atelier fao de sensibilisation et de formation sur les
TRANSCRIPT
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ATELIER FAO DE
SENSIBILISATION ET DE
FORMATION SUR LES ACTIVITES
DES LABORATOIRES DE
REFERENCE
Dr. Antonio Petrini
Représentation sous - régionale de l’OIE pour l’Afrique du Nord
Tunis, Tunisie
27 - 29 juin 2011 Madrid, Espagne
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Les Membres de l’OIE en Afrique
52
Liberia
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Les Représentations de l’OIE en Afrique
Bamako (RR)
Tunis (RSR)
Nairobi (RSR)
Gaborone (RSR)
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Communautés Economiques Régionales
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Agence technique continentale
UNION AFRICAINE
Bureau
Inter-africain
pour les
Ressources
Animales
(BIRA)
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OIE Reference Laboratories
and Collaborating Centres:
a general overview
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OIE Standards, Guidelines and
Recommendations
Founded on:
Objective criteria
Scientifically valid evaluations provided by independent experts
This fundamental requirement led to the establishment of:
Specialist Commissions, for example the Biological Standards Commission, founded in 1949
Working Groups
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OIE Standards, Guidelines and
Recommendations
OIE Member demands grew because of:
Increasing concerns of consumers and public
authorities over food safety
Intensification of world trade
Wider use of risk analysis concept
Increased speed in information transmission
Rapid acceleration in the impact of scientific and
technological progress
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OIE Standards, Guidelines and
Recommendations
Recognition by the SPS Agreement of the World
Trade Organization as international points of
reference:
Diagnostics tests (Manuals)
Disease free areas
Surveillance (Codes)
Disease control measures (Codes)
OIE Expertise of Reference
Laboratories and Collaborating
Centres
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OIE Expertise
It was necessary to strengthen the
OIE’s expertise capabilities to
respond even more effectively to the
requirements of its Members
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1991: a network is born
In response to a questionnaire, the Biological
Standards Commission select 75 laboratories to
be proposed for designation by the International
Committee as OIE Reference Laboratories and
one to be proposed as OIE Collaborating Centre
Laboratories for diseases of aquatic animals
were designated later
In 1993 official mandates and rules were
formally adopted
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1991: a network is born
A network of expertise that could provide advice and aid on, for example:
technical and scientific matters
the basis for the setting of international standards
International points of reference for disease diagnosis, prevention and control
Constitutes the central core of the OIE’s scientific excellence
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OIE Reference Laboratories and Experts
Must fulfil the role of centres of expertise and standardisation of methodology in their particular disease
Centres for data processing, standardisation of diagnostic protocols, preparation and distribution of reference reagents, research, technical consultation and training
The Expert should be a leading and active researcher
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OIE Collaborating Centres
Cover a specialised sphere of activities rather than a given animal disease
Activities are global in coverage
A large part of their work is of particular help to developing countries
Not necessarily laboratory based
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OIE Reference Laboratories &
Collaborating Centres
OIE is committed to:
expanding and strengthening this network of expertise
creating synergy so as to continue to meet the emerging challenges in a globalising world
