astrology, chakras , & the seven rays

8/3/2019 Astrology, Chakras , & the Seven Rays

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/astrology-chakras-the-seven-rays 1/22

C]P\HNHIZ. MBCF\C] . ' PBD ]DWDO \CZ]

UC\P HOD1 PBD MDNPJM M\H]]

Pbd ]dwdo \cz} Ph`cz ~ yyy/}dwdo|cz}ph`cz/mhk

Btkco} c|d pbd u|h`tmp hg pb|dd njgd+ijwjoi dod|ijd}/ Pbd uh}jpjwd kcnd ih` gh|md g|hk pbd

}pc|} jo ht| bdcwdo} |dcmp} ho pbd gdkcnd ih``d}} gh|k hg pbd uncodp Dc|pb ldodcpb ht| gddp phu|h`tmd c mho}mjht}od}} dod|iz gjdn` pbcp j} gjodnz ptod` joph pbd }hnc| }z}pdk )lh`z hg ih`)

pb|htib pbd cidomz hg pbd mho}pcop |ditnc| khwdkdop hg pbd ]to ~ pbd p|td }zklhn hg kco)}

ldjoiod}}/

Pbd jo`jwj`tcn Btkco ldjoi j} hg hod \cz. co` hod \cz honz/ Pbd uc|p hg pbd jo`jwj`tcn pbcp

|dncpd} ph pbdj| \cz j} pbd Bjibd| ]dng. ybjmb jo pt|o |dncpd} ph c Btkco)} p|td Khoc`jm

drj}pdomd. ybjmb j} honz }tladmp ph c pb|ddghn` |cpbd| pbco }dwdoghn` mnc}}jgjmcpjho/ Jo pbd

jkcid hg pbj} Bjibd| ]dng j} pbd Ud|}hocnjpz. ybjmb |dncpd} ohp ph c \cz ltp ph c Uncod pb|htib

jp} jopjkcpd mhoodmpjho ph gh|k/ C}p|hnhijmcnnz. pbd njgd jkutn}d hg c Btkco j} }bhyo lz pbd

]to)} ocpcn uh}jpjho. pbd mho}mjht}od}} pzud lz pbd C}mdo`cop. co` pbd gh|k c}udmp lz pbd

ocpcn Khho/

Pbd ]to )mhop|hn}) ht| mho}mjht} |d}uho}d ph ht| ocpt|cn dowj|hokdop pb|htib pbd lhto`c|z hg

ht| }do}h|z ud|mdupjho}. co` |ditncpd} ht| gh|k pb|htib pbd cidomz hg ht| hyo uncodp)}

}cpdnnjpd. pbd Khho/ Pbj} phpcn dowj|hokdop hg c ud|}ho j} lhto`d` honz lz pbdj| }do}h|z

ud|mdupjho}. }h pbd }jio} hg pbd qh`jcm bcwd lddo t}d` ph }dp pbj} njkjp/ Pbd u|hi|d}} hg pbd ]to

pb|htib pbd }jio} `dkho}p|cpd} co jo`jwj`tcn)} mho}mjht} jopd|cmpjho yjpb bj} dowj|hokdop

pb|htib cnn jp} ubc}d}. ybdpbd| jp |dncpd} at}p ph bjk}dng. ph bj} mnh}d }t||hto`joi} co`

uh}}d}}jho}. ph bj} gckjnz. bj} g|jdo`}. bj} }pcpt}. h| pbd |d}p hg Btkcojpz/ Pbj} j} ldmct}d pbd

]to. jo pbj} jo}pcomd. j} pbd ut|wdzh| hg pbd ]dmho` U|jkc|z. pbd uc}}jhocpd cpp|cmpjho pbcp

u|h`tmd} pbd mho}mjht} hladmpjwjpz hg c Btkco ldjoi g|hk bj} }t||hto`joi}/

Pbd qh`jcm }jio}. jo pbdj| |hnd c} pbd h|jijocn M|dcpjwd Bjd|c|mbjd}. c|d |d}uho}jlnd gh| pbd

p|co}kj}}jho hg wc|jht} \cz stcnjpjd} c} pbd ]to. Khho co` uncodp} uc}} pb|htib pbdk6 co`

pbd uncodp} t}d pbd}d \cz stcnjpjd} jo pbdj| hyo tojstd ycz} ph cggdmp pbd jobcljpcop} hg

Dc|pb pb|htib uncodpc|z jogntdomd/

C bh|h}mhud j} c kcu hg pbd coind} hg c uc|pjmtnc| uncmd co` pjkd. co` `dkho}p|cpd} pbd

tojstd coitnc| jogntdomd} hud|cpjoi cp dcmb uhjop ho pbd }t|gcmd hg pbd Dc|pb/ Cozpbjoi

m|dcpd` cp pbcp uncmd co` cp pbcp pjkd yjnn c}}tkd pbcp jo`jwj`tcn coitnc| ucppd|o gh| pbd

ybhnd hg jp} ocpt|cn drj}pdomd/

Pbj} j} ldmct}d pbd bh|h}mhud }zklhnj}d} co coitnc| gh|k pbcp bc} lddo mho}p|tmpd` lz pbd

khwdkdop hg pbd uncodp} pb|htib pbd dod|iz gjdn`} hg pbd qh`jcm1 ltp pbd |dc}ho jp |dncpd} ph c

njwjoi ud|}ho j} pb|htib pbd cidomz hg pbd ]to/ Yjpbhtp pbd ]to. pbd gh|k ltjnp g|hk coind}

yhtn` ohp bcwd pbd cljnjpz ph drud|jdomd btkco njgd c} yd fohy jp. ldmct}d pbd ]to }jiojgjd}

pbd jo`jwj`tcnj}d` mho}mjht}od}} c}udmp. pbd d}}dopjcn joi|d`jdop ph u|h`tmd jopdnnjidop njgd htp

hg co coitnc| }p|tmpt|d/

Cp pbd khkdop hg lj|pb. pbd C}mdo`cop ldmhkd} jo}p|tkdopcn jo u|hwj`joi pbd uhpdopjcn

mho}mjht}od}} cyc|dod}} gh| pbd ]to ph t}d jo jp} u|hi|d}}jwd ucpb c|hto` pbd qh`jcm }jio} c}jp ltjn`} jp} mcucljnjpjd} hg jo`jwj`tcnj}cpjho/ Jp j} pbd coind} hg pbd C}mdo`cop pbcp u|h`tmd pbd

]dmho` U|jkc|z mho}mjht}od}} jojpjcnj}d` lz pbd ]to. co` pbd uncodp} ltjn` pbd gh|k lz

u|hwj`joi pbd Pbj|` U|jkc|z/

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Btkco ldjoi} |dcmp yjpb uncodpc|z co` qh`jcmcn jogntdomd pb|htib pbd }dwdo kcah| mbcf|c}

h| mdop|d}. ybjmb c|d dod|iz wh|pdrd} pbcp |dncpd ph uhjop} ho pbd Btkco }ujocn mhntko co`

drj}p ho otkd|ht} ndwdn} clhwd ht| oh|kcn ubz}jmcn |dcnjpz co` cyc|dod}}/

Pbd mbcf|c} `h ohp |dncpd ph pbd dod|ijd} c}}hmjcpd` yjpb pbd c}p|hnhijmcn uncodp}/ Pbd uncodp}

cmp c} mdop|d} jo pbd lh`z hg }hnc| }z}pdk. co` pbdj| jogntdomd ho Dc|pb co` jp} jobcljpcop} j}

c }dmho`c|z uc|p hg pbj} u|hmd}}/

Pbd dod|iz pbcp yh|f} pb|htib pbd mbcf|c} j} \cz dod|iz. co` lz c}}jiojoi pbd mbcf|c} ph

}zklhnjm uhjop} ho pbd bh|h}mhud. yd mco cuu|dmjcpd bhy pbd dod|ijd} hg pbd \cz} yh|f joph

pbd njgd hg c btkco ldjoi/ @jci|ck = jnnt}p|cpd} c }jkunjgjd` gh|k hg pbd bh|h}mhud mj|mnd. pbd

Mdnpjm M|h}}/

Pbd ght| kcah| uhjop} ho pbd bh|h}mhud1 pbd C}mdo`cop co` jp} huuh}jpd. pbd @d}mdo`cop6 co`

pbd Kj`bdcwdo h| K/M/ co` jp} huuh}jpd pbd J/M/. c|d pbd uhjop} ybjmb ahjo pbd dstcn c|kd`

m|h}} ph pbdj| domnh}joi mj|mnd/ Pbdz cn}h |dncpd ph ght| hg pbd kcjo mbcf|c} hg c btkco ldjoi.

pbd Bdc`. Bdc|p. ]hnc| Undrt} co` ]dr Mdop|d}/

Pbd }zklhn hg pbd Mdnpjm M|h}} bc} kcoz jopd|u|dpcpjho}. co` jo pbj} jo}pcomd mco ld t}d` ph}bhy bhy pbd dod|ijd} hg pbd }pc|}. uncodp} co` pbd ]to c|d jopdi|cpd` joph pbd Dc|pb)} hyo

uncodpc|z dod|iz }z}pdk pb|htib pbd mc|`jocn mhkuc}} uhjop}/



Pbd C}mdo`cop j} pbd dc}pd|o uhjop ho pbd bh|jqho co` j} pbd icpdycz gh| njgd dod|ijd} mhkjoi

g|hk pbd qh`jcmcn ldnp hg }pc| }z}pdk}/ Jp j} pbd}d dod|ijd} ybjmb u|h`tmd njgd g|hk pbd

mbdkjmcn dndkdop} hg ht| uncodp Dc|pb. co` }h pbd C}mdo`cop ujouhjop} pbd uh}jpjho jo lhpb

}ucmd co` pjkd ybd|d pbd gh|k j} jo}pjnnd` yjpb pbd njgd+gh|md ph u|h`tmd c mho}mjht} |d}uho}d1

pbd `cyo hg c ody njgd }jiojgjd` lz pbd ]dmho` U|jkc|z hg Mho}mjht} Cyc|dod}}/

Pbd Kj`bdcwdo h| K/M/ j} }jptcpd` `j|dmpnz clhwd pbd lj|pbuncmd co` pbd uhjop hg dop|z hg pbd

Gj|}p U|jkc|z hg Njgd+gh|md. ybjmb bcuudo} cp mhomdupjho/ Pbd K/M/ cn}h |dncpd} ph pbd ]drMdop|d. ybjmb hlwjht}nz pjd} jo yjpb mhomdupjho. c} ydnn c} pbd }tud|mho}mjht}. ybjmb j} co

c`dstcpd `d}m|jupjho hg pbd jomc|ocpjoi dih/ Jo c }jkjnc| ycz. pbd C}mdo`cop |dncpd} ph pbd

Bdc` Mdop|d. ybjmb pjd} jo yjpb pbd odylh|o mbjn`)} gj|}p drud|jdomd hg dc|pblhto`

mho}mjht}od}}/

Pbd K/M/ j} jo}p|tkdopcn jo mhomdupjho. lz jo}pjicpjoi pbd gh|k ltjn`joi cmpjwjpjd} hg pbd

uncodp} ldmct}d pbd K/M/ coind mhoodmp} c Btkco ldjoi ph bj} hyo dpd|ocn |dcnjpz pbcp

`dmj`d} pbd |dstj|dkdop} gh| bj} gtpt|d njgd/ Pbd uncodp} kcz ld pbd Nh|`} hg Fc|kc. ltp

fc|kc j} honz kdpd|d` htp cmmh|`joi ph pbd odd`} hg pbd Bjibd| ]dng. ybjmb j} `dmj`d` lz bj}

Khoc` jo mhoatompjho yjpb pbd Fc|kjm Nh|`} h| uncodp} ldgh|d bd j} mhomdjwd`/ Pbdo c

}zklhnjm unco j} u|h`tmd` }h pbcp ybdo pbd uncodp)} uh}jpjho} gjp pbcp unco. pbd }htn j} lh|o

joph pbd yh|n`/

Honz ght| mdop|d} c|d }bhyo ho pbd bh|h}mhud ldmct}d mhowdopjhocn c}p|hnhiz `dcn} yjpb pyh+

`jkdo}jhocn }ucmd/ Jg pbd bh|h}mhud j} wjdyd` c} c inhld. pbdo pyh kh|d mdop|d} c|d }bhyo.

clhwd co` ldnhy pbd kj``nd uhjop hg pbd mj|mnd/ Pbd}d pyh mdop|d} c|d pbd hpbd| bdc` mdop|d.

pbd M|hyo. co` pbd Lc}d Mdop|d cp pbd lc}d hg pbd }ujod/ Pbd gjocn kcah| mdop|d j} }bhyo lz

pbd mdop|cn `hp hg pbd bh|h}mhud mj|mnd. ybjmb j} pbd Pb|hcp Mdop|d h| @ccpb jo stcllcnj}pjm

pd|k}. pbd p|co}jpjhocn uhjop ldpyddo )yh|n`})/ Jo pbj} ycz. pbd mdop|cn `hp hg pbd bh|h}mhud h|

Mdnpjm M|h}} mco ld wjdyd` c} pbd crj} hg c pb|dd `jkdo}jhocn mj|mnd h| inhld. hod mbcf|c

uncmd` clhwd pbd uhjop. hod uncmd` ldnhy co` hod mdop|cnnz uncmd`/

Honz pbd ght| mdop|d} }bhyo ho c oh|kcn bh|h}mhud c|d }tladmp ph uncodpc|z jogntdomd/ Pbd

pb|dd mdop|cn mbcf|c} `h ohp gtompjho hladmpjwdnz. ltp |dstj|d c}}hmjcpjho yjpb hod hg pbd hpbd|

ght| mdop|d}. t}tcnnz pbd Bdc` Mdop|d. gh| t} ph ld cyc|d hg pbdj| jogntdomd/

]h jo c pyh+`jkdo}jhocn `|cyjoi hg c oh|kcn bh|h}mhud mj|mnd. pbd mdop|cn uhjop yjnn |du|d}dop

pb|dd hg pbd}d mdop|d}. co` pbd `jggd|domd j} honz wj}jlnd ho c pb|dd `jkdo}jhocn inhld h| g|hk c

`jggd|dop pyh+`jkdo}jhocn ud|}udmpjwd/

Ph gtnnz to`d|}pco` pbd |dndwcomd hg pbd Mdnpjm M|h}} ph d}hpd|jm c}p|hnhiz yd bcwd ph }pt`z jppb|dd `jkdo}jhocnnz c} c }ubd|d. lz c}}tkjoi jp j} gh|kd` g|hk pb|dd mj|mnd}/ Hod ahjo} pbd

C}mdo`cop co` @d}mdo`cop + pbd lntd njod ho pbd bh|h}mhud jo @JCI\CK =. co` pbj} j} mcnnd`

pbd Njod hg Cyc|dod}}/ Hod ahjo} pbd K/M/ ph pbd J/M/. pbd |d` njod jo @JCI\CK =6 pbj} j} pbd

Njod hg Whnjpjho/ Pbd nc}p j} pbd mhowdopjhocn mj|mtnc| gh|k hg pbd bh|h}mhud. pbd zdnnhy njod jo

@JCI\CK =. pbd ucpb yd c}}tkd pbd ]to co` uncodp} p|cwdn pb|htib pbd }jio} hg pbd qh`jcm/

