442 THE BRITISH MEDICAL _OURNAL. [Sept- 30, I876.

MIDDLEUSEX HOSrITAT.-Broderfi Scholarshifs-s. Frederick Rellaby; 2. Tho.James.("Geermor's Prize-Frederick lellaby. C(i',icaiPrize-W. C. Storer Ben-nett. ,lfedipine-R. C. Thomas. Sur -ery-T. P. Ncarsc. P thologica/ . l ateoy-Frederick Bellaby. Practical Sugery - 're'lerick Bellaby. Ana.toyt-JohnHartley. Physio/oCy--H. 1'. Mason. Ckl-nzisty)-J. '1'. James. Dissectious-W.ClayJones. MlitIuWfry-John Hartley. Ae/lcd yurisprude'ze-L. H-line. Ma.feria refica-J. T'. James. 1/afty -J. 'E. James. 1i',acticea Chemistry-J. .

Janes. l'raetical i'thysiehwry- E. R. Cree. I'st/o/r'/ilAkdicinc-ThomasJackson, I. A. Ml'edlical Society's Prize-Win. Sitevensoi, WV. C. Storer Bennett,and Win. Walker. Entratwe Scito/ars/tis, Octoler 1875-!. J. H. Martin : 2. C.Williamc. Cert,7i'cates of 1/onor: AA-/ici,,c-F. Btellaby, A. R. Davis. ThomasJames, l,. Hine, ThomasJackson. VSrgery- If. It. AMasoiv, Thos. Jackson. P'rac-tica/Sutrrety-ThomasJamiies. Anatomyty-R. Al. Webster, E. A. Fardon, L. Hine,A. McAusland. J. T. James, Thomas Jackson. 'thysiology- E. A. lardon, J. 1'.James. Practical '/ysiuolgy-J..'T. Janics. Ckeniistry-j. C. Morison, L. Mathe.son. Practical Chentistry-J. M. Rogers, J. Royston, W. E. Alden, AMida'-uifery-Thomas Jackson, Leonard Hine, A. M1cAtisland. Win. Davies. If7orensic- Ne/e.cite-T. Jackson, A. McAusland. Ma/fcn-ia Afdtira-W. A. Hnrnibroil:;. W. E.Alden, C. E. Thompson. Blotray-W. A. Hontibrook. Putbic lce/fftl-T. Jackson.Psyc/:ologicat lledicine-;,- H ine.

ST. TtOlMAR'S HOSrPITAL..-S!U/Afe-rv' .StssiOI, 187.-Second entars Studends-C. E. Sheppard, L's and Certificate: C,. I'. Iongstaff, £To and Certificate; F. H.Weekes. j;S and Certificate. Firsi 3- twr's Stnderts-J. Shaw, L15 and Certifi-cate; WV. r. XVWoodmana, lo and Certificate; H. Castle, £s and Certificate:S. J. Taylor and S. A. Crick, Certificates.- lIiutlr Session, x875-76. En-treace Seience Sclrolarshits - H. A. H. Fenton, £6o ; '. D. Savill. £40.First Year's Students- T. D. Savill, W\illiam 'ite Scholarship and Certifi-cate; A. NCewSholiuc, £;26 and Certificate; Takaki Kanehiro, Zito and Cer-tificate; C. A. Ballance, A. Purkiss, and Ho Kai, Certificates. Second `ears'Students -S. J. Taylor, Musgrove Scholarslhip, £42, and. Ccetificate * J.Shaw. in2 and Certificate. Third ] ears Stndenfts-G. P.. LongstafT, L20and Certificate; C. E. Sheppard, £;r and Certificate; F. H. Weekes, £zo and (cr-tificate; E. H. D. Gimlette and F. V. (;iles, Certificates. Physical Society'sPrizes-E. H. Jacob, Third Year's Prize and Certificate; C. E. Sheppard, SecondYear's Prize and Certificate; D. S. Davies, First Year's Prize and Certificate.Prosectors-S. A. Crick and R. H. E. Knags, Prizes and Certificates. ResidentAeeouehentrs-Walter Edmunds, S. V.Joscplh, G. F. Rossiter, and C. C. Smith,Certificates. Ilouse-I'hysieians-C. H. Newby, G. E. Rossiter, Walter F.dminds,H. P. Potter, and S. W. J. Joseph, Certificates. Housr-Sur.geons-H. P. Potter,H. I[. Clutton, and C. H. Newby, Certificates.

UNIVERSITY COLLrG.E.-WinJer Sessien, 1875-76.-Surepry: Gold Mledal, H.Cane; ist Silver, Francis J. Davies- 211d Silver, Frank S. Goulder: Certificates-4. equal, V. R. Nicholson, C. J. Watson: 6. WV. Ml. Hope; 7. 1I. R. Dale; 8.David Jones; 9. XV. Gristock; to. James Hudson: Ir. J. Thoresby Jones. Phj'-siolroy- Gold Medal, W. S. Tuke ; Ist Silver, eqtual, WV. W. Colborne, J. R.. Salter,K. 1. Smith. An-el Mtoney; Certificates-6. N. S. Whitney; 7. H. R. Heather¢iqgg* S. L. C. Ponsford; 9. WV. R. Parker; to, equal, Reginald Pratt and S. 1HI.Henty. Anatorny-Gold Medal. J. Stanley N. lovd: rst Silver, Williamnk 1;-i.rks;snd Silver. D. J. Williams: Certificates-4. J. Ftllford; S. K. R. Smith; 6. F. W.S. Ctlhane; 7. A. A. Lcndon; 8. J. E. Bullock; 9. Bilton Pollard; zo. C. 1B. Hill;iI. C. 1. Maxwvell; i2. S. E. Duncan; 13. D. F. Dymott. _un ior C/ass-SillerMedal, C. J. Bond: Certificates-2. V. A. H. HorsTCy; 3. P. k. Shearmn;ll 4. R.Pratt; 5. F. H. Saunders; 6. A. E. Permewan; 7. WV. H. Neale ; 8. J. F. E.smon;g. W. D). C. XElliams; Lo.H. M. Murray; itI. R. S. Walton; i2. G. B. XWray; 13.John Rees; 14. George Serjeant; i5. F. X. Mlott; x6. A. E. Buckell; 17. James'r. Mlitchell. Chaisnistry-Gold Medal, F. L. Teed ; ist Silver, A. J. Harries; 211dSilver. Ernest A. Parkyn: Certificates-4. Xr. Chisholm; 5, equal, J. A. Voelcker:and R. S. Walton: 6. P. E. Shearman : 7. R. T. Plimpton; 8, equal, Denis W.Donovan and Charles E. Cassall; g. James Norie; io. P. N. Bose; TI. J. G. Ash-ley; is2. Ernest WV. Farmer; x3, eqrual, D. F.. Anderson arid 1). WV. Bluxton ; 14.equal, A. E. Garrod, W. G. K. Barnes, and Chas. J. Bond; 15, equal, G. K.Twynam. aod A. Northcott; I6, equal, P. R. Griffiths, S. A. Russell J. A. Ogilvie,and Hector Lange. Alkedicine-Gold 'Mcdal, T. K. Rogers; ISt Siliver. equal, K.R. Kirtikar and J. S. Bury: Certificates-4. C. F. 1udler; S. L. Al. Buckell; 6.S. H. Burton 7, equal, A. E. Broster and W. Ml. Hope; 9. James Hudson: to.H. F. Bailey; xx. Howard Cane. IracticrlPytsioogy- Gold Mledal, J. R.. Salter;ist Silver, H. R. Heather Bigg: Certificaies-3, equal. Alfred Hinde, K. R. Smith,and A. A. Lendon. Comt,6arative Anatomtzy and Zoology-Goold Aledal, A. Atila-ram ; ast Silver, R. I. I'ardley; 2nd Silvur, T. A. Colfax : Certificates-4. JamesIsaac Paddle; S. Thomas 13olton; 6. .1. Campbell Oman; . A. H. N. Lewers.Clinical 3tediei,,r: Re>llmus 1edtals-Gold, L. Martin Buckell; Silvcr, FrankPerry. 7nt/sior Class; Frel/a'aes Aiedals-ist Silver, A. E. Broster: 2nd Silver, J.S. Bury: Certificates- . WV. H. Blake; 4. F. S. Goulder; 5. W. J. Frankish; 6,equal, C. F. 13Bldler and XV. M. Hope ; 7. Peter Cooper; 8. James Hudson; 9,equal, B. B. Joll and F.. J. Thoimpsonx. Bruc' MlheAal-Francis J. Davies.-SunmncrSession.-P'at/hooical Anatomiy:-Fil/iter Fxhibition-G. C. Henderson ; SilverMledal, Richard S. Miller: Certificates-3. F. L. Ber.ham; 4. K. )Z. Kirtikar; 5.H. R. Dale. Practical Chemzistry (Senior- Class)-Gold Medal, J. A. Voelcker;iSt Silver, A. J. Harries; 2nd Silver, J. P. A. Gabb: Certifhcates-4. Wm. flanks;t. W. R. Parker; 6, equal, A. A. TLendon and William S. Tuke;, 7, equal, W. A.ory and D). Duncan; 8. H. M1. Murray; 9, e(qual, J. E. Hine, L. C. Ponsford,

