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K‡ivbv I ivgvhvb A „k¨ K‡ivbv fvBiv‡mi f‡q AvZswKZ gvbyl w`wM¦w`K Ávbnviv n‡q QzU‡Q| miKvix-†emiKvix †Kvb wnmv‡eB Kv‡iv Av ’v †bB| mevB ARvbv AvksKvq welYœ e`‡b †¯”Qv jKWvD‡b e›`x Rxeb hvcb Ki‡Qb| Gwi g‡a¨ Avj−vn&i weavb Abyhvqx gv‡n ivgvhvb Avgv‡ì wbKU mgvMZ| GUv RMØvmxi Rb¨ mymsev` †h, me©Î GKUvbv QÕgvm w`b G‡m c‡owb ev m~h© gv_vi Dci `yÕgvB‡ji g‡a¨ G‡m c‡owb| GL‡bv evsjv‡`‡k loFZzi Avmv-hvIqv Pj‡Q| GL‡bv gvbyl mnbxq ZvcgvÎvi g‡a¨ emevm Ki‡Q| m~h©c„‡ôi 200 †KvwU fv‡Mi GKfvM ZvcgvÎv c„w_ex Av‡Mi gZB cv‡”Q| Zvi PvB‡Z ZvcgvÎv GKUz evo‡j cyiv c„w_ex R¡‡j-cy‡o LvK n‡q †hZ| Zvi PvB‡Z ZvcgvÎv GKUz Kg n‡j cyiv c„w_ex VvÊvq R‡g eid n‡q †hZ| GL‡bv c„w_exUv m~h© †_‡K wbivc` ~i‡Z¡ 23.5 wWMÖx †Kv‡Y †n‡j Av‡Q| IUv GK wWMÖx †e‡o †M‡j me †Pv‡Li cj‡K †kl n‡q †hZ| gvbyl ˆn ˆP KiviI mgq †cZ bv| GL‡bv g„ yg›` evqy cÖevwnZ n‡”Q| AvKvk †_‡K evwi el©‡Y hgxb wm³ n‡”Q| GL‡bv gvwU †_‡K km¨ Drcbœ n‡”Q| GL‡bv e„¶Kyj Avgv‡ì Rb¨ mvivw`b Aw·‡Rb mieivn Ki‡Q| hv bv n‡j G f~fv‡M †Kvb cÖvYx GK wgwbUI †eu‡P _vK‡Zv bv| f~c„ô †_‡K Dc‡i cuvPwU ¯—‡i cÖvq mv‡o GMv‡iv kZ wK.wg. e¨vcx evqy gÊj AvRI Avgv‡ì Rb¨ cÖ‡UKkb kxì ev wbivcËv ey n wnmv‡e KvR Ki‡Q| †hLv‡b cÖwZw`b EaŸ©vKvk †_‡K †m‡K‡Ê 6 †_‡K 40 gvBj †e‡M M‡o 2 †KvwUi gZ DévcvZ n‡”Q| hvi wKQz Ask c„w_ex‡Z †cŠQ‡j cyiv cÖvYxRMZ GK wb‡g‡l aŸsm n‡q †hZ| A_P Avgiv wbivc` AvwQ| KviY evqy gÊ‡j †cŠ‡Q R¡jš— Dév¸‡jv wbt‡kl n‡q hv‡”Q| GL‡bv c„w_ex‡Z wèvivwÎi AvMgb-wbM©gb NU‡Q| iv‡Zi †cvlv‡K Avgiv Nywg‡q hvw”Q| Avevi w`‡bi Zvc gvÎvq †R‡M DVwQ| GL‡bv m~h© wKiY P›`ªc„‡ô cwZZ n‡q Zv DËvcnxb gvqvgq †R¨vwZ‡Z cwiYZ n‡”Q| hv c„w_ex‡Z cÖwZdwjZ n‡q GLvbKvi Awaevmx‡K †cje ci‡k cig ggZvq jvjb Ki‡Q| mvM‡i-b`x‡Z †Rvqvi-fvUvi Kj¨vY cÖevn Ae¨vnZ i‡q‡Q| GL‡bv dmj fiv gvV, cvL-cvLvjxfiv R½j, gvQ fiv mvMi I cyKzi ev›`vi †mevq wb‡qvwRZ i‡q‡Q| GL‡bv g„Zz i mv‡_ R‡b¥i wmjwmjv Rvwi Av‡Q| Z‡e †Kb gvbyl K‡ivbvi f‡q Agvbyl n‡”Q? g„Zz f‡q cvwj‡q Zzwg hv‡e †Kv_vq? hw` K‡ivbvq †Zvgvi g„Zz †jLv _v‡K, ZvnÕ‡j Zv‡K †VKv‡bvi ¶gZv Kvi Av‡Q? cÖ‡Z¨K Jl‡ai Mv‡q †hgb Zvi †gqv`Kvj †jLv _v‡K, cÖ‡Z¨K cÖvYxi †Zgwb Avqy®‹vj †jLv _v‡K| Zvi Av‡M †KD gi‡e bv| †K wKfv‡e †Kv_vq gi‡e, meB Avj−vn&i c~e©wba©vwiZ| gi‡Z Avgv‡ì n‡eB, GUv wbwðZ| AZtci Zvi Kv‡Q wd‡i †h‡Z n‡e, whwb Avgv‡ì m„wó K‡i `ywbqvq cvwV‡q‡Qb Zuvi `vm‡Z¡i cix¶v †bIqvi Rb¨| Avgiv Avj−vn&i `vmZ¡ h_vh_ fv‡e KiwQ wK-bv †mUvB Avgv‡ì Rb¨ gyL¨ welq| K‡ivbvq ai‡e wK ai‡e bv, †mUv gyL¨ welq bq| †Kej mvgvwRK ~iZ¡ †g‡b Pj| †Kbbv ivm~j (Qvt) Avgv‡ì‡K Kzô †ivMx †_‡K ~‡i _vK‡Z e‡j‡Qb (eyLvix nv/5707; wgkKvZ nv/4577)| AZGe GLwb jKWvDb wkw_j Kiv AvÍNvwZ KvR n‡e| mvgwqK †gqv‡` IUv Avj−vn cvwV‡q‡Qb Avgv‡ì mveavb Kivi Rb¨| hv‡Z Avgiv kqZv‡bi `vmZ¡ †Q‡o Avj−vn&i `vm‡Z¡ wd‡i Avwm| evovevwo eÜ Ki‡j IUv‡K Avj−vn DwV‡q wb‡eb| †h‡Kvb mgq wZwb Zvi †Kvb weÁvbx ev›`vi ü`‡q wPwKrmvi dg©‚jv Bjnvg K‡i w`‡eb| ax‡i ax‡i wek¦ K‡ivbv gy³ n‡q hv‡e| †hgb BwZc~‡e©Kvi fvBivm mg~n we`vq n‡q †M‡Q| G‡Z we¯§‡qi wKQz †bB| g~j K_v nÕj gvbyl wK cvc cwiZ¨vM Ki‡e? gvbyl wK kqZv‡bi `vmZ¡ Qvo‡e? gvbyl wK Zvi m„wóKZ©v Avj−vn&i Kv‡Q gv_v bZ Ki‡e? cÖwZeQi GKevi K‡i ivgvhvb Av‡m gvby‡li gyw³i mIMvZ wb‡q| wnsmv-we‡Øl, ¯v_©ciZv-K…cYZv, mxgvnxb †jvf-jvjmv gvby‡li mgvR‡K wnsmª cïi mgv‡R cwiYZ K‡i‡Q| K‡ivbv Kv‡Ê cÖwZw`b gvby‡li Pig AgvbweKZvi Lei wk‡ivbvg n‡”Q| K‡ivbv m‡›`‡n wb‡Ri wcZv-gvZv‡K mš—vb I cÖwZ‡ekxiv cwiZ¨vM Ki‡Q| Avevi †KD m‡e©v”P gvbweKZvq cÖkswmZ n‡”Q| †KD K‡ivbv †ivMxi mv‡_ w`bivZ KvwU‡q Z…wß cv‡”Q Ges †m K‡ivbvgy³ _vK‡Q| ZvnÕ‡j djvdj †Zv GKUvB n‡”Q †h, K‡ivbv KvD‡K gv‡i bv| eis K‡ivbvi whwb †cÖiK, †mB Avj−vn&i ûKz‡gB †m †Zvgv‡K ai‡e| Avevi Avj−vn&i wb‡`©k bv †c‡j †m †Zvgv‡K my ’ †Q‡o w`‡q P‡j hv‡e| AZGe K‡ivbv‡K bq; eis Avj−vn‡K fq Ki| mKj cvc †_‡K ZIev Ki| Avj−vn‡K Lykx Kivi †Póv Ki| Avgv‡ì Rxe‡bi mdim~Px hw` AvRB †kl n‡q hvq, ZvnÕ‡j Kvj †_‡K ïi“ nIqv wPi¯’vqx Rxe‡b †hb RvbœvZevmx nB, †mB †Póv Ki| Avi GUvB nj weP¶Y gvby‡li KvR| hviv Avj−vn‡K †P‡b bv, Rvnvbœv‡gi f‡q fxZ nq bv, Rvbœv‡Zi AvKvsLv K‡i bv, Zviv †Kej K‡ivbv †Kb, GKUv wMiwMwU †`L‡jI f‡q g‡i hv‡e| Avj−vn&i Dci fimvKvix I ZvK¡ x‡i wek¦vmx gywgb †KvbwKQz‡ZB fq cvq bv| †m hZ¶Y euv‡P ex‡ii gZ euv‡P| `yÕnv‡Z †Kej †bKx mÂq K‡i| hv‡Z cvj−vfwZ© †bKx wb‡q †m Lykxg‡b Avj−vn&i mv‡_ mv¶vr Ki‡Z cv‡i| Zvi me© v †Kej GKUvB wPš—v _v‡K, ciKv‡j Rvnvbœvg †_‡K euvPv I RvbœvZ jvf Kiv| †hw`b Zvi mv‡_ †KD _vK‡e bv, Kvi“ †Kvb mydvwik Kv‡R jvM‡e bv| †Kej weï× AvK¡x`v, weï× Avgj I cwic~Y© BLjvQ e¨ZxZ| †mR‡b¨B †Zv ivgvhv‡bi cÖwZ iv‡Z Avj−vn&i c¶ †_‡K ev›`vi cÖwZ AvnŸvb Rvbv‡bv nq, †n Kj¨v‡Yi AwfhvÎx, GwM‡q P‡jv! †n AKj¨v‡Yi Awfmvix, †_‡g hvI! Ggv‡m eû Rvnvbœvgx gyw³cÖvß n‡e Avj−vn&i ûKz‡gÕ (wZiwghx, BebygvRvn, wgkKvZ nv/1960)| ivgvhv‡bi GB Kj¨vY AvnŸv‡b mvov †èvi †KD Av‡Q wK? (m.m.)|

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gv`ªvmvi cvVëB mg~‡ni Aš—iv‡j -gynv¤§v` Avmv yj−vn Avj-Mvwje

(†kl wKw —) (306/33) c„. 113 PZz_© ZvKwe‡i (nvZ bv DwV‡q)...PZz_© ZvKwei e‡j Wv‡b ev‡g mvjvg wdwi‡q mvjvZzj RvbvRv †kl Ki‡e| gš—e¨ : cÖwZ ZvKex‡i nvZ Kuva ch©š— DVv‡e I evg nv‡Zi Dci Wvb nvZ ey‡K euva‡e (web evh, gvRgyÔ dvZvIqv 13/148; DQvqgxb, gvRgyÔ dvZvIqv 17/134)| (307/34) c„. 114 (g„Z e¨w³i Rb¨) †`vAvi c×wZ g„Z e¨w³i Rb¨ †`vAv‡K Bmv‡j mIqve ev mIqve †imvwb ejv nq|...KziAvb LZg, wgmwKb‡ì LvIqv‡bv, †`vAv I wgjv` gvnwdj Ki‡j RxweZ‡ì g„Zz i K_v ¯§iY nq, Zv gb‡K Avj−vngyLx Ki‡Z mnvqK nq| Z‡e H w`bB Ki‡Z n‡e Ggb †Kv‡bv eva¨-evaKZv †bB| Avi H w`b Ki‡jI kwiq‡Z wb‡la †bB| gš—e¨ : †`vÔAv‡K KL‡bvB CQv‡j QIqve ejv nqbv| eis CQv‡j QIqve ejv nq RxweZ e¨w³i †Kvb ˆ`wnK Bev`‡Zi QIqve g„Z e¨w³‡K eL‡k †Ìqv| GwU Bmjv‡gi bv‡g GKwU we`ÔAvZx cÖ_v gvÎ|1 KziAvb LZg GKwU ˆ`wnK Bev`Z| hvi †bKx cvVK cv‡eb, g„Z e¨w³ bb| Avj−vn e‡jb, Ô†h e¨w³ mrKg© K‡i, †m Zvi wb‡Ri Rb¨B †mUv K‡i| Avi †h e¨w³ AmrKg© K‡i Zvi cÖwZdj Zvi Dc‡iB eZ©v‡eÕ (nv-gxg mvR`vn 41/46)| (308/35) c„. 115 Kei whqvi‡Zi mybœZ c×wZ ...we‡kl K‡i ïµevi Kei whqviZ Kiv LyeB DËg KvR| ivm~jyj−vn (�) Bikv` K‡ib, ��

� � �� !�"��# � $�% ��& �' (�� )��* (†h cÖ‡Z¨K Rygyqvi w`bZvi wcZv-gvZv A_ev Zv‡ì †h †Kvb GKR‡bi Kei whqviZ Ki‡e Zv‡K ¶gv Kiv n‡e Ges †m m`vPiYKvix mš—vb wnmv‡e ZvwjKvfy³ n‡e)| gš—e¨ : nv`xQwU Rvj (evqnvK¡x nv/7522, 10/297; wgkKvZnv/1768; hCdvn nv/49)| eis eQ‡ii †h †Kvb w`b †h †Kvb mgq AvZ¥xq-¯^R‡bi Kei whqviZ Kiv hvq| (309/36) c„. 115 Kei ’v‡b wM‡q cÖ_‡g wb‡gœi †`vAvwU c‡o g„Z‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ mvjvg Ki‡Z nq : ��+�,-.& �/�0�1�2�3 ��

�� 45&�...��/�� 78� �9�:�& �/9�0�&��. Ô†n Keiw ’Z gywgbgymjgvb e¨w³MY! †Zvgv‡ì Dci kvwš— ewl©Z †nvK| ...Avj−vn Avgv‡ì I †Zvgv‡ì cÖwZ ing Ki“b|

1. ª. nv.dv.ev. cÖKvwkZ †KviAvb I K‡jgvLvbx 6 c„.|

gš—e¨ : nv`xQwU hCd (wZiwghx nv/1053; hCdzj Rv‡gÔnv/3372; wgkKvZ nv/1765)| Avi †klvskwU Kei whqvi‡Zi †`vÔAv wnmv‡e eB‡q bZzbfv‡e ms‡hvRb Kiv n‡q‡Q| G wel‡q Qnxn nv`xQ nÕj,

�/��9�� ;��1 � 2�.��5&�� 1 : ��<��5&� �� =�&� �� >�2�3 �+�,-.&�� -? @�� ;�� A5B�(�.��5&�� -: � ��1 � �54�(�.��5&� 78� �/9�0 � 78� CDE�F 5G @

�G��4 ��,�&*Ôgywgb I gymwjg Keievmx‡ì Dc‡i kvwš— ewl©Z †nŠK| Avgv‡ì AMÖeZ©x I cieZ©x‡ì Dc‡i Avj−vn ing Ki“b! Avj−vn Pv‡n †Zv Avgiv Aek¨B Avcbv‡ì mv‡_ wgwjZ nÕ‡Z hvw”QÕ|2

GQvov AviI K‡qKwU †`vÔAv Av‡Q|3 (310/37) c„. 118 mvjvZzj AvIqvexb gvMwi‡ei dih I mybœZ mvjv‡Zi ci yÕivKvZ K‡i Qq ivKvZ mvjvZ‡K mvjvZzj AvDqvweb e‡j| mvjvZzj AvDqvweb Av`v‡qi dwhjZ m¤ú‡K© Avj−vni nvwee (�) e‡jb- �� >H2�I ��"��

J �K��5&� -L M N��"�� /�& �/H2�0�(�� 1 � -��O�:�1�� D��. � ��5& ��3 ��9�& P�Q�� " � �>�(�: R �P��S9�3 T!�:9�M A_© : †h e¨w³ gvMwi‡ei ci Qq

ivKvZ mvjvZ co‡e Ges Gi gv‡S †Kvb Lvivc K_v ej‡e bv Zvi GB mvjv‡Z 12 eQ‡ii Bev`‡Zi mgvb mIqve n‡e| gš—e¨ : cvVëB‡q D‡j−wLZ nv`xQwU wbZvš—B hCd ( V1"99WX�99#� )| GKB nv`x‡Qi †k‡l i‡q‡Q 20ivKÔAv‡Zi K_v| meB hCd|4 GQvov gvMwie nÕ‡Z Gkvi g‡a¨ cwVZ bdj QvjvZ mg~n‡K ÔQvjvZzj AvDIqvexbÕ ejvi nv`xQwUI hCd|5 eis QvjvZzh †hvnv ev Pvk‡Zi QvjvZ‡K ivm~j (Qvt) ÔQvjvZzj AvDqvexbÕ e‡j‡QbÕ|6 wKš‘ †mLv‡b GBme dhxj‡Zi K_v †bB| (311/38) c„. 123 BdZv‡ii cwiPq I gh©v`v BdZv‡ii mgq GB †`vAv cov mybœZ- ��-/�OH2& �Z�& �L��I >�2�3�� Z �� N�9�[5�� A_© : †n Avj−vn! Avcbvi Rb¨ mvIg cvjb KiwQGes Avcbvi †Ìqv wiwhK w`‡q BdZvi KiwQ| gš—e¨ : nv`xQwU Ôgyimvj I hCdÕ (Avjevbx, ZvivRyÔAvZnv/35)| eis BdZv‡ii ïi“‡Z Ôwemwgj−vnÕ ejvB h‡_ó (gymwjg nv/2734; wgkKvZ nv/4200) Ges †k‡l ÔAvjnvg`ywjj−vnÕ I †mB mv‡_ Ôhvnvevh hvgvD...ej‡e|7

2. gymwjg nv/974; wgkKvZ nv/1767|3. gymwjg nv/249, wgkKvZ nv/298; gymwjg nv/974, wgkKvZ

nv/1766; `ª. QvjvZzi ivm~j (Qvt) 254 c„.|4. wZiwghx nv/435; Beby gvRvn nv/1176; wgkKvZ nv/1173;

hCdvn nv/469|5. wmjwmjv hCdvn nv/4617|6. gymwjg nv/748; wgkKvZ nv/1312; ª. QvjvZzi ivm~j (Qvt) 161 c„.| 7. ª. QvjvZzi ivm~j (Qvt) 286 c„.|

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(312/39) c„. 125 Zvivwen mvjv‡Zi ivKv‡Zi msL¨v nRiZ Dgi Bebyj LvËve (�)-Gi †LjvdZ Kv‡jB mevB ighvb gv‡m cÖwZ iv‡Z 20 ivKvZ K‡i Zvivwen mvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡Zb| Zvivwen mvjvZ 20 ivKvZ| G wel‡q mvnvev‡q †Kiv‡gi BRgv ev mw¤§wjZ gZ GUvB| Gi evB‡i wKQz Kivi AeKvk †bB| gš—e¨ : GwU †mªd gvhnvex †Muvovgx| Dc‡iv³ `vexi †KvbB wfwË †bB| (313/40) c„. 125 Z‡e...imyjyj−vn (mv.) iv‡Z 8 ivKvZ bdj mvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡Zb| G AvU ivKvZ wQj iv‡Zi bdj ev Zvnv¾y | hv wZwb ighvb e¨ZxZ Ab¨ gv‡mI Av`vq Ki‡Zb| me©cÖ_g hLb DevB Be‡b Kve (iv.)-Gi gva¨‡g gmwR‡` bewe‡Z Zvivwen Rvgv‡Zi mv‡_ Av`vq ïi“ nq, ZLb 20 ivKvZ Av`vq Kiv nq| GRb¨ 20 ivKvZ Zvivwen mybœZ| gš—e¨ : Av‡qkv (ivt) e‡jb, ivgvhvb ev ivgvhv‡bi evB‡i ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) ivwÎi QvjvZ GMvi ivKÔAv‡Zi †ekx Av`vq K‡ibwb| wZwb cÖ_‡g (2+2)8 Pvi ivKÔAvZ c‡ob| Zzwg Zvi †mŠ›`h© I `xN©Zv m¤ú‡K© wR‡Ám K‡iv bv| AZtci wZwb (2+2) Pvi ivKÔAvZ c‡ob| Zzwg Zvi †mŠ›`h© I `xN©Zv m¤ú‡K© wR‡Ám K‡iv bv| AZtci wZb ivKÔAvZ c‡ob|9 Avi ÔLjxdv Igi Bebyj LvË¡ve (ivt) nhiZ DevB Beby KvÔe I Zvgxg `vix (ivt)-†K ivgvhv‡bi ivwÎ‡Z 11 ivKÔAvZ QvjvZ RvgvÔAvZ mnKv‡i Av`v‡qi wb‡`©k cÖ vb K‡ibÕ|10

wek ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn : cÖKvk _v‡K †h, D³ †iIqvqv‡Zi c‡i Bqvhx` web iƒgvb †_‡K ÔIg‡ii hvgvbvq 20 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn cov nÕZÕ e‡j †h eY©bv G‡m‡Q (gyIqvË¡v nv/380), Zv ÔhCdÕ Ges 20 ivKÔAvZ m¤ú‡K© Beby AveŸvm (ivt) †_‡K Ôgid‚Õ m~‡Î †h eY©bv G‡m‡Q, Zv ÔgIh~Õ ev Rvj|11 GZØ¨ZxZ 20 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn m¤ú‡K© K‡qKwU ÔAvQviÕ G‡m‡Q, hvi me¸wjB ÔhCdÕ|12 20 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn&i Dc‡i Ig‡ii hvgvbvq QvnvexM‡Yi g‡a¨ ÔBRgvÕ ev HK¨gZ n‡q‡Q e‡j †h `vex Kiv nq, Zv G‡Kev‡iB wfwËnxb I evwZj K_v ) \!�2 ]��)� #( gvÎ|13 wZiwghxi fvl¨Kvi L¨vZbvgv fviZxq

8. eyLvix nv/1147; gymwjg nv/738 cÖf„wZ; `ª. QvjvZzi ivm~j (Qvt)174 c„.|

9. eyt gyt wgkKvZ nv/1188 cÖf„wZ; ª. QvjvZzi ivm~j (Qvt) 174 c„.|10. gyIqvË¡v nv/379, mb` Qnxn; wgkKvZ nv/1302 Ôivgvhvb gv‡m

ivwÎ RvMiYÕ Aby‡”Q`|11. Avjevbx, nvwkqv wgkKvZ nv/1302, 1/408 c„.; BiIqv

nv/446, 445, 2/193, 191 c„.|12. wgiÔAvZ nv/1310 -Gi Av‡jvPbv `ªÕe¨, 4/329-35 c„.; BiIqv

nv/446-Gi Av‡jvPbv `ª. 2/193 c„.|13. ZzndvZzj AvnIqvhx nv/803-Gi Av‡jvPbv `ª. 3/531 c„.;

wgiÔAvZ 4/335|

nvbvdx gbxlx `vi“j Dj~g †`De›`-Gi gynZvwgg (Aa¨¶) Avj−vgv Av‡bvqvi kvn Kvk¥xix (1292-1352/1875-1933 L„.) e‡jb, GK_v bv †g‡b Dcvq †bB †h, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi Zvivexn 8 ivKÔAvZ wQj|14 (314/41) c„. 125 ...cÖwZ `yB ivKvZ cici Aš—ZGKevi wb‡Pi ì“` kwid cov DËg| ��-/�OH2& ��I >9�2�3

��? �=1�M�� ? =1�:�� F $�1 "�:�� ?� �9-��_�� AZtci Pvi ivKvZ

Aš—i e‡m wZbevi wb‡gœi †`vAv co‡Z nq- �M��_�G� a 5&�� 952 Z �� 5&��2 9�0�� N... †kl ch©š—| AZtci G mgq

gybvRvZ Kiv DËg|...Z‡e 20 ivKvZ †kl K‡iI GKevi gybvRvZ Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i| gš—e¨ : G ai‡bi †`vÔAv Ges Gfv‡e covi ixwZ ivm~j (Qvt) I Qvnvev‡q †Kivg †_‡K ewY©Z nqwb| Pvi ivKÔAvZ †k‡l A_ev Zvivexn †k‡l gybvRvZ Kivi †Kvb wbqg †bB| (315/42) c„. 130 k‡e eiv‡Zi mvIg kvevb Puv‡ì 14 ZvwiL wèvMZ iv‡Z cweÎ k‡eeivZ| GB iv‡Z RvMÖZ †_‡K Bev`Z Kiv I mvIg cvjb Kiv mybœZ| G g‡g© nRiZ Avjx (ivt) e‡jb, �� @ �L�?�� !9�2�1�&

V�b=:&� �� ;�G��"�F ��4�� ;��O�2�1�& ��I�� 9��O�?* hLbkvevb Puv‡ì 14 ZvwiL wèvMZ ivZ Av‡m †Zvgiv ivZ †R‡M Bev`Z Ki Ges w`‡b mvIg cvjb Ki|...myZivs mKj gywgb gymjgv‡bi DwPZ, cweÎ k‡e eiv‡Zi mvIg cvjb K‡i I †ewk †ewk Bev`Z K‡i Avj−vn cv‡Ki mš‘wó nvwmj Kiv| gš—e¨ : cvVëB‡q D‡j−wLZ nv`xQwU ÔRvjÕ|15 eis kvÔevb gv‡mi cÖavb KiYxq nÕj, G gv‡mi AwaKvsk w`b wQqvg cvjb Kiv| †hgb ivm~j (Qvt) kvÔev‡bi AwaKvsk w`b wQqvg ivL‡ZbÕ (eyt gyt wgkKvZ nv/2036)|

(316/43) c„. 155 wk¶‡Ki cªwZ Avè 6. wk¶K mvg‡b w`‡q hvIqvi mgq Av`‡ei mv‡_ cv‡k¦© uvwo‡q _vKv| gš—e¨ : Bmjvgx kixÔAv‡Z Kv‡iv m¤§vbv‡_© `vuov‡bv ev `vuwo‡q bxieZv cvjb Kiv bvRv‡qh| GwU GKwU Rv‡njx cÖ_v, hv eR©b Kiv Avek¨K| nhiZ Avbvm (ivt) e‡jb, Qvnvev‡q †Kiv‡gi wbKU ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) A‡c¶v †Kvb e¨w³B AwaK wcÖq wQ‡jb bv| A_P Zviv KL‡bv ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-†K †`‡L `vuov‡Zb bv (wZiwghx nv/2754; mb` Qnxn, wgkKvZ nv/4698)|

14. N��"5�� !�1 ?��R �L�?��( � )��_�� c HG�� /�1 2�.�c �� d��:�� Avj-ÔAvidzk kvhx kin wZiwghx nv/806-Gi Av‡jvPbv, `ª.2/208 c„.; wgiÔAvZ 4/321|

15. Beby gvRvn nv/1388; wgkKvZ nv/1308; hCdvn nv/2132|

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5

(317/44) c„. 155 nhiZ Avjx (�) e‡jb, ��3 H2�� : ��T� ��4��I -1� ?�3 ��e�� (†h Avgv‡K GKwU nid wk¶v w`j

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nvw`‡mi Av‡jv‡K †`vAv ivm~‡j Kwig (�) Bikv` K‡ib- 7D��3f�&� fg�� P�Q�� "5&� †`vAv Bev`‡Zi gMR ¯iƒc|

gš—e¨ : nv`xQwU hCd (wZiwghx nv/3371; wgkKvZ nv/2231;hCdzj Rv‡gÔ nv/3003)|

(319/46) c„. 170 �� h (�� &�� J� �3f�&�; D� �L9�_ (�� 9�&�� J� ��-&� 9�� ! A_© : hvi Rb¨ †Àvi ìRv Ly‡j †Ìqv

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gvbe RvwZmn mgMÖ cÖvYx RMZ I mgMÖ gnvwe‡ki Aeqe weeZ©b cÖwµqvi ga¨ w`‡qB eZ©gvb Ae ’vq G‡m‡Q| m„wóKZ©v e‡j wKQz †bB|

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(323/50) GKv`k-Øv`k †kªYxi ÔmgvR weÁvbÕ eB‡q 251 †_‡K 256 c„ôvq QvÎ-QvÎx‡ì‡K a‡g©i aviYv wk¶v w`‡Z m¤c~Y© cvVUvB weeZ©bev`x weÁvbx‡ì e¨vL¨v-we‡k−lY w`‡q mvRv‡bv n‡q‡Q| a‡g©i aviYv wk¶v`v‡bi GB 6 c„ôvi cv‡V GK jvBbI Bmjv‡gi Av‡jv‡K a‡g©i e¨vL¨vg~jK †Kvb K_v ivLv nqwb|

weeZ©bev‡ì GB wk¶v ¯cóZtB Kzdix wk¶v| weeZ©bev‡` wek¦vm Ki‡j Cgvb _vK‡e bv| GB wk¶v Ae¨vnZ _vK‡j K‡qK cÖRb¥ ci cy‡iv RvwZi g‡a¨ bvw —Këv` Qwo‡q co‡e| GUv AZ¨š— m~²fv‡e RvwZi wPš—v-†PZbv I wek¦vm †_‡K Cgvb ni‡Yi GK fqven lohš¿|

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Avgv‡ì †`‡k 2012 mvj ch©š— cvV¨cy —‡K ÔweeZ©bÕ wk¶v wQj bv| 2013 mv‡j GK‡hv‡M beg-`kg, GKv`k-Øv`k, Abvm© I gv÷vm© ¯—‡ii cvVëB‡q weeZ©b cvV hy³ Kiv nq| `„k¨ZtB eySv hv‡”Q, Avš—R©vwZK Bmjvgwe‡Ølx bvw —Këv`x I cyuwRev`x‡ì Pvc I cÖ‡ivPbv‡ZB GUv Kiv n‡q‡Q| msweavb g‡ZI gymwjg QvÎ-QvÎx‡ì‡K Cgvb-AvK¡x`v we‡ivax gZev` wk¶v †Ìqvi my‡hvM †bB| [D³ wel‡q we —vwiZ Av‡jvPbv `ªóe¨ : †jLK cÖYxZ I nv.dv.ev. cÖKvwkZ ÔGw·‡W›UÕ I ÔweeZ©bev`Õ eB]

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nvB¯‹zj I gv ªvmvi beg I `kg †kªwY c`v_© weÁvb

cÖ_g cÖKvk : †m‡Þ¤i, 2012 cwigvwR©Z ms¯‹iY cÖKvk : †m‡Þ¤i, 2017 RvZxq wk¶vµg I cvV¨cy —K †evW©, evsjv‡`k

c„. 113-114 PZz_© Aa¨vq KvR, ¶gZv I kw³ 4.5

kw³i wbZ¨Zv I iƒcvš—i Avgiv Avgv‡ì ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b Pvicv‡k †h kw³ †`wL †mwU Awebk¦i| Gi †Kv‡bv ¶q †bB, GwU ïay GKwU iƒc †_‡K Ab¨ iƒ‡c cwieZ©b nq|...Avgv‡ì cwiwPZ me kw³B GK iƒc †_‡K Ab¨ iƒ‡c †h‡Z cv‡i| Avgiv Avgv‡ì ˆ`bw›`b Rxe‡b Pvicv‡k †h kw³ †`wL †mwU m„wóI nqbv aŸsmI nqbv| ïay Zvi iƒc cwieZ©b K‡i| GUvB n‡”Q kw³i wbZ¨Zvi m~Î| gš—e¨ : GwU m¤ú~Y© KziAvb we‡ivax K_v| Avj−vn Qvov mewKQzB asm n‡e| †hgb Avj−vn e‡jb, i�� D��F jZ &��

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7

evjv-gyQxeZ †_‡K cwiÎv‡Yi Dcvq W. gynv¤§v` Kvexi“j Bmjvg

gnvb Avj−vn c„w_ex‡Z gvbyl‡K cvwV‡q‡Qb Zuvi cÖwZwbwa wnmv‡e| myZivs gvbyl Avj−vn&i Av‡`k-wb‡la †g‡b Pj‡e, GUv Zvi Rb¨ dih KZ©e¨| wKš‘ gvbyl wewfbœ mg‡q Avj−vn&i wb‡`©k Agvb¨ K‡i, Zuvi Aeva¨ nq| †m Avj−vn&i kvw¯—i K_v fy‡j wM‡q aiv‡K miv Ávb K‡i| mªóvi cÖwZ Zvi `vwqZ¡-KZ©e¨ fy‡j wM‡q wb‡R‡K c„w_ex‡Z kw³ai wnmv‡e hvwni Kivi †Póv K‡i| Avi GB ¯úa©v †_‡K bvbv AbvPvi-cvcvPvi K‡i c„w_ex‡K KjywlZ K‡i †Zv‡j| d‡j Zv‡ì Dc‡i †b‡g Av‡m Avj−vni Avhve-Mhe wnmv‡e bvbv ai‡bi evjv-gyQxeZ| wb‡gœ Gme evjv-gyQxeZ †_‡K cwiÎv‡Yi Dcvq m¤ú‡K© bvwZ`xN© Av‡jvPbv †ck Kiv nÕj|- evjv-gyQxe‡Zi KviY mg~n : wewfbœ Kvi‡Y gvby‡li Dc‡i evjv-gyQxeZ AvcwZZ nq| Zb¥‡a¨ Avj−vn&i mv‡_ wkiK I Kzdix, gvby‡li Dc‡i hyjyg-wbh©vZb Kiv, AwaK cvcvPvi Kiv I mrKv‡Ri Av‡`k Kg Kiv, Aeva¨Zv I AnsKvi Kiv, wg_¨vPvi Kiv, Avj−vn cÖ Ë †bÔg‡Zi A¯xK…wZ, `ywbqvex wel‡q cÖwZ‡hvwMZv I K…cYZv, ivm~j (Qvt)-†K wg_¨vcÖwZcbœ Kiv, QvjvZ cwiZ¨vM Kiv, hvKvZ A¯xKvi Kiv, wRnv` cwiZ¨vM Kiv, Ak−xjZvi cÖmvi NUv‡bv, Avj−vn&i mv‡_ K…Z A½xKvi f½ Kiv, m~ -Nyl Av`vb-cÖ vb Kiv ev nvivg f¶Y Kiv, Avj−vn&i bvwhjK…Z weavb Øviv dvqQvjv bv Kiv BZ¨vw` Kvi‡Y gvby‡li Dc‡i evjv-gyQxeZ †b‡g Av‡m|

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Ô†n Zi“Y! Avwg †Zvgv‡K K‡qKwU K_v wkwL‡q w`w”Q- Zywg Avj−vn& Zv'Avjvi (wewa-wb‡l‡ai) i¶v Ki‡e, Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv †Zvgv‡K i¶v Ki‡eb| Zywg Avj−vn& ZvÔAvjvi weav‡bi cÖwZ j¶¨ ivL‡e, Avj−vn& ZvÔAvjv‡K Zywg †Zvgvi mvg‡b cv‡e| †Zvgvi †Kvb wKQy PvIqvi cÖ‡qvRb nÕ‡j Avj−vn ZvÔAvjvi wbKU PvI, Avi mvnvh¨ cÖv_©bv Ki‡Z nÕ‡j Avj−vn& ZvÔAvjvi wbK‡UB Ki| Avi †R‡b iv‡Lv, hw` mKj D¤§ZI †Zvgvi †Kvb DcKv‡ii D‡Ï‡k¨ HKë× nq ZvnÕ‡j Zviv †Zvgvi ZZUyKy DcKviB Ki‡Z cvi‡e, hZUyKy Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv †Zvgvi R‡b¨ wj‡L †i‡L‡Qb| Aciw`‡K hw` Zviv mK‡j †Zvgvi ¶wZ Kivi Rb¨ mg‡eZ nq, ZvnÕ‡j Zviv †Zvgvi ZZUzKz ¶wZB Ki‡Z m¶g n‡e, hZUyKy Avj−vn& ZvÔAvjv †Zvgvi ZvK¡`x‡i wj‡L †i‡L‡Qb| Kjg Zy‡j †bqv n‡q‡Q Ges wjwLZ KvMRmg~nI ïwK‡q †M‡Q|1 Ab¨ eY©bvq i‡q‡Q, �� !��"�� / �� #�$�%�& N��:��:��

�O9G�1�&�/ ��*�� P�. N�@��Q9G*� �� .�G�1�� P�. N�R9$�A*� ÔZzwg Avj−vn&i weavb †ndvhZ Ki Avj−vn †Zvgv‡K i¶v Ki‡eb| Zzwg Avj−vn&i weavb †ndvhZ Ki Avj−vn‡K †Zvgvi mvg‡b cv‡e| Zzwg my‡Li mgq Avj−vn‡K ¯§i‡Y ivL, wec‡ì mgq Avj−vn †Zvgv‡K ¯§i‡Y ivL‡ebÕ|2 2. DËg Pwi‡Îi AwaKvix nIqv : m”PwiÎ gvbyl‡K aŸs‡mi Kej †_‡K i¶v Ki‡Z cv‡i| †hgb nv`x‡Q D‡j−wLZ n‡q‡Q| Av‡qkv (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z wZwb e‡jb, �S�>�G�. ��T�4 -=�,�J �� U �� DI�� 5�,/ �KV�>�G��

N�#�W��X. �Y�Q�$�. �� $�Q�8�% �)�0�4 �$��=�Q �ZJ �� T0� �-��[�. �=��:�\�� =��:�\�� =�9:�]�.�# �92�� '�( �DV�0�� N�_�/9GV*� �-�V�[�.

�8� �$�a�* ��'�G�E�Q��/ �G�E�a *� �$�[�* �I�A�Q�) �� bV �� )V�*��[�. 8� �$�Q 6�� / ��: ��]�a�� ;�� N�c$�4�� 9 �� Y�L�2�* N�5��9GV*�

Y��"�&�/ N6Y�d *� � �b d�&�/ �/�$�1�� *�N�� e�G [�&�/ N�K�I9H*� �I�1�&�/�3 �� f��=� �g�" *�. ÔAZtci G AvqvZ wb‡q Avj−vn&i ivm~j

(Qvt) cÖZ¨veZ©b Ki‡jb| Zvui ü`q ZLb KvucwQj| wZwb Lv`xRv webZz LyIqvqwj‡ì wbK‡U G‡m ej‡jb, Avgv‡K Pvì Øviv Ave„Z Ki, Avgv‡K Pvì Øviv Ave„Z Ki|

1. wZiwghx nv/2516; wgkKvZ nv/5302; Qnxûj Rv‡gÔ nv/7958; whjvjyj Rvbœvn nv/316-318|

2. nv‡Kg nv/6303; whjvjyj Rvbœvn nv/315, mb` Qnxn|

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8

AZtci Zvu‡K Pvì Øviv Ave„Z Kiv nj| GgbwK Zvui ksKv `~i nÕj| ZLb wZwb Lv`xRv (ivt)-Gi wbK‡U NUbv Rvwb‡q ej‡jb, Avwg Avgvi wb‡R‡K wb‡q ksKv †eva KiwQ| Lv`xRv (ivt) ej‡jb, ÔKL‡bvB bv| Avj−vn&i Kmg! wZwb KL‡bvB Avcbv‡K Ac`¯’ Ki‡eb bv| Avcwb AvZ¥xq‡ì m‡½ m`vPiY K‡ib, y ’‡ì †evSv enb K‡ib, wbt¯‡ì Kg©ms¯’vb K‡ib, AwZw_‡ì Avc¨vqb K‡ib Ges wec`MÖ —‡K mvnvh¨ K‡ibÕ|3

Bgvg beex (int) e‡jb, �-��C ;@��1 *� �P�Z�J ;�� 5�T�0�� 0�1�: �� 8� �$�Q �P�Z�J ;�� T�0�� 9 �� * ��EI�L�� h#/�G d�: ��* �Y�1�>

;�� I�. �3�: ��J��d�: �i��Q�+ *� ��G��/ �Y�f��9A*� ��G��(�/ �c4/�G�Z �3�: ��*�( P�.�/ �'��j k8�*��*�W �� 67�� J��d�: �i��Q�+ *� �-��L�Q�/

�G�I�a *� � �E�, �8�:��9b*� �3�: �_�J��L�: �=Fb*��@N ÔweØvbMY e‡jb, Lv`xRv (ivt)-Gi K_vi A_© n‡”Q, Avcbvi Dc‡i †Kvb Kó-†K¬k ev Acm›`bxq wKQz AvcwZZ n‡e bv| †Kbbv Avj−vn Avcbvi g‡a¨ DËg PvwiwÎK êwkó¨ I DËg ¸Yvejx `vb K‡i‡Qb| †h¸wj wZwb D`vniY ¯iƒc D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb| Gi Øviv cÖZxqgvb nq †h, DËg PwiÎ I mr ¯^fve aŸsm-hÁ ev webvk nIqv †_‡K i¶v K‡iÕ|4

Bgvg wKigvbx (int) e‡jb, h E, lm� -�LQ 7� DI./N#J�dn� S.$* h E, �J�dn�/ N@=b*� _�J�L�: 3: 8:�b�* ÔAvi G‡Z (Lv`xRv ivt-Gi e³‡e¨) i‡q‡Q †h, DËg ¯fve-PwiÎ aŸsm †_‡K wbivcËv jv‡fi Dcvq| m”PwiÎ Kó-†K¬k ev Acm›`bxq welq cÖwZ‡iv‡ai DcvqÕ|5

Avj−vgv eì“Ïxb AvBbx (int) e‡jb, �DI�. 67�� J��d�: i��Q�+ *� -�LQ/ G�I�a *� ^�E�, 8:�b�* 3: _�J��L: oG9A*� J�dn�/# 3��. Gp� #l�Q )0b� D2EC�� >J/ �D�* 8�:��,

�$*��3 ��I� F$*��/N ÔG‡Z (Lv`xRv ivt-Gi e³‡e¨) i‡q‡Q †h, DËg ¯fve-PwiÎ aŸsm I Kó-†K¬k †_‡K wbivcËv jv‡fi gva¨g| AZGe hvi mrKg© †ekx Zvi cwiYwZ my›ì n‡e| Avi Zvi Rb¨ Øxb I `ywbqvi wbivcËvi Avkv Kiv hvqÕ|6 3. ZIev I B‡ —Mdvi Kiv : cix¶v I wec‡` cwZZ nIqv †Mvbvn †_‡K gy³ nIqvi gva¨g| Z‡e kZ© nÕj H cix¶v I wec‡` âh© aviY Ki‡Z n‡e Ges Zvi Rb¨ QIqv‡ei Avkv †cvlY Ki‡Z n‡e| †mB mv‡_ Avj−vn&i w`‡K

3. eyLvix nv/4953; gymwjg nv/160; wgkKvZ nv/5841 Ôdvhv‡qj I kvgv‡qjÕ Aa¨vq, ÔAwn-i m~PbvÕ Aby‡”Q`|

4. beex, kiû gymwjg, 2/202| 5. kiûj wKigvbx Avjv Qnxwnj eyLvix, 1g LÊ (êiƒZ : `vi“j

KzZzwej Bjwgqv), c„t 206| 6. eì“Ïxb AvBbx, Dg`vZzj K¡vix kiû Qnxwnj eyLvix, (êiƒZ :

`vi“ BnqvBZ ZzivwQj Avivex), 1/63 c„t|

cÖZ¨veZ©b Ki‡Z n‡e Ges Zuvi wbK‡U ZIev Ki‡Z n‡e| †Kbbv KziAvb I nv`xQ cÖgvY K‡i †h, gvby‡li †Mvbv‡ni Kvi‡YB wec`-gyQxeZ AvcwZZ nq Ges ZIev e¨ZxZ Zv ~ixf~Z nq bv| myZivs gvbyl‡K †ekx †ekx ZIev Ki‡Z n‡e| ywbqv‡Z Avgiv †h wec‡`-Avc‡` cwZZ nB, Zv †_‡K cwiÎv‡Yi Rb¨ ev †m¸‡jv nvjKv nIqvi Rb¨ gyQxeZ ~ixf~Z nIqvi Dcvqmg~n Aej¤b Kiv DwPZ| Avj−vn ev›`v‡K ZIevi wb‡ ©k w`‡q e‡jb, �� TF�� j6*��3

�=�0�:q� �=�&�=�4� ��*�� r8�4�=�& �=�L9 r�� s Ô†n gywgbMY! †Zvgiv Avj−vn&i wbKU LuvwU ZIev KiÕ (Zvnixg 66/8)| Ab¨Î Avj−vn e‡jb, �/�G��t�2�,��/� �5d94�J 95u �=�&�=�4� �*��D�I Ô†Zvgiv †Zvgv‡ì cÖwZcvj‡Ki wbKU ¸bvn gvd PvI Ges Zuvi w`‡K wd‡i G‡mvÕ (n~` 11/90)| Ab¨ Avqv‡Z Avj−vn e‡jb,

�=�&�/�=�4� ��*�� I��>r�1 ��TF�� =�0�:�X�� *��7 �5d6��1�* �=�"�� &�7 Ô†n gywgbMY! †Zvgiv mK‡j Avj−vn&i wbKU ZIev Ki, ZvnÕ‡j †Zvgiv mdjKvg n‡eÕ (b~i 24/31)| wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, ��:�/

�7�� ;�� 5�T�4�j�1�I�* �)� ��/ �I�.�5�T ��:�/ �7�� ;�� 5�T�4�j�1�: �5�'�/ �/�G��t�2�b��7 s ÔA_P Avj−vn KL‡bv Zv‡ì Dci kvw — bvwhj

Ki‡eb bv hZ¶Y Zzwg (†n gynv¤§v`) Zv‡ì g‡a¨ Ae ’vb Ki‡e| Avi Avj−vn Zv‡ì‡K kvw — w`‡eb bv hZ¶Y Zviv ¶gv cÖv_©bv Ki‡Z _vK‡eÕ (Avbdvj 8/33)| ivm~j (Qvt) Av‡iv e‡jb, �3�: ��]�* �J��t�2�,B� �Y�1�> ;�� D�* �3�:

�Y� �I�Z�g Nr�>�G�a�: �3�:�/ �Y� v5�' Nr�>�G�. �C�\�J�/�D �3�: �I��w �B � �b�2�"�� s Ô†h e¨w³ me© v ¶gv Pvq, Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv Zvi

Rb¨ cÖ‡Z¨K msKxY©Zv nÕ‡Z GKwU c_ †ei K‡i †`b Ges cÖ‡Z¨K wPš—v nÕ‡Z Zv‡K gyw³ †`b| Avi Zv‡K wiwhK `vb K‡ib Ggb ’vb nÕ‡Z hv †m KL‡bv Kíbv K‡i bvÕ|7

ivm~j (Qvt) e‡jb, Ô†h e¨w³ ejj, �G��t�2�,� �� x�j6*� �B �D�*� 6B� �'�= FP�y� �=�I�[*�� =�&��/�z �I�*�N�D ��G�� =� (N�D�4 7�/ �7�� $�C

9G�. �3�: �K��9]*�s (Avwg Avj−vn&i wbK‡U ¶gv PvB| whwb e¨ZxZ †Kvb gvÔe~ †bB| whwb wPiÄxe wPi cÖwZôvZv Ges Zuvi wbK‡U ZIevKvix) Avj−vn Zv‡K ¶gv K‡i w`‡eb hwÌ †m wRnv‡ì gvV nÕ‡Z cjvqY K‡i _v‡KÕ|8 4. ZvK¡Iqv ev Avj−vnfxwZ AR©b Kiv : ZvK¡Iqv n‡”Q mKj Avgj ms‡kva‡bi Dcvq| Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv e‡jb, ��

��TF�� j6*��3 �=�0�:q �=[9&� �� =C�/�=*� �r*�=�C ��$�,�c$N �{��L�� 5d�* �5d�*�� G��t��/ �5d�* �=� (�5d�4 �:�/�3 �S�|�� =�,�J�/�D�* �$�[�. �\��.

