Current Civil RPAS Operations – Where are we going?

On recommendation of ICAO, and in compliance with the terminology of the European RPAS Roadmap, the terms Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA) & Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS) are used in this presentation [instead of Unmanned Aircraft (UA) & Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS) & Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) & drone].

RPA & RPAS are invariant – Singular = Plural.

© Blyenburgh Page: 1/32

Peter van Blyenburgh

President - UVS International, The Netherlands Member - ICAO RPAS Panel

Member – European Commission’s European RPAS Steering Group

19 Sept. 2014

ATC GLOBAL 2014 Beijing, China – 15 Sept. 2014

UVS INTERNATIONAL

A non-profit association registered in The Netherlands & operating out of offices in Paris, France. Federates 12 national RPAS associations and individual RPAS manufacturers & operators from 42 countries representing over 1000 companies & organisations. Is strongly involved with the creation of RPAS-related rules & regulations at national, European (European RPAS Roadmap) & international (ICAO RPAS Panel) level. Has been infacing with the RPAS community in China since 2008.

© Blyenburgh Page: 2/32 19 Sept. 2014

What we ARE talking about

What we are NOT talking about?

Aerial Operations

Regulatory Responsibility

RPAS Regulations

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

European RPAS Roadmap 8

RPAS Certification

Terms & Information Sources

RPAS – All Sizes & Shapes

Page: 3/32

0

19Sept. 2014 © Blyenburgh

Where is the EU Going 9

Explanation of Terms

Certification Any form of recognition that a product, part or appliance, organisation or person complies with the applicable requirements, including the provisions of this regulation and its implementing rules, as well as the issuance of the relevant certificate attesting such compliance (EASA Basic Reg. Art. 3).

(The term “Certification” is used because there is no internationally agreed understanding of the meaning of the terms “Authorized” & “Approved”)

Civil RPAS Applications Commercial & non-commercial aerial work (Specialised Operations).

National Aviation Authority NAA of each of the 28 European Union (EU) Member States is responsible in its country for rulemaking, certification & operational approval of:

- Civil RPAS with a MTOM <150 kg - Civil RPAS flight crews (pilots) - Civil RPAS operators employing the flight crews

Operations Facilitated Permits to Fly are granted by NAA, based on specific national rules, and possibly on a case-to-case exemption basis (also in countries where no national regulation exists).

Qualified Entity (QE) Entity to which a specific certification task has been allocated by the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) or a NAA (and is then not necessarily compliant with EC Regulation No 216/2008).

RPAS A set of configurable elements consisting of a remotely piloted aircraft, its associated remote pilot station(s), the required command and control links and any other system elements as may be required, at any point during flight operation (ICAO Circular 328).

RPAS Operator Person, organization or enterprise engaged in or offering to engage in an RPAS operation (ICAO Circular 328).

Industry Enterprise with > 250 employees & annual turnover of > Euro 50 million

Small & Medium Enterprise (SME) Enterprise with < 250 employees & annual turnover of < Euro 50 million

Used in this presentation

Page: 4/32 19 Sept. 2014 © Blyenburgh

Information Sources

Used to prepare this presentation

The information & data contained in this document have been obtained from:

European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) EUROCONTROL

Joint Authorities for Rulemaking on Unmanned Systems (JARUS) Ministries of Transport

Various National Aviation Authorities (NAA) NAA web sites Qualified Entities

National Associations – International RPAS Coordination Council (Australia, Austria, Belgium, Botswana, France, Germany, Italy, Namibia, The Netherlands,

Norway, Romania, South Africa, Spain, UK) National Working Groups

(Denmark, Russian Fed.)

UVS International thanks the contributors for their cooperation.

This document does not imply that the views expressed in it represent the views of the aforementioned organisations.

Page: 5/32 19 Sept. 2014 © Blyenburgh

We are NOT Talking About

Flying objects used for RECREATIONAL purposes in conformity with the applicable national regulations

Parrot, France - AR Drone 2

ProxFlyer Norway

Bladerunner

Model Aircraft (<20-25 kg & >20/25 & <150kg)

Very Large Model Aircraft (> 150 kg)

Toys

Interactive Toy Concepts, China

Vamp – Flying

Bat

Page: 6/32 19 Sept. 2014 © Blyenburgh

Air

craf

t

Lighter than

Air (LtA)

Non power driven

Free balloon Captive balloon

Power-driven Airships

Heavier than

Air (HtA)

Non power driven

Glider Kite

Power-driven

Aeroplane Landplane Seaplane Amphibian

Rotorcraft Gyroplane Helicopter

Ornithopter

NOTE: Toy aircraft & model aircraft are indeed …. Aircraft !!!