and N. S. XVhitney; to, equal, P. E. Shearnria, J. 1. Piddle, and T. XV. MNott.7unior C/ass-Goldl Medal, 11. M. Murray; tst Silver, C. E. Cassal : 2ntl Silver,Wm. Chisholm: Certificates-4. F. B. K WVohrtitzi: 5, equal, C. Eardlev-Willmot,A. Northcott, aund R. E. Roth; 6, equal, WV. G. K. Barnes, C. J. Bond, R. S. Wal-tol, J. '1'. Ilyslop, and E. F. Greenhlil; 7, equ.al, A. Atmarain, A. W. Dingley, E..W. XV. Farrmuer, olin Hodgkin, V. C. Adam., Ml. F Sayer, and L. C. Parkes; 8,equal, J. It. Day, C. ])owning. George Sperjeant, and Thomras Bolton; 9. eqlttwi. Jass.Noic, S. H. flenty, G. F. Twynarm, A. F.. XX igg, A. Warbrurton, 0. H. XVhite-lek-'eJ. M. llirgs, S. J. llickhsn, and JamesS. MI'onagli; io, equal, 'f. A. Colf..sJas.1. Alitchell\,W. isl. Al'(). Clapp, and Josiah Bc33ddov ; it, eutal, F. Al. H1oill.t,A. E. Garrod, S. MI. H .ward. P. R. Griffitlis, trd A. E.. Pcriiiewan. JbtleridsM,4edica and'Therateutirs-Gold Mleda!, Angel Mloney; ist Silver, P. F. Shear-man ; 2nd Silvcr, F. W. MNlott: Certificates-4. John E. Hine 5, equal, GeorgeSerjeant sod Alfred 1F.. Wigg. M1iidwi/emy (NScior Clnss)-Gold Medal, Henry E.Spencer; Silver, F. L. Benham: Certificates-3. T. K. Rogers; 4. John S. Joule;5. Henry F. Hann; 6. C. F. Budler; 7. H. 1F. D)ale; 8. Lewis Fabien; 9. H.Yoshlda. 7unior Class-Silver Medal, W. 1). C. %Villiams: Certificates-2. J. k.Neale; 3. W. Gristock; 4. C. M. Maxwell; s. T. Buxton. Medicat urish,6ru-

dence-Gold Medal, John S. Goule; Silver, C F. Budler: Certificates-. F. LBlenham; 4. T. E. MacGeagh; 5. James Hudson; 6. C. NM. Maxwell;*. loyd BJoll; 8, equal, H. Yoshida and John Fulford. Botatny-Gold Medal, S. H. Hentyist Silver, Mark F. Sayer; 2nd Silver, L. C. Ponsfurd: Certificate-4. A. Atmaram.Hygiene and Putblic I eal/rk-Silvcr Mcdal and ist Prize, W. Gristock: Certifi-cates-a, equal, Boyd B. Joll and F. S. Goulder. 0phthalmic Medicine and Sur-gery-Silver Medal, James Ryley: Certifil-ate-2. Lewis Fabien. Mettal Diseases-P1rize and Silver Mcdial, T. K. Rogers : Certificates-2, equal, NV. Y. Harvey, L.Fabien, and T. r. MfacGeagli.

WVESTMINSTER HOSIITAi..-EJf/r/iCCCe ScAho(irshss- x. A. Mfercer Davie.s-; 2.No award. M11r. DaMI'ys IriWZfor Practical Anatonty-G. H. Buitler and G. CGib-bin, equal. EXhibiti(J' it A na/onyIidt li'iysiology-A. Mercer Davies. Scholar-

0 in A na/tywran /'ysio/loy-'r. Capell and '1. G. Munyard, equal. FredericBirbiMdiedal and I'rizre-J. L. J aqoct. Chadivick Prize-Win. J. Foster. ClassCertz/ietes: ynnierr.4natowt) - x. A. Mercer Davies and G. Gubbin. 7unior P/ty.sio/agy-2. G. Gubbits and A. AMercer Davies. Chtemistry-i. Mercer Davies; 2.A. J. Verrall. Senior Anatonty- i. T. Capell, Horace Elliott, and Thos. G. Mun-yard, equal; 2. G;eorge Shaw. Senior I'kysiola>r-x. George Shaw; 2. HoraceElliott. lfistoloqy-s. Thomas G. Miyluard; 2. 1'. Capell, Iloracc Elliott, and 0.Shaw, equal. 7n;nPior Sutge}y-2. Thomas G. ulnyard. Senior Medicine-i. W.J. Foster. SeniorSSrgery-si. Wm. J. Foster; 2. George Eliot,

BRIsTOT. MiuDICAL SCTIOOL.-Pirt Yteajir's Prize, John C. Heaven: Second ] eatr sPrice, not awarded ; Third ]e'ajr's fPrize, Cecil Henderson; Prize for PracticalAnatomy. Ernest Blacker.-RoYAL INFIRMARY. Sitple Mfedical Prize and GoldMfeaal, William G. H. B.Mlanrsh; Sntc Surgiceal J',ie rand Gold Medal, John JlR.Guy: C/ark Prize, Cecil Henderson. -GENERAL HOSPITAL. Gathrie SckolarskiV,T. Chalmers Norton; Clarke Scialfarsiip, Edward M. Knapp; Sanders SrAholar-sAti, not awarded.