7. Avngv`, wgkKvZ nv/2339| 8. wZiwghx, nv`xQ Qnxn, wgkKvZ nv/2353|

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9

�c\�=�. �I�!��c�s Ô†n gywgbMY! †Zvgiv Avj−vn‡K fq Ki Ges mwVK K_v ej| ZvnÕ‡j wZwb †Zvgv‡ì Kg©mg~n‡K ms‡kvab K‡i w`‡eb I †Zvgv‡ì cvc mg~n ¶gv Ki‡eb| Avi †h e¨w³ Avj−vn I Zuvi ivm~‡ji AvbyMZ¨ K‡i, †m e¨w³ gnv mvdj¨ AR©b K‡iÕ (Avnhve 33/70-71)| gnvb Avj−vn e‡jb, �3�:�/ 9��g92 �� Y�1�%�� 6*�D �c>�G�a�:N �D C�\�G��/

�3�: w�I�� B � �b�2�"�� s Ô†h †KD Avj−vn‡K fq K‡i, Avj−vn Zvi (gyw³i) c_ K‡i w`‡eb Ges Zv‡K Zvi aviYvZxZ Drm nÕ‡Z wihK `vb Ki‡ebÕ (ZvjvK 65/2-3)| Beby AveŸvm (ivt) e‡jb, G Avqv‡Zi A_© n‡”Q Avj−vn Zv‡K BnKvjxb I ciKvjxb mKj mgm¨v †_‡K gyw³ w`‡eb|9 Avj−vnfxwZ AR©b Ki‡j ywbqvex evjv-gyQxeZ †_‡K cwiÎvY cvIqv hvq| Qvg~ m¤cÖ v‡qi K_v D‡j−L K‡i Avj−vn e‡jb, �9:��/ �=��u�W �5�'��0��$�T�. FE�"�2�,��.�= ��1 *� ��

e�$�T *� �5�T�&�j�Q�+�. 8�[��U �z��j�1 *� �=�T *��7 ��4 �=� �� =�E�b d��7N ��0�I9%� �/ ��j6*��3 �=�0�:q� �=� ��/� �=[92��7N ÔAvi Qvg~ m¤cÖ v‡qi

e¨vcvi †Zv GB †h, Avgiv Zv‡ì‡K c_-wb‡ ©k K‡iwQjvg, wKš‘ Zviv mrc‡_i cwie‡Z© åvš—c_ Aej¤b K‡iwQj| AZtci Zv‡ì‡K jvÃbv`vqK kvw — AvNvZ nvbj Zv‡ì K…ZK‡g©i cwiYvg ¯iƒc| Avgiv D×vi Kijvg Zv‡ì‡K hviv Cgvb G‡bwQj Ges hviv ZvK¡Iqv Aej¤b KiZÕ (&nv-gxg Avm-mvR`v 41/17-18)| A_©vr Zv‡ì c‡i Dwj−wLZ‡ì †Kvb Awbó ¯úk© K‡iwb Ges Zviv †Kvb ¶wZi wkKvi nqwb| eis Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv Zv‡ì‡K Zv‡ì bex Qv‡jn (Avt)-Gi mv‡_ i¶v K‡i‡Qb Zv‡ì Cgvb I Avj−vnfxwZi Kvi‡Y|10 Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv e‡jb, 7��/ ��:�5d�0 6B�� '�W�J��/ �7�� 4�J �c��2��

�}I�H [�:N 95u P�%�0� ��j6*��3 ��=�[9&� �J�j� �/ �I��*�6!*��3 �I�.��T �}I�p�>s ÔAvi †Zvgv‡ì cÖ‡Z¨‡KB Zv AwZµg Ki‡e; GUv †Zvgvi cÖwZcvj‡Ki Awbevh© wm×vš—| c‡i Avwg gyË K¡x‡ì‡K D×vi Kie Ges hvwjg‡ì‡K †m_vq bZRvby Ae ’vq †i‡L †èÕ (gvwiqvg 19/71-72)| 5. Lv`¨-cvbx‡qi cvÎ mg~n †X‡K ivLv : Lv`¨ I cvbcvÎ mg~n †X‡K ivLvi Rb¨ we‡klfv‡e wb‡`©k †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| Ab¨_v G‡Z †ivMRxevYy cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z cv‡i| ivm~j (Qvt) e‡jb, �=~|�� @�� =��/��/� �@��[�b*� 67��.

��. �8�09b*� r8��I�* -�]�0�� I�.��T �@��4�/ �B FG�� @�� 4 ��I�* �D�I�� @��|� �/��

9. Zvdmxi Be‡b KvQxi, 8/146; KziZzex 18/159; dvZûj Kv`xi 7/243|

10. Zvdmxi Be‡b KvQxi, 7/169 c„t, m~iv nv-gxg mvR`vn 17-18 bs Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨v `ªt|

�@��[�, ��I�* �D�I�� @��/ 6B�� -�]� �I�.�D �3�: ��*�( �@��4�= *�. ÔLv`¨-cvÎ †X‡K iv‡Lv Ges gkK eÜ iv‡Lv| †Kbbv eQ‡i Ggb GK ivwÎ Av‡Q, †h iv‡Î wewfbœ cÖKv‡ii evjv-gyQxeZ bvwhj nq| Hme evjvi MwZwewa Ggb me cv‡Îi w`‡K nq hv XvKv bq Ges Ggb cvb-cv‡Îi w`‡K nq hvi gyL eÜ bq, d‡j Zv Zvi g‡a¨ cÖ‡ek K‡iÕ|11 6. wewfbœ †`vÔAv Kiv : evjv-gyQxeZ †_‡K cwiÎv‡Yi Rb¨ Hme bvwhj nIqvi c~‡e© wewfbœ mgq I †¶‡Î cwVZe¨ bvbv iKg †`vÔAv ivm~j (Qvt) wkwL‡q‡Qb| †m¸wj wbqwgZ cvV Kiv| ivm~j (Qvt) e‡jb, 67�� @��F$*� �S��0�� 9��: �-�]� �9��:�/ �5�* -�]�0�� 5d�I��1�.

�W��E�� @��F$*��4. Ô†h wec`-Avc` G‡m‡Q Avi hv (GLbI) Av‡mwb Zv‡Z †`vÔAvq Kj¨vY nq| AZGe †n Avj−vn&i ev›`vMY! †Zvgiv †`vÔAv‡K Avewk¨K K‡i bvIÕ|12

mKvj-mÜ¨vq cwVZe¨ †`vÔAv : ivm~j (Qvt) e‡jb, �3�: �-��C �5�b�4 �� e�j6*� �B FG�H�� S�: �D��,� �@�� . ��J�<� �B�/ ��.

�@��9b*� �=�'�/ �SI��9b*� �5I��1 *� ��u ��9G�: �5�* �D�E�L�& R�+�%�. �@��4 �92�� {�E�L�� 3�:�/ ��T�*��C �� {�E�L�� u ��9G�: �5�* �D�E�L�&

R�+�%�. �@��4 �92�� b��. Ô†h e¨w³ mÜ¨vq wZbevi ej‡e, A_© : ÔAvj−vn&i bv‡g hvui bv‡gi eiK‡Z Avmgvb I hgx‡bi †Kvb e¯‘B ¶wZ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv, wZwb me©‡kªvZv I gnvÁvbxÕ mKvj nIqv ch©š— Zvi cÖwZ †Kvb AvKw¯§K wec` Avm‡e bv| Avi †h Zv mKv‡j wZbevi ej‡e mÜ¨v ch©š— Zvi Dci †Kvb AvKw¯§K wec` Avm‡e bvÕ|13 †`vÔAv BDbym †ekx †ekx cvV Kiv : gnvb Avj−vn e‡jb, ��(�/ �7=F0*� (�� '�( �cE�Z��t�: 93�!�. 7�� 3�* �J�$ [� �D�I��

e�W��0�. P�. ��~!*� 7�� B �D�*�� 6B�� )� �� "�E�, � ��P �)�0� �3�: �I��*�6!*��3N ��0�E�%�2�,��. �D�* �#��0�I9%� �/ �3�: �5�t *� ��*�j��/ P�%�0�

�I�0�:�X�� *��3N ÔAvi ¯§iY Ki gvQIqvjv (BDbym)-Gi K_v| hLb †m µz× Ae ’vq P‡j wM‡qwQj Ges wek¦vmx wQj †h, Avgiv Zvi Dci †Kvbiƒc Kó `v‡bi wm×vš— †be bv| AZtci †m (gv‡Qi †c‡U) NY AÜKv‡ii g‡a¨ AvnŸvb Kij (†n Avj−vn!) Zzwg e¨ZxZ †Kvb Dcvm¨ †bB| Zzwg cweÎ| Avwg mxgvjsNYKvix‡ì Aš—f©y³| AZtci Avgiv Zvi AvnŸv‡b mvov w`jvg Ges Zv‡K ywðš—v nÕ‡Z gy³

11. gymwjg nv/2014; wgkKvZ nv/4298; wmjwmjv Qnxnvn nv/37; BiIqv nv/39; Qnxûj Rv‡gÔ nv/7608|

12. wZiwghx nv/3548; Qnxûj Rv‡gÔ nv/3409; Qnxn AvZ-ZviMxe nv/1634; wgkKvZ nv/2239|

13. Ave~`vE` nv/5088; wZiwghx nv/3388; Beby gvRvn nv/3869; wgkKvZ nv/2391|

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Kijvg| Avi Gfv‡eB Avgiv wek¦vmx‡ì gyw³ w`‡q _vwKÕ (Avw¤^qv 21/87-88)|

ivm~j (Qvt) e‡jb, R�=��W e�( �=F0*��7 (�� W �=�'�/ ��. �3 |�4 �=�" *�� B �D�*�� 6B�� )� �� "�E�, �� )�0� �3�: �I��*�6!*��3 .�D9 ��. �5�* �_�$�� T�4 kY�>�J h5��b�: ��. �@�� ~��C 6B�� z��%�2�,� ;��

�D�*. Ôhyb-b~b BDbym (Avt) gv‡Qi †c‡U _vKvKv‡j †h †`vÔAv K‡iwQ‡jb Zv nÕj- ÔZzwg e¨ZxZ †Kvb gvÔe~` †bB, Zzwg AwZ cweÎ| Avwg wbðqB hvwjg‡ì `jfz³Õ (Avw¤^qv 21/87)| †h †Kvb gymwjg †Kvb wel‡q KL‡bv Gi gva¨‡g †`vÔAv Ki‡j Aek¨B Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv Zvi †`vÔAv Keyj K‡ibÕ|14 mKvj-mÜ¨vq Avj−vn&i Kv‡Q Avkªq cÖv_©bvi †`vÔAv : Avãyj−vn Beby Igi (ivt) e‡jb, �5�* �3d�� =�,�J- �� U

�� DI�� 5�,/ �_�$�� @�B�X�' ��=��9$*� �I��3 �{�E�L�� I��/�3 ��b�� 95�T6�*� �� *�+�,�� 8�I�.��1 *� ��. ��I� F$*� �R�G�Q��/ 95�T6�*� �� *�+�,�� = ��1 *� �8�I�.��1 *��/ ��. ��W��0 �e��I� �W�/ ��'��/ ��*��:�/ 95�T6�*�

�G�2�,� ��&��J�=�� 3�:q�/ ��&��/�J 95�T6�*� ��0 !�� 3�: �3�I�4 9e�$�� 3�:�/ �� Q �3��/ �I��0 �3��/ ��*�� 3�:�/ ��C�=�. �=��/(

��2��!�1�4 7�� -��2 � �3�: ��2�"�&N Ôivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) mKvj-mÜ¨vq Gme †`vÔAv Kiv cwiZ¨vM Ki‡Zb bv- Ô†n Avj−vn! Avwg †Zvgvi wbKU ywbqv I Av‡Liv‡Zi wbivcËv Kvgbv KiwQ| †n Avj−vn! Avwg †Zvgvi wbKU Avgvi Øxb I `ywbqv, cwievi I m¤c` wel‡q ¶gv I wbivcËv Kvgbv KiwQ| †n Avj−vn! Zzwg Avgvi †Mvcb e¨vcvi¸‡jv †Mvcb iv‡Lv| fq-fxwZ †_‡K Avgv‡K wbivcËv `vI| †n Avj−vn! Zzwg Avgv‡K wbivc‡` ivL, Avgvi m¤§y‡Li wec` nÕ‡Z, cðv‡Zi wec` nÕ‡Z, Wv‡bi wec` nÕ‡Z, ev‡gi wec` nÕ‡Z, Avi EaŸ©‡`‡ki Mhe nÕ‡Z| †Zvgvi gn‡Ë¡i †`vnvB w`‡q †Zvgvi Kv‡Q Avkªq cÖv_©bv KiwQ Avgvi wbæ‡`k nÕ‡Z AvMZ wec‡` AvKw¯§K g„Zy nÕ‡ZÕ|15

Ave~ ûivqivn (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z, wZwb e‡jb, �7�� -=�,�J �� U �� DI�� 5�,/ (9=�1�2�� 3�: �$�T�> N�@��E *� �?�J�W�/

N�@��[9A*� �=�,�/�@ N�@��H�[ *� �8�&��/ �@��$��<�. Ôbex Kixg (Qvt) evjv-gyQxe‡Zi K‡VviZv, `yf©v‡M¨ cwZZ nIqv, fv‡Mï Aïf cwiYwZ Ges ykg‡bi Avbw›`Z nIqv †_‡K Avkªq PvB‡ZbÕ|16

14. wZiwghx nv/3505; wgkKvZ nv/2292; Qnxûj Rv‡gÔ nv/3383| 15. Avngv` nv/4785; Avj-Av`veyj gydiv` nv/1200, mb` Qnxn| 16. eyLvix nv/6347, 6616; gymwjg nv/2707; wgkKvZ nv/2457|

evox †_‡K †ei nIqvi mgq †`vÔAv : ivm~j (Qvt) e‡jb, ��(�� G�Q Y�>9G*� �3�: �D�2�I�4 �-��[�. �5�b�4 �� ) �6��=�& ��

�� B �-�=�� B�/ �R9=C 6B�� 4 �-��C -��[�� j��0I�� )��$�' �)I��/ �)I�C�/�/ �9"�0�2�2�. �D�* ��I9A*� -=[�I�. �D�* k7��|�I�� G�Qq �K�I��

��* �Y�>�G�4 �$�C �e�$�' ��/ ��C�/�/s ÔhLb †Kvb e¨w³ Zvi Ni †_‡K †ei nIqvi mgq ej‡e, wemwgj−vwn ZvIqv°vjZz ÔAvjvj−vn, jv nvIjv Iqvjv KzIqvZv Bj−v wej−vnÕ ZLb Zv‡K ejv nq, Zzwg †n`vqvZ cÖvß n‡qQ, i¶v †c‡qQ I wbivcËv jvf K‡iQ| myZivs kqZvbiv Zvi †_‡K ~i n‡q hvq Ges Ab¨ GK kqZvb e‡j, Zzwg H e¨w³‡K wK Ki‡Z cvi‡e, hv‡K c_ †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q, wbivcËv †`qv n‡q‡Q Ges i¶v Kiv n‡q‡QÕ|17 L. evjv-gyQxeZ bvwhj nIqvi c‡i KiYxq : wec`vc` I evjv-gyQxeZ bvwhj nÕ‡j wKQz KiYxq i‡q‡Q, hv Ki‡j gvbyl Hme †_‡K i¶v †c‡Z cv‡i| wb‡gœ †m KiYxq¸‡jv D‡j−L Kiv nÕj|- 1. †ekx †ekx Bev`Z Kiv : wec` Avm‡j †ekx †ekx Bev`Z-e‡›`Mx Kiv DwPZ| hv‡Z Avj−vn&i ingZ bvwhj nq Ges wZwb `qvciek n‡q AvcwZZ wec` †_‡K gvbyl‡K i¶v K‡ib| ivm~j (Qvt) e‡jb, 67�� 9A*�

�G��[ *��/ �7��2��q �3�: ��q N�� B �7��b�a�0�� =��* �$�� B�/ N�D�&��I�"�* ��(��. �5�2��J ��*�( �=��W��.� �� /�G�E��/N� �=~��U�/�

�=C9$�L�&�/�. Ôm~h© I P› ª Avj−vn&i wb`k©b mg~‡ni `yÕwU wb`k©b| Kv‡iv g„Zy ev R‡b¥i Kvi‡Y m~h©MÖnY I P›`ªMÖnY nq bv| Kv‡RB hLb †Zvgiv Zv †`L‡e ZLb †Zvgiv Avj−vn&i wbKU †`vÔAv Ki‡e| Zuvi gnZ¡ †NvlYv Ki‡e Ges QvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡e I Qv`vK¡vn Ki‡eÕ|18

nv‡dh Beby nvRvi AvmK¡vjvbx (int) e‡jb, �-��C FP�EI�|*� �/�G�:�� _��.�$�2�,��4 ��E *��@ �G ��j*��4 �@��F$*��/ ��9L*��/�R �8�C�$9L*��/N

ÔZ¡xex e‡jb, evjv-gyQxeZ cÖwZ‡iv‡ai Rb¨ whKi, †`vÔAv, QvjvZ I Qv`vK¡vi gva¨‡g Zv cÖwZ‡iv‡ai wb‡`©k †Ìqv n‡q‡QÕ|19

nv‡dh Bebyj Kvwq¨g (int) e‡jb, 0*�/� �6��U ;�� D�I�� 56��,�/ G:� O=bd*�4 R�L*�4 8C�21*�/ RJW�En�/ �� G�( ��

��1& N8C$L*�/ 7�. #j' J=:<� S.$& z�E,� @�E*�. Ôbex

17. Ave~`vE` nv/5095; wgkKvZ nv/2443; Qnxnj Rv‡gÔ nv/499; Qnxn AvZ-ZviMxe nv/1605|

18. eyLvix nv/1044; bvmvC nv/1500; wgkKvZ nv/1483| 19. drûj evix, 2/531 c„t; Dg`vZzj K¡vix, 7/71 c„t; wgiÔAvZ

5/148 c„t|

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11

Kixg (Qvt) P›`ªMÖn‡Yi mgq QvjvZ, `vmgyw³, †ekx †ekx whKi I `vb-Qv`vK¡v Kivi wb‡ ©k w`‡q‡Qb| †Kbbv Gme KvR evjv-gyQxeZ †_‡K cwiÎvY jv‡fi gva¨gÕ|20 K. bdj QvjvZ Av`vq Kiv : evjv-gyQxeZ Avm‡j bdj QvjvZ Av`vq K‡i Avj−vn&i Kv‡Q Zv †_‡K i¶vi Rb¨ †`vÔAv Ki‡Z n‡e| ivm~j (Qvt) e‡jb, 67�� 9A*� �G��[ *��/ �B

�7��b�a�� =��* �$�� B�/ N�D�&��I�"�* ��T90�d�*�/ �2��q�7� �3�: ��q �� T��G�� N�#�W��E�� (��. �5�2��J ��*�( �=��] .��.� ��*�� R��9L*�N Ôm~h©MÖnY

I P› ªMÖnY Kv‡iv g„Zy wKsev R‡b¥i Kvi‡Y nq bv| eis Avj−vn&i wb`k©b mg~‡ni g‡a¨ G nÕj yÕwU wb`k©b, hv Avj−vn Zuvi ev›`v‡ì †`wL‡q _v‡Kb| Kv‡RB hLb †Zvgiv Zv †`L‡e ZLb fxZ Ae ’vq Qvjv‡Zi w`‡K Avm‡eÕ|21 Ave~ ûivqivn (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z, bex Kixg (Qvt) e‡jb, wZbRb wkï e¨ZxZ †KD †`vjbvq †_‡K K_v e‡jwb| cÖ_g Rb Cmv (Avt), wØZxq Rb ebx BmivC‡ji GK e¨w³ hv‡K RyivBR bv‡g WvKv nÕZ| GK`v Bev`‡Z iZ _vKv Ae ’vq Zvi gv G‡m Zv‡K WvKj| †m fvej Avwg wK Zvi Wv‡K mvov †è, bv QvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡Z _vKe| Zvi gv ejj, †n Avj−vn! e¨vwfPvwiYxi gyL bv †`Lv ch©š— Zzwg Zv‡K g„Zz wÌ bv| RyivBR Zvi Bev`ZLvbvq _vKZ| GKevi Zvi wbKU GK gwnjv Avmj| Zvi m‡½ K_v ejj| wKš‘ RyivBR Zv A¯xKvi Kij| AZtci gwnjv GKRb ivLv‡ji wbKU †Mj Ges Zv‡K w`‡q g‡bvevmbv c~Y© Kij| c‡i †m GKwU cyÎ mš—vb cÖme Kij| Zv‡K wR‡Ám Kiv nÕj GwU Kvi †_‡K? gwnjv ejj, RyivBR †_‡K| †jv‡Kiv Zvi wbKU Avmj Ges Zvi Bev`ZLvbv †f‡½ w`j| Avi Zv‡K bx‡P bvwg‡q Avbj I Zv‡K Mvwj-MvjvR Kij| ZLb RyivBR Ih~ K‡i QvjvZ Av`vq Kij| AZtci beRvZ wkïwUi wbKU G‡m Zv‡K wR‡Ám Kij †n wkï! †Zvgvi wcZv †K? †m Reve w`j, H ivLvj| Zviv ejj, Avgiv Avcbvi Bev`ZLvbvwU †mvbv w`‡q ˆZwi K‡i w`w”Q| †m ejj, bv, Z‡e gvwU w`‡qÕ|22 Ave~ ûivqivn (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z wZwb e‡jb, bex Kixg (Qvt) e‡j‡Qb, Beivnxg (Avt) mviv‡K m‡½ wb‡q wnRiZ Ki‡jb Ges Ggb GK Rbc‡` cÖ‡ek Ki‡jb, †hLv‡b GK ev`kvn wQj, A_ev ej‡jb, GK AZ¨vPvix kvmK wQj| Zv‡K ejv nÕj †h, Beivnxg (bvgK GK e¨w³) GK cigv my›ìx bvix‡K wb‡q (Avgv‡ì GLv‡b) cÖ‡ek K‡i‡Q| †m ZLb Zuvi wbKU †jvK cvwV‡q wR‡Ám Kij, †n Beivnxg! †Zvgvi m‡½ G bvix †K? wZwb ej‡jb, Avgvi †evb| AZtci wZwb mvivi wbKU wd‡i G‡m

20. Bebyj Kv‡q¨g, Avj-IqvwejyQ Qvqe wgbvj KvwgwZ ZvB‡qe, (Kvq‡iv : `vi“j nv`xQ, 3q cÖKvk, 1999 L„t), 1/142 c„t|

21. eyLvix nv/1052; Qnxûj Rv‡gÔ nv/1644| 22. eyLvix nv/3436; gymwjg nv/2550|

ej‡jb, Zzwg Avgvi K_v wg_¨v g‡b K‡iv bv| Avwg Zv‡ì‡K e‡jwQ †h, Zzwg Avgvi †evb| Avj−vn&i kc_! `ywbqv‡Z (GLb) Zzwg Avi Avwg e¨ZxZ Avi †KD gywgb †bB| myZivs Avwg I Zzwg Øxbx fvB-†evb| Gici Beivnxg (Avt) (ev`kvni wb‡ ©‡k) mviv‡K ev`kvni wbKU cvwV‡q w`‡jb| ev`kvn Zvui w`‡K AMÖmi nÕj| mviv Ih~ K‡i Qvjv‡Z uvwo‡q †M‡jb Ges G †`vÔAv Ki‡jb, †n Avj−vn! Avwg †Zvgvi Dci Ges †Zvgvi ivm~‡ji Dci Cgvb G‡bwQ Ges Avgvi ¯vgx e¨ZxZ mKj nÕ‡Z Avgvi j¾v ’vb msi¶Y K‡iwQ| Zzwg GB Kv‡di‡K Avgvi Dci ¶gZv wÌ bv| ZLb ev`kvn †eûuk n‡q c‡o gvwU‡Z cv‡qi AvNvZ Ki‡Z jvM‡jv| ZLb mviv ej‡jb, †n Avj−vn! G Ae ’vq hw` †m gviv hvq Z‡e †jv‡Kiv ej‡e, gwnjvwU G‡K nZ¨v K‡i‡Q| ZLb †m Ávb wd‡i †cj| Gfv‡e yÕevi ev wZbev‡ii ci ev`kvn ejj, Avj−vn&i kc_! †Zvgiv †Zv Avgvi wbKU GK kqZvb‡K cvwV‡qQ| G‡K Beivnx‡gi wbK‡U wdwi‡q `vI Ges Zvi Rb¨ nv‡Riv‡K nvw`qv ¯îƒc `vb Ki| mvivn Beivnxg (Avt)-Gi wbKU wd‡i G‡m ej‡jb, Avcwb Rv‡bb wK, Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv Kv‡di‡K jw¾Z I wbivk K‡i‡Qb Ges †m GK evu x‡K nvw`qv wnmv‡e w`‡q‡Q?23 L. Zvnv¾y QvjvZ Av`vq Kiv : Ave~ Dgvgv (ivt) ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) nÕ‡Z eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| wZwb e‡j‡Qb, �5d�I��

��I�[�4 �Y�I6�*� �D9 ��. �z ��W �I�"�*�9L*��3 �5d��E�C �=�'�/ k8�4�GC ��*�� 5d�4�J kR�G�� d�:�/ ��I9b��* kR��T�0�:�/ �5 u��*. Ô†Zvgiv Aek¨B iv‡Zi

Bev`Z Ki‡e| †Kbbv Zv †Zvgv‡ì c~e©eZ©x mrKg©civqYM‡Yi Af¨vm, Avj−vn&i mvwbœa¨ AR©‡bi Dcvq, ¸bvnmg~‡ni Kvddviv Ges cvc K‡g©i cÖwZeÜKÕ|24

ivm~j (Qvt) e‡jb, -�]�0�� 0F4�J �?�J��E�& ��*��1�&�/ 6Y� �8��I�* ��*�� @��9b*� ��I� F$*� �� [�E�� w�u �Y�I6�*� �G�Q�� -=[�� 3�: �� =��$��

� I�%�2�,�+�. �D�* �3�: ��0*�+�b�� D�I�|��+�. �3�: �� G��t�2�b�� G�� +�. �D�*N ÔAvgv‡ì cÖwZcvjK cÖ‡Z¨K iv‡ZB wbKUeZ©x AvKv‡k (1g AvKv‡k) AeZxY© nb, hLb iv‡Zi †kl Z…Zxq fvM Aewkó _v‡K Ges ej‡Z _v‡Kb, †K Av‡Q †h Avgv‡K WvK‡e Avwg Zvi Wv‡K mvov wè| †K Av‡Q †h Avgvi wbKU wKQy PvB‡e, Avwg Zv‡K Zv `vb Kie Ges †K Av‡Q †h Avgvi wbKU ¶gv PvB‡e, Avwg Zv‡K ¶gv KieÕ|25 myZivs Gmg‡q Zvnv¾y QvjvZ Av`vq K‡i Avj−vni Kv‡Q evjv-gyQxeZ †_‡K Avkªq cÖv_©bv Ki‡j wZwb Zv †_‡K

23. eyLvix nv/2217, 2635, 2357, 2358, 5084, 6950| 24. wZiwghx nv/3549; wgkKvZ nv/1227; Qnxûj Rv‡gÔ nv/4079;

BiIqv nv/452| 25. eyLvix nv/1145; gymwjg nv/758; wgkKvZ nv/1223|

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12

gyw³ w`‡eb| M. whKi Kiv : whKi Kiv Avj−vn&i Ki“Yv jv‡fi gva¨g| ZvB evjv-gyQxeZ Avm‡j †ekx †ekx Avj−vn&i whKi Kivi gva¨‡g Zuvi ingZ jv‡fi †Póv Kiv DwPZ| hv‡Z wZwb mš‘ó n‡q ev›`v‡K wec` †_‡K i¶v K‡ib| ivm~j (Qvt) e‡jb, 67�� 9A*� �G��[ *��/ �7��2��q �3�: ��q N�� B �7��b�a��

��=��* �$�� B�/ N�D�&��I�"�* ��(��. �5�2��J ��*�( �/�G� (��. ��N Ôwbtm‡›`‡n m~h© I P›`ª Avj−vn&i wb`k©b mg~‡ni g‡a¨ yÕwU wb`k©b| Kv‡iv g„Zz ev R‡b¥i Kvi‡Y G yÕwUi MÖnY nq bv| Kv‡RB hLb †Zvgiv MÖnY †`L‡e ZLbB Avj−vn&i (whKi) ¯§iY Ki‡eÕ|26 N. Qv`vK¡vn Kiv : Rvb-gv‡ji Dc‡i wec`vc` I Avj−vn&i Am‡š—vl †_‡K cwiÎv‡Yi Ab¨Zg Dcvq n‡”Q `vb-Qv`vK¡vn Kiv| Avi A‡bï cÖwZ AbyMÖn Kiv| Avj−vn e‡jb, ��G�C �� 8��J 67��I�0�b�"�� *� �3�: h�3. ÔwbðqB Avj−vn&i ingZ mrKg©kxj‡ì AZxe wbKUeZx©Õ (AvÔivd 7/56)| wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, �I�0�b�"�� *� �� : hJ=�� ;��/ �YI�E�, �3�: �3

�I��Jh5N Ôe¯‘Zt mrKg©kxj‡ì wei“‡× †Kvbiƒc Awf‡hvM †bB| Avi Avj−vn ¶gvkxj I `qvevbÕ (ZIev 9/91)|

ivm~j (Qvt) e‡j‡Qb, 67�� 8�C�$9L*� �� |�2�* ��3 ��T��'�� 9G�� =�E[ *�N�J ��9 ��/ ~Y�!�2�b�� 3�:�X�� *� ��=�� 8�:��I�[ *� �P�. �Y�� D�2�C�$�Us

ÔwbðqB `vb Ke‡ii kvw¯—‡K wgwU‡q †`q Ges wK¡qvg‡Zi w`b gywgb Zvi `v‡bi QvqvZ‡j Qvqv MÖnY Ki‡eÕ|27

wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, �U�$�C8�b*� �G�& |��P� �H�9G*� �zs

Ô†Mvcb `vb cÖwZcvj‡Ki †µva‡K wgwU‡q †`qÕ|28

nv‡dh Bebyj K¡vwq¨g (int) e‡jb, 7�. 8C$L�* r�lu+& r�EI%� � S.W _�= � @�E*� =*/ ��) 3: G>�. /� 3: �� Y4 3:

NG.�� 7�. �� 1& S.$� �� D0� r��= � 3: N@�E*� �j'/ G:� �=�1: $0� ��0*� 5T2U�Q N5T2:��/ Y'�/ �J<� 5T��

7/G[: D4 5�< #=4G>. Ô`vb-Qv`vK¡vi AZ¨vðh© cÖfve i‡q‡Q wewfbœ cÖKvi evjv-gyQxeZ cÖwZ‡iv‡a| hwÌ †m (`vbKvix) cvcx, AZ¨vPvix, GgbwK †QvU-LvU KzdixKvix nq| Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv `v‡bi Øviv `vbKvix †_‡K bvbv ai‡bi evjv-gyQxeZ cÖwZnZ K‡ib, hv wbw ©ó I Awbw`©ó mKj gvby‡li Rvbv welq| `ywbqvevmx Gi Øviv ’vqxZ¡ jvf K‡i| †Kbbv Zviv Zv Øviv cixw¶ZÕ|29

26. eyLvix nv/1058| 27. wmjwmjv Qnxnvn nv/1816/3484| 28. wmjwmjv Qnxnvn nv/1840| 29. Avj-IqvwejyQ Qvqe wgbvj KvwgwZ ZvB‡qe, 1/31 c„t|

nv‡dh Beby nvRvi AvmK¡vjvbx (int) e‡jb, 67�� 8�C�$9L*� �S�.�$�& �z��j�1 *� ��T9 ��/ �$�C �G��d�& �=� ~j*��zN ÔwbðqB Qv`vK¡v

Avhve cÖwZ‡iva K‡i Ges Zv †Mvbvn wgwU‡q †`qÕ|30 2. †ekx †ekx †bK Avgj ev mrKvR Kiv : Avg‡j Qv‡j‡ni gva¨‡g AvcwZZ wec`vc` †_‡K i¶v cvIqv hvq| ivm~j (Qvt) e‡j‡Qb, �U�S�f��0 �/�G�1�n��O P�[�& �_�J��L�:

�=Fb*��@ ��.��/ *��/N��d��T Y�'��/ �/�G�1�n��O P�. ��I� F$*� �5�' Y�'�� *��/�G�1��O P�. �R�G�Q��N ÔmrKg© Kiv evjv-gyQxeZ,

wec`vc` I aŸsm †_‡K i¶vi gva¨g| Avi ywbqv‡Z whwb mrKg©kxj‡ì Aš—M©Z, AvwLiv‡Z wZwb mrKg©kxj‡ì Aš—f©y³ n‡eÕ|31 nv‡dh Bebyj K¡vwq¨g (int) e‡jb, �3�:�/ �5�!�� >��

��G�� *� Y�1�. �G�I�a *� �7��b�� *��/ �G ��j*��/ ;@��o$*��/ �_oG�Ho2*��/ -��T�2�4��*��/ ��*� �� 8�4�=o2*��/ �#�j�T�*�/ �J=�:+ *� �I�u +�&hG �P�. �S .�W *��Y��1

�=�L��/�- �@��oA*�N ÔAvi †ivM †_‡K Av‡iv‡Mï eo cÖwZ‡laK nÕj mrKvR Kiv, `vb-Qv`vK¡v Kiv, whKi-AvhKvi I †`vÔAv Kiv, KvKzwZ-wgbwZ Kiv Ges webxZ n‡q Avj−vn&i Kv‡Q ZIev Kiv| †ivM cÖwZ‡iv‡a Ges Av‡ivM¨ jv‡f Gme Kv‡Ri cÖfve i‡q‡QÕ|32 3. Avj−vn&i wbK‡U webxZfv‡e †`vÔAv Kiv : Avhve-Mhe I wec`vc` †_‡K i¶vi Ab¨Zg Dcvq n‡”Q Avj−vn&i wbK‡U webxZfv‡e †`vÔAv Kiv| KvKzwZ-wgbwZ mnKv‡i Zuvi wbK‡U cvc †_‡K ¶gv PvIqv Ges Zuvi m‡š—vl Kvgbv Kiv| ZvnÕ‡j Avj−vn †`vÔAv Keyj Ki‡eb Ges cvcx‡ì‡K aŸsm Ki‡eb bv| Avj−vn e‡jb,

�/ �@�9G9H*��/ �@��, +�E *��4 �5�'�� j�Q�+�. ��E�C �3�: �5�:� ��*�� 0 ��,�J�� $�[�* �=��9G�H�2�� 5�T6��1�*�7 N �=��9G�HV�& ��0�, +�4 �5�'�@��> (�� B�=��. �3V�d�*�/ �

�=�C �)�b�C�=� �� : 7��|�I9A*� �5�T�* �39��\�/ �5�T�4�=��1�� 7 N ÔAvgiv †Zvgvi c~‡e©Kvi m¤cÖ vq mg~‡ni wbKU ivm~j cvwV‡qwQjvg| AZtci (Zv‡ì Awek¦v‡mi Kvi‡Y) Avgiv Zv‡ì‡K Afve-AbUb I †ivM-e¨vwa Øviv cvKovI K‡iwQjvg| hv‡Z KvKzwZ-wgbwZmn Avj−vn&i cÖwZ webxZ nq| hLb Zv‡ì Kv‡Q Avgv‡ì kvw — G‡m †Mj, ZLb †Kb Zviv webxZ nÕj bv? eis Zv‡ì Aš—img~n k³ n‡q †Mj Ges kqZvb Zv‡ì KvR¸wj‡K Zv‡ì wbK‡U my‡kvwfZ K‡i †`Lv‡jvÕ (AvbÔAvg 6/42-43)| wZwb Av‡iv

30. drûj evix, 1/406| 31. Z¡vevivbx, Avj-AvImvZ; Qnxûj Rv‡gÔ nv/3795; Qnxn AvZ-

ZviMxe nv/890| 32. Beby Kv‡q¨g, hv`yj gvÔAv`, 4/124|

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e‡jb, �P�. ��0 ��,�J�� :�/ �@��, +�E *��4 ��T��'�� j�Q�� 6*�� vP�E� �3�: �8��G�C �=��9G9H�� 5�T6��1�* �@�9G9H*��/�7N Ô†Kvb Rbc‡` hLb Avgiv †Kvb

bex cvVvB, ZLb †mLvbKvi Awaevmx‡ì‡K (cix¶v Kivi Rb¨) bvbvwea Kó I wec‡` Avµvš— Kwi| hv‡Z Zviv AbyMZ nqÕ (AvÔivd 7/94)|

ivm~j (Qvt) e‡jb, 67�� 9A*� �G��[ *��/ �7��2��q �3�: ��q N�� T9 ��/ �B �7��b�a�� =��* N�$�� (��/ �7�� ?��( �=~��L�.�

�=��W��/� �92�� K�A d�� : �5d�4. Ôm~h© I P›`ª Avj−vn&i wb`k©b mg~‡ni g‡a¨ yÕwU wb`k©b| Kv‡iv g„Zy i Kvi‡Y G yÕ‡Uvi MÖnY nq bv| Kv‡RB hLb MÖnY n‡e, Zv gy³ bv nIqv ch©š— QvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡e Ges †`vÔAv Ki‡Z _vK‡e| G K_v bex Kixg (Qvt) G Kvi‡YB e‡j‡Qb †h, †mw`b Zvui cyÎ Beivnxg (ivt)-Gi g„Zz n‡qwQj Ges †jv‡Kiv †m e¨vcv‡i ci¯ci ejvewj KiwQjÕ|33 evjv-gyQxeZ †_‡K cwiÎv‡Yi Rb¨ wb‡gœv³ †`vÔAv¸‡jv cov hvq|

K. †`vÔAv BDbym cov : ivm~j (Qvt) e‡jb, �B� �5��G�E�Q� �@�P�A�4 �(�� -�]� �Y�>�G�4 �5d�0�: hz�G�� /� �@��4 �3�: �G�:� �I� F$*� �W��

�D�4 ��G��. ��0�D ��W;@� �x�( F0*��=�7 �B ��*�D ��6B �)� � �"�E�,�� P �)�0� �3�: 6!*��I��*��3N ÔAvwg †Zvgv‡ì‡K Ggb †Kvb wel‡qi

msev` wè †h, †Zvgv‡ì Kv‡iv Dc‡i hLb ywbqvex †Kvb Kó-†K¬k A_ev evjv-gyQxeZ bvwhj nq, ZLb Zvi gva¨‡g †`vÔAv Ki‡j Zv ~ixf~Z nq| ZvnÕj gvQ Iqvjv BDbym (Avt)-Gi †`vÔAv- Ôjv Bjv-nv Bj−v AvbZv myenv-bvK Bbœx KzbZz wgbvh h‡jgxbÕ|34

L. 95�T6�*� �� (=�� 4 �3�: ��G�E *� �7=�0�% *��/ ��j�% *��/ �3�:�/ ��I�, ��[�,�<� ÔAvj−-û¤§v Bbœx AvÔEhyweKv wgbvj evivwQ

Iqvj Ryb~wb Iqvj Ryhv-wg Iqv wgb mvBwqBj AvmK¡v-gÕ| (†n Avj−vn! Avwg Avcbvi Kv‡Q Avkªq PvB †k¦Z‡ivM, gw¯—®‹ weK…wZ, Kzô Ges me ai‡bi `yiv‡ivM¨ e¨vwa nÕ‡Z)|35

M. �=��d�4 (�g��Q ��: �G�� 3�: ��9:�92*� �� ÔAvÔEhy weKvwjgv-wZj−v-wnZ Zv¤§v-wZ wgb kvwi© gv LvjvK¡Õ (Avwg Avj−vn&i cwic~Y© Kv‡jgv mg~‡ni gva¨‡g Zuvi m„wói hveZxq AwbóKvwiZv nÕ‡Z cvbvn Pvw”Q)|36 4. Avj−vn&i f‡q µ›`b Kiv : Avj−vn&i f‡q µ›`b Ki‡j Avj−vn Lywk nb Ges µ›`bKvix‡K i¶v K‡ib| hviv

33. eyLvix nv/1063, 1040; wgkKvZ nv/1483| 34. Qnxûj Rv‡gÔ nv/2605; Qnxnvn nv/1744| 35. Ave~`vE` nv/1554; wgkKvZ nv/2470| 36. gymwjg nv/2708; wgkKvZ nv/2422|

Avj−vn&i f‡q Kuv‡` Zv‡ì cªksmvq Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv e‡jb, �/FG�a��/�7 �7��C (�+ ��* �=d�E��7 V��]��/�5�'�$ �=�AV�Q�c�N ÔAvi Zviv Kuv`‡Z Kuv`‡Z gvwU‡Z jywU‡q c‡o Ges Zv‡ì webqwPËZv AviI e„w× cvqÕ (Bmiv 17/109)|

ivm~j (Qvt) e‡j‡Qb, �B �� J�90*� kY�>�J ��d�4 �3�: �8�I�A�Q �� 92�� W=�1�� 3�E6�*� ��. �_�G9H*� �B�/ �S��2�%�� hJ��E ��. �YI�E�, ��

7��Q�W�/ �590�T�>. Ô†h e¨w³ Avj−vn&i f‡q Kuv‡` †m Rvnvbœv‡g hv‡e bv| ya †hgb Mvfxi Ijv‡b wd‡i hvIqv Am¤¢e| Avj−vn&i c‡_i a~jv Ges Rvnvbœv‡gi Av¸b GK mv‡_ Rgv n‡e bvÕ|37 wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, �7��0�I�� B ��TFb��& �J�90*� h3�I��

�)�d�4 �3�: �8�I�A�Q �� h3�I��/ �)�&��4 ��G�"�& ��. �YI�E�, ��. Ô`yB cÖKvi P¶z‡K Rvnvbœv‡gi Av¸b ¯úk© Ki‡e bv| †h P¶z Avj−vn&i f‡q Kuv‡` Ges †h P¶z Avj−vn&i iv¯—vq cvnviv †`qÕ|38 Ab¨Î ivm~j (Qvt) e‡jb, �:�3 �Q�O� ��W�*�� /�:�3

��W�*�� 4�� *��0�]�- ��B ��67 �, ��1�8 �� *��Ik8 ��B ��67 �, ��1�8 �� *��%908s Ô†h e¨w³ Avj−vn‡K fq K‡i †m iv‡Z Bev`Z K‡i

Avi †h iv‡Z Bev`Z K‡i †m Zvi Mš—e¨ ¯’v‡b †cuŠ‡Q hvq| g‡b †iL wbðqB Avj−vn&i m¤ú` `vgx| g‡b †iL wbðqB Avj−vn&i m¤ú` n‡”Q RvbœvZÕ|39

5. Avµvš— GjvKvq Mgb bv Kiv : †h GjvKvq gnvgvix †`Lv †`q, †mLv‡b Mgb Ki‡Z ivmyj (Qvt) wb‡la K‡i‡Qb| wZwb e‡jb, ��(��. �5�2�1��, �D�4 ��J�+�4 ��. �=�:�$ [�&

N�D�I�� (��/ �S�C�/ ��J�+�4 �5�2� ��/ ��T�4 ��. �=�>�G�a�& �cJ��G�. �D�0�:.

