assimilating data into ionospheric models: the real-time revolution anthony mannucci, jpl brian...
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NRO Technology Seminar July 11, 2005 Ionospheric Delay Versus Frequency 1 TECU = el/m 2 Delay = 40.3 TEC/f 2 Leading term only…TRANSCRIPT
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Assimilating Data Into Ionospheric Models: The Real-Time Revolution
Anthony Mannucci, JPLBrian Wilson, JPL George Hajj, JPL, USCLukas Mandrake, JPLXiaoqing Pi, JPL, USCChunming Wang, USCGary Rosen, USC
National Reconnaissance Office Technology SeminarJuly 11, 2005
JPL/USCGAIM
Part I
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NRO Technology Seminar July 11, 2005
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Middle Latitude(30-60 degrees)
Low Latitude(30S to 30N)
Solar Minimum
Solar Maximum
Daytime Maximum Ionospheric Delays(Vertical Incidence)
Troposphere
Density Comparison:Troposphere ~1x10-3 g/cm3
Ionosphere ~2x10-14 g/cm3
Motivation: Ionospheric Effect on GPS Signals
Iono
Tropo
GPS
Receiver
350 km
1 km
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NRO Technology Seminar July 11, 2005
Ionospheric Delay Versus Frequency
1 TECU = 1016 el/m2
Delay = 40.3 TEC/f2
Leading term only…
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NRO Technology Seminar July 11, 2005
Raypath Bending
Radio signal path depends on detailed ionospheric vertical and horizontal structure
• HF communications• Over-the-horizon radar
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NRO Technology Seminar July 11, 2005
Raypath Bending Versus Frequency
Approximate FormulaMillman and Reinsmith
Elevation Angle:
App
aren
t Ele
vatio
n C
hang
e (D
egre
es)
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NRO Technology Seminar July 11, 2005
NASA Application: Deep Space Tracking
S-band 2 GHzX-band 8 GHz
• Effect of media on tracking observables must be calibrated
• How to do it robustly and accurately?
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NRO Technology Seminar July 11, 2005
• Remove “average” delay– Climatology (physics or data-based)– Not sufficiently accurate due to “weather”
• Self-calibrate– Use dual-frequency tracking observables
• Acquire real-time measurements– Most accurate approach– Requires measurements and model that is updated
by data
Calibrating Media Effects
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NRO Technology Seminar July 11, 2005
Improving Global Delay Estimates
Iijima et al., Journal of Atmospheric and Solar-Terrestrial Physics, 1999
Ionospheric Specification and Determination Workshop, JPL 1998
Non-data driven (IRI-95)Data driven (GIM)
Global GPS Receiver Network Global Ionospheric Map
Low Solar Activity (1998)
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NRO Technology Seminar July 11, 2005
Improving Vertical Profiles
Six-satellite COSMIC constellationLaunch late 2005
Low-Earth OrbiterGPS
3000 profiles/day
ElectronDensityProfile
COSMIC coverage
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NRO Technology Seminar July 11, 2005
Latency of Electron Density Profiles
COSMIC data latency (courtesy of Chris Rocken, UCAR)
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NRO Technology Seminar July 11, 2005
USC/JPL Global Assimilative Ionosphere Model (GAIM)
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NRO Technology Seminar July 11, 2005
Ionospheric and Atmospheric Remote Sensing Group at JPL
• Global Ionospheric TEC Mapping (GIM)– First ever global TEC map (1993) – SATLOC wide-area differential GPS (1996) – real-time, regional– FAA wide-area augmentation system 1996-on– Naval Oceanographic Office: ionosphere calibrations for GEOSAT
Follow-On mission daily– By-product: provide satellite calibrations (Tgd) to GPS Project– By-product: algorithm adopted by DoD contractors
• Ionospheric data systems for R&D– Real-time/near real-time TEC products from GPS global network– GPS TEC sent to Air Force Weather Agency
• Model assessment– Ionospheric Network Analysis– Data-Driven Ionospheric Calibration Experiment (DICE)
• Model development – Global Assimilative Ionosphere Model– AFOSR/ONR-sponsored MURI 5-year development program
• C/NOFS augmentation: C/NOFS data into GAIM
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NRO Technology Seminar July 11, 2005
• AFRL Collaboration (Task manager: Bill Borer)• C/NOFS satellite: Goal is forecast of scintillation• Investigating use of GAIM for background density field
• Critical for accurate forecasts
• Input C/NOFS Datatypes:• GPS occultation• In situ density• Vector Electric fields, vertical drift velocity• Tri-band beacon (ground-LEO TEC links)
• Close collaboration• Source code transfer• Jointly-conducted analysis• Technology transfer (source code, expertise, data sets…)
C/NOFS Augmentation Effort
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NRO Technology Seminar July 11, 2005
Accurate deep-spacenavigation
Civil-aircraftnavigation/landing
Ocean topographySatellite instruments
Communications, Navigation,
Radar, Surveillance
New measurements
Applications
• Deep-space tracking
• Global-scale calibration
• Space environment
Applications of Data-Based Ionospheric Calibrations
• Scientific Research
• Regional-scale calibration
Requirements Driver Products/Obs• Line-of-sight
slant delay
• Regional TEC maps
• Error bounds
• Global TEC maps• Tracking and
sensor corrections
• GPS ground and space, in-situ, TEC beacons, sondes, UV GAIM
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NRO Technology Seminar July 11, 2005
JPL Products and Users
Global Ionosphere Maps(Vertical TEC or Delay)
Near Real-timeTotal Electron Content
Global AssimilativeIonosphere Model
Algorithms
Studies
Electron Density Profiles
FAA
Deep space navigation
GEOSATFollow-on
GPS augmentation
Wide-areaLocal-area
Ionospheric Network Analysis
DICE Data-driven iono cal expt
Hourly & 5-min TEC to
AFWA
Orbits for TDRSS etc.
Space Env Sensor Study
Space science (proposed)
Develop GAIM @
USC & JPL
CNOFSaugmentation
DoD
Products
DoD
DoD
NOAA
Navy
AFOSR/ONR