LVIVERPOOL ROYAL I NFIRMARV SCHOOL o(r MxDicINR.-Wniert Session.-TtirdYear Subjects (Medicine, Surgery, and Pathology)-Mr. J. Wigglesworth, SilverMedal; M r. Rose, 13ronze Medal. Second 1'ear Subjects (Advanced Anatomy andPhysiology)-Mr. T. M. Portcr, Torr Cold Medal; AMr. C. E. Steele, Bronze Me-dal;:Mr. r. Bickerton, Ceitificate. First Year Sulcjects (Elementary Anatomyand Physiology, and Chemistry)-M-Mr. R. Bredin, Bligh Gold Medal; Mr. A. Mee-son, Bronze Medal; Mr. A. Rich, ist Certificate,; Mr. McPherson, and Certificate.Su'turer Session: f7,uior Snt/jects (Botany, liateria Medica, and Practical Che-mistry)-MIr. Hayxvard. Silvcr Mledal; Mr. Afeeson, Bronze Medal; Mr. Rich, ittCertificate; Mr. J. G. Browvn, 2nd Certificate. CoztparativeAnato.*tiny and Zooloi..y-Air. R. Honeyburne, Prize; Mr. R. Prothero, Mr. C. E. Steele, and Mr. J. G.Brown, Honorary Ccrtificates. Ilistological lrize-Mlr. Dempsterand Mr. Holmes.equal. Royal In/Zrmary Clinical P'rizes-Physicianis', Mr. Hughes; Surgeons',Mr. Wigglesworth. Stnidet¢s' Debating Soriety's Prizes-ist Essay, Mir. Wiggles.worth; 2nd Essay, Iar. C. Steele; Clinical Reports, Air. Twinem.

UNIVFcRSITV OF DUIRHANI COLLEGE OF MIEDICINE, NEWCASTLE-OrN-TYNE.-II in-ter Session, 1875.76. Anatonty-Mieduil and ist Certificate, A. Al. Goyder; 2ndCertificate, WV. T. Sweet. Dissectio:s-Medal and Certificate, A. hi. Goyder. P/hy-sio/rcy-Mcdal and Ist Certificate, A. M. Goyder. Cientisfry-Medal and ist Cer.tificate, J. R. )odd. Suerrcry-Mtedal and ist Certificate, Al. Malvin; 2nd Ccrti-ficste, G. R. Moore. Mfedicine-Atedal and ist Certificate, J. B. Emmerson; 211(1Certilicate, Wm. Le Page aindl G. R. Moore, equal; 4th Certificate, M. Duggan.-Summer Session, 1876. Cherniisery (Practica!)-Silver Medal and 1st Certificate,H. T. Bowman ; 2nd Certificate, A. Snowdon; 3rd Certificate, J. R. Dodd. Botany-Silver Medal and iSt Certificate of Honour, J. R. Dodd. Ala/eria Mfedica annTh.ra/entics-Silver Medal and ist Certificate, J. R. Dodd ; 2nd Certificate, V. J.Smith. Midizwifery-Silver Mledal and ist Certificate, C. J. Sutherland; 2and Cer-tificate, T. ('. Ain-ley. Mceilicilr %risrndince-Silver Mecdal and ist Certificate,C. Green. Peathologrical A Ieatonrly-Tst Certificate. T. G. Ainsley ; 2nd Certi ficate,C. Green ; 3rd Certoficate, M. 3lalvin. PracticalP/eysio/ogy-Silver Medal and IS,Certificate -T. C. Squasrce; 2nd Certificate, J. R. Dodd; 3rd Certificate, R. R.Jones.

ASSOCIA)'ION I.NTELLIGENCE.SOUTII MIDLAND BRANCIh.

TIF. autumnal mneeting of this Branch will he held at the Town Hail,Woburn, oil Friday, October 13th, at 3.30 P.h.; H. W. SHARPIN,Esq., President, in the C(hair.

l)inner at the Hotel at 5.30 P.Ml.Gentlemen intending to read papers, or to be present at the dinner,

aire requested to communicate at once with Dr. Bryan.An excursion to Woburn Abbey is proposed at I.30 P.m.

J. M. BRYAN, M.D. Io>torary Secretaris.WV. MOXON, Esq.Northampton, Septemiber gtb, Y876.

THAMES VALLEY BRANCH.A MTEETING of the above Branch will be held at the Board Room,R'ichmond Infirmary, at 5 o'cloclk, on Wednesday, October i8th, 1876.A papcr will be read l)y J)r. TI'liorowgood ; and a discussion wvill

then take plalce on the Treatment of lurns.Tlhere will be a dinner afterwards at tie Greyhound Hotel at Seven

o'clock. Chargre, 7s. 6(1. each, exclusive of wiine.Those who intend to he present at the (]inner are requeste(l to sell(l

word Lu the IHonorary Secretary as soon as possible.F. P. ATKINSON, Ilenorary Secretary.

Surbiton Road, Kingston-on-Thames, Sept. 27th, 1876.

Sept. 30, 1876.] THE BRITISH MEDICAL 700RNAL 443

COMMITTEE OF COUNCIL:NOTICE OF MEETING.

A MEETING of the Committee of Council will be held at the Officeof the Association, 36, Great Queen Street, Lincoln's Inn Fiel(ds,London, on Wednesday, the i8th day of October next, at Threeo'clock in the afternoon. FRANCIS FOWEE,

General Secretary.36, Great Queen Street, London, W.C., September 27th, I876.

WEST SOMERSET BRANCH.Tim autumnal meeting of this Branch will be held at the Red LionHotel, Dulverton, on Thursday, October 5th, at Five o'clock: FREDK.FARMER, Esq., President.

Full particulars by circular.W. M. KELLY, MI.D., Honorary Secretarty.

Taunton, September i8th, 1876.

SOUTH-EASTERN BRANChI: EAST SURREY DISTRICTMEETINGS.

TIHE next meeting will be held at the White Hart Hotel, Reigate, onThursday, October 12th, at 4 P.M.; Dr. C. HOLMAN in the Chair.The following communications are promised.I. Mr. Durham: A Paper.2. Mr. Maunder will exhibit three patients recently submitted to

Osteotomy of the Femur.3. A Case of Hydrophobia, by Mr. R. Steele, with notes by Dr.

Dyce Duckworth.4. Missed Labour in a Cow, with Delivery after use of Barnes's

Bags, by Mr. Hawker and Mr. R. Steele.S. A RIsrmni of a Year's Practice in the Reigate Cottage Hospital,

by Dr. Walters.6. Two Cases of Fracture of both Thighs, by Dr. Flood and Dr.

Holman.Dinner will be provided at the White Ilart Ilotel at 6 r.M. Tickets,

exclusive of wine, 6s. a head.JOHN H. GALTON, M.D., Honorary Secretary.

Woodside, Anerley Road, S.E., September 20th, 1876.

BORDER COUNTIES BRANCH.THE autumnal meeting of the above Branch will be held at WVhite-haven, in the Board Room of the Whitehaven and West CumberlandInfirmary, on Friday, October 20tli, at I P.m.

Gentlemen intending to read papers, or to be present at the dinner,are requested to give notice to the Secretaries.

RODERICK MACLAREN,JOHN SMITIH, Honorary Seretares.

Carlisle, September 26th, 1876.

SOUTH-EASTERN BRANCH: EAST KENT DISTRICTMEETINGS.

THE sixty-first meeting was held at the National Hospital for Scrofula,Margate, on Thursday, September 7th; Dr. PITTOCK of Margate inthe chair.

After partaking of luncheon, hospitably provided by the Governorsof the Institution, the wards of the hospital were visited, and muchpleasure expressed with all the arrangements of the place, and greatinterest shown in the practice of the different surgeons.

Conjoined Meeting.-At the suggestion of Dr. MONCKTON, the Pre-sident of the Branch, it was unanimously agreed that a conjoint meetingof the members of the East and West Kent Districts of the South-Eastern Branch should be held at Rochester on November 24th; andthat Dr. Monckton be requested to take the Chair.

Excision of the Knee.-Mr. TREvEs read a paper on Excision of theKnee-joint, with the description of a new mode of performing theoperation. He gave brief notes of cight cases in which he had per-formed excision, all of which were successful, while one succumbed topyemia.