All participating institutions in the network must share a common vision and regularly communicate
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Reference Laboratories – activities 2010
99%
89%78%
66%
89%
71%
84%
75%
57%
28%
65%
88%
0%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
Tes
t(s)
in u
se/o
r av
aila
ble
fo
r th
e sp
ecif
ied
dis
ease
Pro
du
ctio
n a
nd
dis
trib
uti
on
of
dia
gn
ost
ic r
eag
ents
Inte
rnat
ion
al
har
mo
nis
atio
n/s
tan
dar
dis
atio
n o
f m
eth
od
s
Pre
par
atio
n a
nd
su
pp
ly o
f in
tern
atio
nal
ref
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ce s
tan
dar
ds
Res
earc
h a
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dev
elo
pm
ent
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new
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res
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llect
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, an
alys
is a
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atio
n o
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izo
oti
olo
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al
dat
a
Pro
visi
on
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ant
exp
erti
se
Pro
visi
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of
scie
nti
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and
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ical
tr
ain
ing
Pro
visi
on
of
dia
gn
ost
ic t
esti
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fa
cilit
ies
Org
anis
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n o
f in
tern
atio
nal
sc
ien
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s
Par
tici
pat
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in in
tern
atio
nal
sc
ien
tifi
c co
llab
ora
tive
stu
die
s
Pre
sen
tati
on
s an
d p
ub
licat
ion
s
Insc
rip
tio
n o
f d
iag
no
stic
kit
s o
n t
he
OIE
Reg
iste
r
po
urc
en
tag
e
Activities
Percentage of Laboratories carrying out these activities
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Collaborating Centres – activities 2010
96%
73%
88% 88%
24%
85%
85%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
Act
ivit
ies
as a
cen
tre
of
rese
arch
, exp
erti
se, s
tan
dar
dis
atio
n a
nd
d
isse
min
atio
n o
f te
chn
iqu
es
Pro
po
sal o
r d
evel
op
men
t o
f an
y p
roce
du
re
that
will
fac
ilita
te h
arm
on
isat
ion
of
inte
rnat
ion
al r
egu
lati
on
s ap
plic
able
to
th
e su
rvei
llan
ce a
nd
co
ntr
ol o
f an
imal
d
isea
ses,
fo
od
saf
ety
or
anim
al w
elfa
re
Pla
cem
ent
of
exp
ert
con
sult
ants
at
the
dis
po
sal o
f th
e O
IE
Pro
visi
on
of
scie
nti
fic
and
tec
hn
ical
tr
ain
ing
wit
hin
to
per
son
nel
fro
m O
IE
Mem
ber
Co
un
trie
s an
d T
erri
tori
es
Org
anis
atio
n o
f sc
ien
tifi
c m
eeti
ng
s o
n
beh
alf
of
the
OIE
Co
ord
inat
ion
of
scie
nti
fic
and
tec
hn
ical
st
ud
ies
in c
olla
bo
rati
on
wit
h o
ther
la
bo
rato
ries
or
org
anis
atio
ns
Pu
blic
atio
n a
nd
dis
sem
inat
ion
of
any
info
rmat
ion
th
at m
ay b
e u
sefu
l to
OIE
M
emb
er C
ou
ntr
ies
and
Ter
rito
ries
po
urc
en
tag
e
Activities
Percentage of Collaborating Centres carrying out these activities
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Reference
Laboratories
Collaborating
Centres Total
Number 225 40 265
Countries 37 21 42*
Diseases/
Topics111 38 149
Experts 166 40 206
Summary of the number of OIE Reference
Laboratories and Collaborating Centres (May 2011)
*Countries hosting both labs and Centres are not counted twice
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Regional Commission for Africa
Country
Number of
Reference
Laboratories
Number of
Collaborating Centres
Botswana 1 –
Morocco 1 –
Senegal 1 1
South Africa 8 2
4 Countries 11 Laboratories 3 Centres
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Regional Commission for Europe
Country Number of Reference
Laboratories
Number of Collaborating
Centres
Austria – 1
Belgium 2 1
Czech Republic 2 –
Denmark 1 1
Finland 1 –
France 20 3
Germany 13 1
Ireland 1 –
Israel 1 –
Italy 11 3
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Regional Commission for Europe (cont.)