Ô†Zvgiv hLb †Kvb ¯’v‡b †c−‡Mi QovQwo ïb‡Z cvI, ZLb †Zvgiv †mLv‡b †h‡qv bv| Avi hLb †c−M Ggb RvqMvq †`Lv †`q, †hLv‡b Zzwg Ae¯’vb KiQ, ZLb †m ¯’vb nÕ‡Z cvjv‡bvi j‡¶¨ †ei n‡qv bvÕ|40

cwi‡k‡l eje, Dc‡iv³ wb‡`©kbv mg~n cvj‡bi gva¨‡g Avgiv evjv-gyQxeZ bvwhj nIqvi c~‡e© Zv †_‡K wb‡R‡ì‡K i¶v Kivi †Póv Kwi| Avi evjv-gyQxeZ AvcwZZ n‡q †M‡j mrKg©, ZËev-G‡¯—Mdvi I †`vÔAvi gva¨‡g Zv †_‡K euvPvi †Póv Kwi| Avj−vn Avgv‡ì mevB‡K evjv-gyQxeZ †_‡K we‡kl K‡i Pjgvb K‡ivbv gnvgvix †_‡K i¶v Ki“b-Avgxb!

37. wZiwghx nv/1633, 2311; bvmvC nv/3108; wgkKvZ nv/3828; Qnxûj Rv‡gÔ nv/7778|

38. wZiwghx nv/1639; wgkKvZ nv/3829; Qnxûj Rv‡gÔ nv/4113| 39. wZiwghx, AvZ-ZviMxe nv/4787| 40. eyLvix nv/3473; gymwjg nv/2218|

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CQv‡j QIqve : GKwU ZvwË¡K we‡k−lY gynv¤§v` Avãyi inxg*

(†deª“qvixÕ20 msL¨vi ci)

wb‡gœi welq¸‡jv wcZv-gvZvi c¶ †_‡K Av`vq Ki‡j Zv Qv`vK¡v wnmv‡e MY¨ n‡e

(K) AwQqZ c~Y© Kiv : wcZv-gvZvi AwQqZ c~Y© Ki‡j Zviv Gi QIqve cv‡eb Ges IqvwiQiv `vqgy³ n‡eb| wcZv-gvZvi †Kvb b¨vqm½Z AwQqZ _vK‡j Zv cvjb Kiv mš—vb‡ì Rb¨ Avek¨K| Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv e‡jb, ÔwKš‘ hw` g„‡Zi fvB‡qiv _v‡K, ZvnÕ‡j gv cv‡e Qq fv‡Mi GK fvM g„‡Zi AwQqZ c~iY Kivi ci Ges Zvi FY cwi‡kv‡ai ciÕ (wbmv 4/11)| wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, �� !�� "��#�$

��%�� &�' ��( �)�*�� #��(��+�� ,�% �)��-�� .�#�$ ,/-�� 0�)1 Ô†Zvgv‡ì Kv‡iv hLb g„Zz Kvj Dcw¯’Z nq, ZLb hw` †m wKQz ab-m¤ú` †Q‡o hvq, Z‡e Zvi Rb¨ AwQqZ Kiv wewae× Kiv nÕj wcZv-gvZv I wbKUvZ¥xq‡ì Rb¨ b¨vqvbyMfv‡e| GwU Avj−vnfxi“‡ì Rb¨ Avewk¨K welq (evK¡vivn 2/180)| GKRb e¨w³ Zvi m¤ú‡ì m‡ev©”P GK-Z…Zxqvsk m¤ú` AwQqZ Ki‡Z cv‡i| Gi †ekx Ki‡j Zv cvjb Kiv hv‡e bvÕ|1 Z‡e AwQqZ IqvwiQ‡ì Rb¨ bq| Avey Dgvgvn (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z wZwb e‡jb, Avwg ivm~j (Qvt)-†K ej‡Z ï‡bwQ, 23� 4�� ( �5�6 �74-�� 89�� :�! 4;�� .�<�$�� & =>�?��– ÔwbðqB Avj−vn cÖ‡Z¨K nK¡ v‡ii Ask wbw`©ó

K‡i‡Qb| myZivs †Kvb Iqvwi‡Qi Rb¨ AwQqZ †bBÕ|2 Ab¨ eY©bvq G‡m‡Q, ÔAv‡gi web mvÔ` eY©bv K‡ib, Zvi wcZv mvÔ` e‡jb, we`vq n‡¾i mgq Avwg †ivMvµvš— n‡q giYvcbœ n‡q cowQjvg| bex Kixg (Qvt) †m mgq Avgv‡K †`L‡Z G‡jb| ZLb Avwg ejjvg, Avwg †h †ivMvµvš—, Zv Avcwb †`L‡Qb| Avwg GKRb weËevb †jvK| Avgvi GK †g‡q e¨ZxZ †Kvb IqvwiQ †bB| ZvB Avwg wK Avgvi yB-Z…Zxqvsk m¤ú` Qv`vK¡v K‡i w`‡Z cvwi? wZwb ej‡jb, bv| Avwg ejjvg, Z‡e A‡a©K m¤ú`? wZwb ej‡jb, bv| GK-Z…Zxqvsk A‡bK| †Zvgvi IqvwiQ‡ì gvby‡li Kv‡Q wf¶vi nvZ evov‡bvi gZ Afvex †i‡L hvevi †P‡q Zv‡ì weËevb †i‡L hvIqv †Zvgvi Rb¨ A‡bK DËg| Avi Zzwg †Kej Avj−vn&i mš‘wó AR©‡bi Rb¨ hv wKQzB e¨q Ki‡e wbðqB Zvi cÖwZ`vb †`qv n‡e| GgbwK Zzwg †Zvgvi ¿xi gy‡L †h †jvKgvwU Zz‡j w`‡q _vK, †Zvgv‡K Gi cÖwZ`vb

1. eyLvix, gymwjg; wgkKvZ nv/3071| 2. Ave~`vE` nv/2870; Beby gvRvn nv/2713; wZiwghx nv/2120;

wgkKvZ nv/3073; Qnxûj Rv‡gÔ nv/1720, 788, 1789|

†`qv n‡e| Avwg ejjvg, ZvnÕ‡j Avgvi m½xM‡Yi c‡iI wK Avwg †eu‡P _vKe? wZwb ej‡jb, wbðqB Zzwg G‡ì c‡i †eu‡P _vK‡j Zzwg Avj−vn&i mš‘wó AR©‡bi Rb¨ hv wKQz †bK Avgj Ki bv †Kb, Gi e`‡j †Zvgvi gh©v`v I m¤§vb AviI †e‡o hv‡e| Avkv Kiv hvq †h, Zzwg AviI wKQz w`b †eu‡P _vK‡e| GgbwK †Zvgvi Øviv A‡bK KIg DcK…Z n‡e| Avi A‡bK m¤cÖ`vq ¶wZMÖ — n‡e| Zvici wZwb †`vÔAv Ki‡jb, †n Avj−vn! Avcwb Avgvi QvnvexM‡Yi wnRiZ‡K envj ivLyb| Avi Zv‡ì †cQ‡b wd‡i †h‡Z w`‡eb bv| wKš‘ mvÔ` Beby LvIjvn-Gi yf©vM¨| (KviY wZwb we`vq n‡¾i mgq g°vq gviv hvb) mvÔ` e‡jb, g°vq Zvui g„Zy nIqvq ivm~j (Qvt) Zvui Rb¨ †kvK cÖKvk K‡i‡QbÕ|3 (L) gvbZ c~Y© Kiv : wcZv-gvZvi †Kvb kixÔAvZ m¤§Z gvbZ _vK‡j Zv c~iY Kiv mš—v‡bi Rb¨ Avek¨K| Avi mš—vb Zv c~iY Ki‡j wcZv `vqgy³ n‡eb Ges Gi QIqve cv‡eb| †hgb nv`x‡Q G‡m‡Q, Beby AveŸvm (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z wZwb e‡jb, R‰bKv gwnjv ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi wbKU G‡m ejj, �3� �A��B�? ,�* !�D �E�� ,�F��#�$�( �G��,�H .IH�� 4�� =? J

�A,�& ,�F�K�$ �E��'�6��: �7�� -�6 M)�*�N �OIH�� .�#�$ ��,�� G�*��?�� ,�F�K�$ �O��! :IN�P�* ��,�� . �A,�& ��+�D �G��,�& :�OIH�� )�$ .�H��R�61

Ô†n Avj−vn&i ivm~j (Qvt)! Avgvi gv g„Zz eiY K‡i‡Qb| Zvi Dci gvb‡Zi QvI‡gi Kvhv i‡q‡Q| Avwg Zvi c¶ nÕ‡Z G QvIg Av`vq Ki‡Z cvwi wK? ZLb wZwb ej‡jb, hw` †Zvgvi gv‡qi Dci †Kvb FY _vKZ, ZvnÕ‡j Zzwg Zv cwi‡kva K‡i w ‡j Zv Zvi c¶ nÕ‡Z Av`vq nÕZ wK? †m ejj, nu v| wZwb ej‡jb, ÔZvnÕ‡j †Zvgvi gv‡qi c¶ nÕ‡Z Zzwg QvIg cvjb KiÕ|4 (M) Kvd&dviv Av`vq Kiv : wcZv-gvZvi Dci †Kvb Kvdd&viv _vK‡j mš—vb Zv Av`vq Ki‡e| †mUv Km‡gi Kvd&dviv †nvK ev fzjekZt nZ¨vi Kvdd&viv †nvK| KviY G¸‡jv wcZv-gvZvi F‡Yi Aš—©fz³| Avi wcZv-gvZvi FY cwi‡kva Kiv mš—v‡bi `vwqZ¡| G‡Z †hgb wcZv-gvZv `vqgy³ n‡eb, †Zgwb QIqveI cv‡eb| Beby AveŸvm (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z, wZwb e‡jb, �G�S��? TU��H� 4��

,�V,W�D �� ?�J�K�6 ��X�S ��3�� Y3� ,�V,W�K�6 ��F�Z �E��R ��#�6 �� (�� ,�F��K�%� ��2[,�W�6 �G��,�H .�� R�� A��B�? .�� ,�F��3�

,�F�K�$ �E��R�� ,�V��H�'�6 �#B( 7#$ 3� .#�1 ÔGK gwnjv mgy‡`ª åg‡Y wM‡q gvbZ Kij †h, Avj−vn Zv‡K wbivc‡` †divi my‡hvM w`‡j †m GKgvm wQqvg cvjb Ki‡e| AZtci Avj−vn Zv‡K mgy‡ ªi wec` †_‡K gyw³ w`‡jb| wKš‘ wQqvg cvj‡bi c~‡e©B †m gviv †Mj| Zvi †g‡q A_ev

3. eyLvix nv/6373; gymwjg nv/1628; wgkKvZ nv/3071| 4. eyLvix nv/1953; gymwjg nv/1148|

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†evb ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi wbKU Avm‡j wZwb Zv‡K g„‡Zi c¶ †_‡K wQqvg cvj‡bi wb‡ ©k w`‡jbÕ|5 (N) FY cwi‡kva Kiv : wcZv-gvZvi FY _vK‡j mš—vbiv me©cÖ_g Zv‡ì FY cwi‡kva Ki‡e| KviY FY Ggb GK †evSv hv FY`vZv e¨ZxZ †KD nvjKv Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv| †mRb¨ wcZv-gvZvi hveZxq m¤ú` Øviv nÕ‡jI Zv‡ì FY cwi‡kva Ki‡e| mvg_© bv _vK‡j FY`vZvi wbKU †_‡K gIK~d Kwi‡q wb‡e| gIK~d bv Ki‡j abx e¨w³‡ì mn‡hvwMZv wb‡q nÕ‡jI Zv cwi‡kva Kivi †Póv Ki‡e| KviY FY gvd n‡e bv| Z‡e wcZv-gvZv Ab¨vq Kv‡R A‡bK FY K‡i _vK‡j wb‡Ri DcvwR©Z A_© w ‡q Zv cwi‡kva Ki‡Z mš—vb eva¨ bq| FY Ggb GK gvivZ¥K cvIbv hv cwi‡kva bv Ki‡j FYMÖnxZv Szjš— _v‡K| Avey ûivqiv (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z, wZwb e‡jb, ivm~j (Qvt) e‡j‡Qb, �7�K�$ .� -�* .�� 7�K�*��% \��-4#�+�H �)�H�P�� ] �D Ôgywgb e¨w³i iƒn Zvi F‡Yi Kvi‡Y Szjš— Ae ’vq _v‡K, hZ¶Y bv Zv cwi‡kva Kiv nqÕ|6 Avãyj−vn Beby Avgi Bebyj AvQ (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z, wZwb e‡jb, ivm~j (Qvt) e‡jb,

��F_#�� *�)�*�� 4a�� =��D�! b;�� ÔFY e¨ZxZ knx‡ì mKj ¸bvn&B gvd K‡i †Ìqv n‡eÕ|7 Rv‡ei web Avãyj−vn (ivt) e‡jb, ÔR‰bK †jvK gviv †M‡j Avgiv Zv‡K †Mvmj w`‡q myMwÜ gvwL‡q ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi wbK‡U wb‡q †Mjvg, hv‡Z wZwb Zvi Rvbvhvi QvjvZ Av`vq K‡ib| Avgiv Zuv‡K Rvbvhvi QvjvZ Av`v‡qi Rb¨ Aby‡iva Kijvg| wZwb GK K`g GwM‡q ej‡jb, Zvi †Kvb FY Av‡Q wK? Avgiv ejjvg, yÕ`xbvi i‡q‡Q| wZwb wd‡i †M‡jb| Avey K¡vZv`v Zv cwi‡kva Ki‡Z PvB‡j Avgiv Zuvi wbKU Avmjvg| Avey K¡vZv`v ej‡jb, yÕ`xbvi cwi‡kv‡ai `vwqZ¡ Avgvi| ZLb ivm~j (Qvt) ej‡jb, ZvnÕ‡j FYx AwaKvi cÖvß nÕ‡jb Ges gvB‡qZ Zv †_‡K `vqgy³ nÕ‡jb| wZwb ej‡jb, nu v| Gici wZwb Zvi Rvbvhvi QvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡jb| GKw`b ci ivm~j (Qvt) wR‡Ám Ki‡jb, `xbvi yÕwUi Kx n‡q‡Q? wZwb ej‡jb, wZwb †Zv †Kej MZKvj gviv †M‡Qb| c‡ii w`b wZwb ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi wbKU wd‡i G‡m ej‡jb, yÕ`xbv‡ii FY Avwg cwi‡kva K‡iwQ| ZLb ivm~j (Qvt) ej‡jb, ��N��% ��c ��

�$�d�� #�e �7��# ÔGLb Zvi Pvgov kxZj nÕjÕ|8 Ab¨ nv`x‡Q G‡m‡Q, ÔAvey ûivqiv (ivt) †_‡K ewY©Z, wZwb e‡jb,

4�� A��B�? �3� .#� 3� 7#$ �#B( ��,�� .��P�* �;�e��,�% .46�� 7��#�$ �)�*�� A�'�f��6 ;�V �� 7�K�*�� T5� �6 . ��g�6 I��>

5. Ave~`vE` nv/3308; bvmvC nv/3816; Qnxnvn nv/1946| 6. Beby gvRvn nv/2413; wgkKvZ nv/2915| 7. gymwjg nv/1886; wgkKvZ nv/2912; Qnxûj Rv‡gÔ nv/8119| 8. Avngv` nv/14576; nv‡Kg nv/2346; Qnxûj Rv‡gÔ nv/2753|

�7D�� 7�K�*�� h[,�6�( 1.4#�� 4a��( �A,�& �i��#�f�� #�� b#�� .�#�$ ��"�S��,�� .,��#�6 �j��6 Y3� �7��#�$ �k�� A,�& ,�D�� .��(�� i�K�H�P�� ,�%

�)�H 1��F�f� �D�� )��6 �.l6�� )�H �i�K�H�P�� 6 ,�K�*�N .�#�+�6 1�d�m,� �& �)�H�( �� Ta,�H �7��n�?��#�6o

Ôivm~j (Qvt)-Gi Kv‡Q FYMÖ — †Kvb g„Z e¨w³‡K (Rvbvhvi Rb¨) Avbv nÕ‡j, wZwb wR‡Ám Ki‡Zb, †m wK FY cwi‡kva Kivi gZ AwZwi³ wKQz †i‡L †M‡Q? hw` ejv nÕZ †h, †m SY cwi‡kva Kivi gZ m¤c` †i‡L †M‡Q, ZvnÕ‡j wZwb Zvi Rvbvhv co‡Zb| Ab¨_v wZwb gymjgvb‡ì ej‡Zb, †Zvgiv †Zvgv‡ì mv_xi Rvbvhv co| Zvici Avj−vn hLb Zvi Rb¨ eû †`k weR‡qi Øvi Ly‡j w`‡jb, ZLb wZwb ej‡jb, Avwg gywgb‡ì wb‡R‡ì †P‡qI †ekx NwbôZi| myZivs gywgb‡ì g‡a¨ †KD FY †i‡L gviv †M‡j, Zv cwi‡kva Kivi `vwqZ¡ AvgviB| Avi †h e¨w³ m¤c` †i‡L hv‡e Zv Zvi DËivwaKvixiv cv‡eÕ|9 FY yÕcÖKvi| h_v- 1. †h e¨w³ Zvi Ici _vKv FY cwi‡kv‡ai B”Qv wb‡q g„Zy eiY Kij, ivm~j (Qvt) Zvi AwffveK| 2. †h e¨w³ FY cwi‡kv‡ai B”Qv bv K‡i (AvZ¥mvr Kivi B”Qvq) g„Zy eiY Kij| Gi Kvi‡Y †mw`b Zvi †bKx nÕ‡Z KZ©b Kiv n‡e, †hw`‡b †Kvb wìnvg I `xbvi _vK‡e bv| Avj−vgv kvIKvbx (int) e‡jb, Ggb A_©‡evaK A‡bK nv`xQ ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| ivm~j (Qvt) GUv e‡j‡Qb, FYx e¨w³i Ici Rvbvhv wbwl× nIqvi ci hLb Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv Zuv‡K A‡bK †`‡ki weRq `vb Ki‡jb Ges cÖPzi m¤c` AwR©Z nÕj| ZLb wZwb FYMÖ¯— e¨w³i Rvbvhv Av`vq Ki‡Zb Ges evqZzj gvj nÕ‡Z Zv‡ì FY cwi‡kva Ki‡Zb| Avi GUv hvKvZ eÈ‡bi AvUwU Lv‡Zi GKwU|10 (O) RxweZ Ae¯’vq †Kvb fvj Kv‡Ri m~Pbv K‡i †M‡j Zvi QIqve g„Ze¨w³ Ke‡i †c‡Z _vK‡eb : gybwhi Beby Rvixi (int) Zvi wcZv †_‡K eY©bv K‡ib GK`v w`‡bi c~e©fv‡M Avgiv ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi Kv‡Q wQjvg| G mgq bMœc`, Lvwj gv_v, Pvgovi e ¿ cwiwnZ I Zievix Mjvq jUwK‡q GK `j †jvK Zvui wbKU AvMgb Kij| Zv‡ì AwaKvsk eis mK‡jB gyhvi †Mv‡Îi †jvK wQj| Zv‡ì gv‡S Abvnv‡ii wb`k©b †`‡L ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi gyLgÊj weeY© n‡q †Mj| AZtci wZwb (M„nvf¨š—‡i) cÖ‡ek Ki‡jb Ges †ewi‡q G‡jb| Gici †ejvj (ivt)-†K wb‡`©k w`‡jb| wZwb (†ejvj ivt) Avhvb w`‡jb I BK¡vgZ w`‡jb| QvjvZ Av`vq Kivi ci bex Kixg (Qvt) fvlY w`‡jb Ges wZjvIqvZ Ki‡jb, Ô†n gvbe! †Zvgiv †Zvgv‡ì cÖwZcvjK‡K fq Ki| whwb †Zvgv‡ì‡K GK

9. eyLvix nv/2298; gymwjg nv/1619; wgkKvZ nv/2913| 10. †Zvn&dvZzj AvnIqvhx, 3q LÊ, nv/1078-Gi Av‡jvPbv|

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16

e¨w³ nÕ‡ZB m„wó K‡i‡Qb Ges whwb Zv †_‡K Zvi mw½bx m„wó K‡ib| whwb Zv‡ì `yÕRb †_‡K eû bi bvix Qwo‡q †`b Ges Avj−vn‡K fq Ki, hvi bv‡g †Zvgiv G‡K Ac‡ii wbKU hv”Tv Ki Ges mZK© _vK ÁvwZ eÜb m¤c‡K©| Avj−vn †Zvgv‡ì Dci Zx² „wó iv‡LbÕ (wbmv 4/1)| Avj−vn&i evYx, Ô†n gywgbMY! Avj−vn&‡K fq Ki, cÖ‡Z¨‡KB †f‡e †`LyK AvMvgxKv‡ji Rb¨ †m Kx AwMÖg cvwV‡q‡QÕ (nvki 59/18)| cyi“l Zvi `xbvi nÕ‡Z, Zvi wìnvg nÕ‡Z, Zvi e ¿ nÕ‡Z Qv`vK¡v Ki“K Ges Mg †_‡K GK QvÔI †LRyi †_‡K GK QvÔ `vb Ki“K| GgbwK wZwb ej‡jb, GK UyK‡iv †LRyi w`‡q nÕ‡jI| eY©bvKvix e‡jb, ZLb GK AvbQvi e¨w³ GKwU _‡j wb‡q Avmj Zvi nvZ †hb Zv Zzj‡Z m¶g nw”Qj bv| eis AcviMB n‡qwQj| AZtci †jvKRb G‡Ki ci GK Qv`vK¡v wb‡q Avm‡Z jvMj| Ae‡k‡l Avwg Lv`¨ I e‡ ¿i `yÕwU ¯Z~c †`L‡Z †cjvg| ZLb Avwg †`Ljvg, ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi †Pnviv mgy¾¡j nÕj †hb GK UzKiv †mvbv| AZtci ivm~j (Qvt) ej‡jb,

�)�H )�B .�6 �E�5�B�p� T�K�B T��K�f�� 7�#�6 ,�V��e�� e��( �)�H �;��$ ,�F�% �d��+�% �)�H ��q �� r�-�K�* �)�H ��V�?��e�� s[�.�Z �)�H�( )�B .�6

�E�5�B�p� T�K�B T��tI�B ��,�� 7��#�$ ,�V�?�u�( �?�u�(�( �)�H �;��$ ,�F�% �)�H ��+�%�d �)�H ��q �� r�-�K�* �)�H ��V�?��u�(�� s[�.�Z1

Ô†h e¨w³ Bmjv‡g †Kvb DËg cÖ_v Pvjy Ki‡e, †m Zvi †bKK‡g©i QIqve cv‡e Ges H e¨w³i mg cwigvY QIqveI jvf Ki‡e †h e¨w³ Zvi c‡i H †bK Avgj Ki‡e| G‡Z Zv‡ì †bKx we›`ygvÎI Kg‡e bv| c¶vš—‡i hw` †Kvb e¨w³ Bmjv‡g †Kvb KzcÖ_v Pvjy K‡i Z‡e G AmrK‡g©i †Mvbvn Zvi Dci eZ©v‡e Ges H e¨w³i †MvbvnI, hviv Zvi cieZ©x‡Z †m AmrKg© Ki‡e| G‡Z Zv‡ì †Mvbvn we› y cwigvYI Kg‡e bv| Gici wZwb †ZjvIqvZ Ki‡jb, ÔAvgivB g„Z‡ì RxweZ Kwi Ges wj‡L ivwL hv Zviv A‡MÖ †cÖiY K‡i I hv Zviv wcQ‡b †Q‡o hvqÕ (Bqvmxb 36/12)|11 wZb. dih wQqvg I gvb‡Zi wQqvg cvjb Kiv : dih wQqvg hv mdi ev †iv‡Mi Kvi‡Y Av`vq Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| cieZ©x‡Z Av`vq Kivi B”Qv wQj| wKš‘ nVvr g„Zz eiY Kivq Kvhv Av`vq Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| Ggb wQqvg wbKUZg IqvwiQ Z_v AvZ¥xqiv Av`vq K‡i w`‡e|12 Avj−vn e‡jb, ��(��( �E,��?2v� ��F� �+�% .��(�� =w�+�S�% �x�6 �y,��

�3� 4�� 23� l;�"�% =[�x�Z ��#�$M�1 ÔAvi i³ m¤úKx©q AvZ¥xqMY Avj−vn&i weav‡b G‡K Ac‡ii PvB‡Z †ekx nK`vi|

11. gymwjg nv/1017; wgkKvZ nv/210| 12. DQvqgxb, Avk-kviûj gyg‡ZÔ 6/450-452|

wbðqB Avj−vn mKj wel‡q mg¨K AeMZÕ (Avbdvj

8/75)| ivm~j (Qvt) e‡jb, ��-�X �� w�z�� 1,�F�#�V�'�% ,��6 �.�-�% ��F�6 .��(2v =;�e�? =��!1 ÔcÖvc¨vsk Zvi nK¡ vi‡K

†cŠuwQ‡q `vI| Gici hv Aewkó _vK‡e Zv wbKUZg cyi“‡li Rb¨Õ|13 KviY GwU Avj−vn&i FY hv cwi‡kva Kiv Avek¨K| Avi G‡Z gvB‡qZ †hgb `vqgy³ n‡eb, †Zgwb QIqveI cv‡eb| Avi hw` †iv‡Mi Kvi‡Y ivgvhvb gv‡m wQqvg Av`vq bv K‡i Ges ivgvhv‡bi c‡iI my ’ nÕ‡Z bv cv‡i I gviv hvq ZvnÕ‡j Zvi wQqv‡gi K¡vhv Av`vq Ki‡Z n‡e bv| G‡¶‡Î Zvi c¶ †_‡K wd`Bqv Av`vq Ki‡e| Z‡e mvaviYfv‡e wQqvg cvjb bv K‡i gviv †M‡j Zvi wbKUvZ¥xqiv Zv cvjb Ki‡e| ivm~j (Qvt) e‡j‡Qb, �)�H

�7��#�$�( ��,�H�7{��( �7�K�$ �E,�� ME,�� – ÔwQqv‡gi K¡vhv wh¤§vq †i‡L hw` †Kvb e¨w³ gviv hvq ZvnÕ‡j Zvi wbKUvZ¥xq Zvi c¶ nÕ‡Z wQqvg Av`vq Ki‡eÕ| 14 Av‡iKwU eY©bvq G‡m‡Q, Beby AveŸvm (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z wZwb e‡jb, 2[,�e

3� .#� I.�SK�� .�� \;�e�?�3� �A��B�? ,�* �A,�-�6 �#B( 7#$ ! 4�� .�#�$ ��,�� A,�-�6 |,�F�K�$ �7� &�'�6�� =��F�Z �E�� ,�F��#�$�( �G��,�H .IH��

,�F�K�$ �7��},�& �G�K�� M)�*�N �OIH�� .��+�D �A,�& . �A,�& : �� {9�� 3� �)�*��6.� -�* o ÔR‰bK e¨w³ bex Kixg (Qvt)-Gi wbKU G‡m ejj, †n Avj−vn&i ivm~j! Avgvi gv GK gv‡mi wQqvg wh¤§vq †i‡L gviv †M‡Qb| Avwg wK Zvui c¶ nÕ‡Z G wQqvg Kvhv Ki‡Z cvwi? wZwb ej‡jb, hw` †Zvgvi gv‡qi Dci FY _vKZ, ZvnÕ‡j wK Zzwg Zv Av`vq Ki‡Z bv? †m ejj, nu v| wZwb ej‡jb, Avj−vn&i FY cwi‡kva KivB nÕj AwaK Dchy³Õ|15 Ab¨ nv`x‡Q G‡m‡Q, eyivq`v (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z wZwb e‡jb, ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi wbK‡U Avwg emv wQjvg| Ggb mgq GK gwnjv Zuvi wbK‡U G‡m ejj,

.ID�� 3� �A��B�? ,�* .IH�� .�#�$ �G &��R�� G�K�� ,�FD��( =��*�?,�W�% �A,�& 1�G��,�H :�� O��#�$ ,�VN�?�( ��e�� e�(�>�� . ,�* �G��,�&�3� �A��B�? !�E��'�6�� =��F�Z �E�� ,�F��#�$ ��,�� ,�FD��A,�& |,�F�K�$ :,�F�K�$ .�H��. {~��'�6�� b��& ~�X�� ,�FD�� 3� �A��B�? ,�* �G��,�& �A,�& ,�F�K�$ :,�F�K�$ .IW�� +�D o

Ô†n Avj−vn&i ivm~j (Qvt)! Avwg Avgvi gv‡K GKwU `vmx `vb K‡iwQjvg| wZwb gviv †M‡Qb| ivm~j (Qvt) ej‡jb, Zzwg QIqv‡ei AwaKvix n‡q †MQ Ges DËivwaKvi ¯Ë¡ †Zvgv‡K `vmxwU †diZ w`‡q‡Q| †m ejj, †n Avj−vn&i

13. eyLvix nv/6732; gymwjg nv/1615; wgkKvZ nv/3042| 14. eyLvix nv/1952; gymwjg nv/1147; wgkKvZ nv/2033| 15. eyLvix nv/1553; gymwjg nv/1148|

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17

ivm~j (Qvt)! GK gv‡mi wQqvg Av`vq Kiv Zvi evKx Av‡Q| Zvi c¶ nÕ‡Z Avwg wK wQqvg Av`vq Ki‡Z cvwi? wZwb ej‡jb, Zvi c‡¶ Zzwg wQqvg Av`vq Ki| †m ejj, †n Avj−vn&i ivm~j (Qvt)! KLbI wZwb n¾ K‡ibwb| Zvi c¶ nÕ‡Z Avwg wK n¾ Av`vq Ki‡Z cvwi? wZwb e‡jb, nu v, Zvi Rb¨ Zzwg n¾ KiÕ| 16 D‡j−L¨ †h, g„‡Zi c¶ †_‡K wQqvg cvjb Kivi gZ †jvK cvIqv bv †M‡j Zvi c¶ †_‡K cÖwZw`‡bi wQqv‡gi wewbg‡q GKRb K‡i wgmKxb‡K LvIqv‡jI g„Ze¨w³ QIqve cv‡eb|17

Pvi. e`jx n¾-Igiv cvjb Kiv : gvB‡q‡Zi c¶ †_‡K n¾ I Igivn cvjb Ki‡j Gi QIqve g„Ze¨w³ cv‡eb| Gi Øviv gvB‡qZ Ke‡i DcK…ZI n‡eb| G‡¶‡Î gvB‡qZ AwQqZ K‡i hvK ev bv hvK| Abyiƒcfv‡e m¤ú`kvjx wcZv-gvZv †h‡Kvb Kvi‡Y n¾ cvjb bv K‡i ch©vß m¤ú` †i‡L gviv †M‡j mš—v‡bi Rb¨ wcZv-gvZvi c¶ †_‡K e`jx n¾ I Igiv cvjb Ki‡Z n‡eÕ|18

Beby AveŸvm (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z wZwb e‡jb, .�� ,T#�e�? 4�� x�SK�� .4#��3��A,�-�6 1��4#�B�( �7��#�$ : ~�X�* ��( ��,�H �x�%�� 4��

�A,�& |�7�K�$ ~��'�6�� : |�7��},�& �G�K�� M)�*�N �O�%�� .�#�$ ��,�� G�*��?��A,�& :A,& 1��+�D :�O��%�� )�$ I~�� o ÔGKRb †jvK bex Kixg

(Qvt)-Gi wbKU Mgb K‡i ejj, Avgvi wcZv n¾ cvjb bv K‡i gviv †M‡Qb, Avwg wK Zvi c¶ †_‡K n¾ cvjb Kie? wZwb ej‡jb, Zzwg wK g‡b Ki, hw` †Zvgvi wcZvi Dci FY _vKZ, ZvnÕ‡j wK Zzwg Zv cwi‡kva Ki‡Z bv? †m ejj, nu v| ivm~j (Qvt) ej‡jb, AZGe Zzwg †Zvgvi wcZvi c¶ †_‡K n¾ KiÕ|19 Av‡iKwU eY©bvq n‡¾i mv‡_ Igivi KLvI D‡j−L Av‡Q| Avey ivhxb Avj-DK¡vqjx (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z wZwb e‡jb, wZwb GKevi bex Kixg (Qvt)-Gi wbKU G‡m ej‡jb, ,�* �A��B�? �3�! 4�� .�%��

M��Z ��S��M� �a ��<��f�* ~�X �� a�( �U��+ �� a�( �)�+4�� .�A,�& ~�� )�$ �O�%�� $��(o Ô†n Avj−vn&i ivm~j! Avgvi wcZv

AwZkq e„×, n¾ I Igiv Kivi mvg_ © iv‡Lb bv Ges evn‡b em‡Z cv‡ib bv| wZwb ej‡jb, Zzwg †Zvgvi wcZvi c¶ nÕ‡Z n¾ I Igiv KiÕ|20 Ab¨ eY©bvq G‡m‡Q, 4�� TU��H� �)�H ��+ �� G�� B� �A��B�? �3� .#� 3� 7#$

�#B( .�6 ��W�� N�� ;� � ��( �)�% =�,S�$ ��*�N�? �A��B�? �3� .#� 3� 7#$ �#B( �G��,�-�6 ,�* �A��B�? �3� 4�� *��6�� 3�

16. gymwjg nv/1149; wZiwghx nv/667; wgkKvZ nv/1955| 17. beex, Avj-gvRg~Ô 6/368; dvZvIqv jvRbv `v‡qgvn 10/372| 18. drûj evix 4/64| 19. bvmvC nv/2639; Beby wneŸvb nv/3992; Qnxnvn nv/3047| 20. bvmvC nv/2637; wZiwghx nv/930; wgkKvZ nv/2528, mb` Qnxn|

.�#�$ �d�N,�S�$ �G��?�N�� .�%�� ,��Z ��S�� a ��<��f�* �� :��f�* .�#�$ ��#�� 1 ;�F�6 .� -�* �� ~�� 7�K�$ �A,�& ��+�D ÔLvQÔAvg

†Mv‡Îi GK gwnjv we`vq n‡¾i mgq ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi wbKU wR‡Ám K‡i| G mgq dhj Beby AveŸvm (ivt) (mIqvix‡Z) ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi †cQ‡b Dcweó wQ‡jb| gwnjvwU Av‡e`b Kij, †n Avj−vn&i ivm~j! Avj−vn Zvui ev›`v‡`i cÖwZ n¾ dih K‡i‡Qb| Avgvi wcZvi Dci Zv Ggb Ae¯’vq dih nÕj †h, wZwb AZxe e‡qve„×, †h Kvi‡Y mIqvixi Dci wVK n‡q em‡ZI m¶g bb| GgZve¯’vq Avwg Zvui c¶ †_‡K n¾ Ki‡j Zv Av`vq n‡e wK? ivm~j (Qvt) ej‡jb, nu v|21 wcZv-gvZv n¾ Kivi gvbZ K‡i Zv m¤úv`b Kivi c~‡e© gviv †M‡j Ges n¾ Kivi gZ A_© †i‡L †M‡j Zv cvjb Kiv mš—v‡bi Rb¨ Avek¨K| †hgb nv`x‡Q G‡m‡Q, Beby AveŸvm (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z, wZwb e‡jb, 4�� TU��H� �)�H ��K��F�e ��2[,�e .��

I.�SK�� .#� 3� 7#$ �#B( �G��,�-�6 4�� .IH�� ?�J�D �� 1~�X�� #�6 ~�X�� .�� G��,�H {~��'�6�� ,�F�K�$ �A,�& : ��+�D ..IW�� 1,�F�K�$

�G�*��?�� ,�� .�#�$ �OIH�� M)�*�N �G�K�� T��},�& �� &� 1�74#�� 63, {9�� [,�6�� ,�%1 ÔRynvqbv †Mv‡Îi GKRb gwnjv bex Kixg

(Qvt)-Gi wbKU G‡m ej‡jb, Avgvi gv n‡¾i gvbZ K‡iwQ‡jb| Z‡e wZwb n¾ Av`vq bv K‡iB g„Zz eiY K‡i‡Qb| Avwg wK Zvi c¶ nÕ‡Z n¾ Ki‡Z cvwi? ivm~j (Qvt) ej‡jb, Zvi c¶ nÕ‡Z Zzwg n¾ Av`vq Ki| Zzwg G e¨vcv‡i wK g‡b Ki hw` †Zvgvi gv‡qi Dci FY _vKZ, ZvnÕ‡j wK Zzwg Zv Av`vq Ki‡Z bv? myZivs Avj−vn&i nK Av`vq Ki| †Kbbv Avj−vn&i nKB me‡P‡q †ekx Av`vq‡hvM¨Õ|22 Z‡e e`jx n¾Kvix‡K Aek¨B wb‡Ri n¾ m¤úv`b K‡i A‡b¨i c¶ †_‡K n¾ Ki‡Z n‡e| Be‡b AveŸvm (ivt) †_‡K ewY©Z wZwb e‡jb, 4��

.�SK�� .#� Y3� 7#$ �#B( ��B T5�e�? �A��-�* �O�S�� )�$ ��H��S�Z .�A,�& �)�H ��H��S�Z .�A,�& M�� .�� (�� M�*��& .�� .�A,�&

�G�W�W�� )�$ �O�f �D .�A,�& �a .�A,�& ~�� )�$ �O�f �D ��n ~�� )�$ ��H��S�Z1 Ôivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) R‰bK e¨w³‡K ej‡Z ïb‡jb,

Ôïei“gvi c¶ †_‡K Avwg nvwhi n‡qwQÕ| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) wR‡Ám Ki‡jb, ïei“gv †K? †m ejj, Avgvi fvB A_ev ejj, Avgvi GK wbKUvZ¥xq| wZwb e‡jb, Zzwg wK wb‡Ri c¶ nÕ‡Z n¾ K‡iQ? †m ejj, bv| wZwb ej‡jb, ZvnÕ‡j †Zvgvi wb‡Ri c¶ †_‡K Av‡M n¾ Ki, AZtci ïe&i“gvi c¶ †_‡K n¾ KiÕ|23 (Pj‡e)