Mefchanical Force and Amputation.-Mr. REID communicated apaper on some relations of mechanical force to the question of amputa.tion in injuries to the extremities. The chiief object of the remarkswas to show what an important bearing the weight, velocity, directionsof force, and character of the implement had in determining the degree

and extent of injury, not only when doubt arose about saving limb andlife, but also in the election of the part through which amputaltionshould be performed. Although these qualities of matter had been ex-tensively applied in estimating the effect of gun-shot wounds, especiallyin the new projectiles used in modern warfare, yet they scarcely seemedto receive the emphasis they deserved in the ordinary severe accidlentsof civil life. Several cases occurring in the practice of the CanterburyHospital were quote(d to illustrate the principles adevocated.Dinner.-The members, to the number of eighteen, afterwards

dined together under the Presidency of Dr. Pittock, at the CliftoiivilleHotel.

REPORTS OF SOCIETIES.PATHOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF DU1BLIN.

HENRY KENNEDY, M.B., l'resident, in the Chair.Exornphlos.-Dr. ATTIIILL showed a specimen of thlis malformation

in a still-born foetus of five months. The intestines and the abdominalviscera were contained in the sac. The very large left lobe ofthe liver completely overlapped the equally snmall stomach, which laybehind it.

Papilloma ofthe Bladder: Profracted lIwmaturia.-Dr. A. \V. FOOTexhibited a specimen of villous tumour, or papilloma of the bladder,from the body of a man, aged 65. It occupied the usual, according toRindfleisch the invariable, situation of such tumours, the irig,xonum zvesicw,springing from a base of irregular outline about two inclhes broa(l bytwo inches and a half long. It had involved and occluded the orificeof the right ureter, which was impervious to the finest probe; thisureter was so dilated as to equal in breadth parts of the contractedcolon in the same subject. The right kidney was expanded with re-tention cysts, and its parenchyma was much atrophied by the pressureof its distended pelvis, infundibula, and calyces. The capacity of thebladder was increased; its mucous membrane, of a pale cream colour,was more or less bathed in pus from recent cystitis. Viewed underwater, the papilloma exhibited a pale, soft, shaggy structure, protrudingabout half an inch from the mucouis surface. There was a second sessilecondylomatous.looking growth, of the size of a fourpenny-piece, aboveand to the outer side of the orifice of the left ureter. A piece of one ofthe tufted processes of the larger growth was found to be principallycomposed of fusiform and spindle-shaped cells, studded with oil-droplets,and covered with numerous pigmentary particles. D)r. Foot also exhi-bited the anus and rectum of the same subject, which presented in amarked degree the pathological features of chronic lnemorrlioids. Theanal aperture was occupied by rings of transverse rugx, studded wvithrounded protuberances and fungoid tumours; the lining membranc ofthe rectumn was thrown into prominent bluislh longitudiinal folds streakedwith plexuses of varicose capillaries. An incision inito the anal pro-tuberances showed calyciform phlebectases filled with blood-clot: intothe longitudinal rectal folds, a spongy tissue, the pores of wllich wercformed of the lumina of the dilated veins, the septa by their coalescedwalls. For thirty years, the man, who led a sedentary life as a soli-citor's clerk, had suffered from piles, which frequently bled, often for afortnight at a time. Three years before his death, the piles ceasedbleeding; and hcematuria came on, and continiued, wvitli the exceptionof an interval of two months, to within a week of his death. He cameinto the Meath Hospital a month before his death, because of painfuland frequent micturition, which had not previously attended the hzemat-uria. The urine was as dark as porter, and showed hosts of blood-corpuscles. There was neither acdema, dyspeptic symptoms, or lumbarpain; no evidence of renal, or vesical calculus of purpura, or enlargedprostate. The diagnosis was considered to lie between villous tumourand hamaturia vicarious to the habitual discharge from the haemor.rhoidal veins. Much difficulty ensued from the coagulationi of the bloodin the bladder after the use of styptic and astriingenit nmelicines. Neitherwashing the bladder with a large double catheter, nor the use of theaspirator-catheter, nor oval suction of the catheter removed sufficientclot to relieve the urgent symptoms. Dr. Foot attempted the diges-tion of the blood-fibrine by injecting the bladder witlh a solutioii ofpepsine, 20 gr.; dilute lhydrochloric acid, 5tj ; tinicture of opium, 3jwarm water, 4 oz. Thllis, though it occasione(d miiuclh smartin-t,, sfollowed soon by the easy passage of much softened coagula. Cystitisresulted, probably from the amount of instrumiental interference; andthe urine, rctaining its porter colour, became alkaline, ropy, andl fimtid.These symptoms subsided under the use of salicylic anid benzoic acids,and the urine regained its usual odour and acidity, lost its hlxmorrhagiccharacter, but exhibited a deposit of pus-cells. The piles at once again

Sept. 30, 1876.] THE BRITISH MEDICAL 7OURA4L 449

successful one; but few physicians will now deny that Laycock's pointof view is the true one; that his whole governing idea is that of thegenuine medical philosopher; and that the very attempt was a nobleand a masterly one. The mere labour of collecting and arranging thefacts was gigantic; and we believe that, if his lucidity had been equalto his depth, and his power of exposition equal to his thinking, hisbook wouldhave marked an epoch alike inphysiology and in psychology.It will ever remain a landmark in the region of the contact of mindwith organised living matter. His work on IZysteiria and ObscureANr-zous Diseases will, Gore think, stand the test of time. It broughtsome order out of absolute chaos. His observations and hypotheses asto the effeet of the brain and nerve-centres in the causationand regulationof animal temperature in health and disease, of nutrition, of anasarcas,of rheumatic and gouty inflammations, and in diseases generally, wereboth highly original and practical. He did much to make trophiccentres in the brain real to medical men. His theories of diathesisand their applications to disease were most original, and brought intonotice facts of importance to the practitioner. His theory of limited" vascular areas" in the brain corresponding to certain functional areas,and of the general correspondence between this development in embryoof the great nerve-centres and the great vascular tracts in the brain,have received much confirmation from the investigations of Heubnerand Duret. His theory as to the division of the brain into the threesystems of the basilar corresponding to animal life, the middle tosensorial-animal, and the higher to the intellectual and inhibitory func-tions of man, no doubt, contains much truth. His theory of the func-tions of the cerebellum being that of storing up and giving out, in aregulated way, supplies of vis nervosa, is highly ingenious. He wasone of the first to apply the doctrine of evolution to the developmentof the nervous centres in the animal kingdom and in man; and indeed,in one of his early papers, he foreshadowed the evolution theory. Hisspeculations as to " organic memory", and its hereditary transmission,are swell worthy of study. And the last, but not least, of his achieve-nients which the space at our disposal will allow us to mention, are hislabours and writings in regard to public health. His papers on theDevelopment of a General Law ofVital Periodicity and of the Return ofEpidemics, on the Vital Statistics of England, and the Public Hygieneof Great Britain, and his Report of the Sanitary Condition of York,were of the greatest importance to the science of hygiene at a timewhen it 'was struggling and unheeded. They clearly showed that Lay.cock was no mere theorist. Looking at Dr. Laycock from a psyclho-logical point of view, he was a man of immense and unceasing industry,both in reading and thinking, of wide grasp, and of great mental inge-uity. His was a speculative and philosophical mind, with a strong

tendency to look into the reasons of things, to think about everything,and to generalise in regard to everything he thought about. This was,in other respects, his wveak point, for he could not help coming to gene-ral laws in regard to his facts, whether they admitted them or not.In his lectures on fevcr, he had every pyrexia to which a name had everbeen given all marshalled in genera, and species, and groups, just likea botanist witd his plants. He was systematic and orderly in his work,in his reading, and in his storing up of facts, of which he was a closeobserver and collector. The daily newspapers contained for him manyfacts illustrating medical psychology, which were duly cut out and put intheir proper places. The medical press always contained cases illustrat-iing his theories or suggesting others. His cases in hospital werealwayssuggesting nees ideas, and, above all, his reading of medical books-and we believe he wvas the best read man in English, German, andFrench medical literature in his profession-was ever bringing newideas, and adding to his facts.As a teacher, we must admit that Laycock did not always reach or in-

terest the average medical student. He was, however, highly suggestiveto the more thoughtful in his classes, and his teaching intluenced themy rrnmanently throughout their lives, often giving a direction to theirs udies. He did very much for the teaching of mental diseases in theUniversity of Edinburgh. He originated a summer course of lectureson " Medical Psychology and Mental Diseases", and had often as manyas forty students. 'Many men took to asylum life in this way. Hisclass wvas the nest from which many of the Northern Asylum superin-tendents took their fledgling assistants.

