ASSIGNMENT PHOTOSHOP1. Rectangular Marquee ToolMake a rectangular selection. Hold theshiftkey down to constrain the selection to a square.

2.Elliptical Marquee ToolMake an elliptical selection. Hold theshiftkey down to constrain the selection to a circle.

3.Lasso ToolThis is a freehand selection tool. Click and hold your left mouse button on the image and draw your selection.

4. Polygonal Lasso ToolSimilar to the lasso tool, except that instead of holding your mouse button down to draw, left-click on various points to create a selection with a series of straight edges.It can also hold down the Alt key (Windows) or Option key (Mac OS) to draw freehand sections.

5. Magnetic Lasso ToolThis is a very handy tool for selecting areas which have reasonably well-defined edges. Left-click at the starting point of your selection and simply move the mouse along the edge."Fastening points" are automatically made at various points along the edges. Left-click at any time to add a fastening point manually.

6. Magic Wand ToolTheMagic Wandtool allows you to select an area of an image based on its colour. The tool is located near the top of thePhotoshop Toolbox.When you click an area in an image with the magic wand, all areas which are a similar colour are selected. You can specify various options to determine the exact selection.Using the Magic Wand Tool

Select the magic wand tool in the toolbox. In the options bar, select aTolerancevalue (0 to 255). This determines how closely to match colours - higher tolerance means a larger selection. CheckAnti-aliasedto define a smooth edge to the selection. CheckContiguousto select only areas which are joined together. CheckUse All Layersto select areas from all layers. Click the image in an area which you want to select

7. Crop ToolTheCroptool allows you to select an area of an image and discard everything outside this area. The tool is located third from the top in thePhotoshop Toolbox, on the left side.Although cropping reduces the dimensions of an image, it is not the same as resizing. Whereas resizing reduces or enlarges the entire image and everything in it, cropping does not alter the size of the image content at all.

8. Healing Brush ToolTheHealing Brushtool allows you to fix image imperfections such as scratches, blemishes, etc. By sampling the surrounding area or using a predefined pattern you can blend the imperfections into the rest of the image.The healing brush tool is located in thePhotoshop Toolbox, on the left side.

9. Spot Healing Brush ToolSelect theSpot Healing Brushfrom the Tools panel. You'll find it grouped in with the other healing tools. If one of the other tools is showing in place of the Spot Healing Brush, click on the tool and hold your mouse button down for a second or two until a small fly-out menu appears, then select the Spot Healing Brush from the menu:

10.Patch ToolThe Patch tool works like a combination of the Lasso tool and the Healing Brush tool.

11. Red Eye ToolThe Red Eye tool in Photoshop removes red eye in flash photos of people and white or green reflections in flash photos of animals

12. Clone Stamp ToolPhotoshop's clone stamp tool allows you to duplicate part of an image.The process involves setting a sampling point in the image which will be used as a reference to create a new cloned area.Select the Clone Stamp tool, then check the settings in the options bar. Make sure you have a brush size appropriate for the job. The following settings are fairly typical:

13. Background Eraser Tool

The Background Eraser can be found nested under the regular Eraser Tool in the Tools palette.With the Background Eraser selected, your mouse cursor will change into a circle with a small crosshair in the center of it:

The Background Eraser's cursor is made up of a simple circle with a crosshair in the middle.14. Magic Eraser ToolPhotoshop'seraser toolcan be found in the second group of icons in thetoolbox. It has three variations:Eraser,Background EraserandMagic Eraser.The eraser is basically a brush which erases pixels as you drag it across the image. Pixels are erased to transparency, or the background colour if the layer is locked.When you select the eraser tool, you have various options available in the toolbar:

15. Color Replacement Tool The Color Replacement Tool was first introduced in Photoshop CS, and if you're using Photoshop CS or CS2, you'll find the Color Replacement Tool nested under the Healing Brush in the Tools palette. To access it, click and hold your mouse button down on the Healing Brush until a fly-out menu appears, then select theColor Replacement Toolfrom the menu. In Photoshop CS3, Adobe changed things around a bit and moved the Color Replacement Tool in with the regular Brush Tool, so if you're using Photoshop CS3 or CS4 (which is what I'm using here), click and hold your mouse button down on the Brush Tool, then select theColor Replacement Toolfrom the fly-out menu:

16. Blur ToolSelect Photoshop'sBurn Toolfrom the Tools panel, which we're going to use to darken the paper's edges. By default, it's nested behind theDodge Tool, so click on the Dodge Tool's icon and hold your mouse button down for a second or two until a fly-out menu appears showing the other tools available in that spot, then select the Burn Tool from the list:

17. Sharpen ToolSharpening enhances the definition of edges in an image. Whether your images come from a digital camera or a scanner, most images can benefit from sharpening. When sharpening images, keep the following in mind: Sharpening cannot correct a severely blurred image. Sharpen your image on a separate layer so that you can resharpen it later if you need to change the adjustment. Set the layers blending mode to Luminosity to avoid color shifts along edges. If you find that highlights or shadows are lessened after you sharpen, use the layer blending controls to prevent sharpening in highlights and shadows.

18. Burn ToolSelect Photoshop'sBurn Toolfrom the Tools panel, which we're going to use to darken the paper's edges. By default, it's nested behind theDodge Tool, so click on the Dodge Tool's icon and hold your mouse button down for a second or two until a fly-out menu appears showing the other tools available in that spot, then select the Burn Tool from the list:

19. Sponge ToolThe sponge tool is an amazing but not a well known tool that is incredibly useful. It allows you to chose a brush to desaturate or saturate a certain area on a picture. for those of you who do not known desaturate is to take color away and to saturate is to add more color or brighten a picture.

20. Pen ToolPhotoshop provides multiple Pen tools. The standard Pen tool draws with the greatest precision; the Freeform Pen tool draws paths as if you were drawing with pencil on paper, and the magnetic pen option lets you draw a path that snaps to the edges of defined areas in your image. You can use the pen tools in conjunction with the shape tools to create complex shapes. When you use the standard Pen tool, the following options are available in the options bar: Auto Add/Delete, which lets you add an anchor point when you click a line segment or delete an anchor point when you click it.