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ASSIGNMENT MASTER An Android App.

A PROJECT REPORT

Submitted by

SANDEEP SHARMA

VIPUL DAWAR

PRATIK BAGARIA

in partial fulfillment for the minor project

of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

in

Computer Science Engineering

Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Technology, PSP Area

Sector-22, Rohini, New Delhi-110085GGSIP UNIVERSITY

NEW DELHI

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GGSIPU

BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE

CertificateThis is to certify that report entitled ASSIGNMENT MASTERwhich is submitted by Sandeep Sharma (1161482708), VipulDawar (1211482708) and Pratik Bagaria (1231482708) inpartial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degreeB.Tech in Computer Science & Engineering to GGSIP University,Kashmere Gate, Delhi is a record of the candidate own workcarried out by them under my supervision. The matter embodiedin this thesis is original and has not been submitted for the awardof any other degree.

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

Prof. Suresh Chander Mr. Saurabh Rastogi

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT GUIDE NMAE

(Assistant Professor)

Department of Computer Science Department of Computer Science

Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Technology Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Technology

Sector -22 , Rohini Sector -22 , Rohini

Delhi Delhi

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DECLARATION

This is to certify that Thesis/Report entitled ASSIGNMENT

MASTERwhich is submitted by me in partical fulfillment of the

requirement for the award of degree B.Tech. in Computer science &

Engineering to GGSIP University, Kashmere Gate, Delhi comprises

only my original work and due acknowledgement has been made in

the text to all other material used and to my respective guide.

Date: Sandeep Sharma

(1161482708)

Vipul Dawar

(1211482708)

Pratik Bagaria

(1231482708)

SIGNATURE SIGNATURE

Prof. Suresh Chander Mr. Saurabh Rastogi

HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT GUIDE NMAE

(Assistant Professor)

Department of Computer Science Department of Computer Science

Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Technology Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Technology

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Sector -22 , Rohini Sector -22 , Rohini

Delhi Delhi

TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER NO. TITLE PAGE NO.

ABSTRACT 7

LIST OF FIGURES 8

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 9

1. INTRODUCTION 10

1.1 OVERVIEW OF ANDROID 11

1.1.1 Android Architecture 11

1.1.2 Application Framework 12

1.1.3 Android Runtime 13

1.2 The Dalvik Virtual Machine 151.3 Development Tools 15

2. PROBLEM DEFINITION 17

3. HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS 18

4. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS 19

4.1 Java Development Kit 1.6 (JDK 1.6) 19

4.2Eclipse IDE 20

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5. PROJECT MODULES 21

5.1 MODULE 1 22

5.2MODULE 2 24

5.3 MODULE 3 26

5.3.1 SQLiteOpenHelper 26

5.3.2 Inserting data into the database 27

5.3.3 Updating data in the database 27

5.3.4 Deleting data from the database 27

6. PROJECT OUTPUT 29

6.1 Assignment Master Starts First time with NO TASKS ADDED 29

6.2 Adding Assignment and Tasks to ASSIGNMENT MASTER 30

6.3 Writing ASSIGNMENT in Textbox 29

6.4 Press ADD TASK to add assignment to view list. 30

6.5 TASK added to view list. 30

6.6 Safe Cancelling. 31

6.7 Safe Cancelling Prompt. 31

6.8 Many Tasks added with few Completed Task marked by

Tick Mark and using scroll bar to manage many Tasks. 32

6.9 Removing Completed Task. 33

6.10 View list state after removing completed task left

with uncompleted tasks. 33

6.11 Press STOP in DDMS to kill Assignment Master. 33

6.12 Restarting the ASSIGNMENT MASTER APPLICATION. 34

6.13 Tasks are consistent in Application as left before kill process,

shows Tasks are stored and retrieved in SQLite Database . 34

7. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK 36

APPENDIX 1

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Android components 37

APPENDIX 2

Environment Installations and Emulator Set up 38

APPENDIX 3

Emulator set up 41

REFERENCES 44

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ABSTRACT

One of the important drivers in getting things done is to have a good list manager

or what we call in common terms, Assignment Master. The role of this manager is

as a repository for the activities that you want to do and probably check it off once

done. Assignment Master need not be on a computer. In fact, you can use your

Mobile Phone as a Assignment Master and it works as well as any hi-tech gadget.

If someone wants to remember some activities to get it done at a later point of

time, then one has two choices. One, write it down on a piece of paper (or in a

computer) or keep it in your mind. If you decide to use the latter, the chances of

you remembering the task depends on certain chemical compositions in your mind.

One needs a place where the activities can be written down or keyed in. It shouldbe on a reliable substrate that can be depended upon. Keeping activities listed on a

Gadgets (Mobile)is perhaps the most popular and the simplest way to manage.