Personally, he was a man rather under the middle size, with a beau-tifully shaped head and very well cut features, of the "NNeuroaarthriticdiathesis", as he described himself, with rather a cold manner, givingthe impression of being somewhat egotistical, and not sufficiently aliveto the feeling and amour propre of others. But, to those who knewhim better, he was a genial companion and friend. lIle was a widowersince 1869, and leaves a son and daughter; the former, Mr. G. L.Laycock, took his M.B. degree in the University of Edinburgh inAugust last.

PUBLIC HEALTHAN~D

POOR-LAW MEDICAL SERVICES.THE Parish of East Dereham has been constituted a Local Board

and Urban Sanitary Authority by the Local Government Board, incompliance with a resolution passed at a meeting of owners and rate-payers on March 23rd.

THE O'kehampton Board of Guardians have received a letter fromthe Local Government Board, intimating that they are prepared to in.vest the authority with urban powers for the towns of Chagford, Nu:hzlTawton, and Hatherleigh.

THE HORSHAM BOARD OF GUARDIANS.WE are requested to state that the remarks attributed to Mr. BedfGJdin the comments on the proceedings of the Horsham Board of Guardiansin last week's JOURNAL (page 41S), were not made by him. Mr. Bed-ford's position, as Clerk to the Board, precludes him from having avoice in their proceedings.

MEDICAL NEWS.APOTHECARIES' HALL.-The following gentlemen passed their c.:-

amination in the science andc practice of medicine, and received cer-tificates to practise, on Thursday, September 2Mst, 1876.

Bennett, Arthur, Stawell, Victoria, AustraliaRule. George Frederick Henry, Elgin Crescent, Notting HillTodd, Howard James McCheary, Kennington Road, LambethThe following gentleman also on Septemnber 14th and 21st passed

their primary professional examination.Clitherow. Robert Edward, King's CollegeElliott. Horace, Westminster HospitalHodge, Arthur, University College

MEDICAL VACANCIES.THF following vacancies are announced:

BELGRAVE HOSPITAL FOR CHILDREN-House-Surgeon. App'catiznion or before October zoth.

CLAYTON HOSPITAL, Wakefield-House-Surgeon. Salary, x120 per annumn,with residence, etc. Applications on or before September 30th.

HEWAHETA, Island of Ceylon-Medical Officer. Salary, 5ooo rupees per annuax.Applications to the Committee, Gonavy Deltota, Ceylon.

HULL GENERAL INFIRMARY-House-Surgeon. Salary, £xo3 per annum.Applications on or before October lst.

LEEDS PUBLIC DISPENSARY -Assistant Resident Medical Officer. Sa.atry.L8o per annum, with board, lodging, and washing. Applications en or L*esoreOctober e4th.

NORTH DEVON INFIRMARY, Barnstaple-House-Surgeon. Sal3ry, £zooper annum, with board, lodging, and attendance. Applications on or beforeOctober IOth.

ROTHERHAM HOSPITAL-Assistant House-Surgeon. Board, ldginr, andwashing. Applications to the Honorary Secretary.

ROYAL SUJRREY COUNTY HOSPITAL- House-Surgeon. Salary, £,3 perannum, and apartments. Applications on or before October 7th.

STOCKWELL SM1ALL-POX HOSPITAL - Temporary Assistant MedicalOfficer. Salary, £3 per week, with board and lodging. Applicaticns on orbefore October Eth.

SUNDERLAND INFIRMARY-Junior House-Surgeon. Salary, L6o per annum,with board and residence. Applications on or before October 21St.

TOXTETH PARK TOWNSHIP-Assistant Medical Officer for the WVorkho-usc.

MEDICAL APPOINTMENTS.Names marked svitk an aseisnlk are tkose ofMembers cf/th Association

BRowee, A. G., F.R.C.S.Ed., appointed Aural Surgeon to the London Hospital,!.vice W. Rivington, F.R.C.S.Eng., resi ed.DIXON, James D. MI.RC.S., appointed Junior House-Surgeon to the Newca'-:1--upon-Tyne Infirmary, sic" G. Mickle. B., resigned.

EMMERSON, J. B., M.R.C.S.Eng., appointed Resident Surgeon to Memorial Hos-pital, jarrow, vice W. K. Heffernan, L. K.L. C. P. 1., resigned.

HASTINGS, George, M.D., appointed Physician to the Westminster General Dn.-pensary, vice W. Domett Stone, M.D., resigned.

BIRTHS, MARRIAGES, AND DEATHS.Thes charefor inserting annoncemets of Birlhs, Marriages, and Dea4a1s

35. 6d., wkics skould be fowardedin stass evit Mhx comm icat.BIRTH.

DoLMAN.-On September s8th, the wife of A. H. Dolnian, M.R.C.S.Eng., Derby,of a daughter.

450 THE BRITISH MEDICAL 7OURNAL. (SePt. 30,1876

OPERATION DAYS AT THE HOSPITALS.

MON.DAY ...... Metropolitan Free 2 P.M.-St. Marlc'sq A.m. and 2 P.M.-RoyalLondon Ophthalmic, xi Ams.-Royal Westminster Ophthalmic,

.30 P.M.TUESDAY....Guy's, s.3o p.s.-Westminster, P.m.-ROyal London Oph-

thalmic, " .M.-Royal Westminster Ophthalmic, 1.30 P.M.-West London, 3 p.m.-National Orthopadic, £ P.m.

WEDNESDAY. .St Bartholomew-s, . 3 MP.x.-St. Mary's, z.3oP.m.-Middlesex,I P.M.-UniversityCollege, 2 P. ?L-St. Thomas's, K. 3o P. M.-Lon-don, 2 P.m.-Royal London Ophthalmic, x A.. bt.-Great Northern,2 P.M.-Samaritan Free Hospital for Women and Children, 2.30P.M.-Cancer Hospital, Brompton, 3 P.M.-King's College, 2P.M-Royal Westminster Opithalmc,c.30 P.M.

THURSDAY .... St. George's, xP.iL-Central London Ophthalmic, i P.M.-RoyalOrthopadic, 2 P.M.-Royal London Ophthalmic 1U A.M.-Hos-pital for Diseases ofthe Throat, 2 P.M.-RoyalW'estminster Oph-thalmic, z.3o P.M.-Hospital for Women, 2 P.M.-St. Thomas's(Ophthalmic Department), 3 P.M.

FRIDAY.......oyral Westminster Ophthalmic, 1.30 x.x.-Royal LondonOphithalmic, ix A.m.-Central London Ophthalmic,2P.M.-RoyalSouth London Ophthalmic, s P.M.-Guy's, 2.30 P. Me.

SATURDAY .... St. Bartholomew's, I.30 P.M.-King's College, 1.30 P.M.-Char-ing Cross, 2 P.m.-Royal London Ophthalmic, ii A.M.-EastLondon Hospital for Children, 2 P.M.-Royal Westminster Oph-thalmic, x.3o P.M.-St. Thomas's, 9.30 A.M. and 1.30 P.M.-Royal Free, 9 A.M. and 2 P.m.