Pbj} mj|mnd |du|d}dop} pbd Njod hg Gh|k/

Pcfjoi pbd j`dc hod }pcid gt|pbd|. co` |dkdkld|joi pbd pyh njod} hg pbd m|h}} |du|d}dop pbd

mj|mtkgd|domd} hg drp|c mj|mnd}. pbdo pbd njod ahjojoi pbd C}mdo`cop ph pbd @d}mdo`cop |dncpd}

ph pbd ]dmho` U|jkc|z. pbd njod ahjojoi pbd K/M/ ph pbd J/M/ |dncpd} ph pbd Gj|}p U|jkc|z.

ndcwjoi pbd cmptcn bh|h}mhud mj|mnd hg }jio} co` bht}d} c} pbd Pbj|` U|jkc|z/

Pbj} jnnt}p|cpd} bhy pbd t}tcn bh|h}mhud mj|mnd hg qh`jcm }jio} |du|d}dop} pbd dwd|+mbcoijoi

gh|k hg Pbj|` U|jkc|z njgd dowj|hokdop}. ybjmb cggdmp lhpb pbd wc|jdpz hg Btkco mho`jpjho} hg



mho}mjht}od}}. c} ydnn c} pbd gntmptcpjoi mho`jpjho hg pbd whnjpjho h| yjnn/ Pbj} j} kc`d uh}}jlnd

ldmct}d pbd ]dmho` U|jkc|z C]M(@D]M crj} co` pbd Gj|}p U|jkc|z K/M/(J/M/ crj} u|hi|d}} cp

co dstcn |cpd pb|htib pbd}d =75 `di|dd} dwd|z `cz/

Jo c``jpjho. lz wjdyjoi pbd gjit|d c} c }ubd|d yd c|d clnd ph }dd bhy pbd}d pb|dd crd} |dncpd ph

dcmb hpbd|/ Lhpb pbd Njod hg Cyc|dod}} co` pbd Njod hg Whnjpjho mhoodmp pbd M|hyo Mdop|d ph

pbd Lc}d Mdop|d. ltp d}hpd|jmcnnz whnjpjho mho}j}p} hg uh}jpjwd dod|iz co` pbd|dgh|d uc}}d}

pb|htib pbd ]dr co` ]hnc| Undrt} Mdop|d}. ybd|dc} cyc|dod}} j} mho}j`d|d` odicpjwd dod|izco` pbj} uc}}d} pb|htib pbd Bdc` co` Bdc|p Mdop|d}/ Pbd jopd|cmpjho hg pbd}d pyh. c}

|du|d}dopcpjwd} hg pbd Gj|}p co` ]dmho` U|jkc|jd}. u|h`tmd} pbd lcncomd` dod|iz hg gh|k

pb|htib pbd Ud|}hocnjpz. |du|d}dopjoi pbd Pbj|` U|jkc|z. ybjmb mhoodmp} pbd ght| mdop|d} yd

c|d idod|cnnz cyc|d hg pb|htib ht| oh|kcn }do}d}/

Pbd jopd|cmpjho hg pbd pb|dd U|jkc|z dod|ijd} yh|f pb|htib pbd}d ght| kcah| mdop|d} c} pbdz

|du|d}dop m|h}}joi uhjop} hg coind}/ Pbd bh|jqhopcn crj} ijwd} gh|k ph mho}mjht} pbhtibp

ucppd|o} cp pbd C}mdo`cop wjc pbd Bdc` Mdop|d6 co` ph tomho}mjht} dkhpjhocn ucppd|o} cp pbd

@d}mdo`cop. pbd Bdc|p Mdop|d/ Pbd wd|pjmcn crj} u|h`tmd} `jggd|dop pzud} hg gh|k cmpjwjpz.

jo}uj|d` lz pbd }tlmho}mjht} co` jo}pjomptcn `d}j|d} cp pbd J/M/. wjc pbd ]hnc| Undrt} Mdop|d6

h| jo}uj|d` lz yh|n`nz `|jwd} ph }tmmdd` cp pbd K/M/. wjc pbd ]dr Mdop|d/

Dcmb mdop|d }pco`} cp pbd uhjop ybd|d pbd mj|mtkgd|domd hg pyh hg pbd pb|dd mj|mnd} jopd|}dmp.

drmdup pbd Pb|hcp Mdop|d. ybjmb hmmtujd} c uhjop pbcp mhtn` ld mho}j`d|d` c} pbd mhoodmpjho

uhjop hg pbd mj|mtkgd|domd} hg gt|pbd| mj|mnd} h| inhld} jo }duc|cpd h| `jggd|dop |dcnjpjd}. c} ydnn

c} ldjoi pbd mdop|d uhjop hg pbd mj|mnd} hg Whnjpjho. Gh|k co` Cyc|dod}}/ Pclnd L

`dkho}p|cpd} bhy pbd}d pb|dd mj|mnd} mco jopd|cmp pb|htib pbd}d mdop|d}/

BH\H]MHUD

UH]JPJHO MBCF\C \CZ

MHOODMPJHO

UHJOP

C}mdo`cop Bdc` Mdop|d ]dmho` \czNjod} Hg Cyc|dod}}

co` Gh|k

@d}mdo`cop Bdc|p Mdop|d Ght|pb \cz Njod} Hg Cyc|dod}}

co` Gh|k

K/M/ ]dr Mdop|d ]jrpb \cz Njod} Hg Whnjpjho co`

Gh|k

J/M/ ]hnc| Undrt}

Mdop|d Gjgpb \cz

Njod} Hg Whnjpjho co`

Gh|k

Clhwd Mdop|d M|hyo Mdop|d Gj|}p \cz Njod} Hg Cyc|dod}}

co` Whnjpjho

Mdop|cn Uhjop Pb|hcp Mdop|d Pbj|` \cz Uhjop Hg H|jijo hg

Dcmb Njod

Ldnhy Mdop|d Lc}d Mdop|d ]dwdopb \cz Njod} Hg Cyc|dod}}

co` Whnjpjho



Coz mdop|d mco yh|f yjpb coz \cz dod|iz ltp dcmb mdop|d yjnn bcwd c }p|hoi cggjojpz yjpb c

uc|pjmtnc| \cz/ Pbj} j} ldmct}d dcmb mdop|d yh|f} yjpb c uc|pjmtnc| g|dstdomz |coid pbcp

doclnd} jp ph cmmd}} `jggd|dop ndwdn} hg cyc|dod}}. ijwjoi jp pbd cljnjpz ph mhowd|p \cz dod|iz ph

cmpjwcpd coind} jo kcoz `jggd|dop c|dc} hg pbd u}zmbd/ ]h cnpbhtib pbd Bdc` Mdop|d gh|

drckund j} c}}hmjcpd` yjpb ]dmho` \cz dod|iz. jp mco t}d coz \cz. ltp jp yjnn t}d jp jo }tmb c

ycz c} ph cggdmp pbd mho}mjht}od}} c}udmp hg pbd jo`jwj`tcn jo std}pjho. ldmct}d pbd ]dmho`

\cz `dcn} kcjonz yjpb c ud|}ho)} mho`jpjho co` stcnjpz hg mho}mjht}od}}/ Pbd \cz} yh|f jo

kcoz `jggd|dop ycz} `dudo`joi ho bhy pbdz c|d wjdyd`. }h undc}d ldc| pbj} jo kjo` ybdomho}j`d|joi pbd ghnnhyjoi mh||d}uho`domd}1

pbd M\HYO MDOP\D yh|f} yjpb Gj|}p \cz dod|iz.

pbd BDC@ MDOP\D yh|f} yjpb ]dmho` \cz dod|iz.

pbd PB\HCP MDOP\D yh|f} yjpb Pbj|` \cz dod|iz.

pbd BDC\P MDOP\D yh|f} yjpb Ght|pb \cz dod|iz.

pbd ]HNC\ UNDRT] MDOP\D yh|f} yjpb Gjgpb \cz dod|iz.

pbd ]DR MDOP\D yh|f} yjpb ]jrpb \cz dod|iz.

pbd LC]D MDOP\D yh|f} yjpb ]dwdopb \cz dod|iz/

Lz p|co}uh}joi pbj} ph c bh|h}mhud + yd bcwd ]dmho` \cz dod|iz cp pbd Bdc` Mdop|d yh|fjoi

pb|htib pbd C}mdo`cop6 Gjgpb \cz dod|iz cp pbd ]hnc| Undrt} Mdop|d yh|fjoi pb|htib pbd J/M/6Ght|pb \cz dod|iz cp pbd Bdc|p Mdop|d. yh|fjoi pb|htib pbd @d}mdo`cop. co` ]jrpb \cz

dod|iz cp pbd ]dr Mdop|d. yh|fjoi pb|htib pbd K/M/

Pbd mhkunjmcpjho} c|j}d ybdo mho}j`d|joi pbd jogntdomd} pbcp yh|f ocpt|cnnz pb|htib pbd

pb|dd bj``do mdop|d} |du|d}dopd` lz pbd mdop|cn `hp hg pbd bh|h}mhud. c} pbd}d jogntdomd}

h|jijocpd yjpb pbd U|jkc|z \cz}. ybjmb bcwd c }duc|cpd drj}pdomd ph pbd ]dwdo \cz}1

pbd Gj|}p U|jkc|z. cmpjoi c} pbd Gj|}p \cz. yh|f} pb|htib pbd

M|hyo Mdop|d6

pbd ]dmho` U|jkc|z. cmpjoi c} pbd Pbj|` \cz. yh|f} pb|htib pbd

Pb|hcp Mdop|d6

pbd Pbj|` U|jkc|z. cmpjoi c} pbd ]dwdopb \cz. yh|f} pb|htib pbd

Lc}d Mdop|d/



UC\P PYH1 UNCODP]. ]JIO] ' C]UDMP]

Pbd qh`jcm }jio} drj}p ho pbd ght| nhyd| }tl+uncod} hg pbd Kdopcn Uncod mh||d}uho`joi ph pbd

ght| dndkdop}. Gj|d. Cj|. Ycpd| co` Dc|pb/ Pbd bjibd| pb|dd }tl+uncod} bcwd phh }tlpnd co

jogntdomd ph mct}d coz |d}uho}d `j|dmpnz jo btkco}. drmdup pb|htib pbd kd`jtk hg pbd nhyd|

ght| }tl+uncod}/ Jo}pdc`. pbdz yh|f c} pbd Mc|`jocn. Gjrd` co` Ktpclnd p|junjmjpjd} hg pbd

qh`jcm. ybjmb mhnht| pbd}d nhyd| ght| }tl+uncod}/ Pbj} gtompjho} pb|htib pbd c}p|hnhijmcn}z}pdk hg Mc|`jocn Gj|d jo C|jd}. Gjrd` Gj|d jo Ndh co` Ktpclnd Gj|d jo ]cijppc|jt}.

|du|d}dopjoi pbd bjibd| pb|dd }tl+uncod} yh|fjoi pb|htib pbd ght|pb }tl+uncod hg Gj|d. co` }h

ho/

Pbj} cn|dc`z ijwd} c `dgjojpd |dncpjho}bju ldpyddo c}p|hnhiz co` pbd ]dwdo \cz}. lz }czjoi

pbcp c} C|jd} j} c Mc|`jocn Gj|d }jio jp drbjljp} stcnjpjd} hg pbd Gj|}p co` Ght|pb \cz}/ Pbj}

`hd}o)p cnpd| ybcp yd fohy hg ph ld pzujmcn C|jd} jogntdomd}6 jp at}p bdnu} t} ph to`d|}pco`

pbd}d jogntdomd} jo c ody ycz/

Pbd ]to)} cootcn aht|odz pb|htib pbd qh`jcm }jio} `dkho}p|cpd} pbd pydnwd `jwj}jho} hg pbdjo`jwj`tcn)} mho}mjht} cyc|dod}}/ Btkco mho}mjht}od}} j} mdop|d` u|jkc|jnz ho pbd Gjgpb ndwdn

h| Kdopcn Uncod. co` c ud|}ho)} ocpt|cn mho`jpjho hg mho}mjht}od}} j} }bhyo lz pbd uncmjoi hg

pbd ]to cp lj|pb. ybjmb j} c`at}pd` lz pbd uh}jpjho hg pbd uncodp} co` ud|}hocn uhjop} pb|htib

pbd qh`jcm }jio}/

Co jo`jwj`tcn)} ]to }jio yjnn }bhy bhy bd h| }bd yjnn ocpt|cnnz |d}uho` jo c mho}mjht} ycz ph

pbd wc|jdpz hg njgd drud|jdomd} c} jo`jmcpd` lz lhpb pbd }jio)} stcnjpz co` dndkdop/ Pbd gcmp

pbcp c uc|pjmtnc| \cz yjnn ld yh|fjoi pb|htib pbd ]to }jio yjnn ohp mbcoid cozpbjoi clhtp

ybcp yd cn|dc`z fohy hg pbd ]to }jio jogntdomd. cnpbhtib jp kcz bdnu t} ph to`d|}pco` jp

ldppd|/ Jp `hd} bdnu ph }dd bhy wc|jht} \cz dod|ijd} kcz ld }p|hoid| pbco hpbd|} jo c

bh|h}mhud ldmct}d hg pbd }jio} hmmtujd` yjpb uncodp} co` ud|}hocn uhjop}/ Jo uc|pjmtnc|.ld}j`d} pbd ]to }jio. pbd \cz} yh|fjoi pb|htib pbd C}mdo`cop. K/M/ co` Khho }jio yjnn ld hg

}udmjcn jopd|d}p/

Jo PCLND =. zht bcwd pbd |dncpjho}bju ldpyddo pbd \cz} co` qh`jcm }jio}. co` cnpbhtib jp j}

cp wc|jcomd yjpb pbd d}pclnj}bd` mh||d}uho`domd}. J bcwd t}d` co` pd}pd` pbj} jogh|kcpjho gh|

kcoz zdc|} co` ghto` jp drp|dkdnz bdnugtn/ Pbd jkuh|pcop uhjop j} pbcp pbd |dndwcop }p|doipb

hg coz }jio jo c bh|h}mhud bc} oh }jiojgjmcomd jo pbd `dpd|kjocpjho hg pbd jo`jwj`tcn)} \cz

pzud/



]JIO \CZ DNDKDOP STCNJPZ

C|jd} 3}p \cz Gj|d Mc|`jocn

Pct|t} <o` \cz Dc|pb Gjrd`

Idkjoj =|` \cz Cj| Ktpclnd

Mcomd| 0pb \cz Ycpd| Mc|`jocn

Ndh 3}p \cz Gj|d Gjrd`

Wj|ih <o` \cz Dc|pb Ktpclnd

Njl|c 4pb \cz Cj| Mc|`jocn

]mh|ujh 7pb \cz Ycpd| Gjrd`

]cijppc|jt} =|` \cz Gj|d Ktpclnd

Mcu|jmh|o 9pb \cz Dc|pb Mc|`jocn

Cstc|jt} 4pb \cz Cj| Gjrd`

Uj}md} 7pb \cz Ycpd| Ktpclnd

Zht yjnn ohpjmd pbcp gjwd hg pbd \cz} |dncpd ph pyh }jio}. ybjmb }bhy} `jggd|dop c}udmp} h|

stcnjpjd} hg pbd \cz}/ Pbd pyh \cz} pbcp |dncpd ph at}p hod }jio. pbd Ght|pb co` ]dwdo \cz}.`h ohp bcwd pbd}d `jggd|dop stcnjpjd}. kd|dnz ldmct}d hg pbdj| ocpt|cn gtompjho} hg njofjoi co`

jo`dudo`domd. ybjmb ijwd} c mntd ph pbd `dkho}p|cpjho hg pbd}d \cz} jo jo`jwj`tcn}/

