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What Is a Map? 300

Skill Power Reading a Map 301

Skill Power Using Scale to Measure Distance 302

Alberta: Major Communities 303

Skill Power Reading a Physical Map 304

Alberta: Physical Map 305

Alberta: Some Major Tourist Attractions 306

Alberta: National and Provincial Parks 307

Alberta: Historic Sites and Museums 308

Alberta: Facts and Figures 309

Alberta: Symbols 310

Canada: Historical Maps 312

Canada 314

The World 316

299

Atlas

ALB4SS_atlas 4/27/06 3:16 PM Page 299

What Is a Map?A map is a drawing of the Earth on a flat surface. Maps do notshow what the land actually looks like. For that, you need a picture.Instead, maps use symbols and colours to show some of the featuresof the land. Look at the picture and the map of the same areabelow. In what other ways is a map different from a picture?

300

N

S

W E

0 10 20

kilometres

30 Legend

Water

Building

Road

Land

Map of Mary’s Bay

Picture of Mary’s Bay


301

Map makers add special features to maps to help usunderstand the maps. Following these steps will help youwith your map reading.

Step 1 Read the title. It tells you what the map is about.Then look at the whole map to get a general idea of theinformation it gives.

Step 2 Find the legend for the map. Sometimes a legend iscalled a key. The legend explains the colours and symbolsused on the map.

Step 3 Look for different colours on the map. Colours showdifferent features. Check what the features are by matching the colours to the legend. Remember that blue is used toshow water features such as lakes, rivers, and oceans.

Step 4 Find the compass rose. It will show directionson the map. North is always near the top.

Step 5 Look at the scale. It will tell you about distance on the map.

SKILLPOWER Reading a Map

301

N

S

W E

0 10 20

kilometres

30

Legend

Water

Building

Road

Land

ALB4SS_atlas 4/27/06 3:16 PM 01

302

SKILLPOWER Using Scale to

Measure Distance

Step 4 Move your paper so thatyour mark lines up with 0 on theline scale. Measure the nextdistance. Now add the distancestogether to find the total distance.

302

ALBERTA

Edmonton

Calgary

0 50 100

kilometres

150

0 50 100

kilometres

150

0 50 100

kilometres

150

The scale of the map tells you about the actual distance betweenthe places. Follow these steps to use a scale to measure distancebetween two points on the map. The example below shows thedistance between Calgary and Edmonton. Practise the steps byfinding the distance between other communities on the map onthe opposite page.

Step 1 Markthe locationsof the twoplaces on theedge of a sheetof paper.

Step 2 Placethe edge of thepaper againstthe map scale, with the firstmark at 0.

Step 3 Make a mark onyour paper at the right endof the scale.


Alberta: Major Communities

303

Jasper

PeaceRiver

0 100 200

kilometres

300

Hay

Rive

r

Milk River

Wabasca

RO

CK

Y

MO

UN

TA

IN

S

Legend

Bow River

ALBERTA

Athabasca River

EdmontonSt. Albert

Spruce GroveStony Plain

Wetaskiwin

Cold Lake

Lloydminster

Red Deer

Drumheller

Lethbridge

MedicineHat

GrandePrairie

Peace River

CalgaryAirdrie

Okotoks Brooks

Cochrane

Canmore

Camrose

Lacombe

Leduc

FortSaskatchewan

BanffMore than 100 000 people

10 000 – 100 000 people

Less than 10 000 people

Rivers

Provincial boundary

N

S

WE

Lesser SlaveLake

LakeAthabasca

Sm

oky

Rive

r

SouthSaskatchewanRiver

NorthSaskatchewanRiver

Oldman River

RedDeer

River

Slave River

BIRCHMOUNTAINS

CARIBOUMOUNTAINS

RiverFortMcMurray


304

A physical map shows the features of the land. Most physicalmaps use colour to show the height of the land. Mountains,hills, and areas of flat land can be identified.

You can get an idea of what the land looks like by using a“slice” through the land. The diagram below shows a cross-section along the dotted line (from “A” to “B”) on the map onthe opposite page. How would the slice be different if “A” to“B” was from Jasper to Lake Athabasca?

SKILLPOWER Reading a Physical Map

Follow these steps to read a physical map.

Step 1 Identify any areas that are patterned to show theheight or shape of the land.