MEETINGS OF SOCIETIES DURING THENEXT WEEK.

WEDNESDAY.-Obstetrical Society of London, 8 P.mi. Mr. C. Godson andDr. C. Godson, " Midwifery Statistics during upwards of Thirty-five Yearsof General Practice"; Dr. alabin, "Two Cases of Pregnancy complicatedby extensive Malignant Disease of the Cervix Uteri"; Dr. Redmond, "OnSecondary Puerperal Hzmorrhage"; Dr. Elkington, " On Inversion of theUterus"; Mr. Hickman, "On Inversion of the Uterus"; and other communi-cations.-Royal Microscopical Society, 8 P.M.

LETTERS, NOTES, AND ANSWERSTO CORRESPONDENTS.

CORRESPONDENTS not answered, are requested to look to the Notices to Corre-spondents of the following week.

AUTHORS desiring reprints oftheir articles published in the JOURNAL, are requestedto communicate beforehand with the printer, Mr. T. Richards, 37, Great QueenStreet, W.C.

PUBLIC HEALTH DRPAXTMNNT.:-We shall be much obliged to Medical Officers ofHealth ifthey twill, in forwarding their Annualand other Reports, favour us withDusiicate Cujes.

CoRusPoswnwrs, who wish notice to be taken of their communications, shouldauthenticate them with their names-of course not necessarily for publication.

WVE CANNOT UN-DERTAKE TO RETURN MIANUSCRIPTS NOT USED.COMMUNICATIONS respecting editorial matters, should be addressed to the Editor;

those concerning business matters, non-delivery of the JoutNAL, etc., should beaddressed to the General Manager, at the Office, 36, Great Queen Street, W.C.

A HEALTH-RESORT IN CORNWALL.SIR,-In the last number of the JOURNAL, I find that Padstow in Cornwall is men-

tioned favourably as a health-resort. Your local correspondent is evidentlyunaware that at the present time that town is suffering from a very severe out-break of enteric fever.-Yours truly, WARNING.September 24th, z876.*** If our correspondent will reperuse the article to which he refers, he will see

that it is not Padstow but St. Ives that is recommended as a health-resort.LUNACY AND INTEMPRRANCL

SIR,-In to-day's issue, in commenting on the Thirtieth Report of the Commis-sioners in Lunacy, you remark that '" either the influence of intemperance uponlunacy has been much exaggerated, or, judged by the lunacy returns, intemper-ance has increased more rapidly among females than among males during thepast seventeen years." That the latter conclusion is correct, nearly all the policestatistics I have been able to get at lately clearly prove. For example, in theAnnual Metropolitan Police Report for 1875. published within the last few weeks,it appears that in Islington the proportion of the sexes in the whole number of2949 drunken cases w3s X12t men to 828 women. Seventeen years ago, I do notsuppose the female drunken cases were anything near 20 per cent. of the whole;yet in Islington, in 1875, they were nearly 75 per cent. Dr. Milner Fothergill, inthe Allianwce Xeas of the 26th ult., called attention to the " terrific increase" hehas observed in the number of women frequenting public-houses; and, from myown observation on the frequent professional visits I have to pay to such estab-lishments, I can fully confirm the truth of his statement. I regret to have hadprofessional cognisance also of a constantly increasing amount of secret intem-perance amongst females in the middle and upper classes, comprising cases of sodistressing a nature as one never used even to hear of. If I am not mistaken,Dr. Alfred Carpenter and many other eminent authorities who have had ampleopportunity of arriving at the truth, have again and again called attention tV thegreat and alarming recent increase of female drunkenness in all ranks of life.-I am, sir, faithfully yours, NORMSAN KERR, MI.D.September 23rd, 1876.

CORRESPONDENTS are particularly requested by the Editor teobservethat communications relating to Advertisements, changes ofaddress,and other business matters, should be addressed to Mr. FrancisFowke, General Secretary and Manager, at the Journal Office, 36,Great Queen Street, W.C., and not to the Editor.

WATIJ-FILTZIM.SiR,-We have no intention of taking up the cudgels in favour of Dr. Thomson,who doubtless is capable of defending his own statements: neither do we desireto enter into an argument with your not over-courteous correspondent 1.E0. H.as to the name by which our filters are now so well known to the public. Weshall, however, be obliged if you will allow us a small space in your JOURNAL forreplying to the last paragraph of your correspondent's letter, in which he saysthat " the prime essential of a filter is that it should be easily cleaned, and thegreat defect of most filters is that this condition is entirely ignored". Now, it sohappens that this is the very point in connection with filtration upon which wehave always laid most stress, and if M. 0. H. had been writing in praise of theSilicated Carhon Filters, he could not have selected a more prominent featurein them for commendation.As regards sponge, sand, and charcoal filters, if any one will take the trouble to

refer to the sixth report of the Rivers Pollution Commission, he will find that thiscombination is strongly condemned, as being peculiarly liable to become a nest offilth and animalcules. The commissioners even go so far as to say, " it cannotbe too widely known that such filters are perfectly useless after the lapse of fourmonths, and in twelvemonths theyare positively deleterious". -WVe are, sir, yourstruly, THE SILICATED CARBION FILTER CO.Church Road. Battersea, September 27th, 1876.

SIR,-For about thirty years I have used a filter made in the manner I will attemptto describe: it is self-acting, simple, never Vets out of repair, and is, I believe,perfectly efficient, and requires very little attention to keep it in order. My filteris made out of a square block of porous stone, eighteen inches square, which iscut into the shape of half an egg, leaving, however, a square rim round the base,which projects sufficiently to support it in a wooden frame on which it rests. Theecgg" is hollowed, so that it resembles the half of an egg-shell, the walls being

about two inches thick. As it stands in the frame, the apex of the " egg" is ofcourse downwards. The water is put into the hollow and percolates the stone-walls, and drops from the apex on to a receiver below. Into the water is throwna little animal and vegetable charcoal, which requires to be changed from time totime, when of course the filter is cleaned, and this is all the care it needs. Thethiung is to get a suitable stone, but this an intelligent stonemason would provide.if I remember correctly, mine (complete) c.ist me about twenty or twenty-fiveshillings.-Your obedient servant, J. HYDE HOUGHTON.

Dudley, September s6th, i876.N. B. If the stone be appropriate, a large quantity of water may be filtered in

twenty-four hours.M.B. AsKs for information, through the medium of our columns, of the salary of me-

dical officers to penal establishments, and how to obtain the appointment, and towhom application should be made.

MEDICAL DEGRERS.Silt,-I beg to inform Tour correspondent B.A, M.D., who wrote upon Medical

Titles in the JOURNAL for September s6th, that the University of Cambridge doesnot require graduation in Arts prior to graduation in Medicine. I beg to referB.A.,M D. to the Caxgbrirte University Caendar, and remain, yours truly,September x9th, is76. CANTAS.

SiR,-I was very much pleased, onreading the remarks of B.A, M.D., in last week'sJOURNAL, with regard to this controversy; but I believe the only other Univer-sity (besides Dublin) which requires a degree in Arts prior to qualifying in Medi-cine is Oxford. If B.A., M.D., look at the Educational Number of the BRITISHMrDICAL JOURNAL, he will find this to be the case. I beg to inform M.R.C.S.Engr. and I.D. (Brussels) that at the examination for the M.B.Univ. Dub.,pathology is included in institutes of medicine. I was rather surprised to find thatthe licence of.the College of Surgeons of Ireland can be taken out little by little.In my day, if a person 'iled to pass the examination, on presenting himself againhe would be required to go up in all the subjects, no matter how high marks hemay have got in any particular subject previously.