21. eyLvix nv/4399; gymwjg nv/1335; wgkKvZ nv/2511| 22. eyLvix nv/1852; BiIqv nv/993| 23. Ave~`vE` nv/1811; wgkKvZ nv/2529; Qnxûj Rv‡gÔ nv/3128|

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FY MÖnY I cwi‡kv‡ai weavb Avãyj−vn Avj-gvÔiƒd*

(†kl wKw —) 5. FYMÖ — e¨w³ Ke‡ii Avhv‡ei m¤§yLxb n‡e : †KD hw` FYMÖ — Ae ’vq gviv hvq Ges g„Z e¨w³i c¶ †_‡K †mB FY cwi‡kva bv Kiv nq, ZvnÕ‡j †m Ke‡i kvw¯—i m¤§yLxb n‡e| Rv‡ei Beby Avãyj−vn (ivt) †_‡K ewY©Z wZwb e‡jb, R‰bK e¨w³ g„Zz eiY Ki‡j Avgiv Zvi †Mvmj I Kvdb m¤cbœ Kijvg| AZtci ivm~j (Qvt) Zvi Rvbvhv covi Rb¨ Avm‡jb| Avgiv ejjvg, Avcwb Zvi Rvbvhv co‡eb? ivm~j (Qvt) Zvi w`‡K `yÕcv AvMv‡jb| Zvici ej‡jb, Zvi wK †Kvb FY Av‡Q? Avgiv ejjvg, `yB `xbvi| ZLb wZwb wd‡i †M‡jb| Zvici Avey K¡vZv`v (ivt) H `yÕ`xbv‡ii `vwqZ¡ MÖnY Ki‡jb Ges ej‡jb, Avj−vn wK Gi gva¨‡g FY`vZvi nK c~iY Ki‡jb Ges gvB‡qZ wK GLb D³ F‡Yi `vq †_‡K gy³ nÕj? DË‡i ivm~j (Qvt) ej‡jb, nu v| AZtci wZwb Zvi Rvbvhvi QvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡jb| AZtci GKw`b ci wZwb Ave~ K¡vZv`vn‡K wR‡Ám Ki‡jb †h, `xbvi `yÕwU wK cwi‡kva Kiv n‡q‡Q? wZwb ej‡jb, wZwb †Zv MZKvj gviv †M‡Qb gvÎ| c‡ii w`b wZwb Avevi Zvi wbK‡U †M‡j wZwb Rvbv‡jb †h, `xbvi yÕwU cwi‡kva Kiv n‡q‡Q| GK_v ï‡b ivm~j (Qvt) ej‡jb, �� ÔGLb Zvi Pvgov VvÊv nÕjÕ|1 G‡Z eySv hvq †h, †Kej `vwqZ¡ wb‡jB gvB‡q‡Zi Avhve ~i n‡e bv, hZ¶Y bv Zvi FY cwi‡kva Kiv nq|2

FY m¤úwK©Z KwZcq ÁvZe¨ welq FYMÖ¯— e¨w³i hvKv‡Zi ûKzg : FY Kiv m¤ú` †h‡nZz e¨w³i g~j m¤ú` bq, †m‡nZz FY cwi‡kv‡ai Av‡M GB m¤ú‡ì Dci hvKvZ dih bq| myZivs FYMÖ¯— e¨w³ hvKvZ Av`v‡qi c~‡e© Zvi FY cwi‡kva Ki‡e Ges Aewkó m¤ú` wbQve cwigvY nÕ‡j Zvi hvKvZ Av`vq Ki‡e| IQgvb (ivt) e‡jb, ��

�� ! ��" #$�� %�& �$�'�" �()*�+%�&�, �- .�/�+ 0�1%�&�23� ��4 ��56��! ��" �()*)3��7�4�8� ÔGwU (ivgvhvb) hvKv‡Zi gvm| AZGe hw` Kv‡iv Dci FY _v‡K ZvnÕ‡j †m †hb cÖ_‡g FY cwi‡kva K‡i| Gici Aewkó m¤ú` wbQve cwigvY nÕ‡j †m Zvi hvKvZ Av`vq Ki‡eÕ|3 Avi hw`

* wk¶v_x©, Aviex wefvM, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq| 1. Avngv` nv/14536; nv‡Kg nv/2346; QnxûZ ZviMxe nv/1812| 2. kvIKvbx, bvqjyj AvIZ¡vi 5/285 ÔFY cwi‡kva bv Kiv ch©š—

FYMÖ — e¨w³ `vqgy³ n‡e bvÕ Aby‡”Q`| 3. gyIqvË¡v gv‡jK nv/873; BiIqvDj Mvjxj nv/789; mb` Qnxn|

FY cwi‡kva bv K‡i Zvi wbKU Mw”QZ iv‡L, ZvnÕ‡j hvKvZ‡hvM¨ me m¤ú‡ì Dc‡iB hvKvZ Av`vq Kiv dih| Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv e‡jb, 9:�;��< �(��3��7�4�8 �$�4 �� =%�� (��>&�2 +�5 �( � � ��? +� ÔZv‡ì m¤ú` nÕ‡Z Qv`vK¡vn& (hvKvZ) MÖnY Ki‡e| hvi Øviv Zywg Zv‡ì‡K cweÎ Ki‡e Ges cwiï× Ki‡eÕ (ZIev 9/103)| cÖ vbK…Z F‡Yi hvKvZ : †Kvb e¨w³ KvD‡K FY cÖ vb Ki‡j Ges Zv GK Pv› ª eQi AwZµg Ki‡j D³ UvKvi hvKvZ Av`vq Ki‡Z n‡e wK-bv? G e¨vcv‡i Ijvgv‡q †Kiv‡gi g‡a¨ gZ‡f` cwijw¶Z nq| Z‡e Qnxn gZ nÕj, hw` cÖ vbK…Z F‡Yi UvKv mn‡R cvIqvi wbwðZ m¤¢vebv _v‡K, ZvnÕ‡j Zvi hvKvZ Av`vq Ki‡Z n‡e| Avi hw` mn‡R cvIqvi wbwðZ m¤¢vebv bv _v‡K, Z‡e Zv nv‡Z bv cvIqv ch©š— hvKvZ Av`vq Ki‡Z n‡e bv| Ggb m¤ú` A‡bK eQi c‡i nv‡Z Avm‡j cvIqvi c‡i gvÎ GK eQ‡ii hvKvZ Av`vq Ki‡Z n‡e|4 FY †i‡L gviv †M‡j KiYxq : †Kvb e¨w³ hw` FY †i‡L gviv hvq, ZvnÕ‡j g„‡Zi mKj m¤ú` wewµ K‡i nÕ‡jI cwievi‡K FY cwi‡kva Ki‡Z n‡e| KviY FY cwi‡kva e¨ZxZ g„Zy eiY Ki‡j nvk‡ii gv‡V wbR †bKx †_‡K F‡Yi `vex c~iY Ki‡Z n‡e|5 Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv gxiv‡Qi Av‡jvPbv †k‡l e‡jb, ��@�� $�4

�7 � A:��<�5�B�<A$�� 5�8 %�� Ôg„‡Zi AwQqZ c~iY Kivi ci Ges Zvi FY cwi‡kv‡ai ci (wbmv 4/11)| hwÌ wbR m¤úwË †_‡K wcZv-gvZvi FY cwi‡kva Kiv mš—v‡bi Rb¨ eva¨Zvg~jK bq|6 Z_vwc FY cwi‡kva Kiv wcZv-gvZvi †L`g‡Zi Ask I A‡kl QIqv‡ei KvR nIqvq mš—vb wbR `vwq‡Z¡ Zv cwi‡kva Kivi me©vZ¥K †Póv Ki‡e| ivm~j (Qvt) e‡jb, C�D�E �$�4�! '�3� F:�GH��@ 4 �� 0�� 0�I�G � �� Ôgywg‡bi AvZ¥v Syjš— Ae¯’vq ivLv nq Zvi F‡Yi Kvi‡Y, hZ¶Y bv Zvi c¶ nÕ‡Z FY cwi‡kva Kiv nqÕ|7 Avi hw` FYMÖ — gvB‡q‡Zi wKQyB bv _v‡K Ges Zvi ¿x-mš—vbivI hw` m¶g bv nq, mgvR, msMVb ev miKvi †m `vwqZ¡ enb Ki‡eÕ|8 ZvnÕ‡j G‡¶‡Î m~ bv w`‡q †Kej g~j Ask †Ìqvi †Póv Ki‡Z n‡e (evK¡vivn

4. wdK¡ûm mybœvn 1/230, ÔhvKvZÕ Aa vq, ÔFYMÖ‡ —i hvKvZÕ Aby‡”Q`; DQvqgxb, dvZvIqv AviKvbyj Bmjvg, gvmAvjv bs 357| M„nxZ: kixdzj Bmjvg, ˆ`bw› b Rxe‡b Bmjvg ÔhvKvZ Aa vqÕ, c„t 50|

5. eyLvix nv/2449; wgkKvZ nv/5126 ÔAvèÕ Aa vq, ÔhyjygÕ Aby‡”Q`| 6. Beby Zvqwgqvn, wgbnvRym mybœvn 5/232| 7. wZiwghx nv/1078; wgkKvZ nv/2915| 8. eyLvix nv/2298; gymwjg nv/1619; wgkKvZ nv/2913; Ôµq-

weµqÕ Aa¨vq-11, Ô†`Dwjqv nIqv Ges FYMÖ — e¨w³‡K AeKvk `vbÕ Aby‡”Q`-9; dvZvIqv jvRbv `v‡qgv 10/33|

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2/278-279)| AZGe cÖ‡Z¨‡Ki DwPZ h_vm¤¢e FY MÖnY †_‡K †eu‡P _vKv| hv cwi‡kva Ki‡Z bv cvi‡j BnKv‡j cwiev‡ii Rb¨ Ges ciKv‡j wb‡Ri Rb¨ KwVb †evSv n‡q †`Lv w`‡e| FYMÖ — Ae¯’vq Kzievbxi weavb : Kzievbx mybœv‡Z gyqv°v`vn| mvg_¨© _vKv Ae ’vq Kzievbx cwiZ¨vM Kiv gvKiƒn| Kzievbx nÕj Bmjv‡gi GKwU wkÔqvi ev gnvb wb`k©b| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡jb, �%�& �$�4%�E%H��. 4 �$��G�� %��" � J�I � �(�3�5 �F:�@�K ��3 Ô†h Kzievbx Kivi mvg_© _vKv m‡Ë¡I Kzievbx Kij bv, †m †hb Avgv‡ì C`Mv‡n bv Av‡mÕ|9 Ab¨Î wZwb e‡j‡Qb, �L%�� ( ��8�M ��N�O

�' ��" ��B /�I � ��8 �()& ��8 ��M�8�5 ��:�P�/�3� Q�N ��@�� $�� R�S��M%�D�T�8�5 Ô†Zvgv‡ì gv‡S †h Kzievbx Ki‡Z Pvq, whjn¾ gv‡mi Puv` †`Lvi ci †m †hb Zvi †Kvb Pyj I bL bv Kv‡UÕ|10 Bgvg kv‡dC (int) e‡jb, GB nv`x‡Q cÖgvY Av‡Q †h, Kzievbx †Ìqv IqvwRe bq| GB nv`x‡Q ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi evYx Ô†h Kzievbx Ki‡Z PvqÕ Øviv †mUv cÖgvwYZ nq| hw` Kzievbx Kiv IqvwRe nÕZ ZvnÕ‡j Gfv‡e ejv nÕZ ÔZvnÕ‡j †m †hb Kzievbx bv †`qv ch©š— wb‡Ri Pyj cÖf„wZ ¯úk© bv K‡iÕ|11 ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Zuvi D¤§‡Zi gv‡S hviv Kzievbx K‡iwb Zv‡ì c¶ †_‡K Kzievbx K‡i‡Qb|12 myZivs GwU IqvwRe bq †h, †h‡Kvb g~‡j¨ cÖ‡Z¨K‡K Kzievbx Ki‡ZB n‡e| †jv‡Kiv hv‡Z GUv‡K IqvwRe g‡b bv K‡i, †mRb¨ mvg_ © _vKv m‡Ë¡I nhiZ AveyeKi wQÏxK, Igi dviƒK, Avãyj−vn Be‡b Igi I Avãyj−vn Be‡b Aveevm (ivt) cÖgyL QvnvexMY KL‡bv KL‡bv Kzievbx Ki‡Zb bv|13 myZivs †evSv †Mj, Kzievbx †Ìqv IqvwRe bq; eis mybœv‡Z gyqv°v`vn| Aciw`‡K FY cwi‡kva Kiv IqvwRe| Avi DQ~‡j wdK¡‡ni g~jbxwZ nÕj mybœv‡Zi Dci IqvwRe cÖvavb¨ cv‡e| AZGe FY _vK‡j Av‡M †mUv cwi‡kva Ki‡Z n‡e| kvqL DQvqgxb (int) e‡jb, Q�3� 2�%@3� %48

� �42�+ U �EV" �$��W� 58 ��8 :E!4 UO �� C�3 �:�/XY:�/XY� -Z; $��3%� 8�Z� 8 �3 B[Z�� $�� %& O -� ÔFYMÖ — e¨w³ A_ev cwiev‡ii fiY-†cvl‡Yi e¨qfvi

9. Beby gvRvn nv/3123; `vivKzrbx nv/4762; Avngv` nv/8273; nv‡Kg nv/7565, mb` Qnxn|

10. gymwjg nv/1977; wZiwghx nv/1523; bvmvC nv/4361; Beby gvRvn nv/3149; `vivKzrbx nv/4745|

11. evqnvKx wdm mybvb 7/263; wdKûj Dhwnqvn& c„t 12-13| 12. gymwjg nv/1967; wgkKvZ nv/1454| 13. wgiÔAvZzj gvdvZxn 5/72-73|

en‡b A¶g e¨w³i Dci Kzievbx Aek¨K bq; eis Zvi Dci hw` FY _v‡K, ZvnÕ‡j Kzievbxi c~‡e© †mB FY cwi‡kva Kiv hiƒixÕ|14 Z‡e `vZvi m¤§wZ‡Z FY †ìx‡Z cwi‡kva K‡i Kzievbx †Ìqvq †Kvb evav †bB| Bgvg Be‡b ZvBwgqvn (int) e‡jb, ��'�3� B /�I ��5 �(�3 ��NO $

\]%�"�5 ��3 �%�& ��NO B /�I ��5 $��5 �]%�"�7�3%�� 3%�? �.... �%�& �O�� P�� %�3�5 #$�S�/�" �� B /�I � %�4 ��K%�" \]%�"�5 ��3 ��8

�R�3�N �-�@�D�� Ô`vZv hw` cwi‡kv‡ai ZvMv`v bv †`q, ZvnÕ‡j FYMÖ — e¨w³I Kzievbx w`‡Z cv‡i| Avi mvgwqK Am”Qj e¨w³ hw` FY cwi‡kv‡ai m¶gZv iv‡Lb, ZvnÕ‡j wZwbI FY K‡i Kzievbx w`‡Z cv‡ib| Z‡e cwi‡kva Kivi mvg_©¨ _vK‡jI FY K‡i Kzievbx bv KivB DËg| †Kbbv GUv Aek¨K bq †h, Zv‡K Kzievbx Ki‡ZB n‡eÕ|15 FYMÖ — e¨w³i hvKvZzj wdri : ¯^vaxb-µxZ`vm, †QvU-eo mKj cyi“l I bvixi Dci gv_v wcQz GK QvÔ mgcwigvY hvKvZzj wdri Av`vq Kiv dih|16 GB hvKvZ dih nIqvi Rb¨ wbQve cwigvY m¤ú‡ì gvwjK nIqv kZ© bq| †h‡nZz hvKvZzj wdri e¨w³i Dci dih; e¨w³i m¤ú‡ì Dc‡i bq| KviY mKj cÖKvi hvKv‡Zi g~j Drm nÕj m¤ú`| c¶vš—‡i Qv`vK¡vZzj wdr‡ii g~j Drm nÕj e¨w³| †mB Rb¨ abx-Mixe wbwe©‡k‡l mKj‡K GB cwigv‡Y hvKvZzj wdri Av`vq Ki‡Z nq| FYMÖ — e¨w³i n‡¾i weavb : FY cwi‡kva Ki‡j hw` n‡¾i mvg_©¨ bv _v‡K, Z‡e Zvi Dci n¾ dih bq| GgZve ’vq Zvi FY cwi‡kva Kiv dih| Avi hw` FY cwi‡kva K‡iI n¾ Kivi mvg_ © _v‡K, ZvnÕ‡j FY †kva bv K‡i n¾ Ki‡jI n¾ n‡q hv‡e| Aek¨ FY cwi‡kva K‡i n‡¾ hvIqvB DËg| †Kbbv Zv cwi‡kva e¨ZxZ g„Zy eiY Ki‡j nvk‡ii gv‡V wb‡Ri †bKx w`‡q F‡Yi `vex c~iY Ki‡Z n‡e|17 FY †_‡K evuPvi Dcvq : F‡Yi †evSv gvby‡li ywbqv I Av‡Liv‡Zi Rxe‡b AÜKvi †W‡K Av‡b| †mKviY mva¨vbyhvqx FY gy³ _vKv DwPZ| Igi Bebyj LvË¡ve (ivt) e‡jb, (�� 3�5�8 H�V�" ��$��3��5 �()&%��O�#a�� =b�5 Ô†Zvgiv FY †_‡K †eu‡P _vK, †Kbbv F‡Yi ïi“ `ywðš—v w`‡q Ges †kl nq msNv‡Zi gva¨‡gÕ|18

14. Avk-kviûj gyg‡ZÔ 7/422-423| 15. gvRg~ÔDj dvZvIqv 26/305| 16. eyLvix nv/1503, 1506; gymwjg nv/986, 985; wgkKvZ

nv/1815-16| 17. eyLvix nv/2449; wgkKvZ nv/5126 ÔAv eÕ Aa vq, ÔhyjygÕ Aby‡”Q`| 18. gyqvË¡v gv‡jK, wKZveyj K¡vhv wdj eyq~Ô 1/29, nv/126; AvZ-

ZvjLxQzj nvexi 3/104|

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20

G¶‡Y FY †_‡K evuPvi KwZcq Dcvq wb‡gœ eY©bv Kiv nÕj- 1. A‡í Zzó _vKv : myLx Rxeb jv‡fi cÖavb Dcvq `yÕwU- ZvK¡ x‡ii cÖwZ `„p wek¦vm I A‡í Zzwó| A‡í Zzó e¨w³ KL‡bv nZvk nq bv Ges AwaK cvIqvi AvKv•¶v Zv‡K ywbqvi cÖwZ Avm³ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| ZvB FY †_‡K evuPvi Ab¨Zg Dcvq nÕj Avj−vn cÖ Ë †bÔg‡Z Zzó _vKv| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡j‡Qb, ��c%��3� 0��d�8 �$)*�+ �R�3 ef� �(�S�; %�'�� g�M��5 ÔAvj−vn †Zvgvi ZvK¡ x‡i hZUzKz eÈb K‡i‡Qb, Zvi cÖwZ Zzó _vK, ZvnÕ‡j gvby‡li gv‡S me‡P‡q eo abx nÕ‡Z cvi‡eÕ|19 wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, 0��[3� �$�*�3�5 ��g��@3� �1��h�& �$�� 0��[3� �C��3��C�D��3� 0��d Ôcvw_©e m¤ú‡ì AvwaK¨ nÕ‡j abx nIqv hvq bv, eis g‡bi abxB cÖK…Z abxÕ|20 Ab¨Î wZwb e‡jb, ��; �%�+b %�'�� ef� ��@��;�5 �%9"%�D�& �i�, M�5 ��(��K�8 �$�4 �J��"�8 ÔH e¨w³ mdj n‡q‡Q, †h Bmjvg MÖnY K‡i‡Q, Zv‡K cÖ‡qvRb gvwdK wiwhK †Ìqv n‡q‡Q Ges Avj−vn Zv‡K hv w`‡q‡Qb Zv‡Z mš‘ó †i‡L‡QbÕ|21 A‡í Zzó ü`q gvbyl‡K memgq FYgy³ Rxe‡bi w`‡K AvnŸvb Rvbvq| 2. DuPz †kÖYxi †jvK‡ì w`‡K bv ZvKv‡bv : FY †_‡K evuPvi Av‡iKwU Dcvq nÕj DuPz †kÖYxi †jvK‡ì w`‡K bv ZvwK‡q memgq bxPz †kÖYxi †jvK‡ì w`‡K ZvKv‡bv| KviY AvR‡Ki mgv‡R AwaKvsk †¶‡Î gvbyl D”Pvwfjvlx †jvK‡ì Øviv cÖfvweZ n‡q FY K‡i _v‡K| †mRb¨ ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡j‡Qb, �-�D�K�8 �7 � �$�4 0�3�O ��5 �)j�E� %�3 ��8 M��8 ��E�V�" ��()*�;�7�" �7 � �$�4 0�3�O ��5 �)j��+ %�3�5 ��()*��4��()*�� f� �:�'�@�E ��5 M��2�+ Ô†Zvgiv wb‡R‡ì A‡c¶v wb¤œ ch©v‡qi †jvK‡ì w`‡K ZvKvI| Ggb e¨w³i w`‡K ZvKv‡e bv, †h †Zvgv‡ì †P‡q D”P ch©v‡qi| hw` GB bxwZ Aej¤b Ki, ZvnÕ‡j Avj−vni †bÔgZ †Zvgv‡ì Kv‡Q ¶z ª g‡b n‡e bvÕ|22 Z‡e ywbqvex †Kvb †RŠjym †`‡L gy» nIqv A¯vfvweK bq| wKš‘ †mB cvw_©e PvKwP‡K¨ wb‡R‡K Wzwe‡q †Ìqv I AvZ¥wb‡qvM Kiv gvbyl‡K Av‡LivZ wegyL K‡i †`q| †mRb¨ ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) ywbqvex †Kvb wKQz †`‡L wegy» nÕ‡j ej‡Zb, �1��=� k�� k��@3� HO �R��Z�3 Ô†n Avj−vn! Avwg †Zvgvi ìev‡i nvwhi! Av‡Liv‡Zi RxebB †Zv

19. wZiwghx nv/2305; wgkKvZ nv/5171, mb` nvmvb| 20. eyLvix nv/6446; wZiwghx nv/2373; wgkKvZ nv/5170| 21. gymwjg nv/1054; wZiwghx nv/2348; wgkKvZ nv/5165| 22. wZiwghx nv/2513; Beby gvRvn nv/4142, mb` Qnxn|

cÖK…Z RxebÕ|23 kvqL DQvqgxb (int) e‡jb, ÔGi KviY nÕj gvby‡li ü`q me mgq ywbqvex †mŠ›`‡h©i w`‡K Szu‡K _v‡K Ges cvw_©e †gvn Zv‡K Avj−vn&i AvbyMZ¨ †_‡K wegyL K‡i iv‡L| ZvB ivm~j (Qvt) GB evK¨wU cvV Ki‡Zb, hv‡Z Zuvi ü`q Av‡LivZgyLx nq| GKUz †f‡e †`Lyb- hvi wbK‡U ywbqvex GB eYv©X¨ Rxe‡bvcKiY †`L‡Z cv‡”Qb, GB Av‡qkx Rxeb GKw`b Zvi KvQ †_‡K we`vq wb‡e A_ev †mB e¨w³ Zvi ywbqvex †fvM¨ mvgMÖx †_‡K wPi we`vq wb‡q Ke‡i P‡j hv‡e| KviY ywbqvex Rxeb ¶Y ’vqx Ges Av‡Liv‡Zi Rxeb wPi ’vqx| ZeyI `ywbqvex †mŠ›`h© Ges Kv‡iv Mvox-evox, iOgnj I wejvmx Rxeb hw` Avcbv‡K gy» K‡i Ges Gi cÖwZ Avcbv‡K AvMÖnx K‡i †Zv‡j, ZvnÕ‡j Avcwb ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi †kLv‡bv GB evK¨wU cvV K‡i gb‡K ïwb‡q w`b ÔjveŸvBK! Bbœvj Avqkv Avqïj Av‡LivnÕ| †`L‡eb gnvb Avj−vn GB ev‡Kï gva¨‡g Avcbvi ü`q‡K ywbqv wegyL K‡i w`‡q‡Qb Ges Avcbvi gbUvI cwiZ…wß Øviv ficyi n‡q †M‡QÕ|24 ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi wkLv‡bv GB c×wZ wKQzUv nÕ‡jI Avgv‡ì‡K ywbqv wegyL nÕ‡Z cÖ‡Yv`bv †hvMv‡e Ges FY Kivi cÖeYZv †_‡K i¶v Ki‡e| 3. †ekx †ekx `vb Kiv : m”QjZv jv‡fi Ab¨Zg eo Dcvq nÕj mva¨gZ †ekx †ekx `vb-Qv`vK¡vn Kiv| KviY `v‡bi gva¨‡g Avj−vn ev›`vi m¤ú` e„w× K‡i Zv‡Z eiKZ `vb K‡ib Ges Zvi Afve ~i K‡i †`b| Ave~ Kvekv Avj-Avbgvix (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z, wZwb ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-†K ej‡Z ï‡b‡Qb †h, wZwb e‡j‡Qb, ÔAvwg wZbwU wel‡q kc_ KiwQ Ges †m¸‡jvi e¨vcv‡i †Zvgv‡ì‡K ejwQ| †Zvgiv G¸‡jv g‡b ivL‡e| wZwb e‡jb,

��Z�.l�" 9:�'��j�4 #��Z�� (��)T %�3�5 �A:�;��< �$�4 A��Z�� )L%�4 �m�G�E %�4 ef� ��, %H3�O %�� a%�� #��Z�� J��" %�3�5 ��n2�� ef� �J��" %H3�O A:�3�o�S�4

A��G�" �a%�� p (1) `vb-Qv`vK¡vn Ki‡j †Kvb ev›`vi m¤ú` n«vm cvq bv| (2) †Kvb ev›`vi Dci hyjyg Kiv nÕ‡j †m hw` Zv‡Z âh© aviY K‡i, ZvnÕ‡j Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv Aek¨B Zvi m¤§vb evwo‡q †`b| (3) †Kvb ev›`v wf¶vi ìRv Lyj‡j Aek¨B

23. gymbv‡` kv‡dC (wmÜx) nv/797; AvZ-ZvjLxQyj nvexi nv/1004; Avk-kviûj gyg‡ZÔ 7/70; ( �Z�q 0H��< f� �L7 K�M �$�� r

ef� ��NO �E8 �(H��K�5 �� L%�; � Z�P�@ � %9s�� t�8�M" k�� k��@�3� HO �R��Z�3�1��=v�3�) nv‡Kg nv`xQwU‡K Qnxn e‡j‡Qb|

24. DQvqgxb, kviû gyK¡vÏvgvwZj gvRg~Ô, (Kvq‡iv: `vi“ Bewbj RvIhx, 2004), c„t 101|

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Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv Zvi Afv‡ei ìRv Ly‡j †`bÕ|25 Bgvg kv‡dC (int) e‡jb, F:�q%��q �]%��o�3� 62��8 :�7 P�3� �A:H��; �$�4 �

�B�" x�M�7�3��5 y%�z � �5�8 0�� $�4 �� {�/�3� ):�'��&�5 �A1�7��= � ÔwZbwU welq me‡P‡q `vgx| K. Aí _vKv m‡Ë¡I `vb Kiv| L. wbR©‡b Avj−vn‡K fq Kiv| M. Kv‡iv Kv‡Q wKQz cvIqvi ev nviv‡bvi Avk¼v _vKv m‡Ë¡I Zvi mvg‡b nK¡ K_v ejvÕ|26

myZivs `v‡bi gva¨‡g KL‡bv m¤ú` K‡g hvq bv| eis Gi gva¨‡g Avgv‡ì m¤ú` eiKZgwÊZ nq| Avj−vn e‡jb, �B ��M H�O �-); M��G��5 ��%�Z�� $�4 e]%�|�� $�'�3 �i�, �3� )} S�Z��

��;�,��3� ��= �7 ��5 �)D��z � �7 ��" A]�B�� $�4 �( ��G�D�E�8 %�4�5 ��3�$� Ôej, wbðqB Avgvi ie Zvui ev›`v‡ì g‡a¨ hvi Rb¨ B”Qv wiwhK cÖk — K‡ib Ges msKzwPZ K‡ib| †Zvgiv hv wKQz Avj−vn&i Rb¨ e¨q Ki, wZwb Zvi cÖwZ`vb w`‡eb Ges wZwbB DËg wiwhK`vZvÕ (mvev 34/39)| 4. FY †_‡K Avj−vn&i Kv‡Q cvbvn PvIqv : FY †_‡K cwiÎvY jv‡fi me‡P‡q eo Dcvq nÕj FY †_‡K Avj−vn&i Kv‡Q AvkÖq cªv_©bv Kiv Ges FY †_‡K gyw³ jv‡fi †`vÔAv Kiv| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) ¯qs FY †_‡K Avj−vn&i Kv‡Q cvbvn PvB‡Zb| Av‡qkv (ivt) e‡jb, Avj−vn&i ivm~j (Qvt) cÖ‡Z¨K Qvjv‡Z Avj−vn&i Kv‡Q ¸bvn Ges FY nÕ‡Z cvbvn PvB‡Zb| GKRb cÖkœKvix ejj, (†n Avj−vn&i ivm~j)! Avcwb FY nÕ‡Z GZ †ekx †ekx cvbvn Pvb †Kb? wZwb Rev‡e e‡jb, �~��d ��N�O �- ��3� H�O��=�o�" ��5�5 ��a��*�" �� Ôgvbyl FYMÖ — nÕ‡j hLb K_v e‡j wg_¨v e‡j Ges Iqv`v Ki‡j Zv f½ K‡iÕ|27

GKw`b GK µxZ`vm Avjx (ivt)-Gi Kv‡Q G‡m ejj, Avwg Avgvi gwb‡ei mv‡_ m¤ú‡ì wjwLZ Pyw³i g~j¨ cwi‡kva Ki‡Z cviwQ bv, Avgv‡K mvnvh¨ Ki“b| DË‡i Avjx (ivt) ej‡jb, Avwg wK †Zvgv‡K Ggb wKQy evK¨ wkwL‡q †è, hv ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) Avgv‡K wkwL‡q‡Qb? GB †`vÔAvi gva¨‡g hw` †Zvgvi Dci cvnvomg F‡Yi †evSvI _v‡K, Avj−vn Zv cwi‡kv‡ai eë ’v K‡i w`‡eb| Zywg co, �B��D�&� �( �H�3� �R�3%��/�� B��d�8�5 �R�4�� $�� R��I�D�� 7�K �$�'�� ÔAvj−-û¤§vK&wdbx wenvjv-wjKv ÔAvb& nviv-wgKv, Iqv AvM&wbbx wedvh&wjKv ÔAv¤§vb& wmIqvKÕ (A_©- †n Avj−vn! Zywg Avgv‡K nvjvj [wRwb‡mi] mvnv‡h¨ nvivg †_‡K euvwP‡q ivL Ges Zywg †Zvgvi ing‡Zi gva¨‡g

25. wZiwghx nv/2325; wgkKvZ nv/ 5287, mb` Qnxn| 26. Beby iRe nv¤^jx, Rv‡gÔDj ÔDj~g Iqvj wnKvg 1/408| 27. eyLvix nv/2397|

Avgv‡K cigyLv‡c¶x nÕ‡Z i¶v K‡iv)|28 Avbvm (ivt) e‡jb, Avwg ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-†K cÖvqB ej‡Z ïbZvg, �7 ��8 B E�O �( �H�3� �2�P�@3��5 ��2��5 (�� $�4 �R�� )N�L%�� 3� �:�Z��d�5 ��$��3� ��X�5 ��$�Z)��5 �-�z Z3��5 ��-�S�*3��5 ÔAvj−v-û¤§v Bbœx AvEhyweKv wgbvj nvw¤§, Iqvj nvhvwb, Iqvj ÔAvRwh, Iqvj Kvmvwj, Iqvj eyLwj, Iqvj Ryewb, Iqv hjvB & `vBwb, Iqv MjvevwZi& wiRvjÕ (†n Avj−vn! Avwg †Zvgvi Kv‡Q, A¯w —, `ywðš—v, A¶gZv, AjmZv, K…cYZv, fxi“Zv, F‡Yi †evSv Ges gvby‡li Rei`w — †_‡K Avkªq cÖv_©bv KiwQ)|29 FY †Ljvwciv mveavb : Avgv‡ì mgv‡Ri GK‡kªYxi cÖfvekvjx e¨w³eM© e¨vsK †_‡K †gvUv A‡¼i FY wb‡q Zv cwi‡kva Ki‡Qb bv| miKviI Zv‡ì e¨vcv‡i wkw_jZv cÖ k©b Ki‡Qb| d‡j FY ye©„Ë‡ì AcK‡g©i †LmviZ ¸Y‡Z n‡”Q †MvUv RvwZ‡K| ejv P‡j, †`‡ki e¨vswKs Lv‡Z B”QvK…Z FY‡Ljvwci msL¨v cÖwZwbqZ evo‡Q, hvi Rb¨ `vqx wKQy eo eëmvqx| Zviv e¨vsK †_‡K bvbv †KŠk‡j FY wb‡”Qb| wKš‘ Avi †diZ w`‡”Qb bv| Avi G eo FY‡Ljvwci Kvi‡Y mvgwMÖKfv‡e e¨vswKs Lv‡Z †Ljvwc F‡Yi cvnvo R‡g †M‡Q| gvÎ wZb gv‡mi eëav‡b MZ gvP© †k‡l †`‡ki e¨vswKs Lv‡Z †Ljvwc FY †e‡o n‡q‡Q 1 jvL 10 nvhvi 874 †KvwU UvKv| wZb gvm Av‡M A_©vr wW‡m¤‡i G FY wQj 93 nvhvi 911 †KvwU UvKv| PjwZ eQ‡ii ïi“‡Z A_©gš¿x FY‡Ljvwc‡ì we‡kl my‡hvM †`qvi K_v †NvlYv K‡iwQ‡jb| d‡j evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki me©‡kl cÖwZ‡e`b Abyhvqx, MZ gvP© †k‡l †`‡ki e¨vsK Lv‡Zi FY weZiY 9 jvL 33 nvhvi 727 †KvwU UvKv| Gi g‡a¨ †gvU F‡Yi 11 `kwgK 87 kZvskB †Ljvwc| e¨vsK-mswk−óiv ej‡Qb, †emiKvix e¨vsK¸‡jvi cwiPvj‡Kiv wb‡R‡ì g‡a¨ FY Av`vb-cÖ vb Ki‡Qb| †h D‡Ï‡k¨ Gme FY †bqv n‡”Q, Zvi h_vh_ eënvi n‡”Q bv| F‡Yi A_© cvPviI n‡”Q| Gi mv‡_ Rwo‡q c‡o‡Qb e¨vs‡Ki wKQy EaŸ©Zb Kg©KZ©vI| d‡j †Ljvwc F‡Yi fqvenZv e„w× cv‡”Q| evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡Ki mv‡eK Mfb©i W. mv‡jn DwÏb Avn‡g` e‡jb, g~jZt `yÕwU Kvi‡Y †Ljvwc FY †e‡o †M‡Q| GKwU †Ljvwc‡ì we‡kl my‡hvM †`qv Ges AciwU `yb©xwZMÖ¯—‡ì wei“‡× kvw —g~jK eë ’v bv †bqv|30

28. wZiwghx nv/3563; Avngv` nv/1319; nv‡Kg nv/1973; Qnxnvn& nv/266; QnxûZ ZviMxe nv/1820; Qnxûj Rv‡gÔ nv/2625; wgkKvZ nv/2449, mb` nvmvb|

29. eyLvix nv/5425; wgkKvZ nv/2458| 30. ˆ`wbK bqv w`Mš—, 23 gvP©, 2020|

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Gfv‡e eZ©gvb wek¦evhv‡ii FY †Ljvwciv n°zj Bev` ev ev›`vi AwaKvi bó K‡i P‡j‡Qb| h_vh_ AvB‡bi Abykvmb Ges Øxb wegyLxZvB GB jvMvgnxb FY †Ljvwci g~j KviY| Avgv‡ì ¯§iY ivLv DwPZ, n°zj Bev` bóKvix‡K Avj−vn ¶gv K‡ib bv| Avi RbM‡Yi m¤ú` jyU Kivi cwiYvg Av‡ivI fqven| `ywbqv‡Z GB FY cwi‡kva bv Ki‡j, Av‡Liv‡Z Aek¨B Zv cwi‡kva Ki‡Z n‡e- wb‡Ri †bKx cÖ vb ev A‡bï ¸bvn MÖn‡Yi gva¨‡g| ZvB AwP‡iB ev›`vi AwaKvi wdwi‡q w`‡q ZIevn Kiv Avek¨K Ges Rxe‡bi me©‡¶‡Î Avj−vn‡K fq Kiv Acwinvh©| bB‡j Avj−vn&i K‡Vvi kvw — †_‡K †KD Avgv‡ì‡K i¶v Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv|

Dcmsnvi : FY GKwU fqven welq| F‡Yi Kvi‡Y knx` e¨w³I Rvbœv‡Z cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z evavMÖ — nq| †mKviY e¨w³MZ I mvgvwRK †jb‡`‡bi †¶‡Î m`v mZK© _vKv hiƒix| †Kvb gybvdvi D‡Ïk¨ Qvov gymwjg‡K FY cÖ v‡bi gva¨‡g mvnvh¨ Kiv Avj−vn&i mš‘wó AR©‡bi Ab¨Zg gva¨g| Aciw`‡K FY MÖnY Bmjvgx kixÔAv‡Z Aby‡gvw`Z

nÕ‡jI, Zv cwi‡kva Kiv IqvwRe| Avi FY cwi‡kva bv Kiv AvZ¥mvr Kivi kvwgj| Acwi‡kvwaZ F‡Yi Kvi‡Y FYMÖ — e¨w³ Ke‡i I Av‡Liv‡Z kvw —cÖvß n‡e| †Kbbv B”QvK„Zfv‡e †`bv †kva bv Kiv Kexiv ¸bvn Ges n°zj Bev` bó Kivi bvgvš—i| mywdqvb QvIix (int) n°zj Bev` ev ev›`vi AwaKvi bó Kivi fqvenZv eY©bv K‡i e‡jb, Ôev›`vi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z GKwU cvc wb‡q Avj−vn&i mv‡_ mv¶vr Kivi †P‡q Avj−vn&i mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z mËiwU cvc wb‡q Zvui mv‡_ mv¶vZ Kiv †Zvgvi Rb¨ AwaKZi mnRÕ|31 Bmjvgx kixÔAvZ FY MÖnY I cwi‡kva Kivi †¶‡Î †hme bxwZgvjv cÖbqY K‡i‡Q, †mB bxwZgvjv Abyhvqx GKRb gymwjg FY MÖnY Ki‡e Ges Zv cwi‡kva Ki‡e| ZvB Avgiv F‡Yi gva¨‡g †hgb gvbe †mevq GwM‡q Avme, †Zgwb KL‡bv FYMÖ — nÕ‡j †mB FY cwi‡kva Kivi AvcÖvY †Póv Kie| gnvb Avj−vn Avgv‡ì‡K †QvU-eo mKj cÖKvi F‡Yi †evSv †_‡K gy³ ivLyb Ges FYgy³ Ae ’vq c~Y© gywgb wnmv‡e Zuvi mv‡_ mv¶vZ jv‡fi ZvIdxK¡ `vb Ki“b-Avgxb!

