athens & sparta’s history
DESCRIPTION
Athens & Sparta’s History. Rule & Order. Polis Fundamental political unit political unit in ancient Greece Countryside & surrounding cities 50-500 square miles of territory Fewer than 20,000 residents Acropolis Male citizens gather to conduct business. Political Structures. Monarchy - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Athens & Sparta’s HistoryAthens & Sparta’s History
Rule & OrderRule & Order
PolisPolis– Fundamental political unit political unit Fundamental political unit political unit
in ancient Greecein ancient Greece– Countryside & surrounding citiesCountryside & surrounding cities– 50-500 square miles of territory50-500 square miles of territory– Fewer than 20,000 residentsFewer than 20,000 residents
AcropolisAcropolis– Male citizens gather to conduct businessMale citizens gather to conduct business
Political StructuresPolitical StructuresMonarchyMonarchy– King or monarchs ruleKing or monarchs rule– Ultimate controlUltimate control
AristocracyAristocracy– Small group of noble, land-owning familiesSmall group of noble, land-owning families– Gained control by working in kings militaryGained control by working in kings military
OligarchyOligarchy– Few powerful peopleFew powerful people
PhalanxPhalanxDorian AgeDorian Age– Bronze weaponsBronze weapons– Wealthy ownedWealthy owned
Iron replaces Bronze b/c Iron replaces Bronze b/c cheapercheaper– Ordinary citizens could Ordinary citizens could
own weapons nowown weapons now
Citizens expected to Citizens expected to defend polisdefend polisFoot soldiers (Hoplites)Foot soldiers (Hoplites)– Shield in 1 handShield in 1 hand– Spear in the otherSpear in the other
Tyrants use unemployed to Tyrants use unemployed to seize controlseize control
SpartaSpartaMilitary stateMilitary state
Southern part on PeloponnesusSouthern part on Peloponnesus
No colonies just brute forceNo colonies just brute force– Messenia circa 725 B.C.Messenia circa 725 B.C.
B/C HelotsB/C Helots– Peasants forced to stay on land & work itPeasants forced to stay on land & work it– Spartans demanded 50% of crops each yearSpartans demanded 50% of crops each year
600 B.C. revolt of helots600 B.C. revolt of helots
Result? Sparta needs to be strongerResult? Sparta needs to be stronger
Government & SocietyGovernment & Society2 groups ruled2 groups ruled– AssemblyAssembly– Council of EldersCouncil of Elders
Proposed laws to be Proposed laws to be passedpassed
EphorsEphors– 5 elected officials carry 5 elected officials carry
out lawsout laws– Controlled education & Controlled education &
court casescourt cases
2 Kings control army2 Kings control army
Descendants of original inhabitants
Ruling land owners
Helots
Slaves
EducationEducationMilitary trainingMilitary training– Boys left home @ age 7 to beginBoys left home @ age 7 to begin– Wore no shoesWore no shoes– Harsh conditions to make good soldiersHarsh conditions to make good soldiers
WomenWomen– Could not voteCould not vote– Ran family while men served polisRan family while men served polis
Most powerful army in Greece (600-371 B.C.)Most powerful army in Greece (600-371 B.C.)– Individuals discouragedIndividuals discouraged– Result?Result?
No value in artsNo value in artsValued duty, strength, & discipline over individuality, Valued duty, strength, & discipline over individuality, beauty, & freedombeauty, & freedom
Athenian DemocracyAthenian DemocracyPolar opposite of SpartaPolar opposite of Sparta– Free thinkingFree thinking– Imagination & curiosityImagination & curiosity
All All freefree citizens involved in citizens involved in governmentgovernmentSlaves, foreigners living w/i Athens & Slaves, foreigners living w/i Athens & women do not have rightswomen do not have rightsSlaves = 1/3 of pop. & worked mines, Slaves = 1/3 of pop. & worked mines, fields, & houseworkfields, & housework
Draco’s codeDraco’s codeAristocrats & common folk always fightingAristocrats & common folk always fighting
621 B.C. Cylon tried to est. a tyranny621 B.C. Cylon tried to est. a tyranny
Commoners insist on written lawsCommoners insist on written laws
Included contracts & property ownershipIncluded contracts & property ownership
SolonSolon– Gets total control to reform laws (debt slavery)Gets total control to reform laws (debt slavery)