atlas beckeralisha

GEOL 370 AtlasAlisha C. Becker

Source: http://www.mnh.si.edu/earth/text/dynamicearth/6_0_0_GeoGallery/geogallery_specimen.cfm?SpecimenID=2018&cat-egoryID=4&categoryName=Rocks&browseType=type&type-ID=22&typeName=Sandstone

Source: Me

Sandstone: A rock with grain sizes between 1/16 and 2 mm.

Quartz Sandstone: 95% quartz sandstone; found in mostly eolian, beach, and shelf depositional systems

Source: http://pixgood.com/quartz-sandstone.html

Source: Dr. Littles Slides

Arkose: More than 25% feldspar; commonly found in alluvial fan deposits

Source: http://www.geol.umd.edu/~jmerck/geol342/lectures/06.html


Source: http://csmres.jmu.edu/geollab/Fichter/SedRx/Rocks/sslithic1saw2.html


Gray Wacke: More than 25% lithic grains; at least 15% matrix; most commonly found in alluvial fan deposits


Source: http://quizlet.com/18625744/rock-mineral-match-3rd-flash-cards/

Conglomerate: Clasts are larger than 2mm

Oligomict (top) and Polymict (bottom): Oligomict is the clasts are made up of the same composition; where as, polymict is the clasts are made of more than one composition.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conglomer-ate_%28geology%29

Source: http://www.jerseygeologytrail.net/Rock_Types_Conglomer-ate.shtml

Orthoconglomerate (top) and Paraconglomerate (bottom): Orthoconglomerate is a clast supported conglomerate with less than 15% matrix. A paraconglomerate is a matrix supported conglomerate with more than 15% matrix.

Source: http://www.geol.umd.edu/~jmerck/geol342/lectures/06.html


Shale: An indurated mudstone (grain size smaller than 1/16mm) that has good fissility.

Source: http://geology.com/rocks/shale.shtml

Source: http://www.wallstreetdaily.com/2014/10/07/montney-shale-canada/

Siltstone: A mudstone that is of a more gritty texture.

Source: http://geology.about.com/od/rocks/ig/sedrockindex/rocpicsilt-stone.htm


Argillite: An indurated mudstone with low fissility.


Source: http://win.liceoariosto.it/naturalia/Pagineinterne/petrografia/pag-ine/sedimentarie/Argillite.htm

Wackestone: A mud-supported carbonate rock where allochems are more than 10% of the total rock and do not come in contact with one another.


Source: https://wwwf.imperial.ac.uk/earthscience-andengineering/rocklibrary/viewglossrecord.

php?gID=00000000259

Packstone: A closed-framework, grain-supported carbonate rock.


Source: http://www.safossils.com/shellenbergercanyon.html

Grainstone: An open-framework, grain-supported carbonate rock.


Source: http://www.beg.utexas.edu/lmod/_IOL-CM03/cm03-step04.htm

Boundstone: Carbonate rocks where the components are bound together through organic processes.

Source: http://ocw.mit.edu/ans7870/12/12.110/labs/lab8/1.html


Classification scheme QFL Dott: A classification scheme for sandstones that uses the percentage of quartz, lithics, and feldspar to name a rock. It also uses the percentage of matrix. If the rock has more than 15% matrix it is considered a wacke, and if it has less than 15% matrix it is considered an arenite.

Source: Dr. Littles slides

Dunham: A classification scheme of carbonate rocks that identifies the role of energy in sediment accumulation.

Source: http://www.beg.utexas.edu/lmod/_IOL-CM01/cm01-step03.htm

Folk Clasification: A carbonate rock classification scheme that contains more parameters for naming a rock and includes the amount of allochems, matrix, and cement. Folk classification also names on the basis of the type of allochem.

Source: http://csmres.jmu.edu/geollab/Fichter/SedRx/Carbonate.html

Massive Bedding: Bedding that is structureless.

Source: http://www.ig.utexas.edu/research/projects/mars/education/picture_pages/massive_bedding.htm


Crossbedding (tabular top and trough bottom): Internal ripples essentially; formed by fluid flow by sediment being eroded from and transported up a gentle stoss side of a ripple and being deposited as avalanches on the steeped lee side. Crossbeds can be used to determine the water depth, fluid velocity, and flow direction.


Source: http://www.ufindmedia.com/signup?b=1&ad_do-main=ads.ad-center.com&ad_path=/smart_ad/displ

ay&prod=7&ref=4977901&q=trough+cross+beds&-seed=3713843870&sf=search&adserver=0.16.0-rc1&sid=58&

bt=1428640647313&bh=1942391812

Ripple bedding: This bedding is usually found in low to moderate flow velocity environments. Morphological ripple classification (bottom picture) is based on plan geometry.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedform


Humocky bedding: This bedding is produced mostly by storms from the current and oscillatory flow. It is mostly found in a shallow sea floor environment.