31. KziZzex, AvZ-ZvhwKivn, c„t 726|

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AvZ-ZvnixK †W¯‹ cÖPjb : C` v q‡ bi Qv jv Z 2 q wnR ix ‡ Z iv gv hv ‡ b i wQqv g d ih nI qv i mv ‡ _ m v ‡ _ P v jy nq | G wU m ybœv ‡ Z gyI qv °v ` v n| iv m~jyj− v n ( Qv t) wb qwgZ fv ‡ e G wU Av `v q K ‡ i‡ Qb G es †Qv U- eo, b v ix -cyi“l mK j gymjgv b ‡ K C‡ ` i Rv gv ÔAv ‡ Z nv whi nI qv i wb ‡ ` ©k w`‡ q‡ Qb | (K ) wZ wb G w`b m ‡ e©v Ë g †cv l vK cwi av b K i‡ Zb I wb R ¯¿x -K b ¨v ‡ ì wb ‡ q C` Mv ‡ n †h‡ Z b| (L) wZ wb G K c‡ _ †h‡ Z b I Ab ¨ c‡ _ wdi‡ Z b| cv ‡ q † nu‡ U hv Iqv Ges P jv i c‡ _

A waK nv ‡ i m i‡ e Zv K ex i †Ìqv myb œv Z| (M) gyK ¡x g-gym v wdi m ev B C‡ ì yÕiv K ÔAvZ Qv jv Z Av `v q K i‡ eb | ( N) G w` b m K v ‡ j wgmI qv K mn I h~-†Mv m j K ‡ i ˆ Z j-

m yM wÜ †g‡ L D Ëg †cv l v ‡K C` Mv ‡ ni D‡ Ï ‡ k ¨ Zv K ex i w` ‡ Z w` ‡ Z i Iqv bv nIqv gy —v nv e| (O) R v gv ÔAv Z Qy‡ U † M‡ j G KvK x ev R v gv ÔAv Z m nKv ‡ i C‡ ` i Zv K ex i m n

` yÕ iv K Ô Av Z Qv jv Z co‡ e| (P ) C`Mv ‡ n Av m‡ Z bv cv i‡ j ev ox ‡ Z †g‡ qiv m n ev ox i mK j‡ K wb ‡ q Z vK ex i m nKv ‡ i R v gv ÔAv ‡ Z i mv ‡ _ ` yÕivK ÔAv Z Qvjv Z Av `v q K i‡ e| C`vq‡bi mgqKvj : C yj A v hnv q m~h© G K Ô †b hv Õ c wigv Y I C` yj wdr‡ i yB Ô† bhv Õ cwigv Y D Vv i c‡ i

iv m~jy j−v n (Qv t ) C‡ ` i Qv jv Z Av ` v q K i‡ Zb | G K Ô †b hvÕ ev ek©v i ˆ ` N © nÕj wZb wgUv i ev m v‡ o Qq nv Z|1 A ZGe C` yj A v hnv i Qv jv Z m~‡ h©v ` ‡ qi ci ciB h_v m ¤¢ e ` ª“Z ïi“ K iv DwP Z| ZvKexi aŸwb : Avivdvi w`b d Ri †_‡K wgbv i †kl w`b ch© š— A_©v r 9B whjnv ¾ dRi †_‡K 13B whjnv ¾ ÔAvBqv‡g

ZvkixK¡Õ-Gi †kl w`b AvQi ch© š— 2 3 Iqv ³ Qv jv Z †k‡ l I Ab¨vb¨ mg‡q yB ev wZbev i K ‡i Ges C yj wdr‡ ii

w`b mKv‡ j C`Mv‡ni D‡Ï ‡k¨ †ei nIqv † _‡ K Lyrev ïi“ i AvM ch©š— D”PK‡ É C`vq‡bi Zv Kexi aŸwb K iv mybœvZ| GwU nÕj ÔC‡ì wb` k©bÕ )�� ( | G m gq Avj−v -û

AvK evi, Avj−v -û AvK evi, jv Bjv -nv B j−vj−v-û, Iqvj−v -û AvK evi, Avj−v-û AvK evi, Iqv wjj−v- wnj nv g& Õ| A‡bK weØvb c‡o‡Qb , ÔAvj−v-û Av Kev i K vexiv , Iqvj nvg y wjj−v -wn Kv Qx iv, Iqv myenv bvj−v-wn eyKiv Zuv I Iqv Av QxjvÕ| Bgvg kv ‡dC (int) GUv ‡K Ômy›ìÕ e‡j‡ Qb Õ|2 C`vq‡bi QvjvZ I AwZwi³ ZvKexi mg~n : cÖ_g iv K Ô Av ‡ Z Zv K ex ‡ i Zv nix gv I Qv b v cv ‡ Vi ci wK ¡iv Av ‡ Zi c~‡ e© m v Z I wØZx q iv K ÔAv‡ Z wK ¡iv Av ‡ Z i c~‡ e© cuv P †gv U ev i Z vK ex i †` Iqv m yb œv Z |3 1 g iv K Ô Av ‡ Z Ô Av E hyw ej− v nÕ -Ôwem w gj−v nÕ cv V A‡ š— wK ¡iv Av Z co‡ e| 2 q

1. wdK¡ûm mybœvn 1/238 c„t| 2. ªt gvmv‡q‡j Kzievbx 26-28 c„t| 3. Ave~`vE` nv/1149; `vivKzrbx (êiƒZ : 1417/1996) nv/1704;

we —vwiZ ªt Ôgvmv‡q‡j KzievbxÕ eB ÔC`vq‡bi Qvjv‡Z AwZwi³ ZvKexiÕ Aa vq, 5g ms ‹iY 2009, 33-42 c„t|

iv K ÔAv‡ Z wK¡iv Av ‡ Zi c~‡ e© †mªd Ô wem wg j−v nÕ ej‡ e| cÖ wZ Z vK ex‡ i ` yÕnv Z D Vv ‡ e I ev g nv ‡ Zi D ci Wv b nv Z ey‡K euv a‡ e|4 P v i Ljx dv I g`x bv i †k ªô mv Z R b Zv ‡ eC d K¡x n mn cÖv q mK j Qv nv ex , Zv ‡eC, wZb B gv g I A b¨ v b ¨ †k ªô gy nv wÏ Q I gyR Zv wn` B gv gMY Ges B gv g Av ey nv bx dv (int )-Gi ` yB cÖav b wk l ¨ B gv g Av ey B D myd I

gynv ¤§ v ` (int ) ev ‡ iv Z vK ex ‡ ii Dc‡ i Av gj K i‡ Z b | fv i‡ Z i yÕR b L¨v Zbv gv nv bv dx weØv b Av ãyj nv B jv ‡ ¶èŠex I Av‡ bv qv i k v n K v k ¥x ix ev ‡ iv Zv K ex i‡ K m g_©b K ‡ i‡ Qb |5 Zv K ex i ej‡ Z fy‡ j † M‡ j ev MYb v q fyj nÕ‡ j Z v cyb iv q ej‡ Z nq bv ev ÔwmR `v ‡ q m ‡ nv Õ jv‡ M b v |6 Qq ZvKex‡ii Zvexj : ÔR vb v hv i P v i Zv K ex ‡ ii b¨v q Õ|7 e‡ j 1g iv K ÔAv ‡ Z ZvK ex ‡ i Zv nix gv m n wK ¡iv Av ‡ Zi c~‡ e© P v i ZvK ex i Ges 2 q ivK ÔAv ‡ Z i“K‚i Z vK ex i mn

wK ¡iv Av ‡ Zi c‡ i Pv i Zv K ex i e‡ j ÔZ v ex jÕ )� ��( K iv n‡ q‡ Q| G i g‡ a¨ Z vK ex ‡ i Zv nix gv I i“K ~i d ih Z vK ex i yÕ wU ev ` w`‡ j AwZ wi ³ (3+3 ) Qqw U Zv K ex i nq | A _P D³ hCd nv ` x‡ Q †K v b Z vK ex i ev ` †` Iqv i K _v †b B wK sev wK ¡ivA v‡ Z i A v‡ M ev c‡ i e‡ j † Kv b e³e¨ †b B | Ab yiƒcfv ‡ e gyQv b œv d B eby Av ex k v qev n (†ev¤^vB 1979, 2/173)-† Z e wY© Z Ô bq Z v K ex i Õ †_‡ K

Z vK ex‡ i Zv nix gv G es 1 g I 2 q iv K Ô Av ‡ Zi i“K‚i Z vK ex i ` yÕ wUm n †gv U wZ b wU dih Z vK ex i ev ` w`‡ j A wZ wi ³ Qq wU Zv K ex i nq| Gfv ‡ eB Zv ex j K ‡ i Qq Z vK ex i K iv n‡ q‡ Q, hv i Ab ygwZ A v j−v n ev Z uv i iv m~j (Qv t) K v D‡K †` bwb |

B eb y nv hg A v › `v jymx (int ) e‡ jb , Ô R v b v hv i P v i Z v K ex ‡ i i b ¨v q Õ g‡ g©i eY©b v wU hw` ÔQnx nÕ e‡ j a‡ i †b I qv nq |8 Z_v wc Gi g‡ a¨ Qq Zv K ex ‡ ii c‡ ¶ † K v b ` jx j †b B| K v i Y Zv K ex ‡ i Z v nix gv mn 1 g iv K Ô Av ‡ Z P v i I i“ K ~i Z v K ex i m n 2 q iv K Ô Av ‡ Z P v i Z v K ex i Ges 1 g iv K ÔAv ‡ Z wK ¡iv Av ‡ Zi c~‡ e© I 2 q iv K Ô Av ‡ Z wK ¡iv Av ‡ Zi c‡ i Zv K ex i w` ‡ Z n‡ e e‡ j † K v b K _v †m Lv ‡ b †b B| ei s GUv B ¯ú ó †h, ` yB iv K ÔAv ‡ Z B

R v b v hv i Qv jv ‡ Zi b ¨v q P v iwU K ‡ i (AwZwi³) Zv K ex i w` ‡ Z n‡ eÕ| A _P G wel ‡ q 12 Zv K ex ‡ ii ¯ú ó Qnx n nv `x ‡ Qi Dc‡ i m K ‡ j Av gj K i‡ j myb œx gym jgv ‡ b iv A š—Z t erm ‡ i ` yÕwU C‡ ` i Lykx i w` ‡ b H K ë× n‡ q Qv jv Z I B ev ` Z K i‡ Z cv iZ|9

C` v q‡ b i Qv jv Z mK j bd j Qv jv ‡ Z i g‡ a¨ me©v waK d hx jZc~Y©| 1 0 GwU B m jv ‡ gi ev wn¨K wb `k ©b m g~‡ ni 4. wgiÔAvZ 5/54 c„t; Avj-gyMbx, gvmAvjv 1415, 2/283 c„t;

eyLvix nv/740; wgkKvZ nv/798 ÔQvjv‡Zi weeiYÕ Aby‡”Q`| 5. wgiÔAvZ 5/46, 51, 52 c„t| 6. wgiÔAvZ nv/1455-Gi Av‡jvPbv 5/53 c„t| 7. Ave~`vE` nv/1153| 8. Qnxnvn nv/2997| 9. `ªt ÔQvjvZzi ivm~j (Qvt)Õ 211-12 c„t| 10. KziZzex, Zvdmxi m~iv QvddvZ 102-113 AvqvZ|

C`vq‡bi KwZcq gvmv‡qj

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gy³v ` x MY b x i‡ e †K ej m~iv ‡ q d v wZnv co‡ eb| G K v K x co‡ j ` yÕ wUB co‡ ebÕ |

C` v q‡ b i R b ¨ cÖ_‡ g Qv jv Z I c‡ i Lyrev cÖ v b K i‡ Z nq | C‡ ` i Qv jv ‡ Z i Av ‡ M wc‡ Q †K v b Qv jv Z †b B , Av hv b ev GK¡v gZ †b B | C`Mv ‡ n †ei nev i mgq D ”PK ‡ É Z vK ex i G es †cuŠQv i c‡ i I ZvK ex i aŸ wb K i‡ e| G m gq K v D ‡K R jw` A v mv i R b ¨ Av nŸvb K iv wVK b q | C`Mv ‡ n B gv g †cuŠ ‡ Q hv Iqv i c‡ i Qvjv ‡ Z i c~‡ e© we wfb œ R ‡ b e³ „Zv K iv myb œv Z we‡ iv ax Kv R | C` v q‡ b i Lyrev G K wU nI qv B Qnx n nv ` x Q m ¤§Z | gv SLv ‡ b e‡ m ` yÕwU Lyrev cÖ v b m¤ú ‡ K © K ‡ qK wU Ôh CdÕ nv `x Q i‡ q‡ Q| B gv g b eex (int ) e‡ jb , G wUB cÖgv wYZ m yb œv Z †h, Av j−v n&i iv m~j ( Qv t) C` v q‡ bi Qv jv Z †k‡ l ` uv wo‡ q †K ejgv Î GK wU Lyr ev w` ‡ q‡ Qb - hv i g‡a¨ A v‡ `k , wb ‡ l a , D c‡ `k , †` v ÔAv meB wQjÕ| 1 2 gym jgv b‡ ì R v Zx q Av b ›` -D rme gv Î ` yÕw U- C` yj wd ri I C yj Av hnv |1 3 G¶‡ Y ÔC‡ ` gx jv yb œex Õ Ô C‡`

wgÔiv R yb œex Õ cÖf„ wZ b v ‡ g b v bv we a C` -G i cÖP jb NUv ‡ bv wb tm ‡ ›` ‡ n we`Ô Av Z- hv Aek ¨B c wiZ ¨v R ¨| gwnjv‡ì AskMÖnY : C` v q‡ b i R v gv ÔAv ‡ Z cyi“ l ‡ ` i w cQ‡ b c ©v i g‡ a¨ gwnjv MY cÖ ‡ Z¨ ‡K eo Pv `‡ i Av e„Z n‡ q †hv M`v b K i‡ eb | cÖ‡ qvR ‡b GK R‡ b i Pv `‡ i ` yÕR b A v m‡ eb | LZ¡x e Qv ‡ ne bv ix -cyi“ l mK j‡ K j¶¨ K ‡ i gv Z…fv lv q cweÎ K ziAv b I Qnxn nv `x ‡ Qi wfwË ‡ Z Lyrev cÖ v b K i‡ eb | Lyrev i gv ‡ SI B gv ‡ gi Zv K ex ‡ ii mv ‡ _

gyQj−x MY Zv K ex i ej‡ eb| F ZzeZx gwnjv iv † K ej Z vK ex i ej‡ eb I Lyrev k ªeY K i‡ eb |1 4 Qv ‡ n‡ e wgi ÔA vZ e‡ jb † h, D ³ nv `x ‡ Qi †k ‡l ewY©Z �� K _v wU Ô Av gÕ | Gi Øv iv Lyrev i e³e¨ m g~n G es Iqv h-b Qx nZ eyS v ‡ bv n‡ q‡ Q| †K b bv C` v q‡ bi Qv jv ‡ Zi c‡ i ( mw ¤§ wjZ ) †`v ÔAv i cÖgv ‡ Y iv m~jyj− v n (Qv t) †_‡ K †Kv b nv `x Q ewY©Z nq wb Õ| 1 5 wewea : (1 ) C`v q‡ b i Qv jv Z gq`v ‡ b nIqv Uv B myb œv Z | iv m~jy j−v n (Qv t ) gm wR ‡ ` b eex i c~e© ` iR v i ev B‡ i 5 0 0 MR ~‡ i Ô ev Z¡nv b Õ )�� !�"( cÖv š—‡ i C` v q‡ bi Qv jv Z

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11. eyLvix nv/1| 12. gvmv‡q‡j Kzievbx 29-32 c„t| 13. Ave~`vE` nv/1134; wgkKvZ nv/1439| 14. eyLvix nv/980; wgkKvZ nv/1431| 15. wgiÔAvZ 5/31|

Qv jv Z Av `v q K ‡ iwQ‡ jb | wK š‘ web v K v i‡ Y eo gm wR ‡ ì †` v nv B w` ‡ q gq`v b †Q‡ o gm w R ‡ ` C‡ ` i Rv gv ÔAv Z K iv m yb œv Z we‡ iv ax K vR | ( 2) R v gv ÔAv Z Qz‡ U †M‡ j GK v Kx ev R v gv ÔAv Z mnK v ‡ i C‡ ` i A wZ wi ³ Zv K ex i mn ` yÕiv K Ô Av Z Qv jv Z Av `v q K ‡i wb ‡ e| ( 3) C` Mv ‡ n A v m‡ Z bv cv i‡ j ev ox ‡ Z † g‡ qiv m n m K j‡K wb ‡ q C` Mv ‡ ni b ¨v q ZvK ex i mnK v ‡ i R v gv Ô Av ‡ Zi mv ‡ _ ` yÕiv K Ô Av Z Qv jv Z Av `v q K i‡e| ( 4) R ygÔA v I C` G K B w` ‡ b nÕ ‡ j iv m~jy j−v n (Q v t) Bgv g wnm v ‡ e yÕw UB c‡ o‡ Qb| A b¨ ‡ ` i g‡ a¨ hv iv C` c‡ o‡ Qb , Zv ‡ ` i R b ¨

R ygÔ Av A cwinv h© K ‡ ibwb | A ek¨ yÕ wUB Av `v q K iv †h A waK QI qv ‡ ei K v i Y, G ‡ Z †Kv b m‡ ›` n †b B| (5 ) P uv ` I Vv i Lei ci w` b c~e©v ‡ ý †c‡ j m ‡ ½ m ‡ ½ B dZv i K‡ i

C‡ ` i gq`v ‡ b wM‡ q R v gv Ô Av ‡ Zi mv ‡ _ Qv jv Z A v` vq K i‡ e| bB ‡ j ciw` b C` co‡ e | (6) g° v i m v ‡ _ wg wj‡ q c„ w_ex i m e©Î GK B w` ‡ b wQqv g I

C` cv j‡ b i `v ex k ix ÔAv ‡ Zi cÖKv k¨ we‡ iv waZ v G es †m ªd nVK v wiZ v gv Î | Av j−v n e‡ jb , Ô†Z v gv ‡ ì g‡ a¨ † h e¨ w³ (iv gv hvb ) gv m cv ‡ e, †m †hb G gv‡ mi wQqv g iv ‡ LÕ (evK¡vivn 2/185)| iv m~jyj−v n ( Qv t) e‡ jb , Ô† Zv giv Puv ` †` ‡ L wQqv g iv ‡ Lv I Puv ` †` ‡L wQqv g Qv ‡ ov Õ|1 6 G ‡ Z cÖgv wYZ n q † h, mv iv ywb qv i gv byl GK B w` ‡ b iv gv hv b cv q bv Ges G KB m g‡ q Puv ` †`L‡ Z cv q bv | Av i GUv B

¯^v fv weK | †K b bv g°v q hLb m Ü ¨v q P vu †` Lv hv q , Xv Kv q Z Lb 3 N Èv 20 wgwb U iv Z nq | Z Lb Xv Kv i †jv K‡ ` i wK fv ‡ e ejv hv ‡ e †h, †Zv giv Puv ` bv †` ‡ LI

wQqv g iv L ev C` K ‡ iv ? d‡ j ¯v fv weK fv ‡ eB XvK v i wQqv g I C` g° v i GK w`b c‡i Puv ` †`‡ L n‡ eÕ|1 7 ( 7) K ziev b x I Av K¡x K¡v G KB w` ‡ b nÕ‡ j G es yÕ wUB K iv m v ‡ a¨ bv Kzjv ‡ j A vK¡x K¡v A MÖv waKv i cv ‡ e| †K bbv mv Z w` ‡ b Av K ¡xK ¡v K iv B Qnx n nv `x Q m¤§ Z| 1 8 (8) ` yB C‡ ì w` b wQqv g cv jb wb wl ×|1 9 A vi Av B qv‡ g Zv kix ‡K¡i wZb w`b 1 1 , 12 I 1 3B wh jnv ¾ Lv bv -wcb v i w` b| 20 (9) C‡ ` i w`b Qv nv ev ‡ q † K ivg ci¯ú ‡ i mv ¶v r nÕ‡ j ej‡ Zb ÔAvj−vû¤§v ZvK¡veŸvj wgbœv Iqv wgbKvÕ ( Av j−v n A v gv ‡ ì I Av cbv i c¶ nÕ‡ Z K eyj K i“ b! )|21 A ZGe ci¯ú ‡ i ÔC` gyev iK Õ ej‡ jI D ³ †` v Ô Av wU cv V K iv

m yb œv Z | G w` b wb ‡ ` ©v l †Ljv ayjv K iv hv‡ e|22 wK š‘ Zv B e‡ j cUK v ev wR , gv BK ev wR , K ¨v ‡ m Uev wR , P wiÎ weaŸ sm x wfw WI cÖ k ©b , ev ‡ R wm‡ bgv †`Lv , † Ljv ayjv i bv ‡ g bv ix -cyi“‡ l i A ev a m gv‡ ek I †gjv ‡gkv m ¤ú~Y©iƒ‡ c wb wl ×|

16. eyLvix, gymwjg, wgkKvZ nv/1970| 17. QvjvZzi ivm~j (Qvt) 205-06 c„t| 18. wZiwghx nv/1522; Ave~`vE` nv/2837; wgkKvZ nv/4153| 19. eyLvix nv/1991; gymwjg nv/1138; wgkKvZ nv/2048| 20. gymwjg nv/1141; wgkKvZ nv/2050| 21. wdK¡&ûm mybœvn 1/242| 22. wdK¡&ûm mybœvn 1/241|

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hvKvZ I Qv`vK¡v AvZ-ZvnixK †W¯‹

ÔhvKvZÕ A_© e„w× cvIqv, cweÎZv BZ¨vw`| cvwifvwlK A‡_© H `vb, hv Avj−vn&i wbK‡U µgkt e„w×cÖvß nq Ges hvKvZ `vZvi gvj‡K cweÎ I cwiï× K‡i| ÔQv`vK¡vÕ A_© H vb hvi Øviv Avj−vn&i ˆbKU¨ jvf nq| cvwifvwlK A‡_© hvKvZ I Qv`vK¡v g~jZt GKB gg©v‡_© eëüZ nq| hvKvZ I Qv`vK¡vi D‡Ïk¨ : hvKvZ I Qv`vK¡vi g~j D‡Ïk¨ nÕj `vwi`ª we‡gvPb I Bmjvgx HwZn¨ msi¶Y| ivm~jyjvn (Qvt) e‡jb, �� !�"�# ��$ �� %�� "&! '() *+�, ��)��-��. ÔAvj−vn Zv‡ì Dc‡i Qv`vK¡v dih K‡i‡Qb| hv Zv‡ì abx‡ì wbKU †_‡K †bIqv n‡e I Zv‡ì Mixe‡ì g‡a¨ wdwi‡q †Ìqv n‡eÕ|1

hvKv‡Zi cÖKvi‡f` : hvKvZ Pvi cÖKvi gv‡j dih n‡q _v‡K| 1. ¯Y©-†iŠc¨ ev mwÂZ UvKv-cqmv 2. eëmvqiZ m¤ú` 3. Drcbœ dmj 4. Mevw` cï| UvKv-cqmv GKeQi mwÂZ _vK‡j kZKiv AvovB UvKv ev 40 fv‡Mi 1 fvM nv‡i hvKvZ †ei Ki‡Z nq| eëmvqiZ m¤ú` g~ja‡bi GK eQi wnmve K‡i hvKvZ w`‡Z nq| Drcbœ dmj †hw`b n¯—MZ n‡e, †mw`bB hvKvZ (Iki) dih nq| Gi Rb¨ eQic~wZ© kZ© bq| hvKv‡Zi wbQve : 1. ¯Y©-†iŠ‡c¨ cuvP DwK¡qv ev 200 wìnvg| 2. eëmvqiZ m¤ú`-Gi wbQve ¯^Y©-†iŠ‡cï b¨vq| 3. Lv`¨ k‡mï wbQve cuvP AmvK¡, hv wnRvhx QvÔ Abyhvqx 717 †KwRi gZ nq| G‡Z Iki ev GK `kgvsk wba©vwiZ| †mPv cvwb‡Z nÕ‡j wbQ‡d Iki ev 1/20 Ask wba©vwiZ| 4. Mevw` cï : (K) DU 5wU‡Z GKwU QvMj (L) Mi“-gwnl 30wU‡Z 1wU wØZxq eQ‡i c`vc©YKvix evQzi (M) QvMj-†fov- y¤v 40wU‡Z GKwU QvMj| hvKvZ Z¨vMKvixi cwiYwZ : Avj−vn e‡jb, Ôhviv ¯Y© I †iŠc¨ cyÄxf~Z K‡i Ges Zv Avj−vn&i c‡_ e¨q bv K‡i, Zv‡ì‡K gg©š‘ kvw —i msev` `vI| †hw`b Rvnvbœv‡gi AwMœ‡Z Zv DËß Kiv n‡e Ges Zv Øviv Zv‡ì jjvU, cvk¦©‡`k I c„ô‡`‡k `vM †Ìqv n‡e| Avi ejv n‡e, GUvB †mB gvj, hv †Zvgiv wb‡R‡ì Rb¨ cyÄxf~Z Ki‡Z| myZivs †Zvgiv hv cyÄxf~Z K‡iwQ‡j Zvi ¯v` Av¯v`b KiÕ (ZIev 9/34-35)| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡j‡Qb, Ôhv‡K Avj−vn m¤ú` `vb K‡i‡Qb, wKš‘ †m Gi hvKvZ Av`vq K‡iwb, wK¡qvg‡Zi w`b Zvi m¤ú`‡K †U‡Kv (we‡li ZxeªZvi Kvi‡Y) gv_v wewkó welai mv‡ci AvK…wZ `vb K‡i Zvi Mjvq Szwj‡q †Ìqv n‡e| mvcwU Zvi gy‡Li yÕcv‡k¦© Kvg‡o a‡i ej‡e, Avwg †Zvgvi m¤ú`, Avwg †Zvgvi mwÂZ ab| AZtci ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) †ZjvIqvZ K‡ib, ÔAvj−vn hv‡ì‡K m¤ú`kvjx K‡i‡Qb A_P Zviv †m m¤ú` e¨‡q Kvc©Y¨ K‡i‡Q, Zv‡ì aviYv Kiv DwPZ bq †h, †mUv Zv‡ì Rb¨ Kj¨vYKi, eis †mwU Zv‡ì Rb¨ ¶wZKi| AwP‡iB wK¡qvgZ wè‡m, hv wb‡q †m Kvc©Y¨ K‡i‡Q, †mwU Zv‡ì Mj‡`‡k †eoxe× Kiv n‡eÕ (Av‡j Bgivb 3/180)|2

1. gyËvdvK¡ AvjvBn, wgkKvZ nv/1772 ÔhvKvZÕ Aa¨vq| 2. eyLvix nv/1403, ÔhvKvZÕ Aa vq; wgkKvZ nv/1774|

hvKvZzj wdri : hvi cwiev‡i GKw`‡bi Lv`¨ i‡q‡Q, Zvi Dci GwU Ab¨Zg dih hvKvZ (wgiÔAvZ 6/190)| hv C yj wdr‡ii Qvjv‡Z †ei nIqvi Av‡MB gv_v cÖwZ GK QvÔ ev AvovB †KwR wnmv‡e †`‡ki cÖavb Lv`¨km¨ nÕ‡Z cÖ vb Ki‡Z nq| nhiZ Avãyj−vn Beby Igi (ivt) e‡jb, Ôivm~jyjvn (Qvt) ¯xq D¤§‡Zi ¯vaxb I µxZ`vm, cyi“l I bvix, †QvU I eo mK‡ji Dci gv_v wcQz GK QvÔ †LRyi, he BZ¨vw (Ab¨ eY©bvq) Lv ë ‘ wdrivi hvKvZ wnmv‡e dih K‡i‡Qb Ges Zv C`Mv‡ni D‡Ï‡k¨ †ei nIqvi c~‡e©B Avgv‡ì‡K Av vq Kivi wb‡ ©k `vb K‡i‡QbÕ|3 Gi Rb¨ e¨w³‡K ÔQv‡n‡e wbQveÕ A_©vr mvsmvwiK cÖ‡qvRb ev‡` 200 w invg A_©vr mv‡o 52 †Zvjv iƒcv wKsev mv‡o 7 †Zvjv ¯‡Y©i gvwjK nIqv kZ© bq| hvi Ihb eZ©gvb gvc Abyhvqx cÖwZ †Zvjv ... MÖvg| GwU gv‡ji hvKvZ bq, eis e¨w³i hvKvZ (wgiÔAvZ 6/190)| d‡j Av‡Mi w b †KD gymjgvb n‡j ev C yj wdr‡ii w`b mKv‡j Qvjv‡Z †ei nIqvi c~‡e© †Kvb mš—vb n‡j Zvi Rb¨ wdriv w`‡Z nq| Avevi H mgq †KD gviv †M‡j Zvi wdriv w ‡Z nq bv| Qv`vK¡v e¨‡qi LvZ mg~n : cweÎ KziAv‡b m~iv ZIevi 60bs Avqv‡Z dih Qv`vK¡v mg~n e¨‡qi AvUwU LvZ ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| h_v- 1. dKxi : wbtm¤j wf¶vcÖv_©x| 2. wgmKxb : †h e¨w³ wb‡Ri cÖ‡qvRb wgUv‡ZI cv‡ibv, PvB‡ZI cv‡ibv| evwn¨Kfv‡e Zv‡K m”Qj e‡jB g‡b nq| 3. ÔAv‡gjxb : hvKvZ Av`v‡qi Rb¨ wb‡qvwRZ Kg©KZ©v I Kg©PvixMY| 4. Bmjv‡gi cÖwZ AvK„ó e¨w³MY : Agymwjg‡ì‡K Bmjv‡g `vwLj Kivi Rb¨ GB LvZwU wbw ©ó| 5. `vmgyw³i Rb¨ : GB LvZ eZ©gv‡b k~b¨| Z‡e A‡bK weØvb Amnvq K‡q`x‡ì gyw³‡K GB Lv‡Zi Aš—fy©³ MY¨ K‡i‡Qb (KziZzex)| 6. FYMÖ — e¨w³ : hvi m¤ú‡ì Zzjbvq F‡Yi AsK †ekx| wKš‘ hw` Zvi FY _v‡K I m¤ú` bv _v‡K, GgZve¯’vq †m dKxi I FYMÖ — `yÕwU Lv‡Zi nK`vi n‡e| 7. dx mvexwjj−vn ev Avj−vn&i iv —vq e¨q Kiv| GwU e¨vcK A_©‡evaK| Z‡e weØvbMY GRb¨ wRnv‡ì LvZ‡K AMÖvwaKvi w`‡q‡Qb| 8. `y ’ gymvwdi : cw_g‡a¨ †Kvb KviYekZt cv‡_q k~b¨ n‡q co‡j cw_KMY GB LvZ nÕ‡Z mvnvh¨ cv‡eb| hwÌ wZwb wbR †`‡k ev evox‡Z m¤ú`kvjx nb| LvZ ewnf©~Zfv‡e †Kvb Agymwjg‡K hvKvZ ev wdriv †Ìqv Rv‡qh bq|4 evqZzj gvj Rgv Kiv : C`yj wdr‡ii yÕwZb w`b c~‡e© evqZzj gv‡j wdriv Rgv Kiv mybœvZ| Beby Igi (ivt) Abyiƒcfv‡e Rgv Ki‡Zb| hv C‡ì c‡i nK`viM‡Yi g‡a¨ eÈb Kiv nÕZ|5 hvKvZ-Iki-wdriv-Kzievbx BZ¨vw` dih I bdj Qv`vK¡v Bmjvgx ivóª wKsev †Kvb wek¦ — Bmjvgx ms ’v-i wbK‡U Rgv Kiv, AZtci †mB ms¯’v-i gva¨‡g eÈb KivB nÕj evqZzj gvj eÈ‡bi mybœvZx ZixKv| Qvnvev‡q †Kiv‡gi hy‡M G eë¯’vB Pvjy wQj| Zuviv KL‡bvB wb‡R‡ì hvKvZ wb‡Riv nv‡Z K‡i eÈb Ki‡Zb bv| eis hvKvZ msMÖnKvixi wbK‡U wM‡q Rgv w`‡q Avm‡Zb| GLbI mE`x Avie, Kz‡qZ cÖf„wZ †`‡k G †iIqvR Pvjy Av‡Q| Gi Øviv hvKvZ `vZv wiqv gy³ n‡Z cv‡ib Ges Qv`vK¡v Kjylgy³ nq|

3. eyLvix, gymwjg; wgkKvZ nv/1815-16| 4. wdK¡ûm mybœvn 1/386; wgiÔAvZ nv/1833-Gi e¨vL¨v, 6/206| 5. eyLvix, dvrûj evix nv/1511-Gi Av‡jvPbv 3/438, wgiÔAvZ 6/207|

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BwZnv‡mi fqven me gnvgvix¸‡jv -AvZ-ZvnixK †W¯‹

msµvgK †iv‡Mi †¶‡Î me‡P‡q fqven cwiw¯’wZ m„wó nq Zv gnvgvix AvKv‡i Qwo‡q co‡j| eZ©gv‡b bZzb K‡ivbv fvBivm‡K wek¦e¨vcx gnvgvix wnmv‡e †NvlYv †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| Z‡e Ggb msµvgK †iv‡Mi AZxZ BwZnvm †ek `xN©| g¨v‡jwiqv, h²v, Kzô, Bbd¬y‡qÄv, ¸wUemš— cÖf…wZ wewfbœ †ivM bvbv mg‡q gnvgvixi iƒc wb‡q‡Q| gvbemf¨Zv hZ DbœZ n‡q‡Q, gnvgvixi cÖvej¨ ZZ †e‡o‡Q| KviY ax‡i ax‡i kni, MÖvg M‡o D‡V‡Q, RbmsL¨vi NbZ¡ †e‡o‡Q| GQvov †e‡o‡Q wewfbœ AÂ‡ji g‡a¨ †hvMv‡hvM I evwYR¨| d‡j †ivM ª“Z Qwo‡q covi SzuwKI ˆZix n‡q‡Q| Avmyb, †R‡b †bIqv hvK Ggb wKQz fqsKi gnvgvixi Kvwnbx, hv AMwYZ gvby‡li g„Zz i KviY n‡qwQj| e`‡j w`‡qwQj BwZnv‡mi MwZaviv| 1. wLªóc~e© 430 Aã : †c‡jvc‡bwmqvb hy‡×i mgq wLªóc~e© 430 A‡ã GKwU †ivM gnvgvix AvKv‡i Qwo‡q c‡owQj| eZ©gvb wjweqv, Bw_Iwcqv I wgmi Ny‡i Zv MÖx‡mi ivRavbx G‡_‡Ý Qwo‡q c‡owQj| G †iv‡M H AÂ‡ji †gvU RbmsL¨vi cÖvq `yB-Z…Zxqvs‡ki g„Zz nq| H †iv‡Mi g~j j¶Y wQj R¡i, cÖPÊ wccvmv, Mjv I wRnŸv i³v³ nIqv, Z¡K jvj‡P n‡q hvIqv I ¶Z m„wó nIqv BZ¨vw`| aviYv Kiv nq, GwU wQj UvBd‡qW R¡i| ejv n‡q _v‡K, Ggb gnvgvixi Kvi‡YB ¯cvU©vb‡ì Kv‡Q hy‡× nvi‡Z n‡qwQj G‡_wbqvb‡ì| 2. Rvw÷wbqvb †c−M (541 wLªóvã) : wgm‡i cÖ_g GB †ivM gnvgvix AvKv‡i Qwo‡q c‡o| †mLvb †_‡K wdwj —xb I evB‡R›UvBb mvgªvR¨Ry‡o GB gnvgvix we —vi jvf K‡i| c‡i cy‡iv f‚ga¨mvMixq AÂ‡j GB †c−M ZvÊe Pvjvq| mgªvU Rvw÷wbqvb H mgq †ivgvb mvgªv‡Rï m‡½ evB‡R›UvBb‡K GKxf‚Z Kivi cwiKíbv KiwQ‡jb| gnvgvix‡Z me †f‡ — hvq| ïi“ nq A_©‰bwZK msKU| GB †ivM cieZ©x AviI yB kZvãx a‡i wewfbœ mg‡q gnvgvix AvKvi wb‡qwQj| gviv wM‡qwQj cÖvq cvuP †KvwU gvbyl| ZLbKvi wnmv‡e GwU wQj c„w_exi †gvU RbmsL¨vi 26 kZvsk| GB †c−‡Mi g~j evnK wQj Bu yi| g~jZ gvby‡li PjvP‡ji gva¨‡g GB †ivM Qwo‡q c‡o GK AÂj †_‡K Ab¨ AÂ‡j| 3. Kzô (1100 wLªóvã) : Kzô‡iv‡Mi Aw —Z¡ wQj Av‡M †_‡KB| wKš‘ ga¨hy‡M BD‡iv‡c GB †ivM gnvgvix AvKv‡i Qwo‡q c‡owQj| Kzô e¨vK‡Uwiqv RwbZ GKwU †ivM| A¨vw›Uev‡qvwUK Avwe®‹v‡ii AvM ch©š— Kzô wQj cÖvYNvZx †ivM| eZ©gv‡bI eQ‡i jvL jvL †jvK Kzô‡iv‡M Avµvš— n‡q _v‡K| wKš‘ A¨vw›Uev‡qvwU‡Ki eënv‡ii Kvi‡Y Avi GB †iv‡M gvby‡li cÖvYnvbx nq bv| 4. Kv‡jv g„Zz (1346 mvj) : Kv‡jv g„Zz ev Kv‡jv goK gvbemf¨Zvi BwZnv‡m GKwU exfrm, †jvgnl©K I Kv‡jv BwZnvm enb Ki‡Q| c„w_exe¨vcx

Qwo‡q cov GB gnvgvixi Ke‡j c‡o 1346 †_‡K 1353 wLªóv‡ãi g‡a¨ ga¨cÖvP¨mn BD‡ivc, Gwkqv I Avwd«Kv gnv‡`‡ki 7 †_‡K 20 †KvwU gvbyl g„Zz eiY K‡i| Ab¨ wnmv‡e †mmgq we‡k¦i †gvU RbmsL¨vi GK-Z…Zxqvs‡ki g„Zz n‡qwQj| `¨ e− vK †W_ bv‡g cÖwm× GB gnvgvix cÖ_‡g Gwkqv AÂ‡j Qwo‡q c‡owQj| c‡i Zv ewYK‡ì Rvnv‡h emevm Kiv Kv‡jv Bu yi I Bu yi gvwQ bvgK `yÕwU cÖRvwZi gva¨‡g cwð‡g Qovq| GKch©v‡q cy‡iv BD‡ivc GB gnvgvix‡Z Avµvš— nq| AwaKvsk bvix I cyi“l GB cZ‡½i Kvg‡o ey‡evwbK †c−‡M Avµvš— n‡qwQj| BD‡iv‡ci †gvU RbmsL¨vi 30-60 fvM gvbyl GB †iv‡M Avµvš— n‡q gviv hvq| ïay GB gnvgvixi Kvi‡Y H mg‡q Bsj¨vÊ I d«vÝ hy× †_‡g hvq| BD‡iv‡c †c−MwUi AvMgb N‡U 1347 mv‡ji A‡±ve‡i, hLb K…ò mvMi †_‡K Avmv 12wU Rvnvh †bvOi †d‡j BZvjxi †gwmbv kn‡ii wmwmwjqvb e›`‡i| Rvnvh¸‡jv nvwhi nIqvi ci e›`‡i Dcw ’Z RbZv Avwe®‹vi K‡i †h, Rvnvh¸‡jv‡Z _vKv AwaKvsk bvweKB g‡i c‡o Av‡Q| Avi hviv †eu‡P Av‡Q, Zv‡ì Ae ’vI †kvPbxq| mviv Mv f‡i †M‡Q Kv‡jv i‡Oi cyu‡R| A‡b‡Ki †dvuov¸‡jv c‡P wM‡q cyuRI †ei n‡”Q| mewKQz cÖZ¨¶ K‡i wmwmwjqvb e›ì KZ©…c¶ ª“ZB wb‡`©k †`q †hb mKj Rvnvh AwZmZ¡i e›ì Z¨vM K‡i| wKš‘ ZZ¶‡Y A‡bK †ìx n‡q †M‡Q| Kv‡jv g„Zz Qwo‡q c‡o‡Q BD‡iv‡ci gvwU‡ZI, hv cieZ©x cvuP eQ‡i †K‡o †bq gnv‡`kwUi yB †KvwUi Dci gvby‡li cÖvY| GB gnvgvixi Ke‡j c‡o PZz© k kZvãx‡Z we‡k¦i RbmsL¨v 450 wgwjqb †_‡K 350-375 wgwjq‡b †b‡g Av‡m| Kv‡jv g„Zz i j¶Y wQj- cÖ_‡g GB †iv‡M Avµvš— bvix I cyi“l KewR ev eM‡ji †Kvb ¯’v‡b wUDgv‡ii gZ †Kvb wKQzi Aw¯—Z¡ Abyfe KiZ| ax‡i ax‡i †mwU eo nÕZ| GK ch©v‡q GwU Av‡cj ev wW‡gi AvK…wZi gZ aviY KiZ I Qwo‡q co‡Z _vKZ| Kv‡jv i‡Oi GB †dvuov AZ¨š— †e`bv`vqK nÕZ| †ivMvµvš— e¨w³ Zvi mviv kix‡i GwU †`L‡Z †cZ| GK ch©v‡q G¸‡jv c‡P †hZ Ges cyuR †ei nÕZ Ges gvÎ wZb †_‡K mvZw`‡bi g‡a¨ g„Zz nÕZ| 5. `¨ †MÖU †c−M Ae jÛb (1665 mvj) : GwUI wQj ey‡evwbK †c−M| G‡Z jÛ‡bi †gvU RbmsL¨vi 20 kZvs‡ki g„Zz nq| cÖv_wgKfv‡e †iv‡Mi Drm wnmv‡e KzKzi-weov‡ji K_v fvev n‡qwQj| †iv‡Mi AvZ‡¼ ZLb wbwe©Pv‡i kn‡ii KzKzi-weovj †g‡i †djv nq| 6. cÖ_g K‡jiv gnvgvix (1817 mvj) : K‡jiv †iv‡Mi cÖ_g gnvgvixi ïi“Uv n‡qwQj ivwkqvq| †mLv‡b G‡Z cÖvq 10 jvL gvby‡li g„Zz nq| `~wlZ cvwbi gva¨‡g GB †ivM c‡i weªwUk †mbv‡ì g‡a¨ Qovq| c‡i Zv fvi‡Z Qovq, hv‡Z 10 jv‡Li AwaK gvby‡li g„Zz n‡qwQj| weªwUk Dcwb‡ek¸‡jv‡ZI K‡jiv gnvgvix AvKv‡i Qwo‡q c‡o| †¯cb, Avwd«Kv, B‡›`v‡bwkqv, Pxb, Rvcvb, BZvjx, Rvg©vbx I Av‡gwiKvqI K‡jiv Qwo‡q c‡o gnvgvix AvKv‡i| Gme AÂ‡j cÖvq †ò jvL gvby‡li g„Zz nq| d‡j me

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wgwj‡q 22-23 jvL †jvK gviv hvq| GL‡bv cÖwZeQi K‡qK nvhvi gvbyl GB †iv‡M cÖvY nvivq| Pxb, ivwkqv I fvi‡Z K‡jivq Avµvš— n‡q G ch©š— 4 †KvwU gvby‡li g„Zz n‡q‡Q| 7. Z…Zxq †c−M gnvgvix (1855 mvj) : Pxb †_‡K Gi m~ÎcvZ n‡qwQj| c‡i Zv fviZ I nsKs‡q Qwo‡q c‡owQj| cÖvq †ò †KvwU gvbyl GB gnvgvixi wkKvi n‡qwQj| fvi‡Z GB gnvgvix me‡P‡q cÖvYNvZx iƒc wb‡qwQj| BwZnvmwe‡ìv e‡j _v‡Kb, GB gnvgvix‡K Dcj¶ wnmv‡e wb‡q fvi‡Z weªwUk kvm‡Kiv wbcxobg~jK c`‡¶c †bq Ges †mm‡ei gva¨‡g we‡`ªvn `gb K‡i| 8. ivwkqvb d¬y (1889 mvj) : d¬yi gva¨‡g m„ó cÖ_g gnvgvix wQj GwU| mvB‡ewiqv I KvRvL¯—v‡b Gi m~ÎcvZ| Zvici BD‡ivc, DËi Av‡gwiKv I Avwd«Kv AÂ‡jI Qwo‡q c‡owQj GB d¬y| 1890 mv‡ji †kl bvMv` GB †iv‡M cÖvq 3 jvL 60 nvhvi gvby‡li g„Zz nq| 9. ¯c¨vwbk d¬y (1918 mvj) : wek kZ‡K c„w_exi BwZnv‡m Ab¨Zg fqven †h gnvgvix †`Lv w`‡qwQj Zvi bvg Ô¯c¨vwbk d¬yÕ| 1918-19 mv‡j GB fvBiv‡m wek¦e¨vcx Avµv‡š—i msL¨v wQj 50 †KvwU| g„Zz eiY K‡iwQj 5 †_‡K 10 †KvwU gvbyl| Zb¥‡a¨ fviZe‡l©B gviv wM‡qwQj †ò †KvwUi †ekx gvbyl| `yB wek¦hy‡× wbnZ gvby‡li †hvMdjI Gi †P‡q Kg wQj| †ivMwU cÖ_g aiv c‡owQj Av‡gwiKvi Kvbmv‡mi GK mvgwiK y‡M©| 1918 mv‡ji 11B gvP© mKv‡j ivbœvN‡i Amy ’ n‡q c‡owQ‡jb GK ˆmb¨| wKš‘ mÜ¨v Mov‡Z bv Mov‡ZB H K¨v‡¤ci kZ kZ ˆmb¨ I Kg©KZ©v Amy ’ n‡q c‡ob| Kvbmv‡mi cÖv_wgK msµgY †K‡U wM‡qwQj Aí mg‡q| wKš‘ gvm Q‡qK ci fvBivmwU fqvbK iƒc aviY K‡i giY Kvgo emv‡Z _v‡K| GK wnmv‡e †`Lv †M‡Q, 1918-Gi †m‡Þ¤i I wW‡m¤^‡ii g‡a¨ GwU me‡P‡q gvivÍK AvKvi aviY K‡i| ïay A‡±ve‡iB 1 jvL 95 nvhvi Av‡gwiKvb g„Zz eiY K‡iwQj| Av‡gwiKvq †gvU cÖvYnvwb N‡U 6 jvL 75 nvhvi gvby‡li| A_P cÖ_g gnvhy‡×i mgq mgMÖ Av‡gwiKvq 1 jvL 16 nvhvi ˆmb¨ wbnZ n‡qwQj| Av‡gwiKvb‡ì Kv‡Q G gnvgvix wQj BwZnv‡mi me‡P‡q eo av°v| Z‡e Zv‡ì msL¨vwU hZB eo g‡b †nvK, ¯c¨vwbk d¬y me‡P‡q fqven AvµgYwU K‡iwQj fviZe‡l©| BwZnvmwe`‡ì g‡Z, 1918 mv‡ji GK gaïv‡Z †ev¤^vB (eZ©gv‡b gy¤^vB) e›`‡i G‡m †bvOi K‡i GKwU Rvnvh| †mB Rvnvh †_‡K bv‡gb cÖ_g wek¦hy× †_‡K wd‡i Avmv †mbviv| Zvici GB †ivM Qwo‡q co‡Z †ekx †`wi nqwb| evZv‡mi m‡½ Qwo‡q c‡o NbemwZc~Y© AÂ‡j Ges nvhv‡i nvhvi gvbyl gi‡Z _v‡K cÖwZw`b| eQi Mov‡ZB msL¨vwU †KvwUi Ni †cwi‡q hvq| †mmgq gvnvÍv MvÜxI GB d¬y‡Z Avµvš— n‡qwQ‡jb| Amy ’Zvi g‡a¨ Zij RvZxq Lvevi †L‡q Ges N‡i GKv GKv †_‡K w`b KvUv‡Zb| Gfv‡e †Kvqv‡i›UvBb Ges AvB‡mv‡jk‡bi ga¨ w`‡q wZwb ax‡i ax‡i my ’Zv jvf K‡ib|