What we ARE talking about - 1

Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS)

The key word: Aircraft

Page: 7/32 19 Sept. 2014 © Blyenburgh

RPAS RPA Payload Pilot Station Data Link (Launcher)

Airframe Types LtA Power Driven Airships

HtA Power Driven Aeroplane Rotorcraft Ornithopter

Aircraft Types RPA OPA (Optionally Piloted A/C) CPA (Converted Piloted A/C

Take-off Mass 17 gr - 14.630 kg (incl. fuel) (currently operational RPA)

Flight Control Manual Automatic Manual & Automatic VFR IFR

Command & VLOS E-VLOS VLL BVLOS (alt. <500 ft) RLOS BRLOS Control alt. <500 ft alt. <500 ft BVLOS (alt. >500 ft) (Relay & Satellite)

What we ARE talking about - 2

Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS)

The key word: Aircraft

3 Key Principles: Viable Business Case = Affordable Flight Hour Cost

Societal Benefits Job Creation

Page: 8/32 19 Sept. 2014 © Blyenburgh

Aircraft MTOM < 150 kg > 150 kg

Initial Law National rules EASA (Policy 2009 – Part 21)

RPAS National rules EASA (not yet available )

Operator Certificate National rules EASA (not yet available)

Remote Pilot Certificate National rules EASA (not yet available)

Nat. Flight Authorisation National rules National rules

Internat. Flight Author. Amendment 43 Amendment 43

State Missions National rules National rules

Public EC Missions National rules ? EASA ?

Not Harmonised = To Chicago Convention Annex 2 Applicable since 12 Nov 2012 Basis for EASA’s NPA 2013-10

= Transporting an RPAS in a car from one country to another to operate it there, is an international flight

EU Regulatory Responsibility

Page: 9/32 19 Sept. 2014 © Blyenburgh

Selex ES, Italy - Sky X & Sky Y

Neuron Consortium, Europe – nEUROn RUAG, Switzerland & IAI-Malat, Israel ADS-Ranger

Thales, UK (U-TACS) – Watchkeeper EADS DS, France & IAI-Malat, Israel – Harfung

EuroHawk, Germany – EuroHawk (Northrop Grumman & Airbus D&S/EADS

Deutschland)

Fixed Wing RPA

MTOM

> 150 kg

Airbus D&S (EADS Cassidian), Germany – Talarion Sagem, France - Patroller

CPA

© SIRPA

Page: 10/32 19 Sept. 2014 © Blyenburgh

Aurora Flight Sciences, USA – Centaur Boeing, USA – Phantom Eye

Boeing, USA – Phantom Ray

Israel Aerospace Industries, Israel – Heron TP

Northrop Grumman, USA – Global Hawk Northrop Grumman, USA – FireBird

Fixed Wing

RPA

MTOM

> 150 kg

General Atomics ASI, USA – Predator General Atomics ASI, USA – Reaper

OPA

OPA

Page: 11/32 19 Sept. 2014 © Blyenburgh

Northrop Grumman, USA – Fire X Boeing, USA – A160 Hummingbird

KARI, South Korea – SmartUAV

Saab, Sweden – Skeldar

Indra Sistemas, Spain – Pelicano

LuxCopter, Luxembourg – LuxCopter

Airbus D&S (EADS Cassidian(, France – Tanan

Schiebel, Austria – Camcopter S-100

Rotary Wing

RPA

MTOM > 150 kg

Page: 12/32 19 Sept. 2014 © Blyenburgh

Swiss UAV, Switzerland - Koax X240

Rotary Wing

RPA

MTOM

< 150 kg

Yamaha Motor, Japan – R-Max

Delft Dynamics, Netherlands – RH2 Stern

HighEye, Netherlands – Chanachopper

Flying-Cam, Belgium – Sarah

ECA - Infotron, France - IT 180

CybAero, Sweden - APID

SurveyCopter, France – Copter 4

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Flying Robots, Switzerland – Swan

Gatewing, Belgium – X100

AeroVironment, USA – Raven

Novadem (for COFICE), France - Helicofice

Skive Aviation, Switzerland – ADS-12 Insitu, Inc, USA – ScanEagle

(Boeing, USA) SmartPlanes, Sweden – SmartPlane

Various

Airframe Types

All but one < 25 kg

Page: 14/32 19 Sept. 2014 © Blyenburgh

Aermatica, Italy – Anteos 1st Permit-to-Fly in Italy

Mikrokopter, Germany - Oktocopter

Draganfly, Canada – Draganflyer X6 Microdrones, Germany – MD4-200

Aeryon, Canada - Scout

AirRobot, Germany – AR120

IAI-Malat, Israel - Ghost AeroVironment, USA – Qube

Multi-Rotor

RPA

MTOM

< 5 kg

Page: 15/32 19 Sept. 2014 © Blyenburgh

Clear Flight Solutions, Netherlands – Robird (developed for scaring birds away from airports)