Step 2 The legend of a physical map will often tell you theheight of the land, in metres. Use the legend to identify whichareas are higher and which are lower. Notice that lower landis generally green. Map makers often use green for lower landand brown for higher areas.

Step 3 A physical map helps you to tell which ways therivers flow. Rivers flow “down” from higher areas of land tolower areas.

304

SouthSaskatchewanRiverBow River

Oldman River

Elevation

Cross-section of Alberta

1000 m

2000 m

3000 m

0A B


Alberta: Physical Map

305

Legend

Over 3000 metres

2000–3000 metres

1000–2000 metres

500–1000 metres

Under 500 metres

Nor

thSa

skatchewan

Atha

ba

scaRiver

Peace River

Lesser SlaveLake

UtikumaLake

Lake Claire

RedD

eer

River

Oldman River

Slav

eRi

ver

Rive

r

N

S

WE

Bow River

0 100 200

kilometres

300

MOUNT FORBESMOUNT COLUMBIA

MOUNT ROBSON

MOUNTASSINIBOINE

A B

RO

CK

YM

OU

NT

AIN

SALBERTA

LakeAthabasca


NorthSaskatchewanRiver

Lloydminster

Edmonton

Red Deer

FortMcMurray

Lethbridge

GrandePrairie

Calgary

PeaceRiver

MedicineHat


Alberta: Some Major TouristAttractions

306

Legend

ALBERTA

Edmonton

Slave Lake

Jasper

Red Deer

PeaceRiver

Lethbridge

Vegreville

MedicineHat

GrandePrairie

CalgaryBanff

0 100 200

kilometres

300

N

S

W E

FortMcMurray

12

13

2322

1814

15

6

16

32

54

1719

20 2124

25

9

1

11

78

10

WoodBuffalo

NationalPark

Elk IslandNational

Park

Waterton LakesNational Park

JasperNational

Park

Lake Louise

1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.

10.

Heritage ParkJasper GondolaJasper Park LodgeAthabasca FallsMaligne LakeColumbia IcefieldDevonian Botanic GardenEdmonton Art GalleryMuttart ConservatoryWest Edmonton Mall

11.

12.13.

14.15.16.17.18.

Telus World ofScienceUkrainian Easter EggAlberta Sports Hall ofFame and MuseumBanff Upper Hot SpringsBanff Springs HotelBanff GondolaKananaskis CountryCalgary Science Centre

19.

20.21.22.23.24.25.

Calgary Zoo, Botanical Garden,and Prehistoric ParkNakoda InstituteStampede ParkNikka Yuko Japanese GardensWorld’s Tallest TeepeeRoyal Tyrrell MuseumDinosaur Provincial Park

National Park

Drumheller

ROCKY

MO

UNTAIN

S

BanffNational

Park


307

ALBERTAAt

habasca River

Edmonton

MedicineHat

Peace River


LakeClaire

SlaveRiver

Lesser SlaveLake

Calgary

0 100 200

kilometres

300

Hay River

N

S

WE

Legend

DunveganProvincial

Park

Obed LakeProvincial

ParkRO

CK

Y

MO

UN

TA

IN

SProvincial Park

WoodBuffaloNationalPark

Elk IslandNationalPark

Waterton LakesNational Park

JasperNational

Park

BanffNational

Park

CanmoreNordic Centre

ProvincialPark

National Park Cypress HillsInterprovincialPark

Dry IslandBuffalo JumpProvincial Park

Alberta: National andProvincial Parks

Tangle Falls, Jasper National Park


Alberta: Historic Sites andMuseums

308

ALBERTA

Edmonton

Jasper

Red Deer

Drumheller

PeaceRiver

LethbridgeFort Macleod

Crowsnest Pass

MedicineHat

GrandePrairie

N

CalgaryBanff

0 100 200

kilometres

300

N

S

W E

FortMcMurray

23

22

21

2524

12

1620

1

2

3

654

78 9

1011

1213

14

15

17

18 19

Royal Alberta Museum

Legend

1. Historic Dunvegan2. Oil Sands Discovery Centre3. Grande Prairie Museum4. Father Lacombe Chapel5. Victoria Settlement6. Fort George and Buckingham House7. Ukrainian Cultural Heritage Village8. Fort Edmonton9. Royal Alberta Museum