Pbd|d c|d }hkd jopd|d}pjoi hl}d|wcpjho} ph pbd}d mh||d}uho`domd} pbcp yjnn pcfd ho c `ddud|

kdcojoi ybdo pbdz c|d }pt`jd` jo `dupb/ Gh| drckund. pbd Gj|}p co` ]dmho` \cz}. |dncpd`

pb|htib pbdj| U|jkc|jd} ph pbd stcnjpjd} hg Mc|`jocn co` Gjrd`. c|d }pjnn `jckdp|jmcnnz huuh}d 1̀

pbd pyh Gj|}p \cz }jio} ldjoi Mc|`jocn Gj|d co` Gjrd` Gj|d mhkuc|d` ph pbd pyh ]dmho` \cz

}jio} ldjoi Gjrd` Dc|pb co` Ktpclnd Dc|pb/ Lhpb pbd Ght|pb \cz co` ]dwdopb \cz} bcwd c

}joind Mc|`jocn }jio. Dc|pb c} yhtn` ld odmd}}c|z gh| pbd ]dwdopb \cz. co` Ycpd| gh| pbd

Ght|pb \cz. pbd dndkdop ybjmb bc} pbd u|hud|pz hg gjo`joi jp} hyo ndwdn/

Pbd Pbj|` \cz }jio} c|d lhpb Ktpclnd pb|htib pbdj| |dncpjho}bju yjpb pbd Pbj|` U|jkc|z co`

}tl}dstdop mhoodmpjho ph coind}. co` c} pbdz c|d hg Gj|d co` Cj| pbj} mhtn` ld co jo`jmcph| hg

pbd bdcp jowhnwd` jo coitnc| m|dcpjho h| `d}p|tmpjho/ Pbj} ndcwd} pbd pyh \cz} pbcp mhtn`

dc}jnz ld pd|kd` pbd kdopcn co` dkhpjhocn \cz}. co` }h pbd Gjgpb \cz j} Mc|`jocn Cj| co`

Gjrd` Cj|. co` pbd ]jrpb \cz Gjrd` Ycpd| co` Ktpclnd Ycpd|/

Pbj} |dncpjho}bju ldpyddo \cz} co` }jio} j} wd|z jkuh|pcop. ldmct}d pbd }jio} `h gtompjho c}

njof} ldpyddo \cz dod|iz h|jijocpjoi jo pbd `dupb} hg pbd tojwd|}d co` pbd jogntdomd pbj}

dod|iz bc} ho njgd c} c ybhnd yjpbjo pbd }hnc| }z}pdk/ Bhydwd| J `h ohp ycop ph ijwd pbd

jku|d}}jho pbcp t}joi oh|kcn c}p|hnhijmcn pdmbojstd} yd mco at`id pbd }p|doipb hg \cz dod|izlz njojoi tu }pc|} co` uncodp} c} pbdz uc}} pb|htib pbd }jio} hg pbd qh`jcm. h| pbcp ldmct}d c

md|pcjo \cz yh|f} pb|htib c md|pcjo }jio pbdo lhpb pbd }jio co` \cz bcwd }jkjnc| stcnjpjd}/



Cohpbd| uhjop j} pbcp cnpbhtib pbd \cz} idod|cnnz yh|f pb|htib uc|pjmtnc| qh`jcm }jio} c} }dp

htp clhwd. pbdz c|d cn}h ptod` ph c md|pcjo wjl|cpjho ybjmb doclnd} c oh|kcn uncodpc|z

jogntdomd ph cmp c} c mc||jd| ycwd gh| wc|jht} \cz dod|ijd}/ Pbd|dgh|d yd gjo` pbcp jp j}

uh}}jlnd gh| dcmb uncodpc|z lh`z ph p|co}kjp. jo c``jpjho ph jp} hyo dod|iz. djpbd| hod h| dwdo

}dwd|cn \cz} `dudo`joi ho ybdpbd| md|pcjo mhogjit|cpjho} c|d hud|cpjwd. j/d/. jg pbdz c|d uc|p

hg c uc|pjmtnc| c}udmp ucppd|o `dohpjoi c bc|khojm |dncpjho}bju ldpyddo uncodp}/ Pbj} mco

bcwd pbd |d}tnp jo cuuc|dopnz mbcoijoi pbd \cz jogntdomd yh|fjoi pb|htib c uc|pjmtnc| qh`jcm

}jio/

Uncodp} c|d coind} jo pbdj| hyo |jibp. co` gtompjho jo pyh ocpt|cn ycz}. pb|htib pbd

cmpjwcpjoi co` gh|ktncpjoi u|jomjund} dcmb uncodp p|c`jpjhocnnz |du|d}dop}. co` c}

p|co}kjppd|} hg pbd \cz dod|iz hg pbd qh`jcm }jio} pbdz hmmtuz/ Jo pbj} ycz. uncodp} c|d

`zockjm coind} pbcp cnycz} yh|f cmmh|`joi ph pbdj| jo`jwj`tcn mbc|cmpd|j}pjm u|jomjund}/

Pbd}d u|jomjund} cggdmp pbd mho}mjht}od}} pb|htib pbd qh`jcm }jio pbdz jobcljp. ldmct}d pbdz

t}d pbd mho}mjht} dod|iz hg pbd qh`jcm }jio} ph u|h`tmd coitnc| dggdmp}/

Jg zht pbjof hg pbd uncodp} c} mdop|d} jo pbd lh`z hg pbd }hnc| }z}pdk zht yjnn idp c ldppd|

to`d|}pco`joi hg pbdj| gtompjho/ Pbd \cz dod|ijd} pbdz tpjnj}d mhkd g|hk ldzho` pbd }hnc|

}z}pdk co` at}p c} dcmb ud|}ho)} mdop|d} ud|gh|k gtompjho} ho }dwd|cn nczd|} yjpbjo bj} lh`z.

}h `h pbd uncodp}/ Pbd|dgh|d. jp j} phh dc}z ph }cz c uncodp honz yh|f} yjpb pbd dod|iz hg hod

\cz/

Hlwjht}nz md|pcjo uncodp}. njfd pbd mdop|d} jo Btkco}. `h cuudc| ph drbjljp pbd stcnjpjd} hg

hod pzud hg dod|iz. ltp pbj} j} `td kh|d ph pbdj| |hnd jo pbd mhkuh}jpjho hg pbd }hnc| }z}pdk

njgd/ Pbdj| jo`jwj`tcn |hnd} c|d ohp u|dmj}d ltp pbdz `h yh|f dggjmjdopnz yjpb }hkd \cz dod|ijd}

co` jodggjmjdopnz yjpb hpbd|}1 Btkco} gddn pbd}d `jggd|domd} c} ihh` co` lc` uncodpc|z

jogntdomd}/

Dwd|z uncodp bc} jp} hyo mbc|cmpd| pbcp bc} lddo ydnn `hmtkdopd` co` pd}pd` lz yj}d kdo cnnhwd| pbd yh|n` co` pb|htib mhtopnd}} mdopt|jd}/ Yjpb pbd jop|h`tmpjho hg c `jggd|dop mhomdup

}tmb c} pbd ]dwdo \cz}. yd c|d clnd ph }cz pbcp pbd uncodp} cmp jo cmmh|` yjpb pbd \cz} jo

wc|jht} ycz}/ Ybcp c fohynd`id hg pbd \cz} mcoohp `h. j} ph mbcoid pbd kdcojoi} hg pbd

uncodp} jo co c}p|hnhijmcn mhopdrp g|hk ybcp yd cn|dc`z fohy co` bcwd t}d` }tmmd}}gtnnz joph

}hkdpbjoi dopj|dnz `jggd|dop/ ]h tond}} zht }cz pbd kdcojoi hg dcmb \cz dstcpd} drcmpnz yjpb

pbd kdcojoi hg dcmb uncodp. ybjmb j} ohp pbd mc}d. pbd pyh mhomdup} kt}p |dkcjo }duc|cpd.

co` cp ld}p bcwd md|pcjo mho`jpjhocn mh||d}uho`domd}/ Pbj} }jkund crjhk j} c ihh` itj`d ybdo

drunh|joi ody pd||jph|z/

Ybcp yd mco }cz. j} pbcp jg pbd \cz} c|d |dic|`d` c} }mcnd} hg wjl|cpjho}. c uncodp yjnn t}d jp}coind} ph kh`jgz pbd \cz dod|iz co` c`cup jp gh| dggjmjdop t}d. lz cnjiojoi jp} hyo dod|ijd}

yjpb pbh}d hg pbd uc|pjmtnc| coind jo std}pjho/ Jp pbdo cmp} c} lhpb c p|co}gh|kd| co` c

mcucmjph|. p|co}kjppjoi jp} }ph|d` dod|iz cnhoi pbd coitnc| mhoodmpjho} jp kcfd} yjpb hpbd|

uncodp}/ Pbd honz ohpjmdclnd `jggd|domd pbj} yjnn kcfd ph pbd p|c`jpjhocn uncodp)} jogntdomd yjnn

ld pb|htib jp} }p|doipb. stcnjpz h| c|dc hg jogntdomd/

Cnpbhtib pbd uncodpc|z dod|iz yd gddn ho Dc|pb j} `d|jwd` g|hk pbd ]dwdo \cz}. pbd p|td \cz

jogntdomd} yd c|d cggdmpd` lz c|d pbh}d pbcp kcojgd}p pb|htib pbd c}udmp} ldpyddo uncodp}

co` pbd ud|}hocn uhjop} jo pbd qh`jcm/ Pbd}d c|d bjibd| kcojgd}pcpjho} hg coind}. co`

jogntdomd Btkcojpz pb|htib bc|khojm |d}hocomd6 jo hpbd| yh|`}. btkco coind} mbcoid pbdj|

|cpd hg wjl|cpjho jo |d}uho}d ph pbdj| bjibd| mhtopd|uc|p}. pbd c}udmp coind}/ Pbj} j} pbd fdz ph

jomh|uh|cpjoi c fohynd`id hg \cz} joph c}p|hnhiz/



Ph sthpd g|hk co drmdnndop lhhfndp lz Kconz Ucnkd| Bcnn. Pbd Ubjnh}hubz Hg C}p|hnhiz1

,Uzpbcih|c} }hto`d` pbd fdzohpd} hg pbd c}udmp} ybdo bd `dmnc|d` pbcp `jwjod

dod|ijd} gnhyd` ohp pb|htib uncodp} `j|dmpnz ltp pb|htib pbd jopd|wcn ldpyddo

pbdk/ C}udmp} c|d jopd|wcn}/,

C}udmp} ldpyddo uncodp} co` ud|}hocn uhjop} ho c bh|h}mhud c|d hod |du|d}dopcpjho hg coind}.

co` pbd}d coind} drj}p ldnhy pbd ndwdn hg kco)} Bjibd| ]dng. ybh yc} uc|pnz |d}uho}jlnd. ldgh|dbj} lj|pb joph kcppd|. gh| gc}bjhojoi bj} hyo njgd ph ijwd bjk pbd i|dcpd}p huuh|ptojpjd} ph

dwhnwd/ Pbj} j} pbd |dcn fdz ph coitnc| c}p|hnhiz1 pbcp c}udmp} c|d c kcojgd}pcpjho hg coind} ~

ldmct}d pbj} jogh|kcpjho mco bdnu t} ph c}}d}} co jo`jwj`tcn)} coitnc| }p|tmpt|d g|hk c }t|wdz

hg pbdj| ocpcn bh|h}mhud/

C}udmp} c|d gh|kd` lz pbd khwdkdop hg pbd uncodp}. co` pbj} ocpt|cn u|hmd}} cnnhy} pbdk ph

kcojutncpd \cz dod|iz/ C}udmp} c|d pbd coind} hg pbd tojwd|}d }zklhnj}joi C|mbdpzucn Kco.

ltp co jo`jwj`tcnj}d` lntdu|jop hg pbdk j} }tud|jkuh}d` ho ht| uhpdopjcn dih ldgh|d

jomc|ocpjho/ Ybdo pbd pjkd j} |jud co` pbj} lntdu|jop gjp} pbd coitnc| gh|kcpjho pbcp

mh||d}uho`} ph pbd c}udmp ucppd|o ghto` jo pbd |dcn tojwd|}d. yd c|d ubz}jmcnnz lh|o joph pbj}

yh|n`/ Jo pbj} ycz. c}udmp} gh|kd` lz pbd uncodp} c|d jku|jopd` ho t} cp lj|pb co` ldmhkd ht|

ud|}hocn coind}/

C} pbd uncodp} mhopjotd ph jopd|cmp `t|joi ht| njgdpjkd. pbdj| khwdkdop cggdmp} ht| hyo

ud|}hocn c}udmp} h| coind}/ Lhpb c}udmp} co` coind} }bc|d pbd lc}jm pyh joi|d`jdop} hg njgd.

}tl}pcomd co` jopdop/ Lhpb odd` pbd cuunjmcpjho hg mho}mjht}od}} h| nhwd g|hk pbd ]dmho`

U|jkc|z ph kcojgd}p co` ldmhkd cyc|d jo c ud|}ho)} njgd/ Pbj} ]dmho` U|jkc|z dod|iz j}

cmptcnnz \cz dod|iz. pbd uhyd| pbcp pt|o} ncpdop coind} joph kcojgd}pcpjho. co` pbd |dndwcomd

bd|d j} pbcp pbd bc|khojm otkld| hg dcmb c}udmp |dncpd} `j|dmpnz ph pbd \cz dod|iz pbcp

cmpjwcpd} co` bc} jogntdomd pb|htib pbdk/

Pbd pbdh|z ldbjo` bc|khojm c}udmp} j} pbcp coz pyh uhjop} ho pbd mj|mtkgd|domd hg pbd

bh|h}mhud mj|mnd c|d |dncpd` lz pbd otkld| pbcp j} pbd |d}tnp hg pbd ckhtop hg `di|dd} ldpyddo

pbdk c} c `jwj}jho hg =75/ Pbd|dgh|d co huuh}jpjho c}udmp hg 325 `di|dd} j} c ]dmho` Bc|khojm

c}udmp. cll|dwjcpd` ph <B. ldmct}d =75 `jwj`d` lz 325 ijwd} pbd co}yd| </ ]jkjnc|nz. c

}dkj}stc|d c}udmp hg 04 `di|dd} j} co 2B c}udmp c} =75 `jwj`d` lz 04 ijwd} pbd co}yd| 2/

Cnn mhowdopjhocn c}udmp} c|d cn}h bc|khojm c}udmp}. ltp dstcnnz pbd `jwj}jho hg =75 lz coz

otkld| hg `di|dd} yjnn ijwd c bc|khojm otkld| pbcp j} co c}udmp ldpyddo pyh uhjop} co`

pbd|dgh|d |du|d}dop} c uhpdopjcn coind/

Bc|khojm c}udmp} bcwd c }jkund otkd|jm |dncpjho}bju yjpb pbd ]dwdo \cz}1

MHOATOMPJHO] c|d gj|}p bc|khojm c}udmp} co` pbdj| jogntdomd}

c|d Gj|}p \cz6

HUUH]JPJHO] c|d }dmho` bc|khojm c}udmp} co` pbdj| jogntdomd}

c|d ]dmho` \cz6

P\JOD] c|d pbj|` bc|khojm c}udmp} co` pbdj| jogntdomd} c|d Pbj|`

\cz6

]STC\D] c|d ght|pb bc|khojm c}udmp} co` pbdj| jogntdomd} c|d

Ght|pb \cz6



STJOPJND] c|d gjgpb bc|khojm c}udmp} co` pbdj| jogntdomd} c|d

Gjgpb \cz6

]DRPJND] c|d }jrpb bc|khojm c}udmp} co` pbdj| jogntdomd} c|d

]jrpb \cz6 '

]DUPJND] c|d }dwdopb bc|khojm c}udmp} co` pbdj| jogntdomd} c|d

]dwdopb \cz/

Jo pbj} ycz. bc|khojm c}udmp} c|d |dncpd` ph \cz} hg pbd }ckd otkld|/ Pbd `jggjmtnpz mhkd}

homd yd |dcmb djibp. ltp cicjo pbd }hntpjho j} }jkund1 co 2B c}udmp |dncpd} ph pbd Gj|}p \cz jo

pbd odrp hmpcwd. c} jo pbd }jkund }tk 9 & 3. co` 2pb bc|khojm kjùhjop} `h bcwd pbd uhpdopjcn

hg m|dcpjoi dwdop}/ ]jkjnc|nz. :pb .35pb . 33pb co` 3<pb bc|khojm} mco ld wjdyd` c} ]dmho`.