ProxDynamics, Norway – Black Hornet (17 gr. - In service with UK forces in Afghanistan)

AeroVironment, USA – Hummingbird (proof-of-concept demonstrator)

AAI Corp., USA – Aerosonde (crossed the Atlantic on 5 kg of fuel)

TU Delft, Netherlands – Delfly (proof-of-concept demonstrator)

UAVFactory, Latvia – Penguin B (54 hours flight endurance)

Astounding Technological Achievements

Small

IS

Beautiful

Page: 16/32 19 Sept. 2014 © Blyenburgh

Commercial RPAS Industrial Community

Systems Design, Manufacturing, Integration

Manufacturer/Operator

Operator

Research & Testing

Qualified Entity

Education/Training

Other Services

Sub-Systems

Components

Pilot Training

Maintenance Training

Payload Usage Training

Operator Training

Aerial Work

Aerial Work

Assessment

Remote Pilot Training

Maintenance Training

Payload Usage Training

Other

Ind. SME

M A N U F A C U R I N G

S E R V I C E S

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Services supplied by producers to

buyers of their own products

19 Sept. 2014

Major

Growth

Is

Here

Yes

© Blyenburgh Page: 17/32

M U T U A L I Z A T I O N

Not State Flights Civil Protection Incl. Safety related Fire Fighters National Mapping Agencies

State Flights Police Security related Customs Border Guards Coast Guard

Military Governmental

Non-Governmental

Non-Military

General Aviation Corporate Operations Flight Training / Instruction Pleasure

Commercial Air Transport Scheduled Air Service (Transport of Persons & Freight) Non-scheduled Revenue Operations Non-revue Operations

RPAS Ops

Public European Union Flights on behalf of a public EU agency (without national oversight)

Aerial Operations

Commercial Non-Commercial (incl. Corporate Operations)

Training / Instruction

Other Miscellaneous

Aerial Work / Specialized Operations

Object

of this

presentation

N O N

M I L I T A R Y

R P A S

O P S

RPAS - Current & Potential Usage

Page: 18/32 19 Sept. 2014 © Blyenburgh

Civil RPAS Aerial Operations

- Duo (student instruction by licensed pilot) - Solo (unaided student flight) - Check (qualification verification of pilot license holder)

Flight Training / Instruction (Private & Commercial)

Other Miscellaneous (Private & Commercial)

- Aerial Advertising - Aerial Inspection - Aerial Monitoring - Aerial Observation & Surveillance - Aerial Patrol & Spotting - Aerial Photography, Video, Cinema - Aerial Survey & Mapping (Photogrammetry) - Aerial Spraying & Dispensing - Research & Scientific - Aerial Search & Rescue Assistance

- Test / Experimental - Demonstration - Ferry / Positioning - Air Show / Race

Aerial Work - Commercial & Non-Commercial (Including Corporate Operations)

Inspection: Examination with the intent to find faults, errors, problems, malfunctions or specific phenomena. Monitoring: Observation on a regular basis over a period of time. Observation: Examination of an activity, person, group, area or phenomena. Patrol: Searching for a specific activity, person, group or phenomena. Spotting: Looking for & noting geographical coordinates of an object or activity or phenomena. Surveillance: Close observation of an activity, person, group, area or phenomena. Survey: Detailed inspection of a geo-referenced section of the earth’s surface (incl. structures) with the purpose

to study or measure altitudes, angles, distances, phenomena on the land & the structures flown over.

© Blyenburgh Page: 19/32 19 Sept. 2014

LEGAL Civil RPAS Aerial Operations

1) The RPAS (RPA & Remote Pilot Station) are to be certificated or approved by the NAA (National Aviation Authority) of the country where the operation takes place [or certificated or approved by a RA (Regional Authority) to which this responsibility has been delegated by the NAA (e.g. German Länder)];

2) The RPAS certification or approval is to cover all system constituents necessary for command & control (e.g. transceivers) installed on board the RPA or on the ground, and under direct management of the Operator;

3) The Command & Control link to be provided by a Communications Service Provider (COM SP) is to be certificated or approved by the NAA or a RA of the country where the operation takes place;

4) The Remote Pilot (RP) is to be licensed by the NAA of the country where the operation takes place;

5) The Operator is to be certificated by the NAA of the country where the operation takes place.