Graded bedding: Graded bedding forms from the seperation of large to small particles allowing for the settling of clasts.

Source: http://www.geol.umd.edu/~jmerck/geol100/lec-tures/14.html

Source: http://www.nr.gov.nl.ca/mines&en/geosurvey/education/features/structures/

Parting Lineation:


Dessication Cracks: Forms for the drying out of usually mud.

Source: http://www.geopoem.com/2013/04/mud-cracks-desiccation-and-decoration.html

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedimentology

Rain imprints: Forms as raised bumps in sandstone and as imprints in muds.

source: http://io9.com/5897306/ancient-raindrop-fossils-reveal-that-we-can-thank-greenhouse-gases-for-early-life-on-eartht

Source: http://techgsci.tripod.com/Part_One.htm

Sole marks: Sole marks can show direction of flow.

Source: http://www.geo.cornell.edu/geology/classes/Geo101/enfield/enfield_trip.html

Meandering Facies: http://www.slideshare.net/wwlittle/meandering-fluvial-systems

Source: https://mhs.blog.ui.ac.id/sri.bihas-tuti/2011/05/24/%E2%80%9Csedimentary-environment-over-view-%E2%80%9D/

Source: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttex-t&pid=S0716-02082008000100009

Braided River Facies: http://www.slideshare.net/wwlittle/braided-fluvial-systems

Source: http://www.see.leeds.ac.uk/see-research/igs/seddies/best/jamunabar.htm

Source: http://www.geol.umd.edu/~jmerck/geol342/lec-tures/10.html

Barrier Island Facies: http://www.slideshare.net/wwlittle/beach-and-barrier-systems

Source: http://www.sepmstrata.org/page.aspx?pageid=301

Source: http://www.seddepseq.co.uk/DEPOSITIONAL_ENV/BeachCoast-al/BeachCoastal.htm

Beach Facies: http://www.slideshare.net/wwlittle/beach-and-barrier-systems

Source: http://www.seddepseq.co.uk/DEPOSITION-AL_ENV/BeachCoastal/BeachCoastal.htm

Source: http://www.seddepseq.co.uk/DEPOSITION-AL_ENV/BeachCoastal/BeachCoastal.htm

Eolian Facies: http://www.slideshare.net/wwlittle/eolian-systems

Source: http://www.see.leeds.ac.uk/admissions-and-study/research-de-grees/essi/mountneycollier/

Flooding surface: The flooding surface bounds the parasequence and show where there is a rise in baselevel. In the top photo the red line seperates the bottom shallower water facies and the top deeper water facies.


Parasequence: Genetically related beds bounded by flooding surfaces


Types of terminations: Named according to the relationship with underlying and overlying bounding surface;



Falling Stage Systems Tract (FSST): A FSST can form while relative base level falls and the SB is produced; however, because of cannibalization, this systems tract is often missing or poorly developed. If base-level experiences an absolute fall, a forced regression occurs and depositional units can downstep (offlap) in a basinward direction. (Dr. Littles Slides)


Low stand system tract (LST): A LST is produced during the early stages of relative base-level rise. Erosion continues in landward areas, but preservation potential is higher than for FSST sediments, as accommodation is produced in a progressively more landward direction. These are characterized by onlap onto FSST deposits and/or the sequence boundary. Parasequence patterns change from progradational to aggradational. (Dr. Littles Slides)


High stand systems tract (HST): The HST is found between the MFS and the upper SB. As accommodation development slows, parasequence sets change from aggradational to progradational. Bed terminations are characterized by onlap in proximal regions and downlap in more basinal areas. (Dr. Littles Slides)


Transgressive systems tract (TST): The transgressive systems tract is typically thin and characterized by a retrogradational parasequence set as landward regions become flooded. This systems tract is bounded by the TS below and the maximum flooding surface (MFS) above. (Dr. Littles Slides)


Transgressivc Surface (TS): The transgressive surface (TS) separates the LST below from the TST above and forms during the maximum rate of relative base-level rise, as basinal accommodation development surpasses sediment supply. Stacking patterns change from aggradational to retrogradational. It is the first significant flooding surface within a sequence and commonly marks the base of the most prominent onlap exhibited by the sequence. Erosion often accompanies formation of the TS.


Maximum flooding surface (MFS): The MFS forms the boundary between the TST and HST and represents the greatest landward incursion of the sea. Parasequence stacking patterns change from retrogradation to aggradation. Basinward regions are characterized by a lack of sedimentation, produced a starved zone or condensed interval. Typically forms a downlap surface for highstand systems tract (HST) deposits. (Dr. Littles Slides)


atlas beckeralisha

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