1. Air Traffic ControlCommunication 2000, 2001 Flight Safety Foundation

2. CFIT and ALAR Task Forces CFIT Steering Committee andWorking Groups Flight Safety Foundation ALAR 3. Flight Safety Foundation (FSF)ALAR Task Force Organization Data Acquisition and Analysis Working Group Operations andTraining Working Group Aircraft EquipmentWorking Group Air Traffic Control Training and Procedures/Airport Facilities Working Group FSF CFIT/ALARAction Group (CAAG) Approximately 125 aviation safety specialists are involved worldwide. SteeringCommittee 4. ALAR Objectives

To reduce the approach-and-landing accident (ALA) rate by 50% within 5 years of issuing final recommendations in 1999.

To identify equipment, operational, regulatory and training measures that will improve safety for aircraft from commencement of approach through circling, landing or missed approach.

5. Statistics forApproach-and-landing Accidents (ALAs)

56% of Western-built large commercial jet accidents are ALAs.

Approximately 50% of fatalities are the result of Western-built large commercial jet ALAs.

By 2010, the task force estimates 23 Western-built large commercial jet fatal accidents will occur annually.

Controlled-flight-into-terrain (CFIT) accidents are not showing a downward trend.

6. ALAR Data-driven Strategy

High-level analyses of287 accidents

In-depth study of 76 incidents and accidents

Line observations on 3,300 U.S. flights

All conclusions supported by data

7. Most Common Types ofApproach-and-landing Accidents

CFIT

Loss of control

Landing overrun

Runway excursion

Unstabilized approach

These comprised 76 percent of the sample. 8. Photo by Jan Ovind 9. Factors in UnstabilizedApproaches andMissed Approaches

42% involved press-on-itis.

36% were low and/or slow on approach.

30% were high and/or fast on approach.

Only 17% of crews initiated go-arounds.

10. Photo by Dr. David Powell 11. How Is ATC Involved?

ATC instruction/advice/service was a causal factor in 33% of ALAs and serious incidents.

12. Pilot-Controller Communication

Improving communication and mutual understanding between controllers and pilots of each others operational environment will improve approach-and-landing safety.

13. Improving Pilot-Controller Communication

Improve knowledge of modern flight decksand operational requirements.

Discuss specific problems and work toresolve them.

14. Joint Pilot-Controller Programs

Germany: Lufthansa and Frankfurt ATC

USA: US Airways and Charlotte, N.C. ATC

Netherlands: KLM and Amsterdam ATC

15. US Airways Experience

Mutual training/discussion sessions between pilots and controllers (US Airways and Charlotte ATC)

Focus on effective communication, operational procedures, error management, workload and team building

16. Tragedy Leads to Improvements

Aircraft Emergency and the Role of ATC

Flight simulator sessions for controllers

Joint meetings of pilots and controllers

17. Flight Simulator Sessions For Controllers

Promote the understanding of limitations, workload andoperational requirements of pilots during unusual situations.

18. Use ICAO Standard Phraseology

Pilots experiencing unusual situations should inform ATC:

• Pan, Pan

• or

• Mayday

Controllers who hearPan, PanorMaydayshould respond by using ASSIST.

19. Controllers: Use ASSISTto Respond to aMaydayorPan, Pan . A S S I S T cknowledge eparate ilence nform upport ime Allow pilots sufficient time to work on their problem! Give maximum supportto the flight crew! Inform your supervisor and other involved sectors, units andairports! Impose silence on your radiofrequency, if necessary. Dont disturb urgent pilot actions by unnecessary transmissions! Dont forget to establish/maintain separation with other aircraft and terrain! Make sure you understandand acknowledge the nature of the emergency! 20. ALAR Tool Kit

Flight Safety Digest:ALAR Briefing Notes

Flight Safety Digest:Killers in Aviation: FSF Task Force Presents Facts About Approach-and-landing and Controlled-flight-into-terrain Accidents

FSF ALAR Task Force Conclusions and Recommendations

FSF ALAR Task Force Members

Selected FSF Publications

Approach-and-landing Risk Awareness Tool

Approach-and-landing Risk Reduction Guide

Standard Operating Procedures Template

ALAR Information Posters

CFIT Checklist

CFIT Alert

Flight Operations and Training

Equipment for Aircraft and Air Traffic Control

Air Traffic Control Communication

Pilot Guide to Preventing CFIT

Approach-and-landing Accident Data Overview

An Approach and Landing Accident: It Could Happen to You

CFIT Awareness and Prevention

Links to Aviation Statistics on the Internet

21. More information? Flight Safety Foundation Suite 300, 601 Madison Street Alexandria, VA 22314-1756 U.S. Telephone: +1 (703) 739-6700Fax: +1 (703) 739-6708 www.flightsafety.org 22. This is a self-contained product of the Flight Safety Foundation Approach-and-landing Accident Reduction (ALAR) Task Force and includes avariety of information to help prevent approach-and-landing accidents, including those involving controlled flight into terrain (CFIT). This information is not intended to supersede operators/manufacturers policies, practices or requirements,or to supersede government regulations.In the interest of aviation safety, the contents of the FSFALAR Tool Kitmay be displayed, printed, photocopied and/ordistributed on paper for noncommercial use. Except as specifically permitted above, the contents must not be offered for saledirectly or indirectly, used commercially, distributed on the Internet and/or on any other electronic media withoutthe prior written permission of Flight Safety Foundation. All uses of the FSFALAR Tool Kitmust credit Flight Safety Foundation. Contact Roger Rozelle, director of publications, for more information. 2000, 2001 Flight Safety Foundation (official release v. 3.0) Flight Safety Foundation Suite 300, 601 Madison Street, Alexandria, Virginia 22314-1756 U.S. Telephone: +1 (703) 739-6700; Fax: +1 (703) 739-6708 http://www.flightsafety.org