assuring building performance 5 page 72. commissioning page 72 commissioning (cx) commissioning...
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Assuring Building Performance5
Page 72
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Commissioning Page 72
Commissioning (Cx)
Commissioning (Cx):•Verifies that a facility has been designed, constructed and tested to perform as expected.•Relies on coordination and cooperation with all contractors for a successful project.
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The Importance of Commissioning
Cx will uncover and correct many defects that might otherwise lie hidden until well into occupancy.
Uncovering these problems during the construction process reduces the impact of the defects and provides the opportunity to make corrections.
Commissioning Page 73
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• Commissioning starts in the design phase and continues until turnover.
• The Commissioning Agent (CxA) is responsible for the entire commissioning process• Independent third party who
should be certified• Prepares Cx Plan, forms,
tests, and reports
The Commissioning Process
Commissioning Page 73
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The Commissioning Plan
The Commissioning Plan is generated during the design phase.
Cx Plan Details: •Overall testing plan and schedule of tests•Forms to record outcome•Required test devices•Personnel responsibilities
The Commissioning Process Page 73
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Coordination with the Trades
Best known benefit of Cx: Smoother, quicker turnover of building systems to operations staff.
A clear description of the expectations and responsibilities of each team member will help the Cx process.
The Commissioning Process Page 73
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Pretest and Test Plan
Some pretest requirements:•Survey of equipment•Generation and review of the system’s one-line diagram•Review of the control sequences•(see manual for more requirements)
The Commissioning Process Page 74
• Electrical contractors should meet with CxA prior to testing to go over forms and what will happen on test day.
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Commissioning Page 75
Electrical Work and Commissioning
• The electrical distribution system is the foundation for all other systems in the building.
• Electricians play a critical role in building performance by preventing electrical failures.
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What Electrical Systems are Commissioned?
• Lighting and lighting controls• Emergency power• HVAC electrics• Uninterruptible power• Power distribution
Commissioning Page 75
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Electrical Work and Commissioning Page 76
Commissioned Electrical Systems & Components
Who Participates in Commissioning?
Depends on the project and system!•Electrician •Controls Technician•Commissioning Authority•Manufacturer, if possible
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What Occurs During Testing?
During testing:• Check for damage,
deterioration, and component failures
• Functional tests of individual components
• Operational tests and measurements of the energized system
• (Deferred testing may not occur until after occupancy)
Electrical Work and Commissioning Page 76
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If problems occur:• Troubleshooting
techniques• Consult equipment and
component manuals• Check wiring• Re-verify wiring
terminations
Troubleshooting During Testing
Electrical Work and Commissioning Page 76
Safety checks should be performed at all times.
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Commissioning Pages 76-77
Documentation for Commissioning
Keep track of all documentation including failed tests and remedial actions.
•Deficiency reports leads to remedial action
•Resolution record will show that the system functions correctly
•Use these records to help support future troubleshooting
(Don't forget to take photos)
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Commissioning Page 77
O&M Training
Equipment is fully operational for the first time during Cx – use the opportunity to train O&M staff to prevent callbacks.
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Retro-Commissioning and Continuous Commissioning®
Commissioning Page 77
Retro-commissioning (Retro-Cx) is the process of going into an existing building and performing a set of inspections and tests that mirror those used in the Cx process on a new building.
Continuous Commissioning® is similar to Retro-Cx, but has an ongoing relationship between the CxA and the building, with inspections and tests repeated regularly every few years.
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Measurement & Verification Page 78
Measurement and Verification (M&V)
Measurement and Verification helps to determine a building’s actual energy performance.
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M&V and Retrofits
Simple!
Measure energy consumption before and after retrofits and improvements by collecting utility data.
Measurement & Verification Page 78
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….Not as simple
Computer models are used to estimate performance but have overestimated savings in many cases.
These models don't always match reality.
M&V and New Construction
Measurement & Verification Page 78
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IPMVP from the EVO
Standards for Verifying Energy Efficiency in Buildings
Measurement & Verification Page 79
International Performance Measurement and Verification Protocol (IPMVP) by the Efficiency Valuation Organization (EVO)
Four options for M&V depending on whether it's a:
A.Retrofit
B.New Construction Project
C.Whole Building
D.Portion of a Building
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What is Included in an M&V Plan
• Description of the energy efficiency measures implemented
• Selection of the baseline and reporting periods
• Identification of routine and non-routine adjustments
• Selection of meters
Measurement & Verification Page 79
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Digital meter
Electromechanical meter
Electric Meters for M&V
• Standard energy meters
• Time-of-day meters
• Demand meters
• Interval meters
• Smart meters
Measurement & Verification Page 80
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Electric Meters for M&V Page 80
Operational Savings through Submeters
• Unless used for billing, don't need to be as accurate as utility meters
• Connected the same as utility meters
• Pay attention to location
• Check wireless connection
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CLASSROOM EXERCISE #3LOCATING SUBMETERS
Pages 82-83
INSTRUCTIONS:
In the scenarios on pages 82-83, where would it be most useful to place submeters on a commercial building to improve energy efficiency through M&V?
Review and discuss the systems with your team.
List them in order of importance for submetering and be ready to explain your choices to the class.
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CLASSROOM EXERCISE #3LOCATING SUBMETERSQUESTIONS TO CONSIDER:
1.Which building systems use the most energy?
2.On which building systems would submetering reveal crucial information about building functioning issues?
3.On which building systems would submetering reveal occupants' behavioral use of electricity?
4.What are 3 achievable results from making adjustments using the information gained by submetering?
Pages 82-83
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JobManagement6
Page 84
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Whole-Building Coordination
Buildings are complex, integrated systems, where work done in one area can have a profound impact on the success of a green measure in another area.
Whole-Building Coordination Page 84
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Inter-Trade Coordination
Where trades' work overlaps, good coordination is critical.
•Floor penetrations
•Underfloor distribution of HVAC and wiring
•BMS systems
•Low VOC coatings and glues
27Whole-Building Coordination Pages 84-85
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Scheduling
Make sure to budget time for:• Flush-out• Documentation• Verification of substitutions• Adjusting controls and
sensors• Assisting with the Cx
process
Whole-Building Coordination Page 85
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Material Submissions
• The materials used on a green building must exactly match the specifications
• Green specifications are much less flexible than those in conventional buildings
• Substitutions require careful review and analysis
Whole-Building Coordination Page 85
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Recovered steel conduit
Recycling fluorescent lamps
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Waste Disposal
• Recycling of discharge lamps
• Disposal of magnetic ballasts (PCBs)
• Recycle or reuse steel conduit
Whole-Building Coordination Page 86
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Site Environmental Quality Page 86
Site Environmental Quality
Pay attention to conditions while construction is underway.
•Bathroom policy
•Smoking policy: No smoking in finished areas
•Disposal of food waste: All food waste in specially designated trash bins
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Job-Site Education
Quick orientation to make sure every worker on the job understands:•Safety should never be compromised•This is a green and sustainable building project – special conditions will apply•What makes this project green•Policy for locating bathrooms and designated smoking areas
Site Environmental Quality Page 87
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Conclusion
A knowledgeable and prepared electrician is critical to the successful construction of a green building.
You now have the tools and knowledge needed to facilitate a green project and are now part of a growing green building workforce and industry.
Page 88
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Thank You!
Green Professional Building Skills Training Program