¯c¨vwbk d¬y GZB fqsKi wQj †h †Kvb †Kvb Avµvš— gvbyl wPwKrmv †bqvi Av‡MB ª“Z g„Zz eiY KiZ| GgbI N‡U‡Q †h, †KD GKRb Nyg †_‡K D‡V †`Lj, Zvi R¡i G‡m‡Q| Zvici bvkZv †m‡i Awd‡m ev Wv³v‡ii Kv‡Q hvIqvi c‡_B g„Zz eiY K‡i‡Q| Amy‡Li j¶Y¸‡jv wQj G iKg- cÖ_‡g R¡i Av‡m, †mB m‡½ k¦vmKó| Aw·‡R‡bi Afv‡e gyLgÊj bxj eY© aviY K‡i, dzmdz‡m i³ R‡g hvq, bvK-gyL w`‡q i³ †ewi‡q Av‡m| wkï †_‡K e„× ch©š— †KD Gi nvZ †_‡K wb¯—vi cvqwb| A‡bK AÂ‡jB GB d¬yi Kvi‡Y ¯’vbxq wPwKrmKiv wbwðý n‡q hvq| KviY GB d¬y‡Z Avµvš— †ivMx‡ì m‡½ ZvivB cÖ_g †hvMv‡hvM ’vcb Ki‡Zb| d‡j ZvivI AeavwiZfv‡e G gnvgvixi Ke‡j coZ| GgbI †`Lv †M‡Q, †Kvb kn‡i ¯c¨vwbk d¬y gvivÍK AvKvi aviY Ki‡jI †mLv‡b †Kvb wPwKrmK Lyu‡R cvIqv †hZ bv| cÖvYnvwbi msL¨vq fvi‡Zi ci wQj Px‡bi Ae ’vb| †m mg‡q Px‡b 40-90 jvL gvby‡li g„Zz N‡UwQj| Biv‡b 10-24 jvL, B‡›`v‡bwkqv Øxccy‡Ä 15 jvL, Rvcv‡b 4 jvL, eªvwR‡j 3 jvL, weª‡U‡b AvovB jvL I d«v‡Ý 4 jvL gvby‡li g„Zz nq| G¸‡jv eo eo wnmve| Gi evB‡i Gwkqv-Avwd«Kv cÖkvš— gnvmvMixq AÂ‡ji †`k¸‡jv‡Z Avµvš— n‡qwQj jvL jvL gvbyl| Avwd«Kvi †ek wKQz DcRvwZ m¤c~Y©iƒ‡c wejxb n‡q wM‡qwQj| wKQz wKQz kn‡ii RbmsL¨v 90 kZvsk ch©š— n«vm †c‡qwQj| GQvov c„w_exi me¸‡jv gnv‡`‡kB GB fvBivm Qwo‡q c‡owQj| Z‡e eªvwR‡ji wew”Qbœ Øxc gviv‡Rv‡Z ïay GB fvBivm msµg‡Yi †Kvb †iKW© cvIqv hvqwb| 10. Gwkqvb d¬y (1957 mvj) : nsKs †_‡K GB †ivM Px‡b Qwo‡q c‡o| c‡i Zv Qq gv‡mi g‡a¨ hy³ivóª n‡q hy³iv‡R¨ e¨vcKfv‡e we¯—vi jvf K‡i| G‡Z cÖvq 14 nvhvi gvby‡li g„Zz n‡q| 1958 mv‡ji ïi“i w`‡K Gwkqvb d¬y wØZxqev‡ii g‡Zv gnvgvix AvKv‡i Qwo‡q c‡o| H mgq Gwkqvb d¬y‡Z wek¦e¨vcx cÖvq 11 jvL gvby‡li g„Zz nq| ïay hy³iv‡óªB gviv wM‡qwQj 1 jvL 16 nvhvi gvbyl| c‡i f¨vKwmb w`‡q H gnvgvix cÖwZ‡iva Kiv m¤¢e n‡qwQj| Dc‡iv³ weei‡Y eySv hvq †h, c„w_ex‡Z hy‡M hy‡M eû gnvgvixi NUbv N‡U‡Q Ges Gme gnvgvix‡Z g„Zz eiY K‡i‡Q †KvwU †KvwU gvbyl| Pjgvb K‡ivbv fvBivm c~e©eZ©x gnvgvix¸‡jvi †P‡q e¨vcKZv jvf Ki‡e wK-bv Zv fwel¨ZB e‡j †`‡e| Z‡e wek¦ ¯v¯’ ms ’vi aviYv Abyhvqx AwaKvsk †`‡k GLbI G gnvgvixi cÖv_wgK ch©v‡q i‡q‡Q| Z_¨m~Î : 1. www.history.com, www.wikipedia.com

2. Disease: The Story of Disease and Mankind's Continuing Struggle Against It, Mary Dobson, 2007.

3. Encyclopedia of pestilence, pandemics, and plagues, Joseph P. Byrne, 2008.

4. The evolution of pandemic influenza: Evidence from India, 1918-19, Siddharth Chandra and Eva Kassens-Noor, 2014.

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iƒn Keh I g„Zz¨Kv‡j gymwjg I Kvwd‡ii Ae¯’v

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hgx‡b me©wb‡æ wm¾x‡b wjL| AZtci Zvi iƒn m‡Rv‡i wb‡¶c Kiv n‡e| AZtci wZwb †ZjvIqvZ K‡ib, �/�0��

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m¤§vwbZ Øxbx fvB! Avmmvjv-gy AvjvqKzg Iqv ingvZzj−v-wn Iqv evivKv-Zzû| ÔAvn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjb evsjv‡`kÕ-Gi †K› ªxq wk¶v cÖwZôvb Avj-gviKvhyj Bmjvgx Avm-mvjvdx bI`vcvov ivRkvnx‡Z Aew ’Z Ô`vi“jnv`xQ wek¦we`¨vjq (cÖvt) Rv‡g gmwR‡`Õ gyQj−x‡ì ’vb msKzjvb bv nIqvq gmwR`wU m¤cÖmviY Kiv hiƒix n‡q c‡o‡Q| G j‡¶¨ eûZj wewkó gmwR` Kg‡c−· wbg©v‡Yi cÖKí nv‡Z †bIqv n‡q‡Q| G‡Z wecyj cwigvY A‡_©i cÖ‡qvRb| GB LiP wbe©v‡ni Rb¨ `vbkxj gywgb fvB-†evb‡ì cÖwZ mvnv‡hï Av‡e`b Rvbv‡bv n‡”Q| Qv`vK¡v‡q Rvwiqvi GB Abb¨ †¶‡Î `vb K‡i ciKvjxb bvRv‡Zi c_ myMg Ki“b| Avj−vn Avgv‡ì mKj‡K DËg cyi¯‹vi `vb Ki“b-Avgxb!!

A_© †cÖi‡Yi wnmve b¤i BmjvwgK Kg‡c−· gmwR` dvÛ, wnmve bs 0071220000582

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gnvgvix †_‡K AvZ¥i¶vq we`ÔAvZx Avg‡ji cwiYwZ

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msKj‡b : gynv¤§v` Avãyi inxg, bI`vcvov, ivRkvnx|

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Agi evYx 1. gynv¤§v` Beby Avex ÔAvgxiv (ivt) e‡jb, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) e‡j‡Qb, #��? .�� @�� /�0 �8� �A�� #��B �2�� C��D�B :�� 8�5�� E�� .�@��,"�� F��G �H�2:I�>�� .�4� ��B��J '�( �C0�2�K �L�� "��:M�� 2�A�6"�� /�0 �E��E�N�� ,�O ��,�5P�� #��? �E�Q. Ôhw` †Kvb ev›`v f~wgô nIqvi w`b †_‡K AwZe„× eq‡m g„Zy Aewa GKvš—fv‡e Avj−vn&i Bev`‡Z wmR`vq c‡o _v‡K, ZeyI wKqvg‡Zi w`b †m GUv‡K bMY¨ g‡b Ki‡e| ZLb †m Kvgbv Ki‡e, hw` Zv‡K ywbqvq cybivq †dir cvVv‡bv nÕZ, Zvn‡j Av‡iv †ekx cÖwZ`vb I QIqve jvf Kiv †hZÕ|2

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msKj‡b : Avãyj−vn Avj-gvÔiƒd wk¶v_x©, Aviex wefvM, XvKv wek¦we`¨vjq|

6. Rv‡gÔDj ÔDj~g Iqvj wnKvg 1/251| 7. wQdvZzQ QvdIqv 1/497| 8. BnBqvD ÔDj~wgÏxb 2/91| 9. evni“` yg~Ô, c„. 146| 10. wnjqvZzj AvIwjqv 3/222| 11. `xIqv‡b Avjx (ivt), c„. 148|

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K‡ivbv fvBivm †_‡K euvP‡Z †`‡ni †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv evov‡eb †hfv‡e

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30 wgwjwgUv‡ii g‡Zv ¸j‡Âi im wb‡q †ivR mKv‡j Nyg †_‡K D‡V Lvwj †c‡U LvIqv DwPZ| †gw_, Kzgovi exR : †gw_, Kzgovi exR LvIqvI Lye DcKvix| G¸‡jvi g‡a¨ cÖPzi cwigv‡Y A¨vw›U-Aw·W¨v›U Ges I‡gMv-3 d¨vwU A¨vwmW _v‡K| yÕwUB Avgv‡ì cÖwZ‡iva¶gZv evwo‡q †Zv‡j| Avgv‡ì cÖ vn Kgvq| cÖ vn †VKv‡bvi Rb¨ †`‡n †h eë ’v i‡q‡Q, Zv‡K mwµq K‡i †Zv‡j| Kzgovi ex‡R i‡q‡Q cÖPzi cwigv‡Y wR¼ (`¯—v), †jvnv Ges wfUvwgb-B| Kzgovi exR Avgv‡ì cÖwZ‡iva¶gZv evovq| Kzgovi exR †hgb fvBivm webvkx, †ZgbB Zv QÎvKRwbZ wewfbœ †ivMI i“L‡Z cv‡i| Zv †Kv‡li e„w×‡ZI mnvqK| GgbwK hviv Awb`ªvRwbZ Amy‡L †fv‡Mb, Zvu‡ì c‡¶I Kzgovi exR Lye DcKvix| m~h©gyLx exR : bvbv ai‡bi cywó¸‡Y mg„× m~h©gyLx ex‡R cÖPzi cwigv‡Y _v‡K wfUvwgb-B, A¨vw›U-Aw·W¨v›UI| GB ex‡R _v‡K †m‡jwbqvg, hv K‡qK ai‡bi K¨vÝvi cÖwZ‡iv‡a mnvqK| evovq †`‡ni †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZvI| Z¡K fvj ivL‡ZI mvnvh¨ K‡i m~h©gyLx exR| njy : njy †`‡ni cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv A‡bKUvB evwo‡q †Zv‡j| GwUi Dcv`vb i‡³i †k¦Z KwYKvi msL¨vI evovq| hv e¨vK‡Uwiqv I fvBivm gvi‡Z D‡j−L‡hvM¨ f‚wgKv iv‡L| `vi“wPwb : eû w`b a‡i Lvev‡i `vi“wPwb eënv‡ii Pj i‡q‡Q, Gi bvbv ai‡bi ¸‡Yi Rb¨| cÖ vn i“L‡ZI Gi eo f‚wgKv i‡q‡Q| GUv i“L‡Z cv‡i bvbv ai‡bi msµgY| bó †Kvl¸wj‡K cybi“¾xweZ K‡i Zzj‡ZI Gi f‚wgKv i‡q‡Q| eªKwj : Lye mn‡RB GB mewRwU cvIqv hvq| G‡Z cÖPzi cwigv‡Y wfUvwgb G, wm Ges †K Av‡Q| GB wZbwU wfUvwgbB †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv evovq| ZvQvovI G‡Z i‡q‡Q fv‡jv cwigv‡Y cUvwkqvg Ges dwjK GwmW| GwU GKUz Ava KvuPv A_ev KvuPv LvIqv fv‡jv| mvBUªvm dj : VvÊv ev nvuwPi mgm¨v nÕ‡j A‡b‡KB UK dj †L‡Z e‡j| Gi KviY nÕj- UK RvZxq dj¸‡jv‡Z wfUvwgb wm Gi cÖvPzh© †ekx _v‡K, hv †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv evovq| wfUvwgb wm †k¦Z i³ KwYKvi Drcv`b e„w× K‡i, hv Bb‡dKkb †_‡K †`n‡K i¶v Ki‡Z cv‡i| Av•¸i, †jey, AvgjKx, Kgjv GB RvZxq dj| jvj †e¤ gwiP G cÖvq wØ¸Y cwigvY wfUvwgb wm Av‡Q| mv‡_ i‡q‡Q weUv K¨‡ivwUb, hv †ivM cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv e„w×i cvkvcvwk †PvL Ges Pvgovi DcKv‡i Av‡m| GQvov wbqwgZ e¨vqv‡gi gva¨‡g kix‡ii †ivM-cÖwZ‡iva ¶gZv evov‡bv hvq| ZvB cÖwZw`b wKQz mgq nuvUvnuvwU mn wewfbœ e¨vqv‡g Af¨¯— nIqv hiƒix| G‡Z gvbwmK ¯^v¯’ DbœZ ivLv m¤¢e nq|

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\ msKwjZ \

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KweZv

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†mvbvgwY‡ì cvZv MZ msL vi mvaviY Ávb (ivgvhvb welqK)-Gi mwVK DËi

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PjwZ msL vi mvaviY Ávb (KziAvb welqK) 1. KziAv‡bi me©cÖ_g Av‡`k wK?2. KziAv‡b gvbyl‡K Avj−vn ZvÔAvjvi cÖ_g Av‡`k wK?3. KziAv‡b gvbyl‡K Avj−vn ZvÔAvjvi cÖ_g wb‡la wK?

4. †Kvb m~iv 3 evi cvV Ki‡j GKevi KziAvb LZg KiviQIqve nq?

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GwcÖj †mvgevi mKv‡j fvi‡Zi †Z‡j½vbv cÖ‡`k †_‡K AÜª cÖ‡`‡ki D‡Ï‡k¨ hvÎv ïi“ K‡ib| †Q‡j‡K wb‡q evmvq †d‡ib 8 GwcÖj eyaevi mÜ¨vq| mvnmx GB bvix‡K ¯‹zwU (†gvUi mvB‡Kj) Pvjv‡Z nq 23 †_‡K 24 NÈv| G wnmv‡e NÈvq Zvu‡K cvwo w`‡Z n‡q‡Q 60 wK‡jvwgUv‡ii g‡Zv| ivwhqv †eM‡gi 19 eQi eqmx †Q‡j wbhvgyÏxb jKWvD‡b c‡o AvU‡K wM‡qwQ‡jb †mLv‡b| mewKQz eÜ _vKvq †Kvbfv‡eB wdi‡Z cviwQ‡jb bv| Gw`‡K Zvi gv Zv‡K wb‡Ri Kv‡Q wdwi‡q Avb‡Z †`Šo-Svuc ïi“ Ki‡jb| wKš‘ †Kvbfv‡eB †Kvb Dcvq bv †c‡q wZwb wm×vš— wb‡jb †h wZwb ¯‹zwU wb‡q wb‡RB hv‡eb Ges †Q‡j‡K wb‡q evwo wdi‡eb| wZwb mnKvix cywjk Kwgkbv‡ii AbygwZ cÎ mv‡_ wb‡q iIqvbv nb| wd‡i G‡j D³ Kwgkbvi Zvi evox‡Z wM‡q Zuv‡K m¨vjyU †`b| wZwb e‡jb, `~iZ¡Uv wQj Avm‡jB †ekx| ZvB GB hvÎvi K_v Avwg †Q‡j‡KI RvbvBwb| GgbwK Avgvi fvB-†evb‡ìI bv| †¯c‡bi ci Rvg©vbx I †b`vij¨vÛ‡mi gmwR‡`

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†n Avj−vn! Avgv‡ì Ges gymwjg D¤§vn‡K me ai‡bi gnvgvix I `yiv‡ivM¨ e¨vwa †_‡K †ndvhZ Ki“b| †n Avj−vn! gyQxeZ w`b w`b KwVb †_‡K KwVb n‡”Q| Pviw`K AÜKvi n‡q Avm‡Q| Avcwb Qvov Avgv‡ì dwiqv` †kvbvi Avi †KD †bB| †n Avj−vn! Avgv‡ì G Ae¯’vi Ici `qv Ki“b| Avgv‡ì A¶gZv¸‡jv `~i K‡i Avgv‡ì ¶gv Ki“b| Av‡iK evZ©vq wZwb †j‡Lb- ÔAvcwb _vK‡Z Kvi Kv‡Q Awf‡hvM Kie †n Avj−vn! Kvi Kv‡Q nvZ cvZ‡ev †n Avj−vn! Avcwb †Zv GKgvÎ gvÔe~ | †n Avj−vn! Avgv‡ì‡K †mme †jvK‡ì Aš—f©z³ Ki“b, hviv †bÔgZ †c‡j †kvKi K‡i| wec‡` Qei K‡i| †Mvbvn n‡j ZIev K‡i| cwi‡k‡l mevi Rb¨ mvnm †RvMv‡Z Avk¦ — K‡i wZwb †j‡Lb- wec` hZ eo †nvK, Zv wPiw`‡bi bq| eis wec` hZ eo †nvK bv †Kb, Avj−vn&i ingZ Zvi †P‡q A‡bK eo| Avj−vn&i B”Qvq, Avgv‡ì gyw³ AwZ wbKUeZ©x| myZivs nZvk n‡eb bv| A‰ah© n‡eb bv| Aw ’iZv cÖKvk Ki‡eb bv| Avj−vn‡K ¯§iY Ki‡Z _vKzb| Avj−vn&i Ici fimv ivLyb| Avj−vn&i wm×v‡š—i Ici wb‡Ri mewKQz mgc©Y Ki“b| Ab¨‡KI Avj−vn&i Ici fimv Ki‡Z wbwðš— Ki“b- Avgxb! AwZ¶z ª K‡ivbv fvBiv‡mi wekvj kw³ †`‡L Bmjvg

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myax mgv‡ek : ˆmKZ cwi`k©b †k‡l mevB †nv‡Uj mx B‡bi jwe‡Z GKwÎZ nb| AZtci GKUvbv ivZ 10-Uv ch©š— P‡j myax mgv‡ek| G mgq mdim½x‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ ¸i“Z¡c~Y© e³e¨ †ck K‡ib gynZvivg Avgxi RvgvÔAvZ| Ab¨v‡bï g‡a¨ e³e¨ iv‡Lb gvIjvbv gvIjvbv Avgvbyj−vn web BmgvCj I gvIjvbv Rvnv½xi Avjg cÖgyL| Abyôvb cwiPvjbv K‡ib PÆMÖvg †hjv ÔAv‡›`vjbÕ-Gi mfvcwZ †kL mvÔ`x| wiRvf© dvÊ MVb : Gmgq gynZvivg Avgx‡i RvgvÔAvZ †K‡›`ª GKwU ÔwiRvf© dvÊÕ MV‡bi cwiKíbv e¨³ K‡ib| †h dvÊ nÕ‡Z AvcrKvjxb mg‡q e¨q Kiv n‡e| wZwb cª‡Z¨K‡K b~ bZg 5000/- (cuvP nvhvi UvKv) cÖ v‡bi AvnŸvb Rvbvb| bM` m¤¢e bv nÕ‡j evKx‡Z bvg †jLv‡Z ejv nq, hv Avmbœ ivgvhvb gv‡m cwi‡kva Ki‡Z n‡e| D³ AvnŸv‡b mvov w`‡q Zvr¶wYKfv‡e 75 Rb Ges ciw`b †divi c‡_ Rvnv‡h 32 Rb †gvU 107 Rb D³ dv‡Ê A‡bK bM` †`b I A‡b‡K Zv‡ì bvg ZvwjKvfz³ K‡ib| Avgx‡i RvgvÔAvZ mevi Rb¨ Kj¨v‡Yi †`vÔAv K‡ib| `vIqvZx KvR Ges evav : g‡nkLvjxi b¨vq †m›UgvwU©b Øx‡cI `vIqvZx Kv‡Ri Ask wnmv‡e e¨vcKfv‡e eBcÎ I wjd‡jU weZiY Kiv nq| ev` gvMwie 9wU gmwR‡` GK‡hv‡M QvjvZzi ivm~j (Qvt) eB Ges †`vKvbcv‡U eB, AvZ-ZvnixK I wjd‡jU weZiY Kiv nq| d‡j GLv‡bI g‡nkLvjxi b¨vq †bwZevPK cÖwZwµqv m„wó nq| hvi †cÖw¶‡Z ivZ `kUvq †nv‡Uj mx B‡b G‡m nvwhi nb `zÕRb Bgvg| mv‡_ †Mv‡q›`v ms ’vi GKRb `vwqZ¡kxj I ’vbxq ivR‰bwZK msMV‡bi 2/3 Rb †bZv| Zviv e‡jb, ÔAvgiv hv wb‡q AvwQ Zv‡Z kvwš—‡Z AvwQ| Gi g‡a¨ weåvwš— Qov‡eb bvÕ| Gmgq Ôhyems‡NÕi †K›`ªxq mfvcwZ W. Avngv` Avãyj−vn QvwKe, K·evRvi †hjv ÔAv‡›`vjbÕ-Gi mfvcwZ G¨vW‡fv‡KU kdxDj Bmjvg I mvaviY m¤cv`K gyRxei ingvb cÖgyL Zv‡ì‡K `vIqv‡Zi D‡Ïk¨ m¤c‡K© ¯úó aviYv †`b| d‡j †Kvbiƒc AcÖxwZKi NUbv QvovB welqwUi mgvwß N‡U| D‡j−L¨ †h, GK mßvn c~‡e© Avj-gviKvhyj Bmjvgx Avm-mvjvdx bI`vcvov gv`ªvmvi evwl©K wk¶vmdi Dcj‡¶¨ gv`ªvmvi wk¶K dvqQvj gvng~‡ì †bZ…‡Z¡ wk¶v_©x‡ì 45 R‡bi GKwU `j 5 I 6B gvP© †m›U gvwU©b mdi K‡i| AZtci 6B gvP© ïµevi wZwb †nv‡Uj msjMœ ÔAveyeKi Rv‡g gmwR‡`Õ Bgvg I gyIqvhwh‡bi Aby‡iv‡a RygÔAvi Lyrev †`b| Zviv Øx‡c I Rvnv‡h eB I cÖPvicÎ mg~n weZiY K‡ib| c‡ii mßv‡n ÔAv‡›`vjbÕ-Gi eZ©gvb mdi nq| cici yÕwU md‡i I cÖPv‡i GjvKvq e¨vcK mvov c‡o hvq| ÔAv‡›`vjbÕ-Gi cÖPvi Ux‡gi cÖavb Aa¨vcK gyexbyj Bmjvg e‡jb, Avgiv †mLvbKvi †K›`ªxq Rv‡g gmwR‡` QvjvZ cwo I e¨vcKfv‡e cÖPvicÎ weZiY Kwi| AZtci gmwR‡ì wecix‡Z Aew¯’Z Bmjvwgqv ingvwbqv gvìvmvq hvB Ges wk¶K‡ì AvMÖ‡n cÖ_‡g 15 Kwc QvjvZzi ivm~j (Qvt) cÖ vb Kwi| c‡i Zviv m¨v‡ii bvg ï‡b `vi“Y AvMÖn †`Lvb Ges m¨vi‡K `vIqvZ w`‡q G‡b QvÎ I wk¶K‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ fvlY †Ìqvi `vex Rvbvb| wKš‘ Ab¨ †cÖvMÖvg _vKvq m¨vi‡K †bIqv m¤¢e bv nIqvq Zviv cybivq Avgv‡ì `vIqvZ †`b Ges QvjvZzi ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi evKx me Kwc A_©vr 48 Kwc †P‡q †bb| Gfv‡e †gvU 53 Kwc QvjvZzi ivm~j (Qvt) mn AvZ-ZvnixK I cÖPvicÎ mg~n Zviv AvMÖnf‡i MÖnY K‡ib|

3q w`b : 14B gvP© kwbevi †Quov Øx‡ci D‡Ï‡k¨ hvÎv : ciw`b ev` dRi 1wU ¯cxW †evU I 6wU BwÄb PvwjZ eo Uªjvi †hv‡M †Quov Øx‡ci D‡Ï‡k¨ hvÎv ïi“ nq| wKš‘ mKv‡j fvUvi Kvi‡Y †Quov Øx‡c aviv‡jv cÖevj cÖvPx‡ii Mv‡q Uªjvi wfo‡Z cv‡iwb| d‡j Uªjvi †_‡KB Øxc †`L‡Z †`L‡Z wd‡i Avmv nq| AZtci †nv‡U‡j G‡m mKv‡ji bvkZv MÖnY K‡i ycyi ch©š— mdiKvixiv Øx‡ci wewfbœ ’vb cwi`k©b K‡ib| A‡b‡K †nu‡U †nu‡U mKv‡ji exP I mvM‡ii †mŠ›`h© †`‡L Z…wßjvf K‡ib| Gi g‡a¨ `yÕwZbRb fvov †nvÊvq I mvB‡K‡j K‡i †Quov Øx‡cI hvb| `yÕRb Av‡j‡gi mv¶vr : †Quov Øxc †_‡K wd‡i ¯úxW‡evU †_‡K bvgvi mv‡_ mv‡_ yÕRb Av‡jg G‡m Avgx‡i RvgvÔAvZ‡K ¯vMZ Rvbvb| Zviv K·evRv‡i †ivwn½v‡ì KzZzcvjs wkwe‡i GKwU gv`ªvmvi cwiPvjK I wk¶K| GKRb kvqLyj eyLvix| whwb Aviex Qvov e‡jb bv| Av‡iKRb mvaviY wk¶K, whwb D`©~ Qvov ey‡Sb bv| Avgx‡i RvgvÔAvZ Zv‡ì‡K mv‡_ wb‡q †nv‡U‡j bvkZv Kivb| †kl w`‡K wZwb nvm‡Z nvm‡Z cwiPvjK‡K Aviex‡Z e‡jb, Avcwb‡Zv kvqLyj eyLvix! †Zv QvjvZ c‡ob wK eyLvixi ZixKvq, bv †n`vqvi ZixKvq? ZLb †ePvivi †Pnviv d¨vKv‡k n‡q hvq I IhiLvnx K‡ib| K·evRv‡ii D‡Ï‡k¨ wdiwZ hvÎv : †ejv 11-Uvi g‡a¨ mdiKvixMY †nv‡U‡ji jwe‡Z GKwÎZ nb| AZtci †hvni I AvQi QvjvZ Av`vq K‡i †nv‡Uj BD‡iv evsjvq `ycy‡ii Lvevi †L‡q mevB Rvnv‡h Av‡ivnY K‡ib| AZtci weKvj 4-Uvq Rvnvh K·evRv‡ii D‡Ï‡k¨ hvÎv ïi“ K‡i| gvMwi‡ei c~e© gyn~‡Z© mvMie‡¶ m~h©v‡¯—i „k¨ mKj‡K wegy» K‡i| Gmgq Rvnv‡hi †WK Avj-†nivi RvMiYx‡Z gyLwiZ K‡i †Zv‡jb Kg©xiv| KzBR cÖwZ‡hvwMZv : ev` gvMwie †Kwe‡b KzBR cÖwZ‡hvwMZv AbywôZ nq| †K‡›`ªi c¶ †_‡K msMVb I mdi mswk−ó 33wU cÖkœ msewjZ wjwLZ KzBR weZiY Kiv nq| DËi †Ìqvi Rb¨ mgq †eu‡a †Ìqv nq 1N›Uv| G‡Z 1g ’vb AwaKvi K‡ib †hŠ_fv‡e Lyjbv †hjv ÔAv‡›`vjbÕ-Gi mvaviY m¤úv`K gyhhvw¤§j nK I bxjdvgvix-cwðg †hjv ÔAv‡›`vjbÕ-Gi mfvcwZ nvKxg gy —vdxhyi ingvb| 2q I 3q ¯’vb AwaKvi K‡ib h_vµ‡g Ô†mvbvgwYÕ †g‡nicyi †hjvi mn-cwiPvjK gynv¤§v` Zvbfxi“hhvgvb I MvBevÜv-cwðg †hjv ÔAv‡›`vjbÕ-Gi mfvcwZ Wv. AvIbyj gvÔe~ | BwZg‡a¨ Rvnvh K·evRv‡ii wbK‡U †cŠ‡Q hvq| AZtci gynZvivg Avgx‡i RvgvÔAvZ wZbw`b e¨vcx wk¶vmd‡ii mv_x‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ msw¶ß we`vqx fvlY †ck K‡ib| G mg‡q wZwb myôzfv‡e mdi m¤cbœ nIqvq gnvb Avj−vn&i ïKwiqv Av`vq K‡ib Ges mK‡ji my v‡ ’i I my ’fv‡e ¯^ ¯^ Mš—‡e¨ †cuŠQvi Rb¨ †`vÔAv K‡i wk¶v md‡ii AvbyôvwbK mgvwß †NvlYv K‡ib| wk¶Yxq NUbv : AwaKvsk mdiKvixi K·evRvi †_‡K XvKvi wewfbœ cwien‡b AwMÖg wU‡KU KvUv wQj| †mKviY Zv‡ì Kvgbv wQj hv‡Z Rvnvh ivZ mv‡o 10-Uvi g‡a¨ K·evRvi †cŠu‡Q| †Kbbv Av‡Mi w`b Rvnvh †cŠu‡QwQj ivZ 1-Uvq| K¨v‡Þb Qv‡ne‡K welqwU Rvbv‡bv n‡j wZwb mva¨gZ †Póv Ki‡eb e‡j Rvbvb Ges e‡jb mvM‡ii †mªvZ I evZv‡mi MwZ wecixZ bv n‡j GUv n‡e BbkvAvj−vn| gvMwi‡ei ci K¨v‡Þb Qv‡ne Avgx‡i RvgvÔAvZ‡K †bwf‡Mkb eªx‡R Zvi wbR¯^ wekªvg

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K‡¶ wb‡q hvb Ges hvwš¿K wgUvi †`wL‡q e‡jb, m¨vi! †`‡Lb AvR‡K evZv‡mi MwZ Avgv‡ì wecix‡Z| A_P Pj‡Q Ab¨w`‡bi Zzjbvq `ª“Z‡e‡M| Avgv‡ì `xN© AwfÁZvq Gi †Kvb Reve †bB| Avgx‡i RvgvÔAvZ Zv‡K mvš—¡bv w`‡q e‡jb GZ¸‡jv Øxb`vi gywg‡bi †`vÔAv Avj−vn Keyj K‡i‡Qb| GRb¨ Avj−vn&i ïKwiqv Av`vq Ki“b! K·evRv‡i AeZiY : ivZ mv‡o 10-Uvq Rvnvh mivmwi K·evRvi weAvBWwe−DG Nv‡U †cuŠ‡Q hvq| AZtci hv‡ì wU‡KU Kiv wQj Zviv ¯^ ¯^ †KvP †hv‡M ¯^ ¯^ Mš—‡eï D‡Ïk¨ iIqvbv nb| A‡b‡K †nv‡U‡j ivwÎ hvcb K‡i ciw`b mKv‡j evm I wegvb †hvM K·evRvi Z¨vM K‡ib| Gfv‡eB wk¶vmdi 2020 Gi cwimgvwß N‡U| dvwjj−vwnj nvg&`| D‡j−L¨ †h, g‡nkLvjx I †m›UgvwU©b Øxc QvovI Rvnv‡h Avmv-hvIqvi c‡_ hvÎx‡ì g‡a¨ Ges Kgjvcyi †ij †÷k‡b I XvKv †_‡K PÆMÖvg hvIqvi c‡_ ÔgnvbMi cÖfvZxÕ †Uª‡b, AZtci †divi c‡_ XvKv †_‡K ivRkvnxi ÔebjZv G·‡cÖmÕ †Uª‡b AvZ-ZvnixK, eB I wjd‡jU mg~n weZiY Kiv nq| G mg‡q †ij †÷k‡b Ges wewfbœ gmwR‡` Ônv`xQ dvD‡ÊkbÕ cÖKvwkZ ÔcwVZe¨ †`vÔAv mg~nÕ I ÔRxe‡bi mdim~PxÕi †ÌqvjcÎ mg~n Uvw½‡q †Ìqv nq| A‡b‡K Zv †P‡qI †bb| cwiPvjKe„›` : wZbw`b e¨vcx GB wk¶v md‡ii mvwe©K eë ’vcbvq wQ‡jb ÔAv‡›`vjbÕ-Gi †K›`ªxq cÖPvi m¤cv`K W. gynv¤§v` mvLvIqvZ †nvmvBb, K·evRvi †hjv ÔAv‡›`vjbÕ-Gi mvaviY m¤cv`K gynv¤§v` gyRxei ingvb, XvKv †hjv ÔAv‡›`vjbÕ-Gi Dc‡`óv Zvmjxg miKvi I ivRkvnx-mì †hjv ÔAv‡›`vjbÕ-Gi Dc‡`óv Aa¨vcK gyexbyj Bmjvg|

myax mgv‡ek : PÆMÖvg Awn wfwËK mgvR cÖwZôvq GwM‡q Avmyb!

PÆMÖvg 11B gvP© eyaevi : A`¨ ev` AvQi ÔAvn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjb evsjv‡`kÕ PÆMÖvg †hjvi D‡`¨v‡M bMixi wRBwm †gv‡o evsjv‡`k †gwW‡Kj G‡mvwm‡qkb (weGgG) wgjbvqZ‡b AbywôZ myax mgv‡e‡k cÖ Ë cÖavb AwZw_i fvl‡Y gynZvivg Avgx‡i RvgvÔAvZ cÖ‡dmi W. gynv¤§v` Avmv`yj−vn Avj-Mvwje Dc‡iv³ AvnŸvb Rvbvb| ÔAv‡›`vjbÕ-Gi D‡`¨v‡M wZb w`be¨vcx †K›`ªxq wk¶v mdi Dcj‡¶ K·evRvi hvIqvi c‡_ ivRkvnx nÕ‡Z wegvb †hv‡M PÆMÖvg †cuŠ‡Q wZwb ev` gvMwie myax mgv‡e‡k †hvM`vb K‡ib| wZwb Zuvi e³‡e¨ m~iv AvbÔAv‡gi 48-50 AvqvZ cvV K‡i e‡jb, bex-ivm~jMY c„w_ex‡Z AvMgb K‡iwQ‡jb gvbyl‡K Rvbœv‡Zi c_ †`Lv‡Z I Rvnvbœv‡gi c_ †_‡K mZK© Ki‡Z| wZwb e‡jb, cÖK…Z ÁvbxivB Avj−vn‡K fq K‡ib| gvby‡li Ávb mmxg wKš‘ Avj−vn&i Ávb Amxg| Amxg Áv‡bi gvwjK Avj−vn mvgvb¨ wKQz Ávb w`‡q gvbyl‡K `ywbqvq cvwV‡q‡Qb| mmxg Ávb KL‡bv Amxg Ávb‡K evwZj Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| eis Zv Amxg Áv‡bi e¨vL¨vKvix nÕ‡Z cv‡i| ZvB Avgv‡ì‡K Ávb wfwËK mgvR cÖwZôvi e`‡j Anx wfwËK mgvR cÖwZôvq GwM‡q Avm‡Z n‡e| wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, Bmjvg c~Y©v½ Rxeb weavb| Bmjv‡gi g~j w_g nÕj ZvInx`, wimvjvZ I AvwLivZ| wkiKwegy³ wb‡f©Rvj ZvInx‡` wek^vm, we`ÔAvZgy³ weï× mybœvZ I cÖK…Z BLjvQ e¨ZxZ †Kvb mrKg© Avj−vn&i wbKU Keyj nq bv| mrKg© hw` KziAvb I nv`x‡Qi wecixZ nq, Z‡e Zv Avj−vn&i wbKU M„nxZ n‡e bv| bex-ivm~jMY Awn-i weavb cÖPvi I cÖwZôvq c„w_ex‡Z

AvMgb K‡iwQ‡jb| Zuviv Mv‡q‡ei Lei Rvb‡Zb bv| A_P cxi-dKxiiv wKfv‡e Rvb‡Z cv‡ib? GRb¨B Avj−vn Zuvi †kl bex‡K wb‡`©k w`‡q e‡jb, ÔZzwg e‡j `vI, Avwg †Zvgv‡ì GK_v ewj bv †h, Avgvi Kv‡Q Avj−vn&i abfvÊvi Av‡Q| Avi Avwg A`„‡kï Lei ivwL bv Ges GK_vI ewj bv †h, Avwg †d‡ikZv| Avwg †Kej Awn-i AbymiY Kwi hv Avgvi Kv‡Q bvwhj Kiv nqÕ (AvbÔAvg 6/50)| eZ©gv‡bi fqven K‡ivbv fvBivm m¤ú‡K© wZwb e‡jb, K‡ivbv fvBiv‡mi m„wóKZ©v Avj−vn| ZvB G‡_‡K euvP‡Z Avj−vn&i c‡_ wd‡i Avm‡Z n‡e| wZwb e‡jb, G‡`‡k ivRbxwZi bv‡g †hgb Pj‡Q †auvKvevRx †Zgwb a‡g©i bv‡g Pj‡Q Av‡iv †ekx †auvKvevRx| ev‡qhx` †ev —vgx KL‡bv evsjv‡`‡k Av‡mbwb| wZwb Biv‡bi †jvK| A_P PÆMÖv‡g Zuvi bv‡g Pj‡Q gvhvi c~Rv| Avie ewYK‡ì gva¨‡g cÖ_g Bmjv‡gi `vIqvZ PÆMÖvg e›ì n‡q evsjv‡`‡k G‡mwQj| A_P Q~dx-cxi-dKxi‡ì gva¨‡g G‡`‡k Bmjvg G‡mwQj e‡j wg_¨v cÖPvi Kiv nq| g„Z e¨w³iv Ke‡i †_‡K A‡bï †Kvb DcKvi ev ¶wZ Ki‡Z cv‡i bv| A_P †mB †auvKv w`‡q gvbyl‡K †evKv evbv‡bv n‡”Q| Avgiv Avkv Kwi cÖK…Z Bmjv‡gi `vIqvZ gvby‡li Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡Q †M‡j G‡`‡k Kei _vK‡e, wKš‘ Kei c~Rvix †KD _vK‡e bv BbkvAvj−vn| ÔAvn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjb evsjv‡`kÕ I Zvi A½ msMVb mg~n †m KvRB K‡i hv‡”Q| AZGe wd‡i Avmyb Avgv‡ì g~j †k−vMv‡bi w`‡K| Avmyb! cweÎ KziAvb I Qnxn nv`x‡Qi Av‡jv‡K Rxeb Mwo| PÆMÖvg †hjv ÔAv‡›`vjbÕ-Gi mfvcwZ †kL mvÔ`xi mfvcwZ‡Z¡ AbywôZ D³ myax mgv‡e‡k †K›`ªxq †gngvb wnmv‡e Av‡iv e³e¨ iv‡Lb ÔAv‡›`vjbÕ-Gi †K› ªxq mvwnZ¨ I ms¯‹…wZ welqK m¤cv`K Aa¨vcK gvIjvbv `yii“j û`v I `dZi m¤cv`K W. gynv¤§v` Kvexi“j Bmjvg| hviv mKv‡jB †cŠu‡Q Ab¨vb¨ mv_x‡ì m‡½ DËi c‡Z½v¯’ ÔAv‡›`vjbÕ cwiPvwjZ evqZzi ingvb Avn‡jnv`xQ Rv‡g gmwR‡` Ae¯’vb KiwQ‡jb| A‡bïv PÆMÖvg kn‡ii `k©bxq ¯’vb mg~n cwi`k©b K‡ib| Ab¨v‡bï g‡a¨ e³e¨ iv‡Lb evqZzi ingvb Avn‡jnv`xQ Rv‡g gmwR` DËi c‡Z½vi LZxe nv‡dh gvIjvbv wiqvhyj Bmjvg cÖgyL| Abyôv‡bi mÂvjK wQ‡jb †hjv ÔAv‡›`vjbÕ-Gi mvaviY m¤cv`K Avihy †nvmvBb mvweŸi|

myax mgv‡ek nvU Mv‡½vcvov, evMgviv, ivRkvnx 24†k gvP© g½jevi : A`¨ ev` AvQi †hjvi evMgviv Dc‡hjvaxb nvU Mv‡½vcvov Avn‡jnv`xQ Rv‡g gmwR‡` ÔAvn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjb evsjv‡`kÕ evMgviv Dc‡hjvi D‡`¨v‡M ÔK‡ivbv fvBivm †_‡K AvZ¥i¶vq KiYxqÕ kxl©K GK myax mgv‡ek AbywôZ nq| ivRkvnx-c~e© mvsMVwbK †hjv ÔAv‡›`vjbÕ-Gi mn-mfvcwZ gv÷vi Gm Gg wmivRyj Bmjv‡gi mfvcwZ‡Z¡ AbywôZ D³ mgv‡e‡k †K›`ªxq †gngvb wnmv‡e Dcw ’Z wQ‡jb Ô†mvbvgwYÕi †K›`ªxq cwiPvjK gynv¤§v` Avãyj nvjxg I mn-cwiPvjK gynv¤§v` gyCbyj Bmjvg| Abyôv‡b mÂvjK wQ‡jb †hjv ÔAv‡›`vjbÕ-Gi mvaviY m¤úv`K gvIjvbv myjZvb gvng~ |

msw¶ß cÖwk¶Y mgmcyi, evMgviv, ivRkvnx 4Vv GwcÖj kwbevi : A`¨ ev` gvMwie †hjvi evMgviv Dc‡hjvaxb mgmcyi Avn‡jnv`xQ Rv‡g gmwR‡` ÔK‡ivbv fvBivm †_‡K AvZ¥i¶vq KiYxqÕ kxl©K GK cÖwk¶Y AbywôZ nq| AÎ MÖv‡gi mv‡eK mfvcwZ Rbve nvexeyi