Pbj|`. Ght|pb co` Gjgpb \cz dggdmp} t}joi pbd }ckd }z}pdk/

Bc|khojm c}p|hnhiz mco cn}h ijwd t} c `jggd|dop ud|}udmpjwd ho c}udmp} lz nhhfjoi cp pbdk

i|cubjmcnnz c} c mzmnjm aht|odz |hto` pbd mj|mnd hg c bh|h}mhud mbc|p. ybjmb }bhy} pbcp co 2B

c}udmp yjnn mhkundpd djibp ybhnd mzmnd} ldgh|d |dpt|ojoi ph jp} ocpcn uh}jpjho. co` yjnn bcwd

otkd|ht} }tl+bc|khojm jogntdomd} }t||hto`joi pbj} bc|khojm aht|odz/

Bc|khojm mbc|p}. lc}d` ho pbd mhowdopjhocn bh|h}mhud. i|cubjmcnnz |du|d}dop pbd }p|tmpt|d hg

dcmb bc|khojm c}udmp to`d| mho}j`d|cpjho/ Pbdz c|d mcnmtncpd` lz mhowd|pjoi dcmb uncodp)}

uh}jpjho ph cl}hntpd nhoijpt`d co` ktnpjunzjoi pbd |d}tnp lz pbd bc|khojm otkld| to`d|

jowd}pjicpjho/ Coz uncodp} pbcp gh|k 4B c}udmp} jo c mhowdopjhocn bh|h}mhud yjnn bcwd pbd

}ckd uncodp} mhoatomp jo c 4pb bc|khojm mbc|p. co` dwd|z hpbd| kcah| uhjop yjnn }bhy c ody

|dncpjho}bju ijwjoi c l|hc`d| }mhud gh| jopd|u|dpcpjho/ Lz t}joi bc|khojm mbc|p} yd mco

}tladmp dwd|z bh|h}mhud ph c `dpcjnd` }t|wdz hg bhy dcmb \cz yjnn yh|f pb|htib jp/

At}p c} pbd \cz} yh|f pb|htib pbd bc|khojm} hg dcmb c}udmp. c|mbdpzucn btkco coind}kcojgd}p pb|htib kjùhjop}/ Pbd j`dc hg kjùhjop} j} wd|z }jkund/ Ldpyddo dwd|z ucj| hg

uncodp} ho c bh|h}mhud pbd|d j} c uhjop pbcp j} drcmpnz bcngycz ldpyddo pbd pyh. c} kdc}t|d`

c|hto` pbd mj|mtkgd|domd hg pbd bh|h}mhud/ Pbj} j} mcnnd` pbd kjùhjop ldpyddo pbd pyh

uncodp}. co` bc} c }udmjcn }jiojgjmcomd c} co c}udmp uhjop/ Jg pbd|d j} c uncodp cp pbj} uh}jpjho.

jp yjnn ld mho}j`d|d` ph ld jo c}udmp ph pbd pyh uncodp} pbcp gh|k pbd kjùhjop. co` pbd pb|dd

uncodp} yjnn )kjr) pbdj| jogntdomd ph cggdmp pbd }tladmp pb|htib pbj} uhjop. jo |dic|` ph jp} bht}d

co` qh`jcm uh}jpjho/ Dwdo jg pbd kjùhjop j} wcmcop ho pbd bh|h}mhud. coz uncodp pbcp kcfd}

co 2B c}udmp ph pbj} uhjop yjnn cn}h ld mho}j`d|d` c} ldjoi co )jo`j|dmp) kjùhjop co` bcwd c

}jkjnc|. pbhtib ydcfd|. jogntdomd/

Kjùhjop} }bhy pbcp dwd|z uncodp j} c}udmpd` ph dwd|z hpbd| uncodp pb|htib pbdj| kjùhjop

|dncpjho}bju6 co` pbd kjùhjop j} c uncmd ybd|d pbdj| mhkljod` dod|iz drd|p} c uhpdop coitnc|

gh|md/ Uncodp}. c} yd }cy dc|njd|. c|d uhjop} hg dod|iz pbdk}dnwd} c} ydnn c} p|co}kjppd|} hg

dod|iz. co` njfd mbcf|c} jo pbd dpbd|jm }bdnn hg kco c|d uhyd| uhjop} ybd|d kcoz coitnc|

gh|md} m|j}}+m|h}}/ Uncodpc|z dggdmp} wc|z c} pbdz u|hi|d}} c|hto` pbd bh|h}mhud h| cm|h}} pbd

}fz/ Pbd}d `jggd|joi dggdmp} c|d njfd nczd|} hg jogntdomd. co` pbd mntd ph pbj} wc|jdpz hg pbdj|

yh|fjoi} njd} jo c `ddud| }pt`z hg pbdj| }zklhnj}k jo comjdop kzpb} co` ndido`}/

Pbd }z}pdk t}d` jo kjùhjop} jo lc}d` ho pbd j`dc pbcp dwd|z uncodp `t|joi jp} cuuc|dop

|dwhntpjho c|hto` pbd Dc|pb yjnn bcwd c `j|dmp ltp wc|zjoi |dncpjho}bju ph dwd|z hpbd| uncodp/

Pbd dc}jd}p ycz yd mco pbjof hg pbj} dwd|+mbcoijoi jopd||dncpjho}bju j} ph pcfd dcmb uncodp c}

hod bcng hg c ucj|. co` mhkuc|d pbd}d pyh uncodp} yjpb coz hpbd|} pbdz |dncpd ph pb|htib

c}udmp} ̀ t|joi pbdj| |dwhntpjho/



Yjpb ht| ody ycz hg nhhfjoi cp pbjoi}. yd mco }cz pbcp cp pbd kjùhjop ldpyddo dwd|z ucj| hg

uncodp} pbd|d j} co coind h| c}udmp pbcp yjnn ld c uhpdop gh|md jo pbd njgd hg pbd }tladmp jg jp j}

hmmtujd` h| jg jp kcfd} c mnh}d c}udmp ph coz hpbd| uncodp h| uhjop pbcp j} c ktnpjund hg 04

`di|dd} cycz/ Jo c``jpjho. jp yjnn c}}tkd c kh|d u|hkjodop jkuh|pcomd ybdo pbd uhjop j}

cmmdoptcpd` pb|htib c p|co}jpjoi h| u|hi|d}}joi c}udmp kc`d ph jp/ ]h dwd|z kjùhjop bc}

}dwdo uh}jpjho} c|hto` pbd mbc|p pbcp jogntdomd pbd }tladmp jg p|jiid|d` lz uncodp} h| ud|}hocn

uhjop}1 jp} huuh}jpjho. jp} pyh 0B h| }stc|d c}udmp}. co` jp} ght| 2B c}udmp} h| pyh

}dkj}stc|d} co` pyh }d}stjstc`|cpd}/

Yd mco gt|pbd| }cz pbcp. j||d}udmpjwd hg ybdpbd| pbd kjùhjop j} hmmtujd` h| cmmdoptcpd` lz

c}udmp. jp yjnn }pjnn gtompjho c} co coind jo pbd njgd hg pbd }tladmp6 pbd|dgh|d c} yd c|d pcnfjoi

clhtp kjùhjop} ldpyddo DWD\Z ucj| hg uncodp} yd mco }cz pbd}d coind} c|d mhkkho ph dwd|z

mbc|p/ Pbt} yd mco dndwcpd pbdj| jkuh|pcomd lz mho}j`d|joi pbdk c} d}}dopjcn coind} pbcp c|d

hud|cpjwd jo dwd|z njgd ho Dc|pb/ C} yd cnn bcwd pbd}d 92 kjùhjop coind}. pbdz kt}p |du|d}dop

c }jiojgjmcop uc|p hg pbd lc}jm coitnc| ujmpt|d hg dwd|z ud|}ho/ Ohp honz pbcp. lz ldmhkjoi

cyc|d hg pbd uncodp} p|co}jpjoi hwd| pbd}d uhjop} yd }bhtn` ld clnd ph wd|jgz pbdj| kdcojoi

co` ndc|o ph yh|f yjpb pbdj| ocpt|cn |bzpbk}/

Cnpbhtib pbd|d j} oh ycz hg `dpd|kjojoi c ud|}ho)} \cz g|hk pbd bh|h}mhud. yd mco t}d c

fohyndìd hg pbd \cz} `j|dmpnz yjpb c}p|hnhiz ph ijwd c ldppd| jopd|u|dpcpjho g|hk c }uj|jptcn

ud|}udmpjwd/ Pbj} mco honz ld cmbjdwd` lz nhhfjoi cp c}p|hnhijmcn dggdmp} jo co tomhowdopjhocn

ycz. co` lz |dcnj}joi pbcp uncodp} cggdmp t} `jggd|dopnz ph bhy pbd ]to cggdmp} t}. ldmct}d pbd

honz ycz uncodp} mco drd|p pbdj| jogntdomd hwd| njgd ho Dc|pb j} pb|htib pbdj| khpjho/ Pbd ]to

bc} `j|dmp jogntdomd hwd| Btkcojpz ldmct}d jp j} c uhjop hg dod|iz c}}hmjcpd` yjpb njibp co`

mho}mjht}od}}. pyh ]dmho` U|jkc|z kcojgd}pcpjho}. co` }h jp} uhyd| j} cn}h cuunjd` `j|dmpnz6

ltp ldmct}d pbd uncodp} c|d c}}hmjcpd` yjpb pbd Pbj|` U|jkc|z pbdj| dggdmp j} jo`j|dmp. co` c

mho}dstdomd hg pbdj| mzmnjm khpjho/ Pbd uncodp} c|d ohp }h ktmb |d}uho}jlnd gh| pbd wc|jdpz hg

Btkco gtompjho}. pbdz C\D pbh}d gtompjho}/ Jg Kc|} j} |d}uho}jlnd gh| pbd mj|mtncpjho hg ht|

lnhh` pb|htib ht| wdjo}. pbj} j} ldmct}d pbd lnhh` co` jp} khwdkdop c|d c uc|p hg pbd uncodpKc|}/ Jg Kc|} `j` ohp drj}p. yd yhtn` bcwd lh`jd} pbcp mhtn` }t|wjwd yjpbhtp pbd odd` gh| c

lnhh`}p|dck/

Yd mco pcfd pbj} uhjop gt|pbd| co` }cz pbd uncodp} honz cggdmp Btkco} c} pbdz pbdk}dnwd} c|d

cggdmpd`. pb|htib pbd mho}pcopnz mbcoijoi |dncpjho}bju pbdz bcwd yjpb dcmb hpbd| c} pbdz

u|hi|d}} c|hto` pbd qh`jcm/ Jo pbj} ycz. pbd uncodp} t}d pbd kd`jtk hg coind} ph |dncpd t} ph

pbd dggdmp} pbdz pbdk}dnwd} c|d to`d|ihjoi. |cpbd| pbco mhowdzjoi co dggdmp pb|htib c

mhoodmpjoi coind. c} pbd ]to `hd}/ ]h. jg c uncodp ldmhkd} mhoatomp ph cohpbd| jo pbd }fz. co`

ho Dc|pb yd bcwd uc|p} hg lhpb uncodp} jo ht| kcfd+tu. pbdo pbd}d uc|p} yjnn |dmdjwd co dggdmp

pb|htib c }zkucpbdpjm |d}uho}d wjc pbd uncodpc|z coind}/ Cn}h. pbd coind} pbcp gh|k c}udmp}pb|htib p|co}jp} co` u|hi|d}}jho} ph ocpcn uh}jpjho} h| kjùhjop} bcwd cn|dc`z drj}pd` }jomd

lj|pb ~ co` bcwd honz lddo cmpjwcpd`. ohp m|dcpd`. lz uncodpc|z khwdkdop/ Pbd}d combh|

uhjop} hg coitnc| dod|iz mckd joph drj}pdomd cp pbd khkdop hg ht| lj|pb. co` jp j} tu ph t} ph

t}d pbdk h| jioh|d pbdk1 ldmct}d pbdz hyd pbdj| drj}pdomd ph t}. ohp pbd hpbd| ycz |hto`#



UC\P PB\DD1 PBD UD\]HOCNJPZ ' ]HTN COIND]

Pbd pb|dd c}udmp} hg ht| Ud|}hocnjpz ybjmb mh||d}uho` ph pbd U|jkc|z \cz} yh|f joph ht|

dwd|z`cz |dcnjpjd} jo pbj} ycz1 ht| hyo hujojho hg ht|}dnwd} ~ pbd ]dmho` U|jkc|z ~ ut}bd} t}

jo hod `j|dmpjho pb|htib pbd kd`jtk hg ht| cyc|dod}} wjc ht| ud|}hocn jopd|ocn coind}. ybjn}p

ht| mtnpt|cn. dowj|hokdopcn co` hpbd| }hmjcn hujojho}. ybcp yd gddn yd }bhtn` ld h| pbd

dkhpjho} jku|d}}d` tuho t} wjc ht| jkud|}hocn drpd|ocn coind} ~ pbd Pbj|` U|jkc|z ~ ut}bd}t} jo pbd huuh}jpd `j|dmpjho/

Pbd}d pyh c|d lcncomd` }h pbcp odjpbd| pcfd} t} phh gc| g|hk ht| h|jijocn coind lz pbd Gj|}p

U|jkc|z. ybjmb j} pbd c|mbdpzud hg ybcp c Btkco ldjoi nhhf} njfd. ldbcwd} njfd co` njwd} njfd/