It is a great pitT that M.D. (Brussels) had not come over to Ireland instead ofgoing to the Continent; he might not have found it so very easy tobe B.A., M.B.,as he imagines.-Yours truly, I.B., L.R.C.S. P.September 2oth, s876.

SIR,-In your last issue, M.D. (Brussels), No. 2, in criticising Justitia's letter, evi-dently had not carefully read it. I do not happen to have the number of the MP.-DICAL JOUXNAL which contains It at hand, but am quite sure that the Univer-sity of Brussels was not specially mentioned ; and in speaking of the residencerequired abroad, my impression is, that the words " two or three days" were notused, but in place of them " a few days", which quite agrees with the five ayswhich M.D. Brusels), No. a, himse says on the requirement.

I do not remember seeing in Justitia's letter the words in inverted commas" de-lusions and shams"; and he certainly did not cavil at foreign graduates frrsummingto call themselves Doctors of Medicine, which would be their legal title abroad,but upon their attempting to take an equal footing with those British graduateswho had expended considerable time, money, and work, in addition to the usualcourse of study of a medical man, in order to take the high position in this coun-try of Doctor of Medicine by law, as distinguished from that of Doctor of Medi-cine by courtesy only, as is the case with foreign graduates.Ai.D. (Brissels), No. a, appears to be so proud of his foreign degree, that the

wonder is that he thinks he could be benefited by the fact of registration in Eng-land.-I am, yours truly, VINoEX.September 23rd, 1876.

TREATMENT OP TINEA ToNSURANS.B.A. WOVLD feel obliged by the suggestion of efficient remedies for tinea tonsuranswhere it has attacked the hairs and hair-follicles on the head, and is too diffusedfor complete epilation. The popular remedies have been used for lengthenedperiods, and tonics of all kinds have been administered, but with little effect.

452 THE BRITISH MEDICAL _OURNAL. [Sept. 30, 1876

NOTICE TO ADVRTISnERS.-Advertisements for insertion in theBRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, should be forwarded direct to thePublishing Office, 36, Great Queen Street, W.C., addressed toMr. FoWxK, not later than TAhursday, twelve o'clock.

CHLORIDE osF LEAD AS A DEODORISEt AND) DiSiNFECT-ANT.SIR,-The letter of Chemist in the JOURNAL of Scpt. 2nd may be supposed to carry

weight with those who read your JOURNAL, but are not specially engaged in hisdepartment, especially when backed by your own approval; therefore, I doubtnot that you will allow me to answer it as shortly as possible. As an old labora-tory pupil of Professor Daniell, working with my old friend Professor hi ller inexpemments on electricity, in constant association with Wheatstone anoi Faraday,I learned to examine nature with care and self-mistrust, and to value accuracy,truth, and system, in all physical and chemical work. And, though the last thirty-five years of my life have been devoted to the practical labour of an absorbingrofcssion, I have ever purstied the study of my early life, and made it, as far ascould, applicable to medical practice. I can assure you and yotur correspon-

dent that all his objections to the use of lead have been carefully considered byme. They have been made the subjects of direct and careful experiments, and Ihave given the public the benefit oft he results, buit not till I had, during manyyears, satisfied myself that the conclusions arrived at were satisfactory and trie,and submitted them to the examination of scientific chemists of modern work Ihave no pecuniary advantage to seek, and am now beyond the time of life thatreputation is a matter of desire.Chemist asserts very authoritatively that the use of lead must be xwholly con-

demned, without giving any experiment to prove that his condemnation is any.thing more than known opinion, based upon the fact that chloride of lead is afixed indiffusible substance (which adjectives I take to be convertible terms); buthe ignores the fact, that sulphide of hydrogen is neither fixed nor indiffusib'e, buta gas obedient to physical as well as chemical laws. The mountain wotuld not gnto Mahomet, btit Afahomet went to the mountain, and so it is in the domain ofphysics: the diffusible gas can be made to go to the fixed indiffusible solution. Iassert that it will do so. The experiment is easily tried: and if the rotigh experi-ments on a large scale fail to convince him, let Chemist (who, I presume, has alaboratory and proper apparattus) take a long glass cylinder, graduated on theupper end, place a plate of glass, and dip the lower end in a pneumatic troulghwvith water, and fill the cylinder with a mixture in definite proportions of sulphideof hydrogen and air; let it stand till the gas-mixture is perfectly still ; then add asaturated solution of lead-chloride to the water in the trough. and observe therapid disappearance of the gaseous mixttire, which will be shown by the sizing ofthe water in the cylinder; asc'-rtain its measure, and he will get the quantity ofthe sulphide of hydrogen absorbed, and see whether it does not correspond to thequiantity in the mixtture. Care must be taken that the mixtutre of the gases shouldbe in perfect equilibriuim : there shotuld be no more water in the trough than isabsolutely necessary for the experiment. The water should be dravn ofT and re-p!aced by lead-chloride solution. Let Chemist try the experiment with a solutionof nitrate of lead, and lhe will find it fail ; moreover, hc would introduce lead in aform that would be dangerous, and lead to all the results he prophesics for lead-chloride. As to expense, nitrate of lead may be procured from Baiss Brothers,Jewsry Street, at sixpence a pound. Thirty grains are suifficient for any ordi-nary purpose. I dare say other wholesale chemists will supply it on the sameterms. Surely the one huindred and fifty-sixth part of sixpence is not a sium solarge as to be a consideration. Such an objection is ftitile. Chloride of lead maybh more cheaply procured for ought I know; but the objection to it so producedis, that being very insoluble, it would take a great deal of trotible to obtain a de-finite or saturated solution in the absence of heat and distilled water: it would bewasted. Chemist omits one important condition of its preparation from galena,Wvhich is, that the hydrochloric acid must be boiling. This leads me to infer thathe has never made the chloride in his own laboratory. 1 should advise him to d)so. I fail to see the logical sequience of his argument, that because tei leal-stamping mills poison the fish and human beings, and therefore lead-siliphide m!istdo so, secing that lead-sulphide has nothing to do with the matter. Lead-stampingcan have no connection with lead in the form of chloride or sulphide, except itmay be incidentally and in a very small degree, and so far would cextenuate theevil.The advantaze of the use of lead-chloride, as I have prescribed it-viz_., 6

grains of initrate of lead in twvo pints of water, and 120 grains of chloride of sodain three gallons of water, potired together and allowed to settle-is, that yotu geta definite satturated solution, easily made in town or couintry, wherevtr wauite(lcontaining no more lead than is necessary to decompose fcutid gas, not poisonois,fur it cannot pass the bowel without being converted into a stulphide. The lead-sulphide, if pture (which in my solution it would be). is perfectly insoluble, exceptin strong nitric and boiling hydrochloric acids, and reduicible onlIv at a heat ofC,oo deg. Fahr. It cannot be absorbed by aninmal or vegetable mattei, and is, not-withstanding Chemist's contradiction, as incrt as powdered charcoal. It is preci-pitated as soon as formed ; and if it escaped into the rivers, it would perhaps bewashed down by strong streams to the estuary, where it would lie as black mud.but with this advantage over the present mtid-deposits, that instead of giving offfuetid gas at low water, wvhere the sun shines upon it, it would remain fixed as thesand and shingle.Chemist shuts me tip with a quotation from Dr. Parkes; hbtt he will find that it

is quite beside the question, as I bave not touched upon the question of poison-germs. Dr. Parkes is a very high authority, and deserves every respect and con-sideration * but facts are more to be relied upon than opinions, and I have onlyto say that carbolic acid is a very disagreeable thing to smell, almost as much soas fcetid gas. Its vapour in large quantities is very poisonous. I have met sithseveral cases in practice, in which I have traced serious symptoms to its usewhich have vanished when the carbolic acid was removed. I can -ouch for aninstance in which seventeen valuable horses were poisoned ly its vapour ; andmore than one instance has occurred, not under my own observation, of its havingdestroyed whole packs of hounds. It is destructive to most vegetable and insectlife, but we have no evidence that it can be relied on to arrest contagion.My object at first was to eliminate femtid gas from the atmosphere of sick rooms

and hospital-wards. There can be no objection to dipping a towel in the clearsolution and banging it up anywhere in a room. This is done by many medicalpractitioners throughout the kingdom, and I have never beard of a failure. Sturelyit would he more wise to try so simple an experiment, and I have only to ask thiscf your readers.-I am, sir, your obedient servant,

R. H. GOOLDUW, M.D.Oxon., F.R.C.P.,late Physician to St. Thomas's Hospital and the Dreadnouzglt.United University Club, September 8th, 1876.