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ingv‡b mfvcwZ‡Z¡ AbywôZ D³ cÖwk¶‡Y †K›`ªxq †gngvb wnmv‡e Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb Ô†mvbvgwYÕi †K›`ªxq cwiPvjK gynv¤§v` Avãyj nvjxg I mn-cwiPvjK gynv¤§v gyCbyj Bmjvg| Ab¨v‡bï g‡a¨ e³e¨ †ck K‡ib Abyôv‡bi mn-mfvcwZ †m‡K›`vi Avjx I AvKei Avjx| Abyôv‡b KziAvb †ZjvIqvZ K‡i †mvbvgwY gynv¤§v` Avãyj−vn| Abyôv‡b mÂvjK wQ‡jb ÔhyemsNÕ nvU Mv‡½vcvov GjvKvi A_© m¤úv`K gynv¤§v` AvRxei ingvb|

Avj-ÔAvIb †ejKzwP, wmivRMÄ 6B gvP© ïµevi : A`¨ ev` RygÔAv †hjvi †ejKzwP _vbvi Aš—M©Z †kibMi kvwnb †KwR ¯‹zj cÖv½‡b †hjv Avj-ÔAvI‡bi D‡`¨v‡M i³`vZv m`m¨ msMÖn K¨vw¤cs AbywôZ nq| D³ K¨vw¤cs‡q Dcw ’Z wQ‡jb †hjv Avj-ÔAvI‡bi mfvcwZ Wv. Rvwn` I mvaviY m¤úv`K mRxe †nvmvBb cÖgyL| D³ K¨vw¤cs‡q 17 R‡bi e−vW MÖ“wcs I 17 Rb i³`vZv m`m¨ ZvwjKvfz³ Kiv nq| †gjv›`n, Rvgvjcyi 13B gvP© ïµevi : A`¨ ev` RygÔAv †hjvi gjv›`n _vbvi Aš—M©Z cqjv Avn‡jnv`xQ Rv‡g gmwR` cÖv½‡b †hjv Avj-ÔAvI‡bi c¶ †_‡K i³`vZv m`m¨ msMÖn K¨vw¤ús AbywôZ nq| D³ K¨vw¤cs‡q Dcw¯’Z wQ‡jb †hjv Avj-ÔAvI‡bi mvaviY m¤úv`K iv‡k`yj Bmjvg I A_© m¤úv`K gvn`x nvmvb cÖgyL| D³ K¨vw¤ús‡q 19 R‡bi e−vW MÖ“wcs I 19 Rb i³`vZv m`m¨ ZvwjKvfy³ Kiv nq| D‡j−L¨ †h, Pjgvb jKWvD‡bi g‡a¨ gvP© I GwcÖj gv‡m Avj-ÔAvIb-Gi †K› ª †_‡K 42 e¨vM Ges 12wU †hjv †_‡K 46 e¨vM i³ †Ìqv n‡q‡Q|

Avj-ÔAvI‡bi wd« †Uwj‡gwWwmb †mev ïi“ bI`vcvov, ivRkvnx, 25‡k GwcÖj 2020 : A`¨ †¯”Qv‡mex i³`vb ms¯’v Avj-ÔAvIb Rb‡mevi cwiwa we¯—v‡ii j‡¶¨ wdª †Uwj‡gwWwmb †mev ïi“ K‡i| †`‡k K‡ivbv fvBiv‡mi µgwe —v‡ii †cÖ¶vc‡U 1jv ivgvhvb †_‡K GB †Uwj‡gwWwmb †mevi D‡Øvab Kiv nq| ivgvhvb gv‡m cyi“l‡ì Rb¨ cÖwZw`b `ycyi 2-4Uv (01711-102546, 01723-771090, 01725-647413, 01710-440597, 01920-703835) Ges gwnjv‡ì Rb¨ †ejv 10-12Uv (01711-810807, 01766-982456, 01959-214445) ch©š— GB †mev †`qv n‡”Q| G‡Z `vwqZ¡ cvjb Ki‡Qb Avj-ÔAvI‡bi †K›`ªxq mfvcwZ Wv. Avãyj gZxb, Avj-ÔAvIb bvivqYMÄ †hjv mfvcwZ Wv. Ave~ bvCg gynv¤§v`, Wv. kIKZ nvmvb wgVz, Wv. hyev‡qi Bmjvg, Wv. QvweZ web nvbœvb, Wv. bvmwib AvLZvi, Wv. Zvmjxgv, Wv. kviwgb AvLZvi cÖgyL|

g„Zz msev` (1) ÔAvn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjb evsjv‡`kÕ bv‡Uvi †hjvi myax gynv¤§v` Avãyi ingvb (72) MZ 22†k gvP© †ivR iweevi ivZ 3-Uvq wKWbxRwbZ †iv‡M ivRkvnx †gwW‡Kj K‡jR nvmcvZv‡j g„Zz eiY K‡ib| Bbœv wjj−v-wn Iqv Bbœv Bjvqwn ivwRDb| g„Zz Kv‡j wZwb ¯¿x I 3 Kb¨vmn eû AvZ¥xq-¯^Rb †i‡L hvb| ciw`b ev` †hvni Puv`cyi C`Mvn gq`v‡b Zvui Rvbvhvi QvjvZ AbywôZ nq| Rvbvhvq BgvgwZ K‡ib ÔAv‡›`vjbÕ-Gi †K› ªxq `dZi m¤úv`K I gvwmK AvZ-ZvnixK-Gi mnKvix m¤úv`K W. gynv¤§v` Kvexi“j Bmjvg| Rvbvhv †k‡l Zuv‡K Puv`cyi Avn‡jnv`xQ Kei¯’v‡b `vdb Kiv| Rvbvhvq ÔAv‡›`vjbÕ-Gi †K› ªxq k~iv m`m¨ Kvhx nviƒbyi

ikx`mn †hjv ÔAv‡›`vjbÕ, ÔhyemsNÕ I Ô†mvbvgwYÕi `vwqZ¡kxj I Kg©xe„›` Ges wecyj msL¨K MY¨gvb¨ e¨w³eM© AskMÖnY K‡ib| (2) ÔAvn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjb evsjv‡`kÕ KzwoMÖvg-`w¶Y mvsMVwbK †hjvi hyewelqK m¤úv`K gynv¤§v` Avgxbyj Bmjvg (47) MZ 6B GwcÖj †ivR †mvgevi ycyi 12-Uvq eªþcyÎ b`x muvZvi †K‡U cvi nIqvi mgq cvwb‡Z Wy‡e g„Zz eiY K‡ib| Bbœv wjj−v-wn Iqv Bbœv Bjvqwn ivwRDb| g„Zz Kv‡j wZwb ¿x, 1 cyÎ I 4 Kb¨vmn eû AvZ¥xq-¯Rb †i‡L hvb| D‡j−L¨ †h, wZwb b`xi gvS eivei †cuŠ‡Q euvPvI euvPvI e‡j wPrKvi Ki‡Z Ki‡Z cvwb‡Z Wy‡e hvb| AZtci 8B GwcÖj mKvj 6-Uvq Zvi jvk cvIqv hvq| Hw`b †hjvi †iŠgvix _vbvaxb NyNygvix MÖv‡g Zvi evoxi AvwObvq mKvj 10-Uvq Zvi Rvbvhvi QvjvZ AbywôZ nq| Rvbvhvq BgvgwZ K‡ib Zvi PvPv‡Zv fvB iƒûj KzÏ~m gv÷vi| Rvbvhv †k‡l Zuv‡K cvwievwiK Kei ’v‡b `vdb Kiv| (3) ÔAvn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjb evsjv‡`kÕ bxjdvgvix-cwðg mvsMVwbK †hjvi mn-mfvcwZ gynv¤§v` Avãyj−vn (72) MZ 18B GwcÖj †ivR kwbevi weKvj 4-Uvq nVvr ü`h‡š¿i wµqv eÜ n‡q wbR evox‡Z g„Zz eiY K‡ib| Bbœv wjj−v-wn Iqv Bbœv Bjvqwn ivwRDb| g„Zz Kv‡j wZwb ¯¿x, 3 cyÎ I 3 Kb¨vmn eû AvZ¥xq-¯Rb †i‡L hvb| GKB w`b ev` gvMwie †hjv kn‡ii gyÝxcvov ’ Zuvi evoxi cvk¦©eZx© gv‡V Zuvi cÖ_g Rvbvhvi QvjvZ AbywôZ nq| Rvbvhvq BgvgwZ K‡ib †hjv m`‡ii eovBevox `vwLj gv`ªvmvi mycvi gvIjvbv gyKviig †nvmvBb| AZtci ivZ mv‡o 8-Uvq Zvi wØZxq Rvbvhvi QvjvZ AbywôZ nq kn‡ii †K› ªxq Kei ’vb msjMœ gq`v‡b| 2q Rvbvhvq BgvgwZ K‡ib †hjv ÔAv‡›`vjbÕ-Gi mvaviY m¤úv`K I gyÝxcvov Avn‡jnv`xQ Rv‡g gmwR‡ì LZxe nv‡dh gvIjvbv AvãyQ Qvgv`| Rvbvhv †k‡l Zuv‡K D³ Kei ’v‡b `vdb Kiv| Rvbvhvq †hjv ÔAv‡›`vjbÕ-Gi mfvcwZ Wv. gy —vdxhyi ingvb meyR, mvsMVwbK m¤úv`K b~i“j Bmjvg, A_© m¤úv`K dhjyj nKmn †hjv ÔAv‡›`vjbÕ, ÔhyemsNÕ Ges Ô†mvbvgwYÕi `vwqZ¡kxj, Kg©xe„›` I wecyj msL¨K MY¨gvb¨ e¨w³eM© Ask MÖnY K‡ib| wZwb bxjdvgvix †hjvi GKRb wmwbqi mvsevw`K wQ‡jb| bxjdvgvix †hjv †_‡K cÖKvwkZ mvßvwnK Ôbxj mgvPviÕ cwÎKvi cÖKvkK I m¤úv`K Ges XvKv †_‡K cÖKvwkZ Bs‡iRx ˆ`wbK Ôevsjv‡`k AeRvifviÕ cwÎKvi bxjdvgvix †hjv cÖwZwbwa wnmv‡e wZwb Kg©iZ wQ‡jb| wZwb cÖvq GK hyM a‡i bxjdvgvix †cÖmK¬v‡ei mfvcwZ I evsjv‡`k mvsevw`K †dviv‡gi †K› ªxq KwgwUi mn-mfvcwZi `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡i‡Qb| (4) ÔAvn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjb evsjv‡`kÕ Kzwgj−v †hjvi †KvicvB kvLvi mv‡eK mfvcwZ Avãyj Avhxh wWjvi (95) MZ 22†k GwcÖj †ivR eyaevi weKvj †mvqv 4-Uvq wbR evox‡Z g„Zz eiY K‡ib| Bbœv wjj−v-wn Iqv Bbœv Bjvqwn ivwRDb| wZwb `xN© 8 eQi hveZ Amy ’ Ae¯’vq kh¨vkvqx wQ‡jb| g„Zz Kv‡j wZwb ¿x, 2 cyÎ I 2 Kb¨vmn eû AvZ¥xq-¯^Rb †i‡L hvb| AZtci ivZ 9-Uvq wbR evox msjMœ Iqvw³qv gmwR‡ì mvg‡b Zvi Rvbvhvi QvjvZ AbywôZ nq| Rvbvhvq BgvgwZ K‡ib Zvi bvwZ nv‡dh Avixdzj Bmjvg| AZtci cvwievwiK †Mvi¯’v‡b Zv‡K `vdb Kiv nq| ÔAv‡›`vjbÕ-Gi Kzwgj−v †hjv mn-mfvcwZ gvIjvbv gyQ‡jûÏxb, mvaviY m¤úv K gvIjvbv Rvgxjyi ingvb, Dc‡`óv gvIjvbv kivdZ Avjx mn ÔAv‡›`vjbÕ I hyems‡NÕi ¯’vbxq †bZ…e„›` I MY¨gvb¨ e¨w³eM© Rvbvhvq kixK nb| [Avgiv gvB‡qZM‡Yi iƒ‡ni gvMwdivZ Kvgbv KiwQ Ges †kvKvnZ cwievie‡M©i cÖwZ Mfxi mg‡e`bv Ávcb KiwQ|-m¤cv`K]

Avj-ÔAvIb

g„Zz msev`

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cÖkœ (1/281) : g°v-g`xbv me© v gnvgvix I Avj−vn&i Mhe †_‡K wbivc` _vK‡e- GK_v mwVK wK?

-W. b~i“j Bmjvg, bI`vcvov, ivRkvnx| DËi : ivm~j (Qvt) e‡jb, g`xbvi ìRv mg~‡n †d‡ikZvMY cvnvivq i‡q‡Qb| ZvB G‡Z †c−M I `v¾vj cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv (eyLvix nv/1880; gymwjg nv/1379; wgkKvZ nv/2741)| Aci eY©bvq g°v I g`xbv Df‡qi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q (Avngv` nv/10270; gvRgvDh hvIqv‡q` nv/5834, mb` Qnxn)| D³ nv`x‡Qi e¨vL¨vq Bgvg beex (int) e‡jb, g°v I g`xbvq KL‡bv †c−M cÖ‡ek K‡iwb (Avj-AvhKvi 139 c„.)| Avi †c−M GKwU we‡kl Nv, hv †`‡ni cÖwZwU A½ Z_v nvZ, cv, eMj, †cU, wcVmn cy‡iv †`‡n †`Lv hvq| hv‡Z kixi dz‡j hvq Ges G‡Z cÖPÊ e¨_vI nÕ‡Z cv‡i (beex, kin gymwjg 14/204; myq~Zx, kin gymwjg 5/231)| Aciw`‡K Iqvev ev gnvgvix nÕj mKj cÖKv‡ii †Quvqv‡P †iv‡Mi mgwó, hvi g‡a¨ GKwU nÕj Z¡vEb ev †c−M (Bebyj K¡vBwqg, hv`yj gvÔAv` 4/34)| ZvB g°v-g`xbvq †c−M e¨ZxZ Ab¨vb¨ Iqvev ev gnvgvix cÖ‡ek Ki‡ZI cv‡i| †hgb Igi Bebyj LvË¡ve (ivt)-Gi †LjvdZKv‡j GKevi gnvgvix †`Lv †`q, hv‡Z Ab¨vb¨‡ì mv‡_ eû QvnvexI gviv hvb| Aveyj AvmIqv` (int) e‡jb, Igi (ivt)-Gi †LjvdZKv‡j Avwg GKevi g`xbvq Avmjvg| †mLv‡b ZLb gnvgvix †`Lv w`‡qwQj| G‡Z e¨vcKnv‡i †jvK gviv hvw”Qj (eyLvix nv/2643; Avngv` nv/139)| AZGe Z¡vÔEb ev †c−M †_‡K gy³ nÕ‡jI g°v-g`xbvq Iqvev Z_v Ab¨vb¨ wewfbœ gnvgvix cÖ‡ek Ki‡Z cv‡i| cÖkœ (2/282) : evDj‡ì DrcwË †Kv_v †_‡K? evDj-dKxi‡ì AvK¡x`v-wek¦vm m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z PvB|

-nvmvb knx` miKvix AvwRRyj nK K‡jR, e¸ov|

DËi : evDj GKwU ag©xq m¤cÖ`vq| Zv‡ì wbR¯ ZË¡- `k©b I mvab-c×wZ i‡q‡Q| GB †jvKa‡g©i mvaK‡ì ZË¡ I `k©b m¤wjZ Mvb‡K ÔevDj MvbÕ e‡j| evDjiv m½xZvkªqx, ˆg_yb I †`nwfwËK ¸ß mvabvi Abymvix| GB mvabvq mnwRqv I Q‚dx fveavivi mw¤§jb N‡U‡Q| Zviv bv gymwjg, bv wn›`y| Zviv wb‡R‡ì‡K gvbea‡g©i Abymvix e‡j `vex K‡i| Zviv gmwR` ev gw›`‡i hvq bv| †Kvb ag©MÖ‡š’ Zv‡ì wek¦vm †bB| Zviv †Kvb ag©xq AvPviI cvjb K‡i bv| Zv‡ì RvbvhvI nq bv ev Zv‡ì jvk †cvov‡bvI nq bv| Zviv mvgvwRK weevn eÜb‡KI ¯xKvi

K‡i bv| bvix-cyi“‡li Aeva †gjv‡gkv I emevm‡K `k©b wnmv‡e AbymiY K‡i| G‡ì DrcwË m¤c‡K© aviYv Kiv nq †h, cÖvPxb wdwj¯—x‡b ivm-mvgvivq evÔAvj bv‡gi GK cÖRbb †èZvi Dcvmbv Kiv nÕZ| evÔAvj cÖRbb †èZv nIqvq ˆg_yb GB a‡g©i Ask n‡q c‡o| Aóg-beg `k‡K cvi‡m¨ Q‚dx mvabvi D™¢eKv‡j evÔAvj bvgK GK Q‚dx aviv M‡o I‡V| Zviv gi“f~wg‡Z Mvb †M‡q †eovZ| Ab¨vb¨ Q‚dx mvaK‡ì gZ Zviv cvim¨ †_‡K fviZ Dcgnv‡`‡k AvMgb K‡i Ges fvi‡Zi wewfbœ As‡k Qwo‡q c‡o| Gfv‡eB evsjvq evDj m¤cÖ v‡qi AvMgb N‡U| Kv‡iv g‡Z, ms¯‹…Z kã evZzj (cvMj) wKsev dvm©x kã evÔAvj (cvMj, eÜy) †_‡K evDj k‡ãi D™¢e| †cÖgv¯c‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ msmviZ¨vMx I Db¥v` n‡q Mvb †M‡q †eov‡bvi Kvi‡Y Zv‡ì‡K evDj ejv nq| Mvb-evRbv nÕj Zv‡ì ag©cÖPv‡ii GKgvÎ gva¨g| wewfbœ LvbKv, gvhvi, AvLov Zv‡ì ag© cÖPvi‡K› ª (evsjvwcwWqv, W. Av‡bvqvi“j Kixg, Ôevsjv‡`‡ki evDjÕ 15-17 c„.)| W. Avngv` kix‡di g‡Z, eªvþY¨, ˆke I †eŠ× mnwRqv g‡Zi mgš‡q †h wgkª m¤cÖ vq M‡o I‡V Zviv GK mgq Bmjvg I êòe ag© MÖnY K‡i| wKš‘ cyi‡bv wek¦vm-ms¯‹vi eR©b Kiv m¤¢e nqwb e‡j Zviv cyi‡bv cÖ_v‡ZB ag© mvabv K‡i Pj‡Q| d‡j evDj gZ bv Bmjvg, bv wn›`y a‡g©i AbymiY K‡i| eis Zviv wb‡Ri g‡bi gZ K‡i c_ ˆZix K‡i wb‡q‡Q| GRb¨ Zviv e‡j, Kvjx, K…ò, MW, †Lv`v/ †Kvb bv‡g bvwn evav/gb K…ò MW †Lv`v ej †i (evDj ZË¡, c„. 53-54)| evDj‡ì wek¦vm nÕj, Zviv m‡e©k¦iev`x| †`n I KvgvPvi G‡ì Kv‡Q Hk¦wiK| †`‡ni evB‡i wKQz †bB| GLv‡bB Avj−vn, bex, K…ò, eªþv, cigvÍv GKvKvi| A_©vr Ck¦i I wek¦RMr Awfbœ `yB mËv| hLb †KD mvabvi kx‡l© Av‡ivnY K‡i ZLb †m Ck¦i (Avbvj nK) n‡q hvq| cÖPwjZ Q‚dxev‡ì gZ evDj a‡g©I †`‡ni g‡a¨ cigvÍvi Dcw¯’wZ ¯xKvi Kiv nq| Gi P~ovš— Ae¯’vq wb‡R‡K Ck¦‡ii ch©vqfz³ g‡b Kiv nq| G‡K Ac‡ii g‡a¨ dvbv (wejxb) n‡q hvq (D‡c›`ªbv_ fÆvPvh©, evsjvi evDj, c„. 482)| Zv‡ì Avj−vn I ivm~‡ji bvg †bIqv Ges Aviex I Bmjvgx cwifvlv eënvi Kiv †`‡L A‡b‡K Zv‡ì‡K gymwjg g‡b K‡i| A_P Zv‡ì RxebvPiY g~jZ wn›`y I †eŠ× ag©xq `k©b I Dcvmbv ixwZbxwZ Øviv cÖfvweZ| evDjiv ¸i“ev`x| ¸i“ ev muvB‡K Giv Ck¦‡ii AeZvi g‡b K‡i| Giv wek¦vm K‡i †h, ¸i“ Amš‘ó nÕ‡j Zvi BnKvj, ciKvj meB webó nÕ‡Z cv‡i| ¸i“‡K Zzó KivB

cÖ‡kœvËi `vi“j BdZv, nv`xQ dvD‡Êkb evsjv‡`k

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G‡ì mvabvi A½| evDj m¤cÖ v‡qi me‡P‡q ¸i“Z¡c~Y© e¨w³ nÕj dKxi jvjb kvn (1772-1890wLª.)| Kzwóqvi KzgviLvjx‡Z Rb¥MÖnYKvix GB evDj mva‡Ki gva¨‡gB evsjvq evDj Mv‡bi e¨vcK cÖmvi N‡U| Zvi ag©cwiPq Rvbv hvq bv| †Kbbv wZwb †Kvb ag©xq ixwZ-bxwZ gvb‡Zb bv| wZwb wek¦vm Ki‡Zb, mKj gvby‡li g‡a¨ evm K‡i GKRb Ôg‡bi gvbylÕ, hvi †Kvb ag©, RvZ-cvZ, eY©, wj½ †bB| †mB ARvbv, A¯c„k¨ I inm¨gq g‡bi gvbylB wQj Zvi a¨vb-Ávb, hv‡K wZwb Ck¦i g‡b Ki‡Zb| Zvi g‡Z, cvw_©e †`n mvabvi †fZi w`‡q †`‡nvËi RM‡Z †cŠuQv‡bvi gva¨‡g †mB g‡bi gvby‡li mÜvb cvIqv hv‡e| Avi Zv‡ZB n‡e †gv¶ ev gnvgyw³ jvf| †h‡nZz †Kvb ag© AbymiY Ki‡Zb bv, ZvB Zvi g„Zz i ci Zvi jvk ag©xq ixwZ‡Z mrKvi Kiv nqwb| Z‡e Zvi wklïv Zv‡K bex ev muvBwR g‡b K‡i| Zvi gvhvi‡K Zv‡ì Zx_©f~wg g‡b K‡i| Zv‡ì Kv‡jgv jv Bjvnv Bj−vj−vn jvjb ivm~jyj−vn (myaxi PµeZ©x, eªvZ¨ †jvKvqZ jvjb, c„. 94-95)| evDj‡ì g‡Z, Rb¥-Rxeb memgq Dc‡fvM¨gq| Mvb‡K aviY K‡i gb‡K Zviv Avb›`gq K‡i Zzj‡Z Pvq| evDj mvabvq Aeva †hŠbvPvi I MuvRv †meb Avek¨K| GKRb evD‡ji GKvwaK †mev`vmx _v‡K| mw½bx Qvov Zv‡ì mvabv APj| Zviv g‡b K‡i, g` LvIqv A‰bwZK, †Kbbv Zv Dk„•Lj K‡i †Zv‡j| wKš‘ ZvgvK I MuvRvi †bkv gvbyl‡K AvÍgMœ K‡i gb‡K DaŸ©Mvgx K‡i †`q| Zviv mv`vgvUv, êivMx Rxebhvc‡bi bv‡g †bvsiv I RUvavix _vK‡Z cm›` K‡i| †ivMgyw³i Rb¨ Zviv ¯xq g~ÎI cvb K‡i| GQvov me©‡ivM †_‡K gyw³i Rb¨ Zviv gj, g~Î, iRt I exh© wgkª‡Y †cÖgfvRv bvgK GKcÖKvi c`v_© ˆZix K‡i Zv f¶Y K‡i (evsjv‡`‡ki evDj c„. 350, 382)| myZivs evDj GKwU m‡e©k¦iev`x, c_åó I êivMx Rxebavivq Af¨¯— m¤cÖ vq| G‡ì m¤c‡K© mwVK Áv‡bi Afv‡e Ges G‡ì gymwjg bv‡gi Kvi‡Y mvaviY gymjgvbiv Zv‡ì †Kej gymjgvbB g‡b K‡i bv, eis Zv‡ì‡K Q‚dx-mva‡Ki gh©v`vq emvq| A_P Giv AvK¡x`v I AvgjMZfv‡e gymwjg bq; eis GK wgkª a‡g©i Abymvix| myZivs G‡ì AvK¡x`v, Dcmbvc×wZ I Mvb-Mhj †_‡K m‡e©vZfv‡e †eu‡P _vKv Avek¨K| cÖkœ (3/283) : K‡ivbv fvBiv‡m Avµvš— nÕ‡j dih wQqvg cvj‡bi weavb wK? GgZve ’vq gviv †M‡j K¡vhv wQqv‡gi wK n‡e?

-AvRgvj, bI`vcvov, ivRkvnx|DËi : K‡ivbv fvBiv‡m Avµvš— e¨w³i Rb¨ hw` wQqvg cvjb ¶wZi KviY nq, Z‡e wQqvg †Q‡o †`‡e Ges Zv MYbv K‡i cieZ©x‡Z my ’ nÕ‡j Av`vq Ki‡e (evK¡vivn 2/186)| Avi G Ae ’vq gviv †M‡j Zvi Dci wKQzB IqvwRe n‡e bv, †Kbbv †m AcviM wQj (beex, Avj gvRg~Ô

6/367)| Avi hw` K¡vhv Av`v‡qi mgq cvIqvi ciI Zv Av`vq bv K‡i, Z‡e Zvi DËivwaKvixMY cÖwZwU K¡vhv wQqv‡gi wewbg‡q wd`Bqv cÖ vb Ki‡e A_©vr 1 gy PvDj (625 MÖvg) cÖwZ wQqv‡gi e`‡j w`‡eb A_ev GK †ejv †cU f‡i LvB‡q w`‡eb| †ekx w`‡j †ekx †bKx cv‡ebÕ (evqnvK¡x nv/8475-76; `ª. ÔwQqvg I wK¡qvgÕ eB 79-81 c„.)| cÖkœ (4/284) : R‰bK bvix ¯^xq ¯vgx‡K wewfbœ m‡›`‡ni ekeZ©x n‡q Awfkvc †`q| Gfv‡e GK gymwjg Aci gymwjg‡K Awfkvc w`‡Z cv‡i wK?

-bvg cÖKv‡k Awb”QzK, gqgbwmsn|DËi : †Kvb gywgb Aci gywgb‡K Awfkvc w`‡Z cv‡i bv (Avngv` nv/3948, wZiwghx nv/1977, wgkKvZ nv/4847; QnxûZ ZviMxe nv/2787)| ivm~j (Qvt) e‡jb, †Kvb gywgb‡K Awfkvc †`qv Zv‡K nZ¨v Kivi mgZzj¨Õ (eyLvix nv/6652; gymwjg nv/176; wgkKvZ nv/3410)| we‡klZ ¯¿xi Rb¨ GUv AviI Mwn©Z Aciva| †Kbbv bvix‡ì AwaKnv‡i Rvnvbœv‡g hvIqvi eo KviY wnmv‡e nv`x‡Q G‡m‡Q †h, Zviv (¯vgx‡ì) †ekx †ekx Awfkvc †`q (eyLvix nv/304; gymwjg nv/132; wgkKvZ nv/19)| myZivs ¯vgx‡K Giƒc Awfkvc ¯¿xi Rb¨ †`qv Ab¨vq n‡q‡Q| GRb¨ Zv‡K Aek¨B ZIev Ki‡Z n‡e| hw` ¯vgx A‰bwZK Kv‡R RwoZ _v‡K, ZvnÕ‡j Zv‡K Dc‡`‡ki gva¨‡g eySv‡Z n‡e| G‡Z KvR bv nÕ‡j ¯vgxi Dci ¶gZvevb e¨w³‡ì gva¨‡g eySv‡bvi †Póv Ki‡e| G‡ZI KvR bv nÕ‡j Zvi †n`v‡q‡Zi Rb¨ Avj−vn&i wbKU †`vÔAv Ki‡e A_ev Ô†LvjvÕ K‡i wew”Qbœ n‡q hv‡e| cÖkœ (5/285) : KziAvb †ZjvIqv‡Zi mgq wmR`vi AvqvZ cvIqv †M‡j KLb wmR`v Ki‡Z n‡e? G mgq Kx †`vÔAv cvV Ki‡Z nq?

-nvmvbyj nK, bIMuv|DËi : wmR`vi AvqvZ hLbB cvV Ki‡e ev kªeY Ki‡e ZLbB wmR`v †Ìqv mybœvZ| Beby Igi (ivt) e‡jb, bex Kixg (Qvt) hLb wmR`vi AvqvZ †ZjvIqvZ Ki‡Zb Ges Avgiv Zvui wbKU _vKZvg, ZLb wZwb wmR`v Ki‡Zb Ges AvgivI Zvui m‡½ wmR`v KiZvg| G‡Z GZ wfo nÕZ †h, Avgv‡ì g‡a¨ †KD †KD wmR`v Kivi Rb¨ Kcvj ivLvi RvqMv †cZ bv (eyLvix nv/1076; wgkKvZ nv/1025)| GK¯’v‡b `xN©¶Y _vK‡j G wmR`v m‡½ m‡½ bv K‡i wKQz c‡iI Kiv hvq| ¯’vb cwieZ©b nÕ‡j Avi wmR`v Ki‡Z nq bv, K¡vhvI Av`vq Ki‡Z nq bv| GB wmR`v Ki‡j †bKx Av‡Q, bv Ki‡j †Mvbvn †bB (wdK¡ûm mybœvn 1/224 c„.)| wmR`v‡q †ZjvIqv‡Zi wbqg nÕj- cÖ_‡g ZvKexi w`‡q wmR`vq hv‡e| AZtci †`vÔAv co‡e Ges cybivq ZvKexi w`‡q gv_v DVv‡e (gyQvbœvd Avãyi ivhhvK nv/5930; evqnvK¡x 2/325, mb` Qnxn; Zvgvgyj wgbœvn 269 c„.)| wmR`v gvÎ GKwU n‡e| G‡Z Zvkvnû` †bB, mvjvgI

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†bB (wdK¡ûm mybœvn 1/164)| G¶‡Y †ZjvIqv‡Z wmR`vi mgq myenvbv ivweŸqvj AvÔjv cvV Ki‡e ev wb‡¤œi †`vÔAv cvV Ki‡e- mvRv`v IqvR&wnqv wjj−vhx LvjvK¡vû Iqv kvK&K¡v mvgÔAvû Iqv evQvivû wenvIwjnx Iqv KzIqvwZnx; dvZvev-ivKvj−vn-û Avnmvbyj Lv-†jK¡xb| A_© : ÔAvgvi †Pnviv wmR`v Ki‡Q †mB gnvb mËvi Rb¨, whwb G‡K m„wó K‡i‡Qb Ges ¯^xq ¶gZv I kw³ e‡j G‡Z KY© I P¶z mwbœ‡ek K‡i‡Qb| AZGe gnv cweÎ Avj−vn whwb my›ìZg m„wóKZ©vÕ (Ave~`vE` nv/1414; wgkKvZ nv/1035)| cÖkœ (6/286) : c½cvj wK cï-cvwLi Aš—f©z³ Ges Zv LvIqv hv‡e wK?

-hvbhvexj, mvZ¶xiv| DËi : c½cvj GK cÖKv‡ii eo Rv‡Zi dwosm`„k cÖvYx, hv f¶Y Kiv nvjvj| ivm~j (Qvt) e‡jb, ÔAvgv‡ì Rb¨ `yÕwU g„Z Rxe nvjvj Kiv n‡q‡Q, gvQ I Rviv` (c½cvj) (Beby gvRvn nv/3314; Qnxnvn nv/1118)| QvnvexMY e‡jb, Avgiv Avj−vn&i ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi mv‡_ †_‡K mvZwU hy× K‡iwQ, Zv‡Z Avgiv c½cvj †L‡qwQ (eyLvix nv/5495; gymwjg nv/1952; wgkKvZ nv/4113)| myZivs Kv‡iv i“wP nÕ‡j Zv †L‡Z cv‡i| cÖkœ (7/287) : Qvjv‡Z †hvM`vb Kivi mgq wcQ‡bi KvZv‡i GKv n‡q †M‡j mvg‡bi KvZvi †_‡K GKRb‡K †U‡b Avb‡Z n‡e bvwK? GKvKx `vov‡bv hv‡e?

-†mv‡nj ivbv, ivRkvnx| DËi : GgZve ’vq wcQ‡b GKvKx `vuwo‡q QvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡e| mvg‡bi KvZvi †_‡K †U‡b †bIqv g‡g© ewY©Z nv`xQwU AZ¨š— hCd (Z¡veivYx AvImvZ¡ nv/7764; gvRgvÔDh hvIqv‡q` nv/2537; hCdvn nv/921-922)| ZvQvov mvg‡bi KvZvi †_‡K gyQj−x‡K wcQ‡b †U‡b Avb‡j KvZv‡i k~b¨Zv m„wó nq (dvZvIqv DQvqgxb 13/38)| D‡j−L¨ †h, GKvKx wcQ‡bi KvZv‡i `vuwo‡q QvjvZ n‡e bv g‡g© †h nv`xQ (Avey`vD` nv/682; wZiwghx nv/231; wgkKvZ nv/1105) ewY©Z n‡q‡Q Zv H mgq cÖ‡hvR¨ hLb mvg‡bi KvZvi Ac~Y© _vK‡e| AZGe mvg‡bi KvZvi c~Y© n‡q †M‡j c‡ii KvZv‡i gyQj−x GKvKxB `vuov‡e| G‡Z Zvi QvjvZ n‡q hv‡e| wKš‘ mvg‡bi KvZv‡i RvqMv _vK‡ZI †KD GKvKx wcQ‡bi KvZv‡i QvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡j Zvi QvjvZ n‡e bv (BiIqv nv/541-Gi Av‡jvPbv `ª., 2/329)| cÖkœ (8/288) : Avj−vn‡K cÖfz, cÖwZcvjK, m„wóKZ©v BZ¨vw` bv‡g AwfwnZ Kiv hv‡e wK?

-bhi“j Bmjvg, cvBKMvQv, Lyjbv| DËi : Avj−vn‡K Zuvi ¸YevPK bv‡g WvK‡Z n‡e| Avj−vn e‡jb, ÔAvi Avj−vn&i Rb¨ my›ì bvg mg~n i‡q‡Q| †mme bv‡gB †Zvgiv Zuv‡K WvK (AvÔivd 7/180)| Z‡e †KD wbR fvlvq KziAvb ev nv`x‡Q ewY©Z wQdvZx bv‡gi mwVK

A_©‡evaK kã †hgb cÖfz, cÖwZcvjK, m„wóKZ©v BZ¨vw` eënvi Ki‡j Zv Rv‡qh n‡e| wKš‘ G‡¶‡Î mZK© _vK‡Z n‡e †hb Zv Avj−vn e¨ZxZ wfbœ †Kvb A‡_© eëüZ bv nq| †hgb MW, fMevb, Ck¦i BZ¨vw` (Beby nvhg, Avj-gynvj−v, 6/281; Beby Zvqwgqv, Avj-dvZvIqv Avj-Kzeiv 6/568)| D‡j−L¨ †h, A‡b‡K wb‡R‡K ag©wbi‡c¶ cÖgvY Kivi Rb¨ Avj−vn bvg jywK‡q A¯có kã eënvi K‡ib, hv Aek¨B cwiZ¨vR¨| cÖkœ (9/289) : eQ‡ii †Kvb †Kvb w`b wQqvg cvjb Kiv nvivg?

-gyRvwn`yj Bmjvg, PvucvB beveMÄ| DËi : eQ‡i cuvP w`b wQqvg cvjb Kiv wbwl×| †m¸‡jv nÕj- yB C‡ì w`b| Avey mvC` Ly ix (ivt) e‡jb, ivm~j (Qvt) C`yj wdri I C`yj Avhnvi w`b wQqvg cvjb Ki‡Z wb‡la K‡i‡Qb (eyLvix nv/1991, gymwjg nv/1137, wgkKvZ nv/2048)| GQvov AvBqv‡g ZvkixK¡ Z_v C`yj Avhnvi cieZ©x wZbw`b (gymwjg nv/1141, wgkKvZ nv/2050; Ave~`vE` nv/2419)| Z‡e Kzievbx`vZvi Rb¨ C‡ì w`b Kzievbxi †MvkZ LvIqvi c~e© ch©š— bv †L‡q _vKv mybœvZ (wZiwghx nv/542, wgkKvZ nv/1440)| D‡j−L¨ †h, ïµevi ev kwbev‡iI wbqwgZfv‡e wQqvg cvjb Kiv wbwl×| ivm~j (Qvt) e‡jb, ÔAek¨B †KD †hb †mªd RygÔAvi w`‡b QvIg bv iv‡L| Z‡e hw` Zvi GKw`b Av‡M wK¤v c‡i iv‡L ZvnÕ‡j Zv‡Z ¶wZ †bB (eyLvix nv/1985; wgkKvZ nv/2051)| kwbev‡ii e¨vcv‡i wZwb e‡jb, †Zvgv‡ì Dci dihK…Z wQqvg Qvov †Zvgiv kwbev‡i Avi Ab¨ †Kvb wQqvg cvjb K‡iv bvÕ (Ave~`vD` nv/2421; wgkKvZ nv/2063; QnxûZ ZviMxe nv/1049)| KviY GB w`bwU‡K Bn~ xiv m¤§vb K‡i _v‡K (wZiwghx nv/744)| cÖkœ (10/290) : kqZvb wK KL‡bv gvby‡li Kv‡b †ckve Ki‡Z cv‡i? G e¨vcv‡i ivm~j (Qvt) wKQz e‡j‡Qb wK?

-ivwdqv Zvmbxg, †Mv`vMvox, ivRkvnx| DËi : nu v cv‡i| Avãyj−vn Beby gvmE` (ivt) e‡jb, bex Kixg (Qvt)-Gi mvg‡b GK e¨w³i wel‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv nÕj, †h mKvj †ejv ch©š— Nywg‡q KvwU‡q‡Q, dR‡ii Qvjv‡Zi Rb¨ RvMÖZ nqwb| ZLb ivm~j (Qvt) ej‡jb, kqZvb Zvi Kv‡b †ckve K‡i w`‡q‡Q (eyLvix nv/1144; gymwjg nv/774; wgkKvZ nv/1221)| GLv‡b kqZv‡bi †ckve cÖK…Z A‡_©B nÕ‡Z cv‡i| KviY †m Lvq I cvb K‡i| Avevi iƒcK A‡_©I nÕ‡Z cv‡i Z_v gvbyl‡K weåvš— Kiv ev gv_vi Pz‡j `xN©© iv‡Zi Ny‡gi wMU gviv A_©I nÕ‡Z cv‡i (dvrûj evix 3/28)| cÖkœ (11/291) : R‰bK Av‡jg e‡j‡Qb, wcZv hw` mš—vb‡K nZ¨vI K‡i, Z‡e Zvi †Kvb n` ev kvw¯— †bB- G K_v KZUzKz mZ¨?

-bvg cÖKv‡k Awb”QzK, NvUvBj, Uv½vBj|

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DËi : gvbe nZ¨v gnvcvc| †m mš—vb †nvK ev Ab¨ †KD †nvK (AvbÔAvg 101; wbmv 4/93)| Z‡e wcZv KZ©„K mš—vb wbnZ nÕ‡j Zvi Dc‡i kixÔAvZ wba©vwiZ n` Kvh©Ki n‡e bv| Av`vjZ Zvi Rb¨ wfbœ kvw — wba©viY Ki‡e Ges †m gxivQ †_‡K ewÂZ n‡e| G g‡g© ivm~j (Qvt) e‡jb, mš—vb (nZ¨vi) Kvi‡Y wcZv‡K nZ¨v Kiv hv‡e bv (wZiwghx nv/1400; Beby gvRvn nv/2662; Qnxûj Rv‡gÔ nv/7744, BiIqv nv/2214)| Ab¨ nv`x‡Q G‡m‡Q, R‰bK e¨w³ Zvi †Q‡j‡K B”QvK…Zfv‡e nZ¨v Kij| G e¨vcv‡i Igi (ivt)-Gi wbKU wePvi †ck Kiv nÕ‡j wZwb Zvi wcZv‡K GKkÕ DU Rwigvbv K‡i ej‡jb, nZ¨vKvix Zvi IqvwiQ n‡e bv| wZwb Av‡iv ej‡jb, ivm~j (Qvt)-†K hw` ej‡Z bv ïbZvg †h, mš—vb nZ¨vKvix wcZvi Dci n` Rvix Kiv hv‡e bv, ZvnÕ‡j Aek¨B †Zvgv‡K nZ¨v KiZvg (Avngv` nv/98, 346; `vivKzrbx nv/3321; BiIqv 7/270)| Avi GwUB Rgûi weØv‡bi AwfgZ| Z‡e Avjx Bebyj gv`xbx, wZiwghx, Bebyj gyjvw°bmn †ek wKQz gynvwÏQ G welqK nv`xQ¸‡jv‡K Î“wUc~Y© I hCd e‡j‡Qb (Bebyj gyjvw°b, Avj-evì“j gybxi 8/374; Beby Avwãj nv`x, ZvbKxûZ ZvnKxK 4/474)| GRb¨ Bgvg gv‡jKmn GK`j weØv‡bi g‡Z, wcZvi DciI n` Rvix Ki‡Z n‡e| kvqL DQvqgxbI Abyiƒc gZ cÖKvk K‡i‡Qb (Beby Kz`vgv, gyMbx 8/277; Avk-kviûj gyg‡ZÔ 14/43)| cÖkœ (12/292) : †c−M I Ab¨vb¨ gnvgvixi g‡a¨ cv_©K¨ wK?

-†g‡n`x nvmvb †ihv, nvjmv, bv‡Uvi| DËi : Z¡vDb ev †c−M †ivM nÕj GKwU we‡kl Nv, hv †`‡ni cÖwZwU A½ Z_v nvZ, cv, eMj †cU, wcVmn cy‡iv †`‡n †`Lv hvq, hv‡Z kixi dz‡j hvq Ges G‡Z cÖPÊ e¨_vI nÕ‡Z cv‡i (beex, kin gymwjg 14/204; kviûm myq~Zx Avjv gymwjg 5/231)| Avi gnvgvix (Iqvev) nÕj mKj cÖKv‡ii †Quvqv‡P †iv‡Mi mgwó, hvi g‡a¨ †c−M (Z¡vEb) Ab¨Zg| A_©vr cÖ‡Z¨K †c−MB gnvgvix| wKš‘ cÖ‡Z¨K gnvgvixB †c−M bq (Bebyj K¡vBwqg, hv`yj gvÔAv` 4/34)| Avevi †Kvb †Kvb nv`x‡Q gnvgvix‡K †c−M A‡_© †bIqv n‡q‡Q| A_v©r gnvgvix Z_v wewfbœ †Quvqv‡P †iv‡M †hgb eû gvbyl gviv hvq, †Zgwb †c−‡MI eû gvbyl gviv hvq (eyLvix nv/5729; gymwjg nv/2219)| cÖkœ (13/293) : Avwg †hLv‡b PvKzix Kwi, †mB †Kv¤cvbxiB Wi‡gUix‡Z _vwK| †Kv¤cvbx K‡ivbv fvBiv‡mi Rb¨ eÜ K‡i w`‡j evwo †h‡Z cvie wK? GUv nv`xQ we‡ivax KvR n‡e wK?

