assignment on android os

8/9/2019 Assignment on Android OS

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HISTORY OF ANDROIDAndroid Inc.founded in alo Alto!california

!united states in Octo"er #$$% "y AndyRu"in&co'founder of danger (!rich )iner&co'founder of *ild+re co))unication Inc.(!nic,sears&once - at T')o"ile(!

and Chris *hite&headed design and interfacedevelo)ent at *e" T-( to develo.


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/HAT IS ANDROID0 It is a open source software platform and operating system

for mobile devices

Based on the Linux kernel

Developed by Google and later the Open andset !lliance"O!#

!llows writing managed code in the $ava language

!ndroid has its own virtual machine i%e% D&'"Dalvik &irtual'achine#(which is used for executing the android applicatn%

Google purchased the initial developer of the software (android incorporated in )**+%


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Open Handset Alliance

,he open handset alliance"O!# is abusiness alliance of firm to developopen standard for mobile devices%

Devoted to advancing open standardsfor mobile devices

Develop technologies that willsignificantly lower the cost of developingand distributing mobile devices andservices%


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Open Handset Alliance (OHA) included

several companies


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Android 1.1 (Battenberg)In -eb )**.( version /%/

Android 1.5 (Cupcake)

Launched in !pril )**.

Android 1.6 (Donut)-released in sept )**.Android 2.0 \ 2.1 (clair)-released in )0 October )**.Android 2.2 (Froyo)released in the summer of )*/*

Android 2.3 (Gingerbread)Gingerbread landed by the end of )*/*

Android 3.0 (oneyco!b)-or the first time Google released a software that was totally

focused on tablets% ,his version( released in )*//

Android ".0 (#ce $rea! %and&ic' ".0)released in )*/)Android ".1 (elly bean".1) released in )*/1

Android 1.0 (Angel $ae),he first version of the open source software was released back in )**2

!3D4OID &546IO3


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1co)ing Android-ersion

ANDROID 2.$ 34Y5I64 I4

ANDROID 7.7 3IT3AT

/ill "e Released

octo"er #$8%


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5IN1; 34RN45

The architecture is based on the Linux2.6 kernel. This layer is core of android architecture. It providesservice like power management, memory management,security etc.It helps in software or hardware binding for bettercommunication.


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NATI-4 5I


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Android Run Ti)e

The Android Runtime was designed specifically forAndroid to meet the needs of running in an embedded

environment where you have limited battery, limitedmemory, limited CPU.

Dalvik is the process virtual machine in Google'sandroid operating system. It is the software that runs theapps on android devices. Dalvik is thus an integral partof android ,which is typically used on mobile devicessuch as mobile phones and tablet computers.Programs are commonly written in java and compiled to

byte code.


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Android Run Ti)e

This is in blue, meaning that it's written inthe Java programming language.

The core library contains all of the collectionclasses, utilities, IO, all the utilities and toolsthat youve come to expected to use.


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Application Framework

This is all written in a Java programming language and

the application framework is the toolkit that allapplications use.These applications include the ones that come with aphone like the home applications, or the phoneapplication.It includes applications written by Google, and itincludes apps that will be written by you.So, all apps use the same framework and the same

APIs.


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Contd=These are as follo*s:'

Activity manager:-It )anages the lifecycle of alications. Itena"le roer )anage)ent of all the activities. All the activitiesare controlled "y activity )anager.

Resource manager:-It rovides access to non'code resourcessuch as grahics etc.

Notication manager:-It ena"les all alications to dislaycusto) alerts in status "ar.

!ocation manager:- It +res alerts *hen user enters or leaves aseci+ed geograhical location.

"ac#age manager:-It is use to retrieve the data a"out installed

ac,ages on device. $indo% manager:-It is use to create vie*s and layouts.

Telep&ony manager:-It is use to handle settings of net*or,connection and all infor)ation a"out services on device.


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APPLICATION LAYER

the final layer on top is Applications.

It includes the home application the contactsapplication , the browser, and apps.

It is the most upper layer in android architecture.

All the applications like camera, Google maps,browser,sms,calendars,contacts are native applications.These applications works with end user with the help ofapplication framework to operate.


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Security

Android is a multi-process system, in which each

application (and parts of the system) runs in its ownprocess. Most security between applications and the

system is enforced at the process level through

standard Linux facilities, such as user and group !s

that are assigned to applications.


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Contd..Android is designed having )ulti layer security *hich rovides >e?i"ility

for this latfor). /hen attac,ers atte)t attac, on device! androidlatfor) hel to reduce the orta"ility of the attac,.

There are ,ey co)onents of android security *hich are descri"ed asfollo*s:

Design revie*:'*hen a security )odel is designed then it *ill "e revie*ed"y the develoers so that ris, level *ill "e very less *hile using the )odel.

Code revie* and enetrating testing:'the goal of this code revie* is that in*hich it *ill "e chec,ed that ho* the syste) *ill "eco)e strong0

Oen source and co))unity revie*:'android uses oen sourcetechnologies that have signi+cant e?ternal revie* such as 5inu? ,ernel.

Incident resonse:'android tea) ena"les the raid )itigation ofvulnera"ilities to ensure that otential ris,s to all android users are)ini)i@ed.


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F4AT1R4S OF ANDROID


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The ability for anyone to customize the Google AndroidplatformIt gives you better notification.It lets you choose your hardware.It has better app market(1,80,000 application)

A more mature platformWith the support of many applications, the user canchange the screen display.With Google chrome you can open many window at

once. 6upports all Google services; !ndroid operating systemsupports all of Google services ranging from Gmail to Google

reader% all Google services can you have with one operating

system( namely !ndroid%

!D&!3,!G56


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DIS'AD-ANTA4SAndroid 6ar,et is less control of the )anager!

so)eti)es there are )al*are.

/asteful


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CONCLUSION

We hope that the next versions

of Android have overcome the actuallimitations and that the future possibilities

became a reality and may this software isalso developed to use in PCs also.


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References8. Maker, F., Chan, Y., A Survey on Android vs.

Linux, University of California, 2!

2. Lian", Syste# $nte"ration for the Android%&eratin" Syste#, 'ational (ai&eiUniversity,2)

*. Android +iki&edia, 2))

!. Linux +iki&edia, 2))


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THANK YOU


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A,shita varshney

assignment on android os

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