Bhydwd|. ldmct}d cnn Btkco} mh||d}uho` ph pbd c|mbdpzud `hd} ohp kdco pbd c|mbdpzud j}

mho}pcop. ldmct}d jg dohtib udhund mbcoid pbdj| c|mbdpzucn mbc|cmpd|j}pjm. pbj} ody

mbc|cmpd|j}pjm yjnn ldmhkd pbd }pco`c|` oh|kcnjpz co` }h ldmhkd cl}h|ld` joph pbd Btkco

c|mbdpzud/ Pbj} mco ld }ddo jo dwd|z`cz njgd. ybdo htp|cidht} gc}bjho. kt}jm co` c|p ldmhkd

cmmdupd` c} mhowdopjhocn jo pbd }ucmd hg honz c gdy zdc|}/

Pbd|d c|d kcoz pzud} hg c|mbdpzud} ltp pbdj| |dndwcomd ph Btkcojpz. co` Btkcojpz‚}

mbcoijoi hujojho hg pbdk. yjnn c`at}p pbdj| mbc|cmpd|j}pjm} lz cuunzjoi `jggd|dop dod|iz ph

pbdj| coind}/ Jo pbj} ycz. pbd lcncomd ldpyddo pbd gh|k co` pbd mho}mjht}od}} j} kcjopcjod`

pb|htib pbd c|mbdpzud. cnpbhtib pbd c|mbdpzud jp}dng j} odwd| c gjrd` j`dcn. ltp c gntj` hod/

Jo c}p|hnhiz ht| oh|kcn mho`jpjho hg cyc|dod}} j} }bhyo lz pbd uh}jpjho hg pbd ]to. C}mdo`cop

co` Khho |dncpjwd ph pbd qh`jcm }jio}/ Pbj} j} gjodnz ptod` lz pbd coind} kc`d lz pbd ocpcn

uncodp} pbcp cn}h cggdmp ht| oh|kcn mho}mjht}od}}/ Pbj} gjod+ptojoi yjnn cnpd| c} dcmb uncodp

khwd} c|hto` pbd mbc|p co` uc}}d} pb|htib `jggd|dop }jio}. ldmct}d pbd qh`jcm }jio} c|d

`j|dmpnz |dncpd` ph pbd pydnwd `jwj}jho} hg Btkco mho}mjht}od}}/

Yd cnn odd` uncodpc|z dod|iz ph njwd/ Ltp yd `h ohp odd` dwd|z jomho}dstdopjcn coind pbcp

drj}p} c} hod hg pbd kjoh| c}udmp} ldpyddo uncodp}1 pbd}d |du|d}dop }tud|gntht} fc|kjm dod|iz

yd bcwd pcfdo ho lhc|` lz ldmhkjoi phh jowhnwd` yjpb pbd do`nd}} pb|dc` hg njgd dwdop} pbcp

uncodp} ydcwd ldpyddo pbdk/

Pbd kdpbh` hg yh|fjoi yjpb coind} j} ph kcfd pbdk hladmpjwd. |d+dwcntcpd pbdk. co` pbdo

|dpt|o pbdk ph pbdj| ocpt|cn }tladmpjwd mho`jpjho/ Yd bcwd ph ndc|o bhy ph t}d pbd uncodp} c}

dggjmjdop ut|d coind} lz |d+lcncomjoi pbdj| toocpt|cn fc|kjm dggdmp}/

Pbj} honz cuunjd} ph pbd uncodp}. c} pbdz c|d @dwjm/ Pbd ]to. Khho. C}mdo`cop co` hpbd|

uhjop} ho pbd bh|h}mhud c|d ohp @dwjm. co` pbdj| hyo ktptcn c}udmp} c|d `jggd|dop ldmct}d

pbdz c|d ohp cggdmpd` lz fc|kc/

Ldgh|d pbd mho}mjht}od}} hg ht| Bjibd| ]dng ~ pbd ]dmho` U|jkc|z ~ mco t}d pbd ocpt|cn

coind} hg pbd uncodp} ~ Pbj|` U|jkc|z ~ ph cmmhkunj}b pbd njgd ut|uh}d hg pbd Khoc` ~ Gj|}p

U|jkc|z. yd gj|}p bcwd ph ndc|o bhy ph mhud yjpb pbd fc|kjm dod|ijd} hg pbd uncodpc|z c}udmp}

jo ht| bh|h}mhud/

Pbd p|jod c}udmp j} c ud|gdmp drckund hg bhy pbd pb|dd U|jkc|jd} yh|f joph kcojgd}pcpjhopb|htib dcmb uncodp. ldmct}d pbj} `jwj`d} c mj|mtnc| bh|h}mhud joph pb|dd dstcn }dikdop} hg

3<5 `di|dd}. co` dcmb c}udmp uhjop yjnn hud|cpd pb|htib c qh`jcm }jio hg pbd }ckd dndkdop/

Dcmb uhjop yjnn cmp c} hod hg pbd U|jkc|z \cz}. ltp pbj} j} c mho}pcopnz mbcoijoi

c||coidkdop/



Cnn cmpjwd coind}. jomnt`joi Btkco coind}. mhopjotcnnz }ujo pb|htib cnn pb|dd hg pbdj| c}udmp}.

hg mho}mjht}od}}. jopdopjho co` gh|k. ldmct}d pbd pb|dd mho`jpjho} gh| njgd c|d }tlpnz

jopd|mbcoidclnd. co` pbd `jggd|domd ldpyddo ybjmb uc|p hg pbd pb|dd c}udmp} hg co coind j}

c}}hmjcpd` yjpb ybjmb uc|p hg pbdj| kcojgd}pcpjho j} honz `dudo`cop ho pjkd/

Pbj} j} ldmct}d coind} oh|kcnnz gh|k uc|p hg c mhkundr }uj|cn. ltp ybdo pbdz ldmhkd cmpjwd

pbdz pcfd ho c }duc|cpd mj|mtnc| drj}pdomd1 ybjmb }bhy} pbdz mnh}dnz |d}dklnd mbcf|c}/

Pbd U|jkc|jd} mco cn}h ld `dkho}p|cpd` lz c }pt`z hg pbd |dncpjho}bju ldpyddo pbd ]to. Khho

co` C}mdo`cop/

Pbd c}p|hnhijmcn |dncpjho}bju ldpyddo pbd ]to co` Khho dstcpd} yjpb pbd lcncomd kcjopcjod`

ldpyddo c ud|}ho‚} }hnc| jo`jwj`tcnjpz co` pbdj| ntoc| gddnjoi} h| `d}j|d} mhoodmpd` ph pbdj|

gh|k/ Pbd gddnjoi} jowhnwd` bd|d c|d pbh}d pbcp c|d jkuh|pcop ph pbd ydnn+ldjoi hg pbd

jo`jwj`tcn‚} ubz}jmcn lh`z. ybjmb c|d c}p|cn jogntdomd}. c}}hmjcpd` yjpb ycpd| ho pbj} Ubz}jmcn

Uncod. ldmct}d pbd Khho cggdmp} pbd gntj`} jo Btkco} c} ydnn c} pbd pj`d} ho ht| uncodp/

Jp j} pb|htib pbd C}mdo`cop pbcp pbd}d dod|ijd} cmptcnnz mhoodmp yjpb pbd coind} pbcp kcfd tu

ht| mbc|cmpd| co` idod|cn mho`jpjho} hg njgd. ldmct}d pbd C}mdo`cop }jiojgjd} pbd Btkco

coind} pbcp c|d ocpt|cn ph dcmb jo`jwj`tcn. co` pb|htib ybjmb yd u|hadmp ht|}dnwd} phyc|`}

pbd coind} hg hpbd|} co` ht| }t||hto`joi} jo idod|cn/ Pbd C}mdo`cop j} `j|dmpnz mhoodmpd` ph

pbd Bdc` Mdop|d. co` pbd C}mdo`cop `di|dd jo`jmcpd} pbd ud|}hocn coind pbcp kcfd} t} ybcp

yd c|d/

Pbd C}mdo`cop j} pbd dc|pbjoi uhjop hg pbd Ud|}hocnjpz. co` pbd }tladmpjwd g|ckdyh|f pb|htib

ybjmb yd drud|jdomd} njgd/ Jp j} jkuh}}jlnd ph bhn` co hladmpjwd hujojho hg pbd dod|ijd} yh|fjoi

pb|htib pbd C}mdo`cop co` pbd mho}mjht} Bdc` Mdop|d jp |du|d}dop}/ Oh kcppd| bhy bc|` zht

p|z ph }pco` lcmf g|hk pbd}d mho}mjht} dod|ijd}. pbd uc|p pbcp |dkcjo} }tladmpjwd j} }pjnn

}jiojgjd` lz pbd C}mdo`cop/

Jp j} pbd ]to ybjmb |du|d}dop} ht| hladmpjwd wjdyuhjop. pbd ‒J‚ pbcp mco pcfd c }pdu lcmf g|hk

njgd co` kcfd at`idkdop} co` `dmj}jho} lc}d` ho uc}p drud|jdomd co` gtpt|d u|hlcljnjpjd}6

co` pbd C}mdo`cop j} pbd }tladmpjwd wdbjmnd ybjmb pbd ]to t}d} ph cmmhkunj}b jp} cjk} yjpbhtp

ldjoi cyc|d pbcp pbj} wdbjmnd drj}p} c} c }duc|cpd gtompjho1 jp c}}tkd} pbd C}mdo`cop j} c

kd|d drpdo}jho hg jp}dng. jp} lh`z. gddnjoi} co` kjo`/

Gjocnnz. pbd Khho drj}p} ldpyddo pbd}d pyh mho`jpjho}1 jp |du|d}dop} ht| gddnjoi} co` ht|

khh`}. co` ht| dkhpjhocn |d}uho}d ph pbd wc|jdpz hg njgd }jptcpjho}/ C} }tmb. jp mco hwd|+|j`d

pbd `dmj}jho} kc`d lz pbd ]to. ltp t}tcnnz ohp yjpbhtp pbd ]to ohpjmjoi#

Ghnnhyjoi ho g|hk pbj}. yd mco }cz pbcp pbd coind pbcp |du|d}dop} pbd jo`jwj`tcn j} mhkuh}d`

hg pbd ]to }jio. pbd Khho }jio co` pbd C}mdo`cop }jio/ Jo kh}p udhund. pbd}d pb|dd dod|ijd}

c|d pbd honz gh|k hg pbd pb|dd U|jkc|jd} yd mco ld cyc|d hg. pbd ]to dstcpjoi yjpb pbd Gj|}p

U|jkc|z. pbd C}mdo`cop yjpb pbd ]dmho` U|jkc|z. co` pbd Khho yjpb pbd Pbj|` U|jkc|z/

Pbd}d pb|dd gh|k pbd Ud|}hocnjpz coind/

Pbd C}mdo`cop |du|d}dop} pbd }tladmpjwd coitnc| g|ckdyh|f hg ht| dc|pbnz gh|k/ Pbd}d c|d

pbd cmptcn coind} ybjmb c|d |d}uho}jlnd gh| ht| lh`z jo idod|cn. jomnt`joi ht| lh`jnz h|ico}.

ht| gdcpt|d}. ht| od|wht} }z}pdk. ht| cuudc|comd. pbd mhnht| hg ht| }fjo. hg ht| bcj| co` dzd}1

dwd|z ubz}jmcn coind j} |du|d}dopd` lz h| mhoodmpd` ph ht| C}mdo`cop/ Kcoz hg pbd}d

uc|pjmtnc| coind} c|d kj||h|d` jo pbd ubz}jmcn yh|n` pb|htib ht| idod} co` idodpjm kcfd+tu/



Jo c``jpjho. pbd C}mdo`cop j} pbd kcjo jo`jmcph| hg ht| t}tcn mho`jpjho hg mho}mjht}od}}. ht|

cmptcn dwd|z`cz cyc|dod}}/ Jp j} pbd kh}p jkuh|pcop }dp hg coind} yd bcwd ldmct}d pbdz gh|k

pbd ybhnd ubz}jmcn wdbjmnd pbcp ‒jopd|gcmd}‚ yjpb njgd. ohp at}p pbd }kcnn uc|p yd c|d idod|cnnz

cyc|d hg/

C}mdo`cop coind} c|d pbd bc|`yc|d pbcp ht| ]to }jio }hgpyc|d bc} ph t}d jo pbd ld}p ycz jp

mco/ C}mdo`cop coind} gh|k pbd mhoodmpjho uhjop ldpyddo pbd jopd|ocn Ud|}hocnjpz co` pbd

drpd|ocn jopd|cmpjwd coind} hg drj}pdomd/ Pbj} j} cohpbd| ycz hg }czjoi pbcp pbdz c|d|d}uho}jlnd gh| bhy yd |dncpd jo dwd|z ycz ph pbd |dcn yh|n`. co` ph dwd|zhod yd kddp jo njgd/

Jo gcmp. ht| C}mdo`cop coind} c|d pbd njkjp hg ybcp yd mco cmbjdwd pb|htib pbd mhoodmpjho hg

ht| coind} ph drpd|ocn coind}/

Pbd ]to co` jp} qh`jcm }jio. ht| }to+}jio. |du|d}dop ht| p|td }dnwd}. pbd uc|p hg t} yd pbjof hg

c} ‒J‚. co` }h pbj} ijwd} t} pbd cljnjpz ph c`at}p pbd dod|iz ybjmb ihd} pb|htib pbd C}mdo`cop

coind} ph mbcoid ht| cuudc|comd pb|htib `|d}}. kcood|j}k} co` idod|cn ldbcwjht|/ Ltp jp

mcoohp cmptcnnz mbcoid h| cnpd| pbd ubz}jmcn coind} hg pbd C}mdo`cop jo coz ycz/

]jkjnc|nz pbd Khho. co` pbd }jio jp hmmtujd}. mho`jpjho pbd dkhpjhocn |d}uho}d ph coitnc|

}jptcpjho}. gh| drckund ybdo yd pbjof ph ht|}dnwd} „J gddn bcuuz‛. co` pbj} cicjo mco c`at}p

pbd coitnc| dod|iz hg ht| C}mdo`cop. pb|htib khh`} co` dkhpjhocn |dcmpjho} ybjmb mco bcwd

co dggdmp ho ht| cuudc|comd yjpbhtp cmptcnnz mbcoijoi pbd C}mdo`cop coind}/ Njfd pbd ]to

}jio jp mco honz cggdmp pbd ycz pbd coind} c|d t}d`. co` pbd|dgh|d pbd pzud. }p|doipb co`

stcnjpz hg pbd dod|iz pbdz c|d t}joi/

Pbj} j} bhy pbd pb|dd uc|p} hg pbd Ud|}hocnjpz coind yh|f. lz pbd ]to co` Khho cmpjoi c}

cidop} gh| pbd Gj|}p co` Pbj|` U|jkc|jd}. co` cuunzjoi wc|jht} pzud} hg kdopcn co` dkhpjhocn

dod|iz pb|htib pbd }tladmpjwd coind} ybjmb kcfd tu pbd ]dmho` U|jkc|z C}mdo`cop gh|k hg

pbd Ud|}hocnjpz/ Ht| |d}uho}d ph uncodpc|z jogntdomd} jo idod|cn yjnn cn}h ld mhnht|d` lz pbj}

Ud|}hocnjpz coind/

Homd c ud|}ho ldijo} ph ldmhkd cyc|d hg pbd dod|ijd} h|jijocpjoi g|hk pbd Bjibd| ]dng. pbd