10. Stephansson House11. Royal Tyrrell Museum12. Canadian Olympic Park13. Glenbow Museum14. Heritage Park Historical Village15. Turner Valley Gas Plant16. Head-Smashed-In Buffalo Jump17. The Fort—Museum of the North-West

Mounted Police18. Stand Off19. Writing-On-Stone Provincial Park20. Frank Slide Interpretive Centre21. Cave and Basin National Historic Site22. Jasper Park Lodge23. Rocky Mountain House24. Fort Normandeau25. Reynolds Alberta Museum

■ Historic Site or Museum


309

Pelican Rapids, Slave River

Alberta: Facts and FiguresArea 661 190 square kilometres

Highest point Mount Columbia: 3747 metres

Lowest point Slave River: 152 metres

Largest lakes Lake Claire, Lake Athabasca

Longest rivers Peace River and Athabasca River

Annual precipitation Lowest Medicine Hat (335 mm)Highest Jasper (620 mm)

Average temperature Lowest Fort Smith (–24°C in January)Highest Medicine Hat (19°C in July)

Population 3 223 400 in 2005

Oil and gas Ninth-largest oil producer and third-largest natural gas producer in the world

Agriculture Over 20 million hectares

Forestry Forests cover over half of the province

National parks Banff, Elk Island, Jasper, Waterton Lakes, and Wood Buffalo

World Heritage Wood Buffalo National Park, Canadian Rocky MountainSites Parks (includes Banff and Jasper), Waterton Lakes National

Park, Dinosaur Provincial Park, and Head-Smashed-InBuffalo Jump


Alberta: Symbols

Flag

Coat of Arms

Motto: Strong and Free

Provincial flower: Provincial tree: Provincial grass:

Wild rose Lodgepole pine Rough fescue

310


Provincial mammal: Provincial fish:

Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep Bull trout

Provincial stone: Petrified wood

Provincial tartan (cloth)