Country Number of Reference
Laboratories
Number of Collaborating
Centres
Netherlands 5 –
Norway 2 1 (shared with Canada)
Poland 3 –
Portugal 1 –
Russia 3 2
Spain 2 –
Sweden 1 1
Switzerland 3 –
United Kingdom 33 1
19 Countries 105 Laboratories 15 Centres
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Regional Commission for the Middle East
Country Number of Reference
Laboratories
Number of Collaborating
Centres
Iran 1 –
United Arab Emirates 2 –
2 Countries 3 Laboratories 0 Centre
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Diseases for which there is no
OIE Reference Laboratory (May 2011)
Multiple species diseases
Epizootic haemorrhagic disease
Japanese encephalitis
Old world screwworm(Chrysomya bezziana)
Q fever
Cattle diseases
Haemorrhagic septicaemia
Trichomonosis
Sheep and goat diseases
Nairobi sheep disease
Swine diseases
Porcine cysticercosis
Avian diseases
Avian infectious bronchitis
Avian infectious laryngotracheitis
Duck virus hepatitis
Fowl cholera
Fowl typhoid
Pullorum disease
Lagomorph diseases
Myxomatosis
Other diseases
Leishmaniosis
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• Terrestrial animal disease diagnosis• Biotechnology
• Veterinary medicinal products
• Vaccines
Biological Standards Commission
• Food and feed safety
• Animal welfare • Legislation
• Veterinary education
Terrestrial Animal Health Commission
• Terrestrial animal disease control
• Epidemiology, Surveillance, Risk assessment
• Zoonosis
• Wildlife
Scientific Commission for Animal Diseases
• Aquatic animal disease control• Aquatic animal disease diagnosis
Aquatic Animal Health Commission
Application for Collaborating Centre status received by DG from Delegate
Dossier number assigned and logged (Scientific and Technical Department oversees the whole process)
Opinion Sought from the most relevant Specialist Commission (or Working Group, if needed) (specialty listing below, not exhaustive)
Application referred to corresponding Regional Commission (only for Collaborating Centres)
WG Animal Welfare
WG Food Safety
WG Wildlife Diseases
OIE Council
World Assembly
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Programme de jumelages
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Twinning
Each project is a link between an OIE
Reference Laboratory or Collaborating
Centre (‘parent’) and a national laboratory
wishing to improve capacity and expertise
(‘candidate’) for an OIE listed disease or
sphere of competence
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Prerequisites
Parent must be an OIE Reference Laboratory or Collaborating Centre
Candidate must have potential to provide support
Project needs full support of Veterinary Services
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Aims and objectives - networking
Provide better global geographical coverage ofOIE expertise for priority diseases in priorityareas
To form long and lasting links between theinstitutes
Strengthen global disease surveillancenetworks
Strengthen national, regional, and internationalscientific networks
Create collaborative research opportunities -improve sharing, and advance science
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Aims and objectives - expertise
Improve compliance with OIE standards
(surveillance and control)
Improve access to high quality diagnostics
and technical assistance for more OIE
Members
For some Candidates to apply for ‘OIE
reference’ status
Help more countries enter scientific debate
on an equal footing with others
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The twinning project is just the start….
Engaging with the international scientific
community
Engaging with regional and global networks
Supporting neighbour countries
Pursuing opportunities for joint research
Applying for OIE Reference Laboratory status
when ready
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A young programme
Concept launched at 1st OIE RL/CC Conference inFlorianopolis in Dec ‘06
OIE Resolution adopted in May ‘07
Twinning manual published in Dec ‘07
Inaugural project starts in Feb ’08
First project completed Sept ‘09
Today 3 projects complete, 30 projects underway,at least 10 others in the pipeline
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Reviewing the programme
Annual reports
Visits and assessments
Feed back
OIE Administrative Commission, Biological Standards
Commission, Aquatic Animal Health Commission,
Workshops and questionnaires
Talking with experts
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Changes
Parent and Candidate ‘networks’
Greater complementarity with other capacitybuilding initiatives
Funding for complementary needs not within thescope of twinning
Guidance on multiple projects in the samelaboratory/ institute
OIE Laboratory Twinning without OIE financialsupport
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OIE support
For exchange of knowledge, experience and
expertise
Costs of travel, workshops, training materials