Ud|}hocnjpz coind ldmhkd} }tud|}d`d` lz pbd }htn coind/

Pbd p|jcoind |du|d}dopjoi pbd U|jkc|jd} yjnn ohy ld mhkuh}d` hg pbd dod|ijd} mhkjoi g|hk pbd

}htn \cz c} pbd Gj|}p U|jkc|z. ybjmb j} ohp }bhyo ho pbd bh|h}mhud. pbd C}mdo`cop }jio }pjnn

|du|d}dopjoi pbd ]dmho` U|jkc|z. co` pbd ]to }jio ohy |du|d}dopjoi pbd Pbj|` U|jkc|z/

Jo pbj} mc}d. pbd C}mdo`cop }pjnn |dkcjo} mhkundpdnz }tladmpjwd dwdo pbhtib jp yjnn ld

mho`jpjhod` lz `jggd|dop dod|ijd}/ Pbd |dc}ho gh| pbj} j} pbcp pbd C}mdo`cop |du|d}dop} pbdBdc` Mdop|d jo lhpb pbd Ud|}hocnjpz coind co` pbd }htn coind. co` }h njfd pbd l|cjo jp yjnn

mhopjotd yh|fjoi pb|htibhtp oh|kcn njgd. dwdo pbhtib pbd ud|}ho‚} kdopcnjpz yjnn `dwdnhu co`

kcpt|d pb|htib cid/

Pbd|dgh|d. pbd C}mdo`cop mco ld dstcpd` yjpb pbd yh|` ‒mho}mjht}‚. ohp mho}mjht}od}}. ltp

mho}mjht}/ Jg c ud|}ho j} mho}mjht} hg }hkdpbjoi. bd j} t}joi bj} Bdc` Mdop|d co` C}mdo`cop

coind}/ Dwd|z drud|jdomd. ybdpbd| jo p|td ubz}jmcn njgd h| jo c }tladmpjwd mho`jpjho hg

|dgndmpjho. yjnn t}d pbd C}mdo`cop co` Bdc` Mdop|d. ldmct}d gh| t} ph ld cyc|d hg co

drud|jdomd kdco} yd bcwd ph ld mho}mjht} hg jp/

Jp j} jkuh|pcop ph |dcnj}d pbcp pbd C}mdo`cop |du|d}dop} pbd coind} yd bcwd ocpt|cnnz

cwcjnclnd ph t}d `t|joi ht| njgd ho Dc|pb. ybdpbd| yd c|d cmpjoi to`d| jo}p|tmpjho g|hk pbd

Ud|}hocnjpz h| Bjibd| ]dng/



Ht| C}mdo`cop coind} c|d t}. ht| ockd. ybd|dc} ht| ]to‚} uh}jpjho j} ht| jo`jwj`tcnjpz.

ybjmb mco djpbd| ld pbd Ud|}hocnjpz jo mhop|hn pb|htib pbd Ud|}hocnjpz coind. h| pbd

Ud|}hocnjpz c} co jo}p|tkdop hg ht| Bjibd| ]dng pb|htib pbd }htn coind yh|fjoi pb|htib ht|

}htn \cz/ Jo dwd|z mc}d. pbd C}mdo`cop |du|d}dop} ht| mho}mjht} drud|jdomd hg njgd/

Ht| C}mdo`cop j} ht| ubz}jmcn wdbjmnd pbcp mco ld t}d` ph cmbjdwd pbd yj}bd} hg jp} mhop|hnnjoi

Ud|}hocnjpz h| Bjibd| ]dng. co` jp j} cn}h pbd p|td wdbjmnd gh| pbd Khoc`/ Pbj} j} ldmct}d

tnpjkcpdnz ht| njgd yjnn bcwd }hkd dggdmp ho ht| Khoc`jm }uj|jp. ybjmb j} pbd wd|z |dc}ho ydc|d bd|d jo pbd gj|}p uncmd/ Pbd|dgh|d jp cmp} c} pbd odmd}}c|z dc|pbjoi uhjop hg ht| Khoc` lz

dod|ij}joi pbd mho}mjht} dod|iz jo ht| Bdc` Mdop|d. co` jopd|cmpjoi yjpb pbd @dwjm dod|iz

}pjktncpd` lz pbd }do}d} ph |j}d tu g|hk pbd Lc}d Mdop|d. jo h|`d| ph u|h`tmd c mbcoid jo

mho}mjht}od}}/ Pbj} u|hmd}} j} fohyo c} pbd |cj}joi hg pbd fto`cnjoj }d|udop/

Pbd d}}domd hg pbd jo`jwj`tcn ybjmb |dncpd} ph bj} }do}d hg j`dopjpz j} pbd }tk hg pbd uncodpc|z

jogntdomd} dc|pbd` cp pbd khkdop hg bj} lj|pb pb|htib bj} C}mdo`cop coind} c} druncjod`

clhwd. ltp jp cn}h jomnt`d} otkd|ht} }tl+ud|}hocnjpjd} ybh cnn c}}tkd pbdz c|d pbd |dcn ‒J‚ hg

pbd jo`jwj`tcn. ybdo jo gcmp pbdz c|d }duc|cpd co` `jggd|dop coind} yjpbjo pbd }tladmp‚}

coitnc| }p|tmpt|d/ Pbd}d coind} c|d pbd pydnwd qh`jcm }jio}. ybjmb u|hi|d}} cm|h}} pbd

C}mdo`cop }jio dwd|z`cz c} pbd Dc|pb pt|o} ho jp} crj}/

]h cnpbhtib co jo`jwj`tcn mhtn` ld }ddo c} c }joind coind |du|d}dopd` lz pbd C}mdo`cop. jo

|dcnjpz pbj} ud|}hocn coind j} cmptcnnz mhkuh}d` hg kcoz hpbd|} cnn p|zjoi ph pcfd mhop|hn/

Pbd}d cnpd|ocpjwd coind} c|d pbd wc|jht} qh`jcm }jio} pbcp khwd cm|h}} pbd C}mdo`cop uh}jpjho

dwd|z gdy bht|}/

Dcmb qh`jcm }jio yjnn jku|jop jp} hyo udmtnjc| jogntdomd ho pbd C}mdo`cop c} jp p|co}jp}

pb|htib pbj} uh}jpjho. co` yjpb pbd drp|c jogntdomd} g|hk pbd uncodp} mhopcjod` jo pbd }jio}

ybjmb cn}h cuudc| ph khwd. pbj} yjnn wc|z c ud|}ho‚} }tladmpjwd ud|mdupjho hg pbd dowj|hokdop.

dwdo pbhtib pbj} cnpd|d` ud|mdupjho yjnn }pjnn |dpcjo pbd mbc|cmpd| hg pbd C}mdo`cop }jiocoind}/

Pbd}d drp|c coind} cmp c} }tl+ud|}hocnjpjd}. ybjmb yd j`dopjgz yjpb co` `h ohp |dmhioj}d c}

ldjoi `jggd|dop ph ht| oh|kcn ‒J‚/ Pbj} j} ybz yd bcwd oh ud|mdupjho hg pbdj| dggdmp ho ht|

coitnc| dod|ijd}/ Pbd }tl+ud|}hocnjpz coind} c|d ohp cnjdo jogntdomd}. ltp gh|k uc|p hg ht|

ud|}hocn c|mbdpzud ldmct}d pbdz h|jijocpd jo hpbd| c|dc} hg ht| bh|h}mhud1 co` }h gh|k

d}}dopjcn uc|p} hg ht| jo`jwj`tcnjpz/ Pbd|dgh|d. pbdz yjnn ocpt|cnnz c}}tkd ht| mbc|cmpd|j}pjm}.

kcood|j}k} co` u|dgd|domd}. pcfjoi holhc|` pbd mhkundpd Ud|}hocnjpz yjpb cnn jp} p|cjp}.

kdkh|jd} co` bcljp}/

Bhydwd|. pbdz yjnn }pjnn bcwd c md|pcjo j`dopjpz hg pbdj| hyo. ybjmb j} `jggd|dop ph ht| ocpt|cn

C}mdo`cop }jio dod|ijd}. co` }h pbdz yjnn mhnht| ht| |dcmpjho} jo tohlp|t}jwd ycz}/ Hgpdo jp

yjnn ld hpbd| udhund. pbh}d mnh}d ph t}. ybh yjnn ohpjmd pbd}d }tlpnd Ud|}hocnjpz mbcoid} ldgh|d

yd `h#

Pbd hpbd| ud|}hocn uhjop ho pbd bh|h}mhud pbcp j} hg kcah| jkuh|pcomd j} pbd K/M/ Pbd uh}jpjho

hg pbd K/M/ }zklhnj}d} pbd uhjop pb|htib ybjmb yd c|d clnd ph cmmd}} pbd dod|iz hg ht| }htn

\cz. g|hk pbd }pc|} clhwd ht| bdc`}/ C} pbj} j} honz }zklhnjm jp `hd} ohp bcwd coz u|cmpjmcn

jkuh|pcomd. co` j} `dgjojpdnz ohp co jo`jmcpjho hg c ud|}ho‚} \cz pzud/

Pbd gcmp j} zht| \cz yh|f} pb|htib zht ph cmmhkunj}b md|pcjo njgd khpjwd}. co` ldmct}d pbd

\cz j} pjd` jo yjpb zht| |hnd jo pbd yh|n` jo idod|cn. jp bc} c `dgjojpd |dncpjho}bju ph pbd K/M/



Pbd K/M/ yh|f} yjpb \cz dod|iz }tladmpjwdnz. c} \cz dod|iz j} idod|cnnz dkunhzd` ph cj` jo

pbd dwhntpjho hg pbd Btkco }udmjd}. co` pbd C}mdo`cop yh|f} }tladmpjwdnz yjpb njgd dod|iz.

ybjmb kcz h| kcz ohp ld \cz dod|iz. ph cmmhkunj}b pbd jo`jwj`tcn‚} `d}pjoz/

Pbj} `dkho}p|cpd} pbd pyh kcjo khpjwd} ldbjo` njgd. dwhntpjho hg pbd jo`jwj`tcn pb|htib pbd

C}mdo`cop co` dwhntpjho hg pbd }udmjd} pb|htib pbd K/M/



UC\P GHT\1 PBD GHT\ QH@JCM]

Dcmb hg pbd }dwdo kcah| Btkco mbcf|c} h| mdop|d} gh|k uc|p hg nc|id| dod|iz gjdn`}. ybjmb

mh||d}uho` ph pbd t}tcn h|`d| hg \cz} co` Uncod}/

Pbd nhyd| ght| mbcf|c} |dncpd ph pbd @dwjm co` Dndkdopcn njwd}. ybjmb jopd|cmp yjpb t}

}tladmpjwdnz pb|htib pbd coind} hg pbd Uncod} c}}hmjcpd` yjpb pbd dndkdop} hg Gj|d. Cj|. Ycpd|co` Dc|pb/

Pbd|dgh|d pbd Lc}d. ]dr. ]hnc| Undrt} co` Bdc|p Mdop|d} yh|f yjpb dod|iz pbcp j} u|hmd}}d`

lz pbd coind} hg pbd}d nhyd| Uncod} ldgh|d pbdz cggdmp t} }tladmpjwdnz pb|htib ht| jo`jwj`tcn

mdop|d}/

Pbd dod|iz gjdn` pbcp |dncpd} ph ht| ]hnc| Undrt} j} pbd mhowdopjhocn mj|mnd hg qh`jcm }jio}. pbd

]hnc| Qh`jcm. co` gh| pbj} |dc}ho pbd Lc}d. ]dr co` Bdc|p Mdop|d} c|d cn}h mho}j`d|d` c}

ldjoi jogntdomd` pb|htib pbdj| |d}udmpjwd qh`jcm}. mcnnd` pbd Dc|pb Qh`jcm. pbd Ntoc| Qh`jcm

co` pbd ]pdnnc| Qh`jcm/

Pbd bjibd| mdop|d}. pbd Pb|hcp. Bdc` co` M|hyo. yh|f `j|dmpnz yjpb pbd ut|d \cz dod|ijd} hg

pbd Pbj|`. ]dmho` co` Gj|}p \cz} |d}udmpjwdnz. co` c|d |d}uho}jlnd gh| pbd lc}jm mh}kjm

dod|ijd} ybjmb doclnd Btkco ldjoi} ph gtompjho c} jo`jwj`tcn. mh|uh|dcn co` }dopjdop ldjoi}

yjpb pbdj| hyo ud|}hocn |dcnjpjd}/ Pb|htib pbd}d pb|dd mbcf|c} yd c|d mhoodmpd` ph ht| p|td

drj}pdomd. ybjmb }t|wjwd} `dcpb co` mhopjotd} pb|htib kcoz njwd} cmmtktncpjoi drud|jdomd ph

u|hi|d}} hoyc|`} ph }uj|jptcn donjibpdokdop/

Pbdj| dod|iz cggdmp} t} `j|dmpnz pb|htib pbdj| c}}hmjcpjho yjpb uncodp} jo pbd pbj|` mbcf|c h|

Pb|hcp Mdop|d. pb|htib pbd ]to jo pbd }dmho` mbcf|c h| Bdc` Mdop|d. co` pb|htib pbd }pc|}

jo pbd gj|}p mbcf|c h| M|hyo Mdop|d/

Pbd Pb|hcp Mdop|d gtompjho} yjpb ut|d uncodpc|z dod|iz. ybjmb j} pbd dod|iz hg pbd uncodp}

co` pbdj| ktptcn c}udmp}. j||d}udmpjwd hg pbdj| qh`jcmcn uh}jpjho. co` cmp} c} pbd mndc|joibht}d

gh| cnn uncodpc|z coitnc| dod|iz/

Ho pbd Mdnpjm M|h}} "}dd @jci|ck =* pbd Pb|hcp Mdop|d j} mdop|cn co` mhoodmpd` ph dwd|z hpbd|

mdop|d `j|dmpnz/ Pbj} j} ldmct}d pbd Pb|hcp Mdop|d j} |dncpd` ph pbd @dwjm Dwhntpjho. co` bc}

pbd cljnjpz ph mhoodmp pbd jo`jwj`tcn ph pbd bjibd}p kcojgd}pcpjho hg coind} hud|cpjoi ho pbd

uncodp. c} ydnn c} pbd @dwjm ldjoi} fohyo c} pbd C|mbcoidn} ybh mhop|hn pbdk/

Jp j} cn}h pbd mdop|d pb|htib ybjmb yd c|d clnd ph mhoodmp yjpb ht| Bhnz Itc|`jco Coidn. pbd

ldjoi ybh bc} tnpjkcpd mhop|hn hwd| ht| ud|}hocn coind}/ Pbd Pb|hcp Mdop|d j} pbd tnpjkcpd

|d}uho}d mdop|d gh| c}udmp} ldpyddo uncodp}. pbd }ht|md hg cnn coind}. j||d}udmpjwd hg pbd qh`jcm

uh}jpjho} hg pbd uncodp}/

Kh}p jkuh|pcopnz hg cnn. jp j} pb|htib pbd Pb|hcp Mdop|d pbcp yd c|d njofd` ph ht| d}}dopjcn njgd

dod|iz. pbd pb|dd U|jkc|z \cz}/ Pbd|dgh|d. jp bc} ph ld mhoodmpd` ph dwd|z hpbd| mdop|d.

ldmct}d cnn mdop|d} |dstj|d uncodpc|z }pjktncpjho ph mhopjotd ph hud|cpd pb|htibhtp njgd/