-bK¡xe †nvmvBb, mv‡ne evRvi, ivRkvnx| DËi : Kg© ’‡ji GjvKvwU gnvgvix Avµvš— n‡q co‡j †mLvb †_‡K †ei nÕ‡Z cvi‡e bv| †Kbbv G‡Z Zvi Øviv Aci gvbylI Avµvš— n‡Z cv‡i| ivm~j (Qvt) e‡jb, hLb †Zvgiv †Kvb GjvKvq gnvgvix we —v‡ii msev` †kvb, ZLb

†mB GjvKvq cÖ‡ek K‡iv bv| Avi †Zvgiv †hLv‡b Ae ’vb Ki, †mLv‡b gnvgvixi we —vi NU‡j †mLvb †_‡K †ei n‡qv bv (eyLvix nv/5728; gymwjg nv/1065)| Z‡e G e¨vcv‡i wbwðZ Z_¨ bv _vK‡j cÖ‡qvRbxq myi¶v wb‡q †h‡Z cvi‡e| cÖkœ (14/294) : eZ©gvb cwiw¯’wZ‡Z K‡ivbv fvBivm‡K wK ingZ ejv hv‡e?

-Avãyi ingvb, wbqvgZcyi, bIMuv| DËi : †h †Kvb gnvgvix g~jZt Avj−vn&i Mhe| Z‡e âh©kxj gywgb‡ì Rb¨ GUv ing‡Z cwiYZ n‡Z cv‡i| †hgb ivm~j (Qvt) e‡jb, GwU GKwU Avhve| Avj−vn ¯xq ev›`v‡ì g‡a¨ hvi cÖwZ B”Qv K‡ib Zvi Dci GwU †cÖiY K‡ib| wZwb Zuvi gywgb ev›`vM‡Yi Rb¨ GUv‡K ÔingZÕ ¯iƒc K‡i‡Qb| d‡j †Kvb e¨w³ hw` gnvgvix GjvKvq â‡h©i mv‡_ I QIqv‡ei Avkvq Ae ’vb K‡i Ges ü`‡q `„p wek¦vm iv‡L †h, Avj−vn hv wj‡L †i‡L‡Qb ZvB n‡e, Z‡e †m GKRb knx‡ì mgvb cyi¯‹vi jvf Ki‡eÕ (eyLvix nv/3474; wgkKvZ nv/1547)| cÖkœ (15/295) : dih QvjvZ e¨ZxZ Ab¨ Qvjv‡Z Kzb~‡Z bv‡hjv cvV Kiv hv‡e wK?

-Lv‡`gyj Bmjvg, †RÏv, mE`xAvie| DËi : dih e¨ZxZ bdj Qvjv‡Z Kzb~‡Z bv‡hjv cvV Kiv hv‡e bv| KviY G e¨vcv‡i ivm~j (Qvt) I Qvnvev‡q †Kiv‡gi †Kvb Avgj Øviv cÖgvwYZ bq (nvqZvgx, †ZvndvZzj gynZvR 6/38)| cÖkœ (16/296) : R‰bK †g‡q we‡qi wZbw`‡bi gv_vq Ô†LvjvÔ K‡i wew”Qbœ n‡q hvq| Zv‡ì g‡a¨ †Kvb wbR©bevm nqwb| G¶‡Y H †g‡q‡K KZw`b BÏZ cvjb Ki‡Z n‡e?

-AvZvDi ingvb, wbqvgZcyi, bIMuv| DËi : Ggb Ae ’vq D³ bvix‡K †Kvb BÏZ cvjb Ki‡Z n‡e bv| Avj−vn e‡jb, Ô†n Cgvb`viMY! hLb †Zvgiv gywgb bvix‡ì weevn Ki‡e, AZtci Zv‡K ¯úk© Kivi c~‡e© ZvjvK w`‡e, ZLb †Zvgv‡ì Rb¨ Zv‡ì Dci †Kvb BÏZ †bB hv †Zvgiv MYbv Ki‡eÕ (Avnhve 33/49)| Z‡e hw` ¯vgx gviv hvb, ZvnÕ‡j mnevm bv nÕ‡jI Zvi Rb¨ Zv‡K 4 gvm 10 w`b BÏZ cvjb Ki‡Z n‡e (evK¡vivn 2/234)| cÖkœ (17/297) : dR‡ii Qvjv‡Z †ìx‡Z Nyg fv½vi ci QvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡Z wM‡q †`wL m~‡h©v`q n‡”Q| GgZve¯’vq Kq wgwbU A‡c¶v Ki‡Z n‡e?

-euvab*, †¶Zjvj, RqcyinvU| * Aviex‡Z Bmjvgx bvg ivLyb (m.m.)|

DËi : GgZve¯’vq A‡c¶vi cÖ‡qvRb †bB| eis Nyg fv½v gvÎB QvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡e| ivm~j (Qvt) e‡jb, Ô†Zvgv‡ì †Kvb e¨w³ †Kvb QvjvZ fy‡j †M‡j A_ev

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Nywg‡q †M‡j hLb ¯§iY n‡e ZLbB †hb QvjvZ Av`vq K‡iÕ (eyLvix nv/597; gymwjg nv/684; wgkKvZ nv/604)| cÖkœ (18/298) : nvB DVvi mgq KiYxq wK?

-Avmv yh&hvgvb, KvgviL›`, wmivRMÄ|DËi : nvB DVvi mgq gy‡L nvZ w`‡q evav w`‡Z n‡e| ivm~j (Qvt) e‡jb, nvB †Zvjv kqZv‡bi c¶ nÕ‡Z n‡q _v‡K| Kv‡RB †Zvgv‡ì Kv‡iv hLb nvB Avm‡e ZLb Zv mva¨gZ †iva Ki‡e| nvB †Zvjvi mgq †hb ÔnvÕ bv e‡j, †Kbbv kqZvb Zv‡Z nv‡m (eyLvix nv/3289; wgkKvZ nv/986)| wZwb e‡jb, hw` †Zvgv‡ì †KD nvB †Zv‡j Z‡e †m †hb Zvui gy‡Li Dci nvZ †i‡L Zv‡K cÖwZnZ K‡i| †Kbbv G mgq kqZvb (gyL w`‡q) cÖ‡ek K‡i (gymwjg nv/2995; wgkKvZ nv/985)| G¶‡Y nvB‡K uv‡Zi mv‡_ ùvZ I †Vuv‡Ui mv‡_ †VuvU †P‡c †i‡L cÖwZnZ Kiv hvq| Avevi nvZ ØvivI cÖwZnZ Kiv hvq| Wvb ev evg `yÕnvZ ØvivB cÖwZnZ Kiv hvq| Z‡e evg nv‡Zi D‡ëv wcV Øviv cÖwZnZ Kiv‡K weØvbMY gy —vnve e‡j‡Qb (gvbvex, dvqhyj K¡v`xi 1/404; DQvqgxb, dvZvIqv byi“b Avjv` `vie 61/13)| D‡j−L¨ ÔnvB DVvi mgq †h e¨w³ gy‡L nvZ †`q bv Zvi gy‡L kqZvb †ckve K‡i †`qÕ g‡g© cÖPwjZ eY©bvwU wfwËnxb| GQvov A‡b‡K nvB DV‡j Ôjv nIjv Iqvjv KzIqvZv...Õ cvV K‡ib, hv `jxjwfwËK bq| cÖkœ (19/299) : evwo cv‡ki gmwR‡ì mvg‡bi †Ìqv‡j c„_K N‡i yÕwU Kei Av‡Q Ges †mLv‡b cÖwZw`b AvMievwZ I jvBU R¡vjv‡bv nq| Ab¨ gmwR` `~‡i Aew ’Z| G¶‡Y Avwg N‡i bv gmwR‡` QvjvZ Av`vq Kie?

-†mwjg nvmvb, ewikvj| DËi : gmwR‡ì evB‡i hw` Kei †_‡K c„_KKvix cÖvPxi _v‡K, Z‡e †mB gmwR‡` QvjvZ Av`vq Kiv hv‡e, Ab¨_vq bq (Beby Zvqwgqvn, gvRg~Dj dvZvIqv 31/12; kvqL web evh, gvRg~Ô dvZvIqv 13/357; Avjevbx, Zvnhxi“m mv‡R`, c„t 127)| KviY ivm~j (Qvt) Ke‡ii w`‡K wd‡i QvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡Z wb‡la K‡i‡Qb (gymwjg nv/972; bvmvC nv/760; Qnxnvn nv/1016)| G¶‡Y eY©bvg‡Z Kei `yÕwU gmwR‡ì †Ìqv‡ji mv‡_ jv‡Mvqv nÕ‡j Ges c„_K cÖvPxi bv _vK‡j †mLv‡b QvjvZ Av`vq Kiv hv‡e bv| Avi Ab¨ gmwR‡ì Ae¯’vb hw` Avhvb †kvbv hvq, Ggb `~i‡Z¡ nq, Z‡e †m gmwR‡` †h‡Z n‡e| cÖkœ (20/300) : Qvjv‡Zi D‡Ïk¨ Qvov †h‡Kvb cÖ‡qvR‡b gmwR‡` cÖ‡ek Ki‡jB wK `yÕivKÔAvZ QvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡Z n‡e?

-Avãyj−vn, wkgyj †g‡gvwiqvj ¯‹yj, ivRkvnx|DËi : Ae¯’v‡bi wbq‡Z gmwR‡` cÖ‡ek Ki‡j `yÕivKÔAvZ QvjvZ Av`vq Kiv mybœv‡Z gyqvK¡v`vn| KviY ivm~j (Qvt) e‡jb, †Zvgv‡ì †KD gmwR‡` cÖ‡ek Ki‡j `yÕivKÔAvZ QvjvZ (ZvwnqvZzj gmwR`) Av`vq Kivi c~‡e©

†hb bv e‡m (eyLvix nv/1163; gymwjg nv/714; wgkKvZ nv/704)| Z‡e †KD hw` gmwR‡` emvi c~‡e© †mLvb †_‡K †ewi‡q hvq ZvnÕ‡j Zvi Dci †_‡K D³ yÕivKÔAvZ QvjvZ iwnZ n‡q hvq| ZvQvov wbg©vY, †givgZ ev cwi”QbœZvi Kv‡R cÖ‡ek Ki‡j GwU Av`vq Kiv hiƒix bq (beex, Avj-gvRg~Ô 3/544; dvrûj evix 1/538-39; dvZvIqv jvRbv `v‡qgvn 6/137; DQvqgxb, gvRg~Ô dvZvIqv 14/354)| cÖkœ (21/301) : kxÔAv bvix‡K weev‡ni †¶‡Î kviC †Kvb wb‡lavÁv Av‡Q wK?

-wnheyj−vn, evwjqvcyKzi, ivRkvnx|DËi : ev‡iv Bgv‡gi Abymvix kxÔAv I iv‡dhx bvix‡ì weevn Kiv hv‡e bv| KviY Zv‡ì AvK¡x`v gykwiK‡ì b¨vq| Avj−vn e‡jb, Avi †Zvgiv gykwiK bvix‡ì we‡q K‡iv bv, hZ¶Y bv Zviv Cgvb Av‡b (evK¡vivn 2/221)| kvqLyj Bmjvg Beby Zvqwgqvn (int) e‡jb, iv‡dhv bvix‡K we‡q Kiv †Kvb gymjgv‡bi Rb¨ mgxPxb bq (gvRg~ÔDj dvZvIqv 32/61)| mE`x Avi‡ei m‡e©v”P Ijvgv cwil` Abyiƒc gZ e¨³ K‡i‡Q (drIqv jvRbv `v‡qgvn 2/373)| hw` ZIev K‡i I mwVK Øx‡b wd‡i Av‡m ZvnÕ‡j weev‡n †Kvb evav †bB| cÖkœ (22/302) : †Rnix Qvjv‡Z Bgv‡gi wcQ‡b m~iv dvwZnv KLb cvV Ki‡Z n‡e? Bgvg Ab¨ m~iv cvV Kivi mgq gy³v`x Bgv‡gi mv‡_ wgwj‡q cvV Ki‡Z cvi‡e wK?

-wmRvb †nvmvBb, ev‡nicyi, h‡kvi|DËi : †Rnix Qvjv‡Z gy³v`xiv Bgv‡gi mv‡_B Pz‡c Pz‡c m~iv dvwZnv cvV Ki‡e (Avngv` nv/22797-802; web evh gvRg~Ô dvZvIqv 11/221; EQvqgxb, dvZvIqv AviKvbyj Bmjvg 322 c„.)| Avi Bgv‡gi m~iv dvwZnv m¤úbœ nIqvi c‡i RvgvÔAv‡Z †hvM`vb Ki‡j wb‡R wb‡R wbi‡e m~iv dvwZnv cvV K‡i wb‡e (gymwjg nv/395; wgkKvZ nv/823; Beby nvRvi, dvrûj evix 2/242; wgiÔAvZzj gvdvZxn 3/128; †ZvndvZzj AvnIqvhx 2/210)| cÖkœ (23/303) : Avgvi †Kvb †Q‡j-†g‡q †bB| GK fvB I Pvi †evb Ges cvjK †Q‡j-†g‡q Av‡Q| G¶‡Y †K KZUzKz m¤ú` cv‡e?

-nvmxbv, †Ueywbqv, cvebv|DËi : G‡¶‡Î †gvU m¤c‡ì 33.33 kZvsk cv‡e m‡nvì fvB| Avi 4 m‡nvì †evb cÖ‡Z¨‡K 16.67 kZvsk K‡i cv‡e| Avi cvjK cyÎ ev cvjK †g‡q DËivwaKvix bv nIqvq wba©vwiZ †Kvb m¤úwË cv‡e bv| Z‡e m¤cwËi gvwjK PvB‡j Zv‡ì Rb¨ wKQz AwQqZ K‡i †h‡Z cv‡i| †m‡¶‡Î AwQqZ c~iY Kivi ci evKx m¤c` D³ Ask †gvZv‡eK DËivwaKvix‡ì g‡a¨ ewÈZ n‡e| cÖkœ (24/304) : gwnjv‡ì Rb¨ bv‡m©i PvKzix Kiv KZUzKz kixÔAvZm¤§Z?

-bvmixb myjZvbv, avbgwÊ, XvKv|

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DËi : M„nB bvixi g~j Kg© ’j (Avnhve 33/33)| we‡kl cÖ‡qvR‡b bvix‡K evB‡i †h‡Z nÕ‡j c~Y© c ©v i¶v Ki‡Z n‡e| Avi wPwKrmv †h‡nZz gvby‡li †gŠwjK AwaKvi, †m‡nZz cÖ‡qvR‡b bvm© ev ¯v ’ Kg©xi PvKzix Kiv bvix‡ì Rb¨ kixÔAvZm¤§Z| †m‡¶‡Î nvmcvZvj¸wj‡Z cyi“l I gwnjv‡ì Rb¨ c„_K wefvM _vKv Avek¨K| wKš‘ hw` Giƒc eë¯’v bv _v‡K, Z‡e mve©¶wYK c`©vi g‡a¨ _vKv Ges c~Y© wbivcËvi wbðqZv mv‡c‡¶ bvixiv bvwm©s ev wPwKrmv †ckvq AskMÖnY Ki‡Z cv‡i| cÖkœ (25/305) : eZ©gv‡b wKQy e¨w³ Zv‡ì wbR¯ wmjwmjvi Awj-AvIwjqv‡ì bv‡gi †k‡l ivwhqvj−vû ÔAvbû †hvM Ki‡Q| Gfv‡e Qvnvev‡q †Kivg ev` w`‡q mvjvd‡ì bv‡gi †k‡l ivwht...evK¨ eënvi Kiv hv‡e wK?

-mvC`yj Bmjvg, gvj`v, cwðe½, fviZ| DËi : weØvb‡ì gv‡S cÖPjb nÕj- Ôivwhqvj−vn AvbûÕ‡K Qvnvex‡ì mv‡_ LvQ Kiv nq Ges Ab¨‡ì †¶‡Î ÔingvZzj−vnÕ‡K| Bgvg hvqjvC e‡jb, QvnvexM‡Yi †¶‡Î ivwhqvj−vn Avbû, Zv‡eC I mvjvd‡ì †¶‡Î ivwngvûj−vn I mvaviY Av‡jg‡ì †¶‡Î Mvdvivûj−vn e‡j †`vÔAv Kiv DËg (Av - yi©zj gyLZvi 6/754; Avj-dvZvIqvj wnw›`qv 51/297)| Gi gva¨‡g Qvnvex I Ab¨vb¨‡ì cv_©K¨ KiviI wnKgZ wbwnZ i‡q‡Q| Z‡e mvaviYfv‡e cÖ‡Z¨K gywg‡bi Rb¨ Ôivwhqvj−vû AvbûÕ †`vÔAv Kiv Rv‡qh (ZvIev 9/100; Bebyj DQvqgxb, dvZvIqv b~i“b Avjv`-`vie 22/14)| wKš‘ cÖkœg‡Z, we‡kl wKQz wmjwmjvi gvby‡li Rb¨ Ôivwhqvj−vû AvbûÕ eënvi AmrD‡Ïk¨ cÖ‡Yvw`Z Ges Zv‡ì‡K we‡kl gh©v`vq Awfwl³ Ki‡Yi AccÖqvm, hv AMÖnY‡hvM¨| cÖkœ (26/306) : K‡ivbv fvBiv‡mi we¯—…wZ‡iv‡a gmwR‡` RygÔAvi QvjvZ cwinvi K‡i evwo‡Z †hvn‡ii QvjvZ Av`vq Kiv hv‡e wK?

-Avãyj gvbœvb, †gvnbcyi, ivRkvnx| DËi : gnvgvixi we¯—…wZ †iv‡a gmwR‡ì RvgvÔAvZ eÜ _vKve¯’vq RygÔAvi Qvjv‡Zi cwie‡Z© evwo‡Z †hvn‡ii QvjvZ Av`vq Kiv Rv‡qh| KviY GgZve ’vq gmwR‡` GKwÎZ nÕ‡j G‡K A‡bï Øviv ¶wZMÖ — nÕ‡Z cv‡i| Avi Bmjv‡gi g~jbxwZ nÕj, wb‡R ¶wZMÖ — bv nIqv Ges Ab¨‡K ¶wZMÖ — bv Kiv (Beby gvRvn nv/2340; Avngv` nv/2867; Qnxnvn nv/250)| gnvgvixKvjxb mZK©Zv¯iƒc ivm~j (Qvt) e‡jb, Amy ’ cÖvYx‡K †hb my ’ cÖvYxi gv‡S cÖ‡ek Kiv‡bv bv nq (eyLvix nv/5771; gymwjg nv/2221)| Ab¨ eY©bvq G‡m‡Q, Kzô‡ivMx nÕ‡Z Ggbfv‡e cjvqb Ki, †hfv‡e †Zvgiv evN †_‡K cjvqb KiÕ (eyLvix nv/5707; wgkKvZ nv/4577; Qnxnvn nv/783)| ivm~j (Qvt) wb‡RI G e¨vcv‡i mZK©Zv Aej¤b Ki‡Zb| nv`x‡Q G‡m‡Q- ÔQvKxd‡ì cÖwZwbwa`‡j Kzô †iv‡M Avµvš— GK e¨w³ wQj| ZLb bex Kixg (Qvt) Zvi Kv‡Q †jvK cvwV‡q

Rvbv‡jb †h, wbðq Avwg †Zvgvi evqÔAvZ MÖnY K‡iwQ| AZGe Zzwg wd‡i hvI| d‡j wZwb kn‡ii evB‡i †_‡KB evwo wd‡i hvb (gymwjg nv/2231; wgkKvZ nv/4581; Qnxnvn nv/1968)| GQvovI ivm~j (Qvt) I Qvnvev‡q †Kiv‡gi hy‡M AwZ e„wói Kvi‡Y gvbyl‡K RygÔAvq AskMÖn‡Yi e¨vcv‡i AeKvk †Ìqv n‡qwQj| †hgb Beby AveŸvm (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z n‡q‡Q †h, wZwb Zvui gyqvhwhb‡K GK cÖej el©‡Yi w`‡b ej‡jb, hLb Zzwg (Avhv‡b) Avknv y Avbœv gynv¤§v`vi ivm~jyj−vn ej‡e, ZLb nvBqv AvjvQ-Qvjvn ej‡e bv, ej‡e, Qvj−y dx eyq~wZKzg (†Zvgiv wbR wbR evmM„‡n QvjvZ Av`vq Ki)| wKš‘ †jv‡Kiv Zv Acm›` Kij| ZLb wZwb ej‡jb, Avgvi †P‡q DËg e¨w³B (ivm~j (Qvt) Zv K‡i‡Qb| RygÔAv wbtm‡›`‡n hiƒix| Z‡e Avwg Acm›` Kwi †Zvgv‡ì‡K gvwU I Kv`vi ga¨ w`‡q hvZvqvZ Kivi Amyweavq †dj‡Z (eyLvix nv/901; gymwjg nv/699)| cÖkœ (27/307) : Avgvi yB RvqMvq evmv i‡q‡Q| Avwg Kg© ’‡j GK mßvn †_‡K e„n¯úwZ I ïµevi cwiev‡ii wbKU wd‡i hvB| G¶‡Y Avwg M„‡n KQi QvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡Z cvie wK?

-Iqvnx yhhvgvb, mv‡ne evRvi, ivRkvnx| DËi : GgZve ’vq Kg© ’j‡K g~j Avevm¯’j ai‡Z n‡e| †mB †gvZv‡eK wb‡Ri M„n hw` md‡ii ~i‡Z¡ nq, Z‡e cwievi-cwiRb I AvZ¥xq-¯RbI _vK‡jI †mLv‡b QvjvZ K¡Qi Kiv hv‡e (kv‡dC, wKZveyj D¤§ 1/217; Beby Kz`vgv, Avj-gyMbx 2/214; DQvqgxb, wjKvDj evwej gvdZ~n 23/58)| Avj−vn e‡jb, Ômdi Ae¯’vq Qvjv‡Z ÔK¡QiÕ Ki‡j †Zvgv‡ì Rb¨ †Kvb †Mvbvn †bBÕ (wbmv 4/101; we —vwiZ `ªt QvjvZzi ivm~j (Qvt) Ômd‡ii QvjvZÕ Aa¨vq)| cÖkœ (28/308) : K‡ivbv fvBiv‡m g„Z e¨w³i Rvbvhvi QvjvZ Av`v‡qi weavb wK?

-Avãyj−vn dviƒK, evqv, ivRkvnx| DËi : K‡ivbv fvBiv‡m g„Z e¨w³i Rvbvhvi QvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡Z n‡e| Igi (ivt)-Gi Avg‡j fvBiv‡m eû gvbyl gviv hvq, hv‡ì Rvbvhvi QvjvZ Av`vq Kiv n‡qwQj (eyLvix nv/2643; Avngv` nv/139; Beby wneŸvb nv/3028)| Beby Kz vgv e‡jb, †h mKj †jvK nZ¨v e¨ZxZ knx` nq, †hgb gnvgvix‡Z g„Z... e¨w³‡ì †Mvmj †Ìqv‡Z n‡e Ges Zv‡ì Rvbvhvi QvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡Z n‡e (gyMbx 2/399; dvrûj evix 6/43; Avjevbx, AvnKvgyj Rvbv‡qh 51 c„.)| Z‡e we‡klÁ wPwKrmK‡ì wb‡ ©kbv †gvZv‡eK hw` †Mvmj †Ìqv‡Z fvBivm Qwo‡q covi m¤¢vebv _v‡K Z‡e Zvqv¤§yg Kiv‡e Ges mva¨gZ wbqgvbyMfv‡e Kvdb I `vdbKvh© mgvav Ki‡e| Avj−vn e‡jb, ÔAvj−vn †Kvb e¨w³i Dci Zvi mv‡aï AwZwi³ †evSv Pvcvb bvÕ (evK¡vivn 2/286)| cÖkœ (29/309) : gnvgvix Qov‡bvi f‡q gmwR‡` gv¯‹

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eënvi K‡i QvjvZ Av`vq Kiv Rv‡qh n‡e wK? -iexDj Bmjvg, im~jcyi, wbqvgZcyi, bIMuv|

DËi : ivm~j (Qvt) Qvjv‡Zi g‡a¨ gyL †X‡K ivL‡Z wb‡la K‡i‡Qb (Ave~`vD` nv/966; wZiwghx nv/378; mb` nvmvb)| Z‡e we‡kl cwiw¯’wZ‡Z gyL †X‡K ev gv¯‹ eënvi K‡i QvjvZ Av`vq Kiv hv‡e (evûZx, Kvkkvdzj †KbvÔ 1/268; kvqL web evh, gvRg~ÔDj dvZvIqv 11/114; Avj-gvIm~ÔAvZzj wdK¡wnqvn 41/135)| Bgvg beex e‡jb, Qvjv‡Z gyL XvKv wbwl‡×i nv`xQwU Acm›`bxqZv ÁvcK, wb‡lavÁvg~jK bq (Avj-gvRg~Ô 3/179)| kvqL DQvqgxb e‡jb, mw ©-Kvwk, ayjv-evwj, VvÊv ev `~M©‡Üi Kvi‡Y gyL †X‡K QvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡j QvjvZ n‡q hv‡e (dvZvIqv byi“b ÔAvjv` `vie 154/14)| myZivs K‡ivbvi fqvenZvi Kvi‡Y gmwR‡` AvMZ gyQj−xiv gv¯‹ eënvi Ki‡Z cvi‡eb| cÖkœ (30/310) : Mi‡g Nv‡gi yM©Ü cÖwZ‡iv‡a Avie Avwgiv‡Zi ˆZix ÔdvÕ bvgK wWD‡Wv‡i›U wK‡bwQ| G‡Z Ab¨vb¨ Dcv`v‡bi mv‡_ G¨vj‡KvnjI Av‡Q| GUv eënvi Kiv hv‡e wK?

-gynv¤§v` gyiwk`yj Bmjvg, mvcvnvi, bIMuv|DËi : `yM©ÜbvkK †¯úª ev RxevYybvkK m¨vwbUvBRv‡i AZ¨waK gvÎvq G¨vj‡Kvnj _vK‡j Zv eënvi †_‡K weiZ _vK‡Z n‡e| KviY hv gv`KZv Av‡b Zv LvIqv, cvb Kiv, eënvi, µq-weµq meB nvivg (wZiwghx nv/1295; wgkKvZ nv/2776, mb` Qnxn; Beby Zvqwgqvn, gvRg~ÔDj dvZvIqv 28/337; dvZvIqv jvRbv `v‡qgvn 13/54, 22/144; Avj-gvDm~ÔAvZzj wdKwnqvn 5/25)| Z‡e msi¶‡Yi D‡Ï‡k¨ hw` gv`KZv Av‡b bv Ggb mvgvb¨ cwigvY G¨vj‡Kvnj eënvi Kiv nq, Z‡e Zv Rv‡qh (dvZvIqv jvRbv `v‡qgvn 13/54; DQvqgxb, gvRg~ÔDj dvZvIqv bs 287; 12/370)| cÖkœ (31/311) : FY wb‡q wdriv †Ìqv hv‡e wK? dKxi-wgmKxb wKfv‡e wdriv Av`vq Ki‡e?

-whqvDi ingvb, MvsYx, †g‡nicyi|DËi : hv‡e| KviY wdriv abx-Mixe mK‡ji Dci dih| (eyLvix, gymwjg, wgkKvZ nv/1815)| Avi ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) I Qvnvev‡q †Kivg ci¯ú‡ii FY cwi‡kva K‡i w`‡Zb (eyLvix, gymwjg, wgkKvZ nv/2906; wdK¡ûm mybœvn 3/184)| †h‡nZz Rv‡bi Qv`vK¡v wnmv‡e wdriv mK‡ji Dci dih, †m‡nZz dKxi-wgmKxb‡KI wdriv w`‡Z n‡e| †m‡¶‡Î †m wdriv w`‡e Ges wdriv MÖnYI Ki‡e| wKQz weØv‡bi g‡Z, †Kvb ¯vaxb gymwjg e¨w³i wbKU hw` Zvi cwievi-cwiR‡bi Rb¨ GKw`‡bi †P‡q AwaK cwigvY Lv`¨ gIR~ _v‡K, ZvnÕ‡j Zvi Dci wdriv Av`vq Kiv IqvwReÕ (wdK¡ûm mybœvn 1/412-13)| Avi µxZ`v‡mi wdriv gwbe Av`vq Ki‡e| cÖkœ (32/312) : C`yj wdri I C`yj Avhnvi w`‡b C`Mvn mw¾Z Kivi ûKzg wK?

-knx yj−vn, eskvj, XvKv|DËi : C`Mvn‡K mw¾Z Kiv kixÔAvZ m¤§Z bq| KviY C`Mvn nÕj Bev`‡Zi ’vb| Avi Bev`‡Zi ’vb‡K mvR-m¾vq my‡kvwfZ Kiv wm× bq| Avãyj−vn Beby AveŸvm (ivt) e‡jb, ivm~j~j−vn (Qvt) e‡j‡Qb, gmwR` mg~n‡K PvKwPK¨gq K‡i wbg©vY Kivi Rb¨ Avwg Avw`ó nBwbÕ| Beby AveŸvm (ivt) e‡jb, wKš‘ †Zvgiv G‡K mymw¾Z Ki‡e †hfv‡e Bn~ x-bvQvivMY KiZ (Ave~`vE` nv/448; wgkKvZ nv/718)| cÖkœ (33/313) : K‡ivbv AvZ‡¼ RvgvÔAv‡Z QvjvZ Av`vqKv‡j miKvix wb‡ ©kbv †gvZv‡eK KvZvi bv wgwj‡q wew”Qbœ n‡q ùvov‡j QvjvZ n‡e wK?

-Aveyj Kvjvg, RqcyinvU|DËi : gyQj−x‡ì cv‡qi mv‡_ cv I Kuv‡ai mv‡_ Kuva wgwj‡q KvZvi †mvRv K‡i ùvov‡bv Qvjv‡Zi GKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© Ask (eyLvix nv/723; gymwjg nv/433; wgkKvZ nv/1087)| wKš‘ eZ©gvb †cÖ¶vc‡U gnvgvixi we¯—…wZ †iv‡a I wb‡R‡K †ndvh‡Zi j‡¶¨ RvgvÔAv‡Z QvjvZ Av`vqKv‡j mvgwqKfv‡e wbw`©ó `~iZ¡ eRvq †i‡L QvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡j QvjvZ n‡q hv‡e BbkvAvj−vn| †Kbbv G‡Z kviC Ihi we`¨gvb (evK¡vivn 2/173)| cÖkœ (34/314) : K‡ivbv fvBivm †_‡K i¶v †c‡Z Kzby‡Z bv‡hjv cvV Kiv hv‡e wK?

-kvgmyj Avjg, bI`vcvov, ivRkvnx|DËi : †h‡nZz wec`-Avc` †_‡K AvkÖq †P‡q Kzb~‡Z bv‡hjv cvV Kiv nq, †m‡nZz gnvgvixi gZ wec` †_‡K i¶v †c‡ZI Zv cvV Kiv hvq (nvwkqvZz Be‡b Av‡e`xb 2/11; wgiAvÔZzj gvdvZxn 4/303)| Bgvg beex (int) e‡jb, weï× I cÖwm× e³e¨ nÕj, gymjgvb‡ì Dci kÎ“ Dcw¯’Z nÕ‡j Ges `ywf©¶, gnvgvix, Abve„wó, `ywbqvex ¶wZ ev Abyiƒc †h‡Kvb wec`vc‡ì mgq cvuP Iqv³ Qvjv‡Z Kzb~‡Z bv‡hjv cvV Kiv hv‡e (kin beex 5/176; ÔAvIbyj gvÔe~` 4/222)| Beby Zvqwgqvn (int) e‡jb, Ô†h‡Kvb wec‡` Kzb~‡Z bv‡hjv cvV Kiv mybœvZ, hv gynvwÏQ dK¡xnMYmn †Lvjvdv‡q iv‡k`x‡bi Avgj Øviv cÖgvwYZ (gvRg~ÔDj dvZvIqv 23/109-110)| Z‡e GK`j weØv‡bi g‡Z, gnvgvix †_‡K AvkÖq cÖv_©bv K‡i Kzb~‡Z bv‡hjv cvV Kivi wel‡q ¯có †Kvb `jxj cvIqv hvq bv| AZGe Kzb~‡Z bv‡hjvi cwie‡Z© gnvgvix‡Z wec`gyw³i Rb¨ cwVZe¨ mvaviY †h †Kvb †`vÔAv cvV DwPr (gvi`vfx, Avj-BbQvd, 2/175; gynv¤§v` Beby gydwjn, wKZveyj dziƒÔ 2/367)| cÖkœ (35/315) : m~iv Bbwkivn mvZevi cvV K‡i cvwb‡Z dzuK w`‡q Zv cvb Ki‡j ¯§„wZkw³ e„w× cvq| K_vwUi mZ¨Zv Av‡Q wK?

-gwnDÏxb †kL, ivgcvj, ev‡MinvU|

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DËi : D³ e³e¨ wfwËnxb (dvZvIqv jvRbv `v‡qgvn 1/76)| †Kej m~iv Bbwkivn bq, eis †h‡Kvb m~iv cvV K‡i Svo-du~K Kiv hvq| Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv e‡jb, ÔAvi Avgiv KziAvb bvwhj Kwi, hv wek¦vmx‡ì Rb¨ Av‡ivM¨ I ingZ ¯iƒcÕ (Bmiv 17/82)| cÖkœ (36/316) : hw` wcZv I cyÎ GKB mv‡_ moK `yN©Ubvq gviv hvq, ZvnÕ‡j †K Kvi IqvwiQ n‡e?

-gyexbyj Bmjvg, inbcyi, PuvcvB beveMÄ|DËi : G Ae¯’vq †KD Kv‡iv IqvwiQ n‡e bv| eis RxweZ AvZ¥xqiv DËivwaKvix n‡e| Beby AveŸvm (ivt) e‡jb, g„Z e¨w³ Aci g„Z e¨w³i IqvwiQ n‡e bv hZ¶Y bv Rvbv hv‡e †h, †K Av‡M gviv †M‡Q (nv‡Kg nv/8010; Bgvg gvwjK, Avj-gy`vDIqvbvn 2/5933)| cÖkœ (37/317) : Avwg GKRb †W‡Kv‡iU‡ii gvwjK| Avgv‡K wK Avmevec‡Îi hvKvZ w`‡Z n‡e?

-kdxKzj Bmjvg, `vi“mv, ivRkvnx|DËi : fvovq eëüZ eëmvwqK c‡Y¨ hvKvZ †bB (eyLvixnv/1464; gymwjg nv/982; Bebyj DQvqgxb, gvRgyÔ dvZvIqv Iqv ivmv‡qj 18/208)| †h‡nZz †W‡Kv‡iU‡ii cY¨ fvovq eëüZ nq, AZGe G‡Z hvKvZ †bB| Z‡e fvov †_‡K cÖvß m¤c‡ì Dci hvKvZ avh© n‡e, hw` Zv wbQve cwigvY nq| cÖkœ (38/318) : gmwR‡` cÖ‡ekKv‡j D‰”P¯^‡i mvjvg cÖ vb Kiv hv‡e wK?

-wmivRyj Bmjvg, evMvbMvwQ, w`bvRcyi|DËi : gmwR‡` gyQj−x‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ ¯^vfvweK ¯‡i mvjvg †`qv hv‡e (eyLvix nv/757; gymwjg nv/397; wgkKvZ nv/790)| ivm~j (Qvt) QvjvZiZ Ae¯’v‡ZI †KD mvjvg w`‡j Av½y‡ji Bkvivq Zvi Reve w`‡Zb (wZiwghx, wgkKvZ nv/991; gyIqvË¡v, wgkKvZ nv/1013)| Z‡e RvgvÔAvZ Pjv Ae ’vq D‰”Pt¯‡i mvjvg bv †ÌqvB DËg| †Kbbv G‡Z gyQj−x‡ì g‡bv‡hvM wewNœZ nÕ‡Z cv‡i (Avey`vD` nv/923, 928; Qnxnvn nv/318; wgkKvZ nv/979)| cÖkœ (39/319) : Ke‡i gvwU †Ìqvi mgq †Kvb †`vÔAvwU cvV Ki‡Z n‡e?

-Gm, Gg dh‡j iveŸx, wbqvgZcyi, bIMuv|DËi : Ke‡i gvwU †Ìqvi mg‡q cwVZe¨ †Kvb †`vÔAv nv`x‡Q ewY©Z nqwb| myZivs †Kej wemwgj−vn ejvB h‡_ó (Avj-gvIm~ÔAvZzj wdK¡wnqv 8/92)| G mgq Ôwgbnv LvjvK¡bv-Kzg Iqv dxnv byÔC yKzg Iqv wgbnv byLwiRyKzg Zv-ivZvb DLivÕ (†Z¡vqvnv 20/55) covi e¨vcv‡i ewY©Z †`vÔAvwUi mb` Rvj (Avngv` nv/22241; ZvjLxQ c„t 102; Avjevbx, AvnKvgyj Rvbv‡qh 1/153, UxKv `ªt, gvmAvjv bs 106 `ªt)| Abyiƒcfv‡e Avjv-û¤§v AvwRinv wgbvk kvqZ¡v-wb Iqv wgb ÔAvhv-wej K¡ve‡i... covi †Kvb Qnxn wfwË †bB (Beby gvRvn nv/1553, mb` hCd)|

cÖkœ (40/320) : K‡ivbv fvBiv‡mi Kvi‡Y avivevwnKfv‡e RygÔAvi QvjvZ cwiZ¨vM Ki‡Z n‡”Q| GgZve ’vq gmwR‡ì cwie‡Z© evwo‡Z ev gnj−vq RygÔAv Kv‡qg Kiv hv‡e wK?

-Aveyj evkvi, bI`vcvov, ivRkvnx|DËi : kviC Ih‡ii Kvi‡Y RygÔAvi cwie‡Z© evwo‡Z RvgvÔAv‡Z †hvn‡ii QvjvZ Av`vq Kiv hvq| ivm~j (Qvt) e‡jb, †h e¨w³ gyqvhwh‡bi Avhvb ï‡b‡Q Ges †Kvb Ihi ev Amyweav Zv‡K Zvi AbymiY Ki‡Z evav †`qwb, Zvi Av`vqK…Z QvjvZ Avj−vn Keyj Ki‡eb bv (Ave~`vE` nv/551; wgkKvZ nv/1077; QnxûZ ZviMxe nv/426)| Avi fq-fxwZ ev Amy ’Zv I gnvgvix Qwo‡q cov GKwU eo Ihi| †mRb¨ evwo‡Z QvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡e| ivm~j (Qvt) cÖPÊ e„wói Kvi‡Y RygÔAv iwnZ K‡i evwo‡Z †hvn‡ii QvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡Z wb‡`©k w`‡qwQ‡jb (eyLvix nv/901; gymwjg nv/699)| Z‡e eZ©gvb cwiw ’wZ‡Z evwo‡Z RygÔAv Kv‡qg Kivi e¨vcv‡i weØvb‡ì g‡a¨ gZ‡f` cwijw¶Z nq| GK`j weØv‡bi g‡Z, RygÔAvi Qvjv‡Zi Rb¨ †Kej RvgvÔAvZ kZ©| GRb¨ gmwR` ev wba©vwiZ msL¨K gyQj−x kZ© bq (Beby Kz`vgv, Avj-gyMbx 2/246-48; Beby nvhg, Avj-gynvj−v 3/250; kvIKvbx, Avm-mvqjyj Rvi©vi 182 c„.)| myZivs we‡kl IhiekZ Kgc‡¶ yÕRb gyQj−x _vK‡j GKRb Lyrev cv‡Vi gva¨‡g evwo‡Z RygÔAv Kv‡qg Kiv hv‡e| †hgb evniv‡qbevmxi cÖwZ GK wjwLZ digv‡b Igi (ivt) e‡jb, Ô†Zvgiv †hLv‡bB _vK, RygÔAv Av`vq KiÕ (gyQvbœvd Beby Avex kvqevn, Avjevbx, BiIqv nv/599, dvrûj evix nv/892-Gi Av‡jvPbv `ªóe¨, QvjvZzi ivm~j 190-92 c„.)| GQvov GKwU MÖv‡g ev gnj−vq me©wb¤œ wZbRb e¨w³ _vK‡jB RygÔAv Kv‡qg Kiv hv‡e| Z‡e kZ© nÕj Lyrev Ges RvgvÔAvZ nÕ‡Z n‡e (Beby Zvqwgqvn, Avj-BLwZqvivZ 2/86; dvZvIqv jvRbv `v‡qgvn 8/210, 263; DQvqgxb, b~i“b ÔAvjv` `vie 188/39)| Z‡e mgKvjxb AwaKvsk weØv‡bi g‡Z, GgZve¯’vq evwo‡Z evwo‡Z mvgwqK RygÔAv Kv‡qg Kiv wm× n‡e bv| †Kbbv RygÔAv mvaviY RvgvÔAv‡Zi gZ bq| G‡Z RygÔAvi g~j Zvrch© e¨vnZ n‡e Ges Gi we‡klZ¡ bó n‡e| GRb¨ ivm~j (Qvt) RygÔAvi w`b e„wói Kvi‡Y evwo‡Z †hvn‡ii QvjvZ Av`v‡qi wb‡ ©k w`‡qwQ‡jb, RygÔAvi wb‡`©k †`bwb| myZivs gnvgvixi Kvi‡Y gmwR‡` †h‡Z bv cvi‡j evwo‡Z †hvn‡ii QvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡e Ges G‡ZB †m RygÔAvi QIqve †c‡q hv‡e (eyLvix nv/2996; dvZvIqv jvRbv `v‡qgv 8/196)| GB gZwUB AwaKZi MÖnY‡hvM¨| Z‡e †KD evwo‡Z RygÔAv co‡j Zv Av`vq n‡q hv‡e BbkvAvj−vn| D‡j−L¨, Ô†h e¨w³ AjmZv K‡i (webv Kvi‡Y) cici wZbwU RygÔAv Z¨vM K‡i, gnvb Avj−vn Zvi Aš—‡i †gvni †g‡i †`bÕ (Ave~`vD` nv/1052; wZiwghx nv/500; Beby gvRvn nv/1126) g‡g© ewY©Z nv`xQwU eZ©gvb Ae ’vq cÖ‡hvR¨ bq| †Kbbv eZ©gv‡b kviC Ihi we`¨gvb|

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