Not laboratory hardware or consultancy fees
Costs directly related to objectives of the
twinning project
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The application process
Expression of interest (Parent, Candidate, or both)
Initial feedback from OIE
Draft proposal (template provided)
Comments from one of the OIE Standards Commissions (Aquatic or Biological)
OIE clears administrative aspects
Signed letters of support from OIE Delegate and Laboratory Directors
Contract signed and project starts
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Twinning feedback workshop
(March 2011)
Candidate Labs must be able to send/receivesamples and reagents
Pre-twinning meetings and assessments areuseful
OIE Regional/Sub-regional representationsshould promote more twinnings, and the profileand visibility of Candidate Labs
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Candidate Labs in the ‘transition phase’ should be
recognised in the region so that they can provide
technical advice and diagnostic services to other
countries
Veterinary Services must be committed to the long
term support of the Candidate Lab
Twinning feedback workshop
(March 2011)
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Twinning to achieve better
geographical balance
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43
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Twinning global view
3 projects complete; 29 underway; 6 approved and to start
Europe 4 Candidate labs
Americas 8 Candidate labs
Africa 17 Candidate labs
Middle East 5 Candidate labs
Asia-Pacific 10 Candidate labs
Most popular disease topics - AI/ND (10), brucellosis (4), rabies (3)
Subjects – food safety, veterinary medicinal products, epidemiology
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Europe
AI/ND; Italy with Russia (completed)
Brucellosis; UK with Turkey
Rabies; Germany with Turkey
ASF; Spain with Russia
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Middle East
Brucellosis; UK with Turkey
AI/ND; Germany with Egypt
Rabies; Germany with Turkey
Brucellosis; UK with Sudan
AI/ND; Italy with Qatar (pending)
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AfricaCBPP; Italy with Botswana (completed)
AI/ND; UK with Botswana and South Africa
AI/ND; Germany with Egypt
Brucellosis; Italy with Eritrea
Bluetongue + AHS; UK with Morocco
Brucellosis; UK with Sudan
Food safety; Italy with Namibia
Ovine chlamydiosis; Switzerland with Namibia
Trichinella; Italy with Botswana
Bluetongue; Italy with Tunisia
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Africa
Veterinary Medicinal Products; France with Senegal
Rabies; South Africa with Nigeria
Improved diagnostic capacity; UK with Uganda
Food safety; Italy with Tunisia (approved)
EUS; Thailand with Zambia (approved)
African Trypanosomiasis; France with Burkina Faso
(approved)
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Péri-
Pneumonie
Contagieuse
Bovine
IZS A&M
Teramo
ITALIE
BNVL
Gaborone
BOTSWANA
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Influenza
Aviaire
Hautement
Pathogène
UK > Botswana
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UK > Botswana
UK > Afrique du Sud
Influenza
Aviaire
Hautement
Pathogène
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Influenza
Aviaire
Hautement
Pathogène
UK > Botswana
UK > Afrique du Sud
Allemagne > Egypte
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Brucellose
Italie > Erythrée
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Italie > Erythrée
UK > Soudan
Brucellose
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Fièvre
Catarrhale
du Mouton
et Peste
Equine
UK > Maroc
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Produits
vétérinaires
France > Sénégal
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Rage
Afrique du Sud > Nigeria
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Capacité
diagnostic
améliorée
UK > Ouganda
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Trichinellose
Italie > Botswana
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Suisse > Namibie
Chlamydiose
ovine
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Italie > Namibie
Sécurité
sanitaire
des aliments
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Italie > Namibie
Italie > Tunisie
Sécurité
sanitaire
des aliments
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France > Burkina Faso
Trypanosomose
Animale
Africaine
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“twinning” : progress in Africa (2009)
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Syndrome
Ulcératif
Epizootique
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Fièvre
Catarrhale
du Moutondans la
Meditérranée
IRAL
LIBAN
IZS A&M
ITALIE
INMV
ALGERIE
IRVT
TUNISIE
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Eradication mondiale de la peste bovine
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Merci de votre
aimable
attention !