Pbd Bdc` Mdop|d j} pbd }ht|md hg ]dmho` \cz dod|iz. ybjmb yd to`d|}pco` c} mho}mjht}od}}.co` |dncpd} ph ht| }to co` wc|jht} }jiojgjmcop jo`jwj`tcn }pc|}/ Cnpbhtib jp yh|f} yjpb }hnc|

dod|iz. pbj} j} jo`dudo`dop hg pbd uh}jpjho hg pbd ]to h| hpbd| }pc|} jo |dncpjho ph pbd qh`jcm/



Bhydwd|. ldmct}d Btkco} c|d ]dmho` U|jkc|z ldjoi}. pbd Bdc` Mdop|d cn}h bc} cmmd}} ph pbd

dod|ijd} hg cnn pb|dd U|jkc|jd}. mhkjoi g|hk pbd Lc}d. M|hyo co` Pb|hcp. co` pb|htib jp}

c}}hmjcpjho yjpb pbd C}mdo`cop jp j} cn}h ybd|d pbd pyh coitnc| }p|tmpt|d}. kciodpjm co`

dndmp|jm. kddp co` gt}d pbdj| dod|ijd}/ Pbj} mhoodmp} dcmb hg pbd qh`jcm}. co` doclnd} dwd|z

`di|dd h| coind jo dcmb qh`jcm ph |d}uho` ph co jom|dc}d hg dod|iz. co` uc}} ho pbj} }ckd

jogntdomd ph pbd }ckd `di|dd jo pbd hpbd| qh`jcm}/

Jo pbj} ycz. dcmb coind h| `di|dd yjnn bcwd c mtktncpjwd |d}uho}d `dudo`joi ho u|dwjht}dwdop} co` }jptcpjho} pbcp bcwd ijwdo jp dod|iz. jo coz hg pbd hpbd| qh`jcm}/ Pbj} bc} c

u|cmpjmcn }jiojgjmcomd jo lhpb c}p|hnhiz co` kcijm/

Pbd M|hyo Mdop|d |dncpd} ph ht| jo`jwj`tcn \cz dod|iz co` jp} mhoodmpjho yjpb jp} bjibd}p

uhjop hg h|jijo/ Jp yh|f} yjpb dod|iz g|hk md|pcjo }pc| mnt}pd|} co` icncrjd}. ybjmb bc}

ohpbjoi ph `h yjpb pbd mhowdopjhocn pydnwd }jio} hg pbd qh`jcm. ltp j} kh|d mhomd|od` yjpb c

uc|pjmtnc| uc|p hg pbd }fz. co` pbd }pc|} co` icncrjd} wj}jlnd cp dcmb jo`jwj`tcn `di|dd/ Jp

pbd|dgh|d yh|f} jo Btkco} c} Gj|}p U|jkc|z dod|iz. ijwjoi t} ht| }uj|jptcn khpjwcpjho jo jp}

ut|d}p uh}}jlnd gh|k. h| c} ut|d c} yd c|d clnd ph cuu|dmjcpd jp/

G|hk pbj} yd mco }dd ybz pbd pb|dd bjibd}p mdop|d}. pbd M|hyo. Bdc` co` Pb|hcp. mco ld

mho}j`d|d` c} pbd }ht|md hg dod|ijd} ybjmb kcfd tu ht| Bjibd| ]dng. at}p c} pbd nhyd| pb|dd

mdop|d}. pbd Lc}d. ]dr co` ]hnc| Undrt} gh|k pbd Ud|}hocnjpz. h| nhyd| }dng/

Pbd Bdc|p Mdop|d bhn`} c tojstd uh}jpjho c} pbd kd`jcph| ldpyddo pbd}d pyh uc|p} hg ht|

ldjoi} cp ht| u|d}dop }pcid hg dwhntpjho. co` yjnn mhopjotd ph `h }h topjn yd drud|jdomd

|duhnc|j}cpjho. g|hk ybjmb uhjop yd mco t}d pbd Bdc|p Mdop|d c} pbd kcjo wdbjmnd gh| ht|

ocpt|cn njgd u|hmd}}d}. lz ijwjoi jp pbd mcucmjpz ph t}d dod|ijd} g|hk pbd Bjibd| ]dng ph `j|dmp

pbd Ud|}hocnjpz jo pbd mh||dmp t}d hg coind}/

At}p c} pbd bjibd}p pb|dd mdop|d} mhoodmp ph pbd }pc|}. pbd }to co` pbd uncodp} ph gh|k pbdBjibd| ]dng. pbd ght| nhyd| mdop|d} c|d mhoodmpd` ph nc|id dod|iz gjdn`} ph gh|k pbd

Ud|}hocnjpz. co` c} uncodpc|z dod|iz bc} pbd cljnjpz ph jopd|cmp yjpb coz hg pbd}d gjdn`}. pbj} j}

bhy uncodpc|z khwdkdop} cggdmp kco pb|htib bj} nhyd| ght| mdop|d}/

Pbd Lc}d Mdop|d |dncpd} ph pbd ]dwdopb \cz h| ]dwdopb Uncod dod|iz gjdn`. ldmct}d pbj}

mdop|d mhoodmp} kco ph pbd uncodp Dc|pb‚} hyo dod|iz gjdn`. co` c} }tmb pbj} mdop|d yjnn cmp c}

uc|p hg pbd Dc|pb)} kciodpjm gjdn`. |dncpjoi ph pbd mc|`jocn mhkuc}} uhjop} wjc kciodpjm oh|pb/

Bhydwd| pbj} yjnn ld cnpd|d` jo jp} jogntdomd lz pbd ]dr Mdop|d. ybjmb |dncpd} ph pbd ]jrpb \cz

co` j} }jkjnc|nz mhoodmpd` ph pbd Khho gjdn`. co` ybjmb cggdmp} pbd ]dr Mdop|d pb|htib pbdntoc| ubc}d} jo pbd }ckd ycz pbcp pbd Khho cggdmp} ht| uncodp Dc|pb/

Njfdyj}d pbd ]hnc| Undrt} Mdop|d pbcp |dncpd} ph pbd Gjgpb \cz. j} mhoodmpd` ph pbd dod|iz gjdn`

hg pbd ]to. co` ybjmb cggdmp} pbd ]hnc| Undrt} Mdop|d pb|htib jp} cootcn }dc}ho}/ Gjocnnz.

pbd Bdc|p Mdop|d. ybjmb |dncpd} ph pbd Ght|pb \cz. j} mhoodmpd` ph pbd ]pdnnc| Qh`jcm. ybjmb j}

pbd dod|iz gjdn` hg pbd dopj|d tojwd|}d/

Dcmb hg pbd}d gjdn`} h| qh`jcm} c|d clnd ph |dcmp ybjmb dcmb hpbd| c} pbdz c|d mdop|d}

pbdk}dnwd}. dwdo pbhtib pbdz mhwd| wc}p c|dc} hg pjkd co` }ucmd. co` pbdz c|d cn}h }tladmp ph

pbd }jkjnc|jpz hg mj|mtnc| gh|k yh|fjoi pb|htib c `htlnd uhnd m|h}} ybjmb ihwd|o} dwd|z

mdop|d/ Pbj} jopd|cmpjho j} lc}d` ho pbd gcmp pbcp pbdz mhopcjo co dstcn otkld| hg `di|dd}. co`

dcmb `di|dd |du|d}dop} co coind/ Jo c``jpjho. dcmb bc} c Gj|}p Uhjop `dohpjoi pbd ldijoojoi hg

pbd `di|dd} hg pbd mj|mnd. ybjmb cnpbhtib `jggd|dop jo dcmb mc}d doclnd} pbdk ph |dncpd ph dcmb

hpbd|/



Pbd Lc}d Mdop|d j} hud|cpjwd ho pbd ndwdn hg ut|d Dc|pb mho}mjht}od}}. }tladmp ph pbd wc|jdpz

hg jogntdomd} `dudo`joi honz ho pbd idhi|cubjmcn uh}jpjho ho pbd Dc|pb‚} }t|gcmd. j||d}udmpjwd

hg pbd pjkd hg `cz h| hg pbd }dc}ho}/

Dcmb uh}jpjho ho pbd uncodp bc} c tojstd jogntdomd lc}d` ho idh+kciodpj}k ybjmb yh|f}

pb|htib pbd Lc}d Mdop|d. co` pbj} j} `td ph gctnp njod}. }p|d}} gcmph|} hg pbd pdmphojm uncpd}.

to`d|i|hto` ycpd| }ht|md} }tmb c} lnjo` }u|joi}. pbd pzud hg pd||cjo. ybdpbd| jp j} gd|pjnd h|

`d}d|p. ybdpbd| jp j} odc| c nc|id lh`z hg ycpd|. co` }h ho/

Dc|pb Qh`jcm dod|ijd} h|jijocpd g|hk ht| hyo uncodp co` drj}p jo`dudo`dopnz g|hk hpbd|

jogntdomd} }tmb c} pbd Khho co` ]to. cnpbhtib pbdz c|d }tladmp ph mhopjotcn jogntdomd g|hk

pbd}d co` hpbd| gcmph|}/ Pbd d}}dopjcn gdcpt|d hg pbd Dc|pb Qh`jcm j} pbcp dwd|z uhjop ho pbd

}t|gcmd hg pbd Dc|pb bc} c tojstd stcnjpz. co` j||d}udmpjwd hg pbd jogntdomd} cggdmpjoi dcmb

uhjop. pbj} stcnjpz yjnn |dkcjo jo`jwj`tcn co` tojstd/

Pbj} tojstd stcnjpz j} `dudo`dop ho pbd kciodpjm gh|md} hg pbd Dc|pb‚} hyo kciodpjm gjdn`.

co` pbd|dgh|d pbd }t|gcmd uh}jpjho j} `dpd|kjod` lz pbd |dncpjho}bju jp bc} yjpb pbd Oh|pb co`

]htpb Uhnd} hg pbd uncodp/

Pbd wj}jlnd `dkho}p|cpjho} hg pbj} Dc|pb Qh`jcm c|d pbd yjo`} co` pbd ydcpbd| ucppd|o}. c}

}bhyo lz wc|jcpjho} jo cpkh}ubd|jm u|d}}t|d. co` ybjmb c|d dmbhd` jo pbd mt||dop} hg pbd }dc/

Hod }udmjgjm drckund yhtn` ld c oh|pb yjo`. ybjmb ohp honz cnycz} mhkd} g|hk pbd oh|pb. ltp

j} cnycz} mhn`. ybcpdwd| pjkd hg pbd `cz. h| jo ybcpdwd| }dc}ho jp hmmt|}/ Bhydwd| homd yd

ldijo ph yh|f htp ybdo pbd mhn` oh|pb yjo` yjnn lnhy. pbdo yd bcwd ph pcfd joph cmmhtop pbd

odrp qh`jcm jo pbd }dstdomd. pbd Ntoc| Qh`jcm. h| dwdo pbd ]hnc| Qh`jcm/ Ldmct}d pbd d}}dopjcn

mbc|cmpd|j}pjm hg pbd Dc|pb Qh`jcm j} pbcp pjkd j} ohp c gcmph|/

Pbd Dc|pb Qh`jcm j} }jkunz pbd pd||d}p|jcn jogntdomd} pbcp c|d ihwd|od` }hndnz lz pbd uh}jpjho

ho ht| yh|n` jo |dncpjho ph pbd uhnd}. co` ohpbjoi dn}d/ Dwd|z uhjop ho ht| Dc|pb mco pbt} ld}ddo c} pbd mdop|d hg jp} hyo tojstd tojwd|}d. co` pbj} uhjop yjnn bcwd c `jggd|dop jogntdomd ho

cozpbjoi h| cozhod uh}jpjhod` pbd|d |dic|`nd}} hg pbd jogntdomd} c|j}joi g|hk pbd |dncpjho}bju

hg Dc|pb yjpb coz hpbd| mdnd}pjcn lh`z/

Pbj} druncjo} ybz pbd Doinj}b ncoitcid j} }uhfdo jo `jggd|dop `jcndmp} ybdo jp} lc}d j}

khwd`. co` cmmhtop} gh| pbd `jggd|domd jo pbd ycz jp j} }uhfdo jo pbd TF. T]C. ]htpb Cg|jmc

co` Ct}p|cnjc/ Jp j} ohp ldmct}d dwd|zlh`z dn}d }udcf} njfd pbcp. jp j} pbd ycz pbd uc|pjmtnc|

uh}jpjho ho pbd Dc|pb‚} }t|gcmd cggdmp} pbd }uhfdo ncoitcid. ldmct}d c khwd jo nhmcpjho

mbcoid} pbd dod|ijd} hg pbd Pbj|` U|jkc|z/ Pbj} jo pt|o cggdmp} pbd whjmd pb|htib pbd Pb|hcp

Mdop|d/

]h pbd cmptcn idhi|cubjmcn uh}jpjho hg pbd }tladmp j} jopdi|cn ph pbd gjod| ptojoi hg pbd

c}p|hnhijmcn jogntdomd} bd yjnn drud|jdomd/ Ybdo zht |dcnj}d pbcp c Btkco j} co dod|iz

}z}pdk lc}d` ho mho}mjht}od}}. co` bj} ubz}jmcn gh|k j} honz }hnj`jgjd` mho}mjht}od}}. co` pbd

uncodp }jkjnc|nz j} pbd }hnj`jgjd` gh|k hg c `jggd|dop dod|iz }z}pdk. co` lhpb Btkco} co` pbd

uncodp ho ybjmb pbdz drj}p c|d `dudo`dop ho pbd }ckd tojwd|}cn dod|iz }z}pdk ltjnp c|hto`

pbd }to. pbdo zht mco }dd pbcp c} dcmb uc|p khwd} yjpbjo co` pb|htib pbj} mhkundr }z}pdk hg

dod|iz co` ycwd ucppd|o} pbd |d}tnpjoi kcojgd}pcpjho} hg cmpjwjpz. ybjmb yd |dmhioj}d c}

dwdop}. yjnn wc|z `dudo`joi ho pbd |dncpjwd nhmcpjho} hg dcmb jo`jwj`tcn uc|p/

Pbd comjdop} yd|d cyc|d hg pbj} gcmp. co` t}d` pbj} fohynd`id yj}dnz ph }jpd pbdj| pdkund}.

mjpjd} co` hpbd| d`jgjmd} jo }jptcpjho} pbcp kc`d ld}p t}d hg pbj} ocpt|cn ubdohkdoho/ Pbdz

yd|d cyc|d hg pbd gcmp pbcp dwd|z jogntdomd g|hk ldzho` pbd Dc|pb }ubd|d. c} pbdz mcnnd` pbd

Dc|pb Qh`jcm. bc` ph ld c`at}pd` lz pbd uh}jpjho ho pbd Dc|pb hg pbd }tladmp to`d| }m|tpjoz/



Cnpbhtib pjkd j} ohp c gcmph| c} jp j} yjpb pbd hpbd| qh`jcm}. jo |dcnjpz pbd Dc|pb Qh`jcm mcoohp

drj}p yjpbhtp }hkd mho}j`d|cpjho hg pjkd. co` pbd jojpjcn |dmfhojoi hg pjkd j} `cz co` ojibp/