6) The Operator is to possess the obligatory third party liability insurance (which may vary in function of the type of operation) – Minimum liability in EU: € 860 000.

19 Sept. 2014 © Blyenburgh Page: 20/32

Austria

Belgium

Bulgaria

Croatia

Cyprus

Czech Rep.

Estonia

Denmark

Finland

France

Germany

Greece

Hungary

Ireland

RPAS REGULATION IN EU - I

In Place

VLOS

BLOS

VLOS

VLOS

VLOS

VLOS

VLOS

VLOS & BLOS

VLOS

< 150 kg

< 150 kg

< 150 kg

< 25 kg

< 25 kg

< 150 kg

< 20 kg

VLOS < 150 kg

Update reg. expected in 2014

VLOS < 150 kg

Finalised , but not in force

Reg. expected mid 2014

In Preparation

BLOS

Ops Facil.

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Page: 21/32

UK QE Recognized

19 Sept. 2014 © Blyenburgh

Italy

Latvia

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Malta

Netherlands

Portugal

Poland

Romania

Slovakia

Slovenia

Spain

Sweden

UK

RPAS REGULATION IN EU - II

In Place

VLOS

VLOS

VLOS

VLOS

< 25 kg

< 25 kg

< 20 kg

< 25 kg

< 150 kg

<150 kg

< 150 kg

VLOS 20 kg =

Without fuel, but with battery

VLOS

VLOS

In Preparation

< 150 kg VLOS BLOS

< 150 kg Expected May 2014

VLOS < 25 kg

VLOS

Ops Facil.

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes Page: 22/32

QE Appointed

QE Appointed

UK QE Recognized

QE Being Considered

Exemption based

19 Sept. 2014

Yes

QE Appointed

© Blyenburgh

Iceland

Norway

Switzerland

RPAS REGULATION – III (Non-EU)

In Place In Preparation

< 150 kg Expected in 2014

Directive on VLOS operations over people

Expected in 2014

BLOS VLOS BLOS VLOS Rating Rating

BLOS VLOS Yes

Yes

Model aircraft rules apply

Ops Facil.

Page: 23/32 19 Sept. 2014

Yes

© Blyenburgh

RPAS (< 150 kg) REGULATION

In Place In Preparation

EU

Non-EU

12 8

Total Europe 12 3 9

BLOS VLOS

3

1

QUANTITY COUNTRIES

Anticipated 2014

BLOS VLOS

17

18

1

3

BLOS VLOS

Rest of the world 7 3 7 3

Australia Brazil

Canada Colombia

Israel Japan

New Zealand South Africa South Korea

Russian Fed. Turkey

Ukraine USA

Yes -

Yes Yes Yes Yes

- -

Yes - -

Yes -

Yes - -

Yes Yes

- - - - - - - -

NA Yes NA NA NA NA Yes Yes

? Yes Yes Yes Yes

NA - -

NA NA Yes

? - ? -

Yes -

Yes

NA = Not applicable

CASR Part 1 (2002) Being Amended Recent NPRM proposed de-regulation of RPAS with MTOM < 2 kg

Page: 24/32 19 Sept. 2014

COAs – No commercial ops

7 3

© Blyenburgh

Current Situation

19 Sept. 2014

Status on 140915

Qnty

Countries & overseas territories referenced (grouped in geographical reference areas) 265 Countries referenced 228 Overseas territories referenced 37 National Civil Aviation Administration (NCAA) web sites referenced (+ CAAs in 16 DE Länder) 212

ICAO Member States 191

JARUS Members (quantity of NCAAs) 23

Civil RPAS Operations have taken place in (quantity of countries) 133

Humanitarian RPAS operations have taken place (quantity of countries) 9

NCAA facilitates Civil RPAS operations (quantity of countries) 29

RPAS Provision in Air Navigation Act (quantity of countries) 14

RPAS-related Rules, Information Bulletin, Advisory Circular (quantity of countries) 21

RPAS Regulation in place (quantity of countries) 18

RPAS Regulation in preparation (quantity of countries) 40

RPAS Regulation update in preparation (quantity of countries) 9 Geographical reference areas used: Africa, Asia, Australasia, Caribbean, Central America, Europe, Europe (EU-affiliated), European Union (EU), Middle East, North America, South America 11

© Blyenburgh Page: 25/32

Austria

Belgium

Bulgaria

Croatia

Cyprus

Czech Rep.