311

Green for forests

Gold for wheat fieldsBlue for lakes and skies

Pink for the wild rose

Black for coal and oil


Canada: Historical Maps

312

0 500 1000

kilometres

1500

N

S

W E

PRINCEEDWARDISLAND

NEWFOUNDLAND

R U P E R T ’ S L A N D

THE

NO

RTH–WESTERN

T E R R I T O RY

BRITISHCOLUMBIA

• Nova Scotia

• New Brunswick

• Québec

• Ontario

QU

ÉBEC

ONTARIONEWBRUNSWICK

NOVASCOTIA

ONTARIO

NEWBRUNSWICK

NOVASCOTIA

PRINCEEDWARDISLAND

NEWFOUNDLAND

BRITISHCOLUMBIA

NORTH-WESTT E R R I T O R IE S

NORTH-WEST

TERRITORIES

QU

ÉBEC

District

of

Keewatin

MANITOBA

• Nova Scotia

• New Brunswick

• Prince Edward Island

• Québec

• Ontario

• Manitoba

• British Columbia

Canada at Confederation, 1867

Canada, 1876


313

ONTARIO

NEWBRUNSWICK

NOVASCOTIA

PRINCEEDWARDISLAND

NEWFOUNDLAND

BRITISHCOLUMBIA

NORTH-WESTT E R R I T O R I E S

NORTH-WEST

TERRITORIES

District ofAssiniboia

QU

ÉBEC

DistrictofAthabasca

District

of

Keewatin

Districtof

AlbertaMANITOBA

District ofSaskatchewan

Disputedarea

• Nova Scotia

• New Brunswick


• Québec

• Ontario

• Manitoba

• British Columbia

QUÉBEC

ONTARIO

NEWBRUNSWICK

NOVASCOTIA

PRINCEEDWARDISLAND

NEWFOUNDLAND

BRITISHCOLUMBIA District of

Ungava

District ofKeewatin

NORTHWEST TERRITORIES

District of Franklin

District ofMackenzie

ALBERTA

MANITOBASASK

ATC

HEW

AN

YUKON

TERRITORY

• Nova Scotia

• New Brunswick


• Québec

• Ontario

• Manitoba• Saskatchewan• Alberta

• British Columbia• Yukon Territory

Canada, 1882

Canada, 1905


NORTHWESTTERRITORIES NUNAVUT

YUKONTERRITORY

BRITISH COLUMBIA

ALBERTA

SASKATCHEWAN

MANITOBA

C A N A D A

United States of America

United States of America

Lake Winnipeg

LakeAthabasca

GreatSlave Lake

Great BearLake

Edmonton

Regina

Victoria

Whitehorse

Winnipeg

Yellowknife

PACIFICOCEAN

H

ARCTIC OCEAN

BeaufortSea

Lake Sup

314

Canada


0 500 1000

kilometres

Legend

ONTARIO

NOVA SCOTIA

PRINCE EDWARDISLANDNEW

BRUNSWICK

GREENLAND

Iqaluit

Halifax

Charlottetown

St. John’s

Fredericton

Toronto

Québec

QUÉBEC

OTTAWA

HudsonBay

Labrador Sea

Baffin Bay

ATLANTICOCEAN

N

EWFOUNDLAND

AND

LABRADO

R

perior

Lake Huron

LakeErieLa

keM

ichi

gan

Gulf ofSt. Lawrence

JamesBay

FoxeBasin

Davis Strait

LakeOntario

N

S

W E

National capital

Provincial or territorial capital

315


316

The World

Prim

eM

erid

ian

ITSPAIN

SW

NORWAY

GERMAN

FRANCE

PORTUGAL

PIRELAND

GREENLAND(DENMARK)

ICELAND

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

CANADA

ALASKA(USA)

AN

MEXICOTHE BAHAMASCUBA

HAWAII(USA)

PANAMA

EL SALVADORGUATEMALA

BELIZEHONDURAS

NICARAGUA

COSTA RICA

JAMAICADOMINICAN

REPUBLIC

ARGENTINA

BOLIVIA

COLOMBIA

VENEZUELA

PERU BRAZIL

FRENCH GUIANASURINAME

GUYANA

CHILE

ECUADOR

PARAGUAY

URUGUAY

Falkland Islands(UNITED KINGDOM)

South Georgia Island(UNITED KINGDOM)

NIGEMAURITANIA

MALI

NIGERIA

NA

S

A

ALGERIA

GA

TUN

MOROCCO

TOGOBENIN

GHANA

IVORY COASTEquator

LIBERIASIERRA LEONE

GUINEA

BURKINAGAMBIA

CAMEROON

CONGO

EQUATORIAL GUINEA

WESTERNSAHARA

SENEGAL

GUINEA BISSAU

UNITED KINGDOM

NORTHATLANTIC

OCEAN

SOUTHATLANTIC

OCEAN

PACIFICOCEAN

ARCTIC OCEAN

N

S

W E


317

RUSSIAFINLAND

TALY

WEDEN

Y

TURKEY

POLAND BELARUS

UKRAINE

NTARCTICA

KENYA

ETHIOPIA

ERITREA

SUDAN

EGYPT

ER

ASOMALIA

AMIBIA

LIBYA

CHAD

SOUTH AFRICA

TANZANIA

ZAIRE

ANGOLA

MADAGASCAR

MOZAMBIQUE

BOTSWANA

ZAMBIA

ABON

CENTRAL AFRICANREPUBLIC

NISIA

GREECE

UGANDA

SWAZILAND

LESOTHO

MALAWI

BURUNDIRWANDA

MAURITIUSRÉUNION

ZIMBABWE

DJIBOUTI

JORDANISRAEL

LEBANONCYPRUS

ARMENIA AZERBAIJANGEORGIA KYRGYZSTAN

TAJIKISTAN

KUWAIT

QATARBAHRAIN

UNITED ARABEMIRATES

YEMEN

SYRIA

IRAQ IRAN

OMAN

SAUDIARABIA

AFGHANISTAN

PAKISTAN

INDIA

CHINA

KAZAKHSTAN

TURKMENISTAN

UZBEKISTAN

MYANMAR

THAILANDCAMBODIA

NEPAL

BHUTAN

VIETNAM

SRI LANKA

LAOSBANGLADESH

MALAYSIA

PAPUANEW

GUINEA

BRUNEI

SINGAPORE

PHILIPPINES

TAIWAN

INDONESIA

JAPAN

MONGOLIA

SOUTHKOREA

NORTHKOREA

AUSTRALIA

NEWZEALAND

NEWCALEDONIA

SOLOMON ISLANDS

FEDERATED STATESOF MICRONESIA

VANUATU

TUVALU

FIJI

INDIANOCEAN

ARCTIC OCEAN

PACIFICOCEAN

0 1000 2000 3000

kilometres


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