Pbd|dgh|d pbd Dc|pb Qh`jcm. cnpbhtib mho}j`d|d` pjkdnd}}. j} |tnd` lz c <0+bht| `cz. ltp dwd|z

`cz j} mho}j`d|d` drcmpnz pbd }ckd c} dwd|z hpbd| `cz. co` pbd|dgh|d jp j} }tladmp ph c `cjnz

mzmnd h| <0+bht| |bzpbk pbcp ldijo} cp }to|j}d dwd|z `cz/ Pbj} mhtop} c} pbd Dc|pb Qh`jcm‚}

ldijoojoi uhjop. pbd Bdc` Mdop|d h| C}mdo`cop. co` ohho ldmhkd} pbd odrp stc|pd| hg pbd

mzmnd. }to}dp pbd odrp. co` gjocnnz kj`ojibp pbd nc}p uhjop/ ]h c} yjpb dwd|z qh`jcm. jp mco ld

cnnhmcpd` uh}jpjho} c} `dpd|kjod` lz pbd Mdnpjm M|h}}. pb|htib ybjmb jp mco ld |dncpd` ph pbdhpbd| pb|dd qh`jcm}/

Pbd odrp mdop|d j} pbd ]dr Mdop|d. co` pbj} j} kh}p `dgjojpdnz `dudo`dop ho pjkd/ Jp j}

mhoodmpd` ph pbd Ntoc| Qh`jcm ybjmb j} lc}d` cicjo ho c mj|mnd `jwj`d` joph ght| stc`|cop}

ybjmb |dncpd cuu|hrjkcpdnz ph pbd Khho‚} ubc}d}. co` pbd}d stc`|cop} c|d cn}h `jwj`d` joph

}dwdo uc|p} ~ ijwjoi c |dncpjho}bju ph pbd ]dwdo \cz} ~ ph u|h`tmd c mzmnd hg <2 `cz}/ Jo

u|cmpjmd. pbd |dcn jogntdomd hg pbj} qh`jcm j} gdnp pb|htib jp} |dncpjho}bju yjpb pbd ]to.

ldijoojoi yjpb pbd Ody Khho. co` u|hi|d}}jwdnz jogntdomjoi pb|htib pbd mzmnd hg Gj|}p

Stc|pd|. Gtnn Khho. Nc}p Stc|pd| co` lcmf ph Ody Khho/

Pbd odrp mdop|d. pbd ]hnc| Undrt}. j} `dudo`dop ho pbd ]to co` jp} cootcn aht|odz pb|htib

pbd }dc}ho}. co` jp} mbcoijoi |dncpjho}bju yjpb pbd Khho cggdmp} pbd pjkd gcmph| |dndwcop ph

dcmb uncmd ho Dc|pb. co` pbd uncodpc|z mzmnd} c`at}p pbd }pdnnc| jogntdomd} gdnp lz Btkco}/ Jo

hpbd| yh|`}. pbd ]hnc| Undrt} Mdop|d j} mhoodmpd` ph pbd dod|iz gjdn` yd fohy c} pbd

mhowdopjhocn c}p|hnhijmcn qh`jcm. co` j} bhy yd c|d `j|dmpnz cggdmpd` pb|htib ht| uhnc|j}d`

mdop|d lz pbd khwdkdop hg mdnd}pjcn dod|iz. wjc pbd pb|dd U|jkc|jd} ybjmb dopd| pbd lh`z

dn}dybd|d. ltp kddp co` |dcmp jo pbj} mdop|d/

Pbd}d pb|dd qh`jcm} c|d |d}uho}jlnd gh| pbd jopd|cmpjwd jogntdomd} yh|fjoi ho c Btkco g|hk

bj} ocpt|cn dowj|hokdop/

Gj|}p pbd|d j} pbd uncmd bd njwd}. ybjmb j} pjd` jo yjpb pbd uncmd bd yc} lh|o. co` pbj} j}

hud|cpjwd pb|htib pbd Lc}d Mdop|d/ Lhpb bj} mt||dop uh}jpjho co` pbd uncmd hg bj} lj|pb

`dpd|kjod pbd stcnjpz hg bj} ubz}jmcn }hnj` gh|k co` bj} fto`cnjoj dod|iz gcmph|. ldmct}d at}p

c} bj} lj|pbuncmd j} |d}uho}jlnd gh| bj} ocpcn coind}. }h bj} mt||dop nhmcpjho j} |d}uho}jlnd gh|

pbd ndwdn} hg dod|iz gnhyjoi pb|htib pbd}d coind}. c} pbd fto`cnjoj j} pbd ocpt|cn gh|md hg pbd

Dc|pb/

]dmho`. pbd|d j} pbd pjkd gcmph| pbcp m|dcpd} pbd ocpt|cn mzmnd} hg njgd. ybjmb c|d c}}hmjcpd`

yjpb pbd ntoc| ubc}d} co` pj`d} hud|cpjwd pb|htib pbd ]dr Mdop|d/ Pbd}d cicjo c|d pjd` jo

yjpb ybdo bd yc} lh|o jo |dncpjho ph pbd}d ocpt|cn mzmnd}. co` pbd}d `dpd|kjod pbd stcnjpz hg bj} njstj` gh|k. co` pbd c}p|cn dod|ijd} bd gddn} ho co dkhpjhocn ndwdn/

Gjocnnz. pbd jogntdomd gdnp g|hk pbd ]to j} |d}uho}jlnd gh| bj} wjpcnjpz co` kdopcn cyc|dod}} c}

pbd }hnc| jogntdomd wc|jd} pb|htib jp} u|hi|d}}jho pb|htib pbd qh`jcm }jio} co` jp}

jopd|cmpjwjpz yjpb pbd kcah| uncodp}/ Pbj} cggdmp} bj} ic}dht} gh|k co` bj} kdopcn dod|ijd}.

co` homd cicjo j} pjd` jo yjpb bj} lj|pb co` pbd gh|md} hud|cpjwd cp pbcp khkdop jo cnn pb|dd

c|dc}1 pbd uncmd h| fto`cnjoj gcmph|. pbd ntoc| ubc}d pjkd. co` pbd }hnc|(uncodpc|z pjkd/

Pbd ycz ph }dd bhy pbd}d `jggd|dop qh`jcm} yh|f joph njgd j} lz wjdyjoi pbdk g|hk pbdj| hyo

mdop|d}/

Pbd Dc|pb Qh`jcm j} mho}j`d|d` g|hk pbd uhjop ho pbd }t|gcmd hg pbd Dc|pb hmmtujd` lz pbd

hl}d|wd|. ybh j} cmpjoi c} pbd mdop|d. co` c|hto` bjk. bd yjnn ld clnd ph }dd pbd khwdkdop hg

lhpb pbd bh|jqho co` pbd }fz/ Odrp. pbd Ntoc| Qh`jcm mho}j`d|} pbd ybhnd uncodp Dc|pb c} pbd



mdop|d. co` pbd Khho mj|mnd} c|hto` jp/ Pbdo pbd ]hnc| Qh`jcm. ybjmb yd c|d t}d` ph jo

c}p|hnhijmcn pd|k}. j} ybdo pbd ]to |dwhnwd} c|hto` lhpb pbd Khho co` pbd Dc|pb. }h pbcp pbd

mdop|d bc} ohy khwd` g|hk ldjoi c }joind uhjop ho pbd Dc|pb)} }t|gcmd. ph pbd uncodp Dc|pb c}

c ybhnd. co` pbdo ph pbd Dc|pb co` pbd Khho hud|cpjoi c} c }joind mdop|d/

G|hk pbj} yd mco idp c ldppd| j`dc hg ybcp pbd ]pdnnc| Qh`jcm j} clhtp/ Pbd mdop|d ohy

ldmhkd} pbd ybhnd }hnc| }z}pdk. jomnt`joi pbd Dc|pb. pbd Khho. pbd ]to co` cnn pbd uncodp}.

c|hto` ybjmb pbd }h mcnnd` ‒gjrd` }pc|}‚ mj|mnd/

Pbd dod|ijd} g|hk pbd ]pdnnc| Qh`jcm pbcp gnhy pb|htib pbd Bdc|p Mdop|d c|d |dncpd` ph pbd

Ght|pb \cz. co` `dcn yjpb coind} jo pbdj| }tladmpjwd mho`jpjho. c} ydnn c} pbh}d coind} ybjmb

mhoodmp t} ph hpbd| ndwdn}/

Pbd dod|iz g|hk pbd ]dwdo \cz} h|jijocpd} cp pbd bjibd}p ndwdn hg pbd ]pdnnc| Qh`jcm. co`

cggdmp} pbd hpbd| qh`jcm}. jomnt`joi pbd Dc|pb Qh`jcm/ Co drckund hg pbj} j} pbcp yd c|d ohy

dopd|joi Cstc|jt}. co` }h pbj} cmmdoptcpjho hg pbd dod|ijd} |dndc}d` c} hod }jio ijwd} ycz ph

cohpbd| j} gdnp `hyo pb|htib cnn pbd qh`jcm ndwdn}/

Pbj} jom|dc}d jo dod|iz yjnn ld gdnp lz Btkco} pb|htib pbdj| Bdc|p Mdop|d}. co` hwd| pbd nc}p

gdy `dmc`d} kh|d co` kh|d udhund c|d hudojoi pbdj| bdc|p} ph pbd uh}jpjwd mc|joi cppjpt`d} hg

ody cid cnpd|ocpjwd njgd}pznd}/ Pbd }ckd dod|iz cn}h gtdn} pbd gh|md} pbcp huuh}d |c`jmcn

mbcoid co` pbd khwdkdop cycz g|hk c ut|dnz kcpd|jcnj}pjm htpnhhf ho njgd1 pbd}d c|d ndgp hwd|

dod|ijd} g|hk pbd Uj}mdco Cid/ Btkco} c|d cp pbd pb|d}bhn` hg c ody cyc|dod}}. ybjmb yjnn

ld uhnc|j}d` cmpjwjpz hg pbd Bdc|p |cpbd| pbco pbd ]hnc| Undrt}. co` pbd hn` h|`d| yjnn cnycz}

}p|tiind bc|`d| ybdo odc|joi pbd pjkd hg jp} tnpjkcpd `dgdcp/

Cnn ght| mdop|d} }bhyo ho c bh|h}mhud c|d atompjho uhjop} ldpyddo kciodpjm co` dndmp|jm

dod|ijd}. ltp c} pbd C}mdo`cop kc|f} pbd ldijoojoi hg dcmb qh`jcm. c} ydnn c} |du|d}dopjoi

kco‚} mho}mjht} cyc|dod}} pb|htib bj} Bdc` Mdop|d. jp j} hlwjht}nz pbd kh}p jkuh|pcop hg pbd atompjho uhjop}/

C} pbd C}mdo`cop j} pbd kh}p }tladmpjwd uh}jpjho ho c bh|h}mhud. yd |dmdjwd h| drd|p jogntdomd

pb|htib pbd C}mdo`cop jo c }tladmpjwd ycz lz t}joi jp c} ht| ud|}hocn coind/ Gh| pbj} |dc}ho jp

mco ld t}d` ph dru|d}} pbd jogntdomd} h|jijocpjoi g|hk pbd Dc|pb qh`jcm ybjmb yh|f pb|htib

pbd Lc}d Mdop|d ltp c|d toclnd ph cggdmp t} `j|dmpnz/ Pbd|dgh|d. pbd C}mdo`cop j} pjd` jo yjpb

pbd jogntdomd} hud|cpjwd `t|joi c pydopz ght|+bht| `cjnz mzmnd. }tmb c} pbh}d hg pbd }tl+

ud|}hocnjpjd}. c} ydnn c} pbd cootcn mzmnd hg }dc}ho}/

Jo c``jpjho. dcmb mzmnd hg jogntdomd} yh|fjoi pb|htib pbd nhyd| mdop|d} bc} lhpb c }bh|p co`nhoi ud|jh`/ Pbd C}mdo`cop j} }tladmp ph lhpb c `cjnz mzmnd co` co cootcn mzmnd. ldmct}d pbd

mzmnd hg c zdc| mh||d}uho`} ph pbd uh}jpjho hg pbd ]to jo |d}udmp ph pbd Dc|pb jo h|`d| ph ldijo

cohpbd| mzmnd hg =74 `cz}/

Cnpbhtib pbdz `h ohp mh||d}uho` kcpbdkcpjmcnnz. pbd otkld| hg `cz} jo c zdc| yc} pcfdo ph

dstcpd yjpb pbd =75+`di|dd `jwj}jho} hg c mj|mnd lz pbd comjdop}/ Jo pbj} ycz pbdz mhtn`

`d}m|jld dwd|z `cz lz pbd `di|dd jp |du|d}dopd`. ybjmb mho}j}p} hg co coind yjpb jp} jo`jwj`tcn

Dndkdopcn co` @dwjm joi|d`jdop}/ G|hk pbj}. pbdz `d`tmd` pbcp dcmb `cz kt}p bcwd jp} hyo

‒ocpt|d‚. ybjmb yhtn` mh||d}uho` ph pbd }ckd `cz dcmb zdc|. bdomd pbd jkuh|pcomd hg

mcndo`c|} jo pbd comjdop yh|n`/ Pbd Ntoc| mzmnd hg khopb} cn}h |dudcp} jp} mh||d}uho`domd jo

|dncpjho ph pbd Dc|pb dwd|z ojodpddo zdc|}. ybjmb j} }bhyo ho c bh|h}mhud lz pbd uh}jpjho hg

pbd Khho‚} Oh`d}/



Pbd dc}jd}p ycz ph to`d|}pco` bhy pbd}d `jggd|dop qh`jcm} yh|f pb|htib Btkcojpz j} ph }dd

pbdk c} u|hi|d}}jwd `jwj}jho} hg cppcmbkdop ph pbd Khoc`jm j`dopjpz/ C} Btkcojpz u|hi|d}}d}

pb|htib jp} ocpt|cn }pcid} hg dwhntpjho c} mbc|cmpd|j}d` lz pbd Mdop|d} hg Uhnc|j}cpjho. pbd

jo`jwj`tcn Btkco yc} jojpjcnnz }tladmp ph ntoc| jogntdomd} pb|htib bj} ]dr Mdop|d. ybjmb bc`

pydopz+djibp `jwj}jho} lc}d` ho c khopbnz mzmnd/ Cp u|d}dop. bd j} }tladmp ph }hnc| jogntdomd}

pb|htib bj} ]hnc| Undrt} Mdop|d pbcp bc} pydnwd `jwj}jho} lc}d` ho co cootcn mzmnd/

Dwdoptcnnz. ybdo bd ldmhkd} uhnc|j}d` jo bj} Bdc|p Mdop|d. bd yjnn ld }tladmp ph pbd }pdnnc|

jogntdomd} hg pbd ]dwdo \cz}/

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Pbj} `hmtkdop j} c mhuz hg pbd ghnnhyjoi ucid} pcfdo g|hk pbd }jpd yyy/}dwdo|cz}ph`cz/mhk ~

pbdmdnpjmm|h}}/bpkuncodp}}jio}c}udmp}/bpk

ud|}hocnjpzco`}htncoind/bpkpbdght|qh`jcm}/bpk

MHKKDOP] YDNMHKD@1

bppu1((yyy/}dwdo|cz}ph`cz/mhk(9|pmhopcmp/ubu

"cnn mhopdop ª Kh Bhod <553. cnn |jibp} |d}d|wd`*


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