Estonia

Denmark

Finland

France

Germany

Greece

Hungary

Ireland

CERTIFICATION IN EU - I

Operator

10

Pilot Producer RPAS

300

24 29 31

13

33

750

12

45

QUANTITY

103

Regulation in place

Regulation in preparation

Certification: as per definition on

slide 2

Est

Ass. Mbrs

30

150

40

255

68

Page: 26/32

1

19 Sept. 2014 © Blyenburgh

CERTIFICATION IN EU - II

Operator

1

Pilot Producer RPAS

13 30

212

Italy

Latvia

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Malta

Netherlands

Portugal

Poland

Romania

Slovakia

Slovenia

Spain

Sweden

UK

216

QUANTITY

Regulation in place

Regulation in preparation

Certification: as per definition on

slide 2

1

1

1

Ass. Mbrs

70

70

28

60

80

Page: 27/32 19 Sept. 2014 © Blyenburgh

CERTIFICATION – III (Non-EU)

Operator Pilot Producer RPAS

Iceland

Norway

Switzerland

76

QUANTITY

Regulation in place

Regulation in preparation

Certification: as per definition on

slide 2

220

Page: 28/32 19 Sept. 2014 © Blyenburgh

CERTIFICATION

Operator Pilot Producer RPAS

EU

Non-EU

1522 59 73 103

76

Total Europe 1810 59 73 103

QUANTITY COUNTRIES

If the estimated quantity of operators in Germany is included

Rest of the world 2262 14000 30 31

Australia Canada

Israel Japan

South Korea

100 60 2

2000 130

? ? ?

14 000 130

Certification: as per definition

on slide 2

27 Approved Pilot Training Schools in Japan

Estimate

19 Sept. 2014

Ass. Mbrs

1071

© Blyenburgh Page: 29/32

EC UAS Panel

Euro RPAS Steering Group Co-chaired by DG ENTR & DG MOVE

DG Connect, DG Research, EASA, ECAC, EUROCONTROL, EDA, SESAR JU, JARUS, EUROCAE, ASD, ECA, EREA, UVS International

Foster the development of civil RPAS operations by planning & coordinating all activities necessary to achieve the safe & incremental integration of non-military RPAS into the European air traffic system, aiming at initial RPAS integration by 2016.

European RPAS Roadmap

Regulatory Approach

Strategic Research Plan

Societal Impact

1

2

3

EC Hearing on L-RPAS Oct ‘09

Survey on L-RPAS Oct ‘09

EC High Level Conference Jul ‘10

Jun ‘11 – Feb ‘12 4 Workshops

Jul ‘12 – Jun ‘13

Jun ‘13

Final Report

2016

Initial Incremental

RPAS Integration

All related documents, presentations, reports &

European RPAS Roadmap are available on

www.uvs-info.com See « European Matters » tab

European RPAS

Roadmap

Final Report

Presentations

Implementation Defintion

Phase Dec. 2014

Final Report

Page: 30/32

See: www.jarus-rpas.org

19 Sept. 2014 © Blyenburgh

JARUS (CS-LURS, 1309, ORG, etc.)

Density Population

Unpopulated (remonte

agricultural, over sea, or fenced off)

Lightly Populated

Highly Populated

COMMERCIAL & NON-COMMERCIAL OPERATIONS

Above > 500 ft AGL

Teth Teth VFR

BVLOS BRLOS RLOS

IFR

ICAO scope

Type Certificate Issued by

EASA

> 150 kg RPA MTOM

Flight Altitude

Flight

Declaration signed by RPAS Operator,

RPAS Safety Assessment,

Pilot Approval by accredited

Qualified Entity (contracted by the

Operator)

VLOS E VLOS

VLL BVLOS

Very Low Level < 500 ft

< 150 kg

Where the EU is Going

RPAS Operator Certificate Obligatory

Page: 31/32

International Flights

19 Sept. 2014

Type Certicate based on

« Common Rules » but issued by NAAs:

• Language • Proximity

• Fees

Proportionate Rules

© Blyenburgh

UVS INTERNATIONAL

86 rue Michel Ange - 2nd Building - 2nd Floor FR-75016 Paris

France

Tel.: 33-1-46.51.88.65 - Fax: 33-1-46.51.05.22

pvb@uvs-international.org - pvb@uvs-info.com

www.uvs-international.org - www.uvs-info.com - www.testranges.org www.uas-patents.org – www.rpas-regulations.com

Page: 32/32 15 Sept. 2014