NOTICES of Births, Deaths, Marriages, and Appointments, intended forinsertion in the BrITISH MEDICAL JOUINAL, should arrive at theOffice not later than 10 A.M. on Thursday.

ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE-S.SIR,-It is frequently my lot, as a district visitor, to witness (as is the case with allthose engaged in this useful work) the deplorable effects of intemperance in thehomes of the working-classes. I strongly advocate total abstinence, but am toldby many that they are " not strong enough to do without beer"; and in some in-stances I have seen how the moderate drinker has become in this way the immo-derate one. I wish to know if any other drinks for a working man can be suibsti.tuted for beer or cider? Secondly, what is the quantity a healthy working manotight not to exceed as his daily allowance? Thirdly, do alcoholic drinks promoteor assist digestion ? Fourthly, is it safe for a dr;nker of alcoholic stimulants toIcave them off at once? I appeal for a professional reply to these questions, inorder that I may feel that I am arme.l with satisfactory authority.-Youirs, etc.,September x8th, 1876. A DISTRICT VISITOR.

TREATMENzT oF RESPIRATORY ArwFECTI-NnS.SIR,-I should esteem it a favour if any of your re.aders woulid kindly inform me inyour next issue, where I could obtasn informition regarding the treatment of affec-tions of the respiratorv passages by inhalation of emanations from the pine-forestsof Switzerland, etc.-Apologising for troubling, you, 1 remain, yours truly,September t876. 1IsNQISITOR.

WE are indebted to correspondents for the following periocicals, containing news,reports, and other matters of medical interest :-'he Birmingham Daily Post;The Leeds Mercury The Glasgow Hcrald; The Blanchester Cottrier: TheHull News; The astings and St. Leonard's Independent; The NottinghamaDaily Gtiardian; The Worcester Chronicle; The Isltngton Gazette: The BoltonWeekly Journal; The Brighton Examiner; The Hastings and St. Leonard'sObserver; The Metropolitan; The WVhitehall Review; The Yorkshire Post; TheBromsgrove, Droitwich, and Redditch Weekly MIessenger; The Redditch Indi-cator; The Cambrian. The Bristol Daily Times; The Southport Daily New%s:The Jewish World; The Cork Constitntion; The Broad Arrow; The AllahabadPioneer; The Sussex Daily News: The Harrogate Herald; The Dumrries andGalloway Standard; The Glasgow News; The luxton Advertiser; The WexfordConstitution; The Yarmouth Independent; The Islin-ton Gazette; The 31a-.-chester Courier; etc.

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CO1MMUNICATIONS, LETTERS, RTC., have been received from:-Dr. C. J. B. WVilliams, London; Dr. J. E. MIorgan, Manchester; Mr. G. W.Callender, London; hMr. R. H. Mleade, Bradford; Mlr. H. Burdett, Greenwich;Dr. Joseph Rogers, London; Dr. J. C. HIall, Sheffield; A. B.; Mlr. E. Brown,Llanbister; Mlr. Ceely, Aylesbury; MIr. Arthur T. H. Kerr, Preston; Mrr.Rowland Coombs, Bedford; Dr. Shettle, Reading; Dr. Syson, Huntingdon;,Dr. Uhler, 'Maryland, U.S.; Mr. Thurston, Ashford; Mr. Emmerson, Jarrow;Dr. Johnston, Bolton; MIr. Hardwicke, Rotherham; Vindex; Dr. J. MilnerFothergill, London; The Re-istrar-General of England: Mr. Alfred W. Moor:,London; Dr. G. H. Philipson, iNewoastle-upon-Tyne; Dr. Saundby, Binming-ham; Dr. Norman Kerr, London; The Registrar-General of Ireland; Dr. Edis,London; Dr. Wilkinson, London; T. L., Sheffield; L.K.Q.C.P.I.; Mlr. \V.K. Treves, Margate; Mfr. Lucas, Ncemuch, India; Dr. Wilberforce Stiith,London; The Secretary of Apothecaries' Hall; Mr. G. Eastes, London; TheSecretary of the Royal Microscopical Society; S. MI., A. MI. D.; Mir. W. H. A.Jacobson, London; Enquirer; Mr. Robert W. Ellis, Bristol; Our EdinburghCorrespondent; MI.D.; Mr. W. Dostglas Hemming, London; Dr. J, AshburtonThompson, London; Mr. J. J. Gorham, Malton; Dr. Goodchild, Warwick; AnOld Atember; M.B.; hMr. W. WV. Reeves, London; Dr. C. Chadwick, Tin-bridge Wells; Dr. Davison, London; Varning; Our Paris Correspondent;Junius; Mfr. Teevan, London: MIr. 0. Sehallert, London; Our Dublin Corre-spondent; An Associate; Dr. J. T. Arlidge, Newcastle-tinder-Lymr: M\1r. WV.Hay, Hull; The Secretary of the Obstetrical Sociely; Dr. Rabagliati, Brad-ford; Dr. Andrew Clark, London; MIr. George ield, London; Mr. G. E. C.Jackson, London; Dr. F. P. Atkinson, Kingston-on-Thames; Dr. RoderickMaclaren, Carlisle; MIr. N. A. Scott, Gloucester; Mr. Hyde Houghton, Dudley;Dr. Charles Aldridge, Plympton; MIr. Townsend, Cambridge; Dr. Bentley,King's Col'ege; Mr. Nettleship, London; Mr. Charles MIackern, London; Dr.Geprge Duncan, Lochalsh; Dr. Clouston, Edinburgh; Dr. Wiltshire, London;The Silicated Catbon Filter Co.; Dr. Egan, Dublin; B.A.; Dr. E J. Wilson,Cheltenham; Mr. H. M. MIorgan, Lichfield; Dr. F. M. Pierce, Manchester; MIr.WV. J. Brown, Newcastle-on-Tyne; Dr. Walters, Reigate; Conservative Voterand Army MIedical Sufferer; MIr. Francis Bateman, Whitchurch; Mr. DanielGibson, Hull; Inquisitor, Mlanchester; MI.B., Loughborough; MIr. Thos. Canton, Mullingar; Dr. Braidwood, Birkenhead; etc.

BOOKS, ETC., RECEIVED.

On Tracheotomy. By W. Pugin ThorDton. London: J. and A. Chuirchill. IS76.rhe Harveian Oration. By the late Edmund A. Parkes, M.D., F.R.S. Lordon:

J. and A. Churchill. 1876.Operative Surgery. By Christop!her Heath, F.R.C.S. Part iii. London; J. and

A. Churchill. 1876.Sanitary Work in the Smaller Towns and in Villages. By Charles Slagg. London:

Crosby, Lockwood, and Co. 1876.