSIONIS THE REMOVAL OF SOIL AND ROCKS BY WIND AND WATER.

O FOR EXAMPLE, THE SEA’S WAVES GRADUALLY ERODE A

CLIFF.

TRANSPORTTRANSPORT IS THE MOVEMENT OF

ERODED MATERIAL.

O FOR EXAMPLE, RIVERS, SEAS AND THE WIND CARRY SAND.

SEDIMENTATIONSEDIMENTATION IS THE

ACCUMULATION OF ERODED MATERIAL FROM OTHER PLACES.

O FOR EXAMPLE, MUD SETTLES AT THE BOTTOM OF A RIVER.

CONCLUSIÓN

• ME HA GUSTADO MUCHO HACER ESTE TRABAJO Y HE APRENDIDO MUCHO DE ESTE TEMA YA QUE TAMBIEN ME HA AYUDADO A REPASAR.