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LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NO. FIGURE NAME PAGE

1.1 Architecture of Android OS 12

1.2 Conversion from .java to .dex file 14

1.3 Android Execution Environment 14

5.1 View Layout 235.2 Add TASK View 23

5.3 Safe Cancelling 24

5.4 Add List View 25

6.1,2..13 Project Output Figures 41

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS

S.NO ABBREVATION EXPANSION

1 SDK Software Development Kit

2 API Application Program Interface

3 AWT Abstract Window Toolkit

4 JVM Java Virtual Machine

5 JDK Java Development Kit

6 JRE Java Runtime Environment

7 DDMS Dalvik Debug Monitor Service

8 IDE Integrated Development Environment

9 DBMS Data Base Management System

10 SQL Structured Query Language

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CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Assignment Master is an Android Application for Android Mobile Devices which

could cater the needs of the users to maintain a note of their Tasks to be

accomplished. . The role of this manager is as a repository for the activities that

you want to do and probably check it off once done.

The Assignment Master is a to-do list app for Android. It has an easy user interface

that allows users to view tasks, edit existing tasks, and add new things to do. As

you complete an item on the list, simply check it off and continue on to the next

one.

The Assignment Master was developed by using Java Programming Language

over the Android Framework including features like:

Dalvik virtual machine optimized for mobile devices

SQLite : - a powerful and lightweight relational database engine is

available to the applications

Rich development environment including a device emulator, tools for

debugging, memory and performance profiling, and a plugin for the

Eclipse IDE

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1.1 OVERVIEW OF ANDROID

Android is a software stack for mobile devices that includes an operating system,

middleware and key applications. Android is a software platform and operating

system for mobile devices based on the Linux operating system and developed by

Google and the Open Handset Alliance. It allows developers to write managed

code in a Java-like language that utilizes Google-developed Java libraries, but does

not support programs developed in native code.

The unveiling of the Android platform on 5 November 2007 was announced with

the founding of the Open Handset Alliance, a consortium of 34 hardware, software

and telecom companies devoted to advancing open standards for mobile devices.

When released in 2008, most of the Android platform will be made available under

the Apache free-software and open-source license.

1.1.1 Android Architecture

The following diagram shows the major components of Android

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Figure 1.1: Architecture of Android OS

1.1.3 Application Framework

Developers have full access to the same framework APIs used by the core

applications. The application architecture is designed to simplify the reuse of

components; any application can publish its capabilities and any other application

may then make use of those capabilities (subject to security constraints enforced by

the framework). This same mechanism allows components to be replaced by the

user.Underlying all applications is a set of services and systems, including:

A rich and extensible set of Views that can be used to build an application,

including lists, grids, text boxes, buttons, and even an embeddable web

browser

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Content Providers that enable applications to access data from other

applications (such as Contacts), or to share their own data

A Resource Manager, providing access to non-code resources such as

localized strings, graphics, and lat files

A Notification Manager that enables all applications to display custom alerts

in the status bar

An Activity Manager that manages the life cycle of applications and

provides a common navigation backstack

1.1.4 Android Runtime

Android includes a set of core libraries that provides most of the functionality

available in the core libraries of the Java programming language. Every Android

application runs in its own process, with its own instance of the Dalvik virtual

machine. Dalvik has been written so that a device can run multiple VMs

efficiently. The Dalvik VM executes files in the Dalvik Executable (.dex) format

which is optimized for minimal memory footprint. The VM is register-based, and

runs classes compiled by a Java language compiler that have been transformed into

the .dex format by the included "dx" tool. The Dalvik VM relies on the Linux

kernel for underlying functionality such as threading and low-level memory

management.

At the same level there is Android Runtime, where the main component Dalvik

Virtual Machine is located. It was designed specifically for Android running in

limited environment, where the limited battery, CPU, memory and data storage are

the main issues. Android gives an integrated tool dx, which converts generated

byte code from .jar to .dex file, after this byte code becomes much more efficient

to run on the small processors.

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Figure 1.2: Conversion from .java to .dex file

As the result, it is possible to have multiple instances of Dalvik virtual machine

running on the single device at the same time. The Core libraries are written in

Java language and contains of the collection classes, the utilities, IO and other

tools.

Figure 1.3: Android Execution Environment

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1.2 The Dalvik Virtual Machine

The Dalvik virtual machine is an interpreter only machine optimized for use on

low powered, low memory devices like phones. Notably, Dalvik does not make use

of just in time (JIT) Compilation to improve the performance of an application at

runtime. Furthermore, Dalvik is not a Java virtual machine. This is because Dalvik

is unable to read Java bytecode34, instead it uses its own bytecode format called

dex. Google claims this format allows battery power to be better-conserved at all

different stages of execution of an application. This means that standard Java SE

applications and libraries cannot be used directly on the Android Dalvik virtual

machine.

Dalvik however stands at the center of the Android value proposition. Its low

electrical power consumption, rich libraries, and unified, non-fragmented

application programming interfaces make it stand out, or so Google hopes, over the

fragmented ecosystem that is Java ME35 today.

Furthermore, since Dalvik uses the Java programming language but not the Java

execution environment (JVM), Google is free to develop Android without the need

to license or obtain certification from Sun Microsystems Inc, the legal owner of the

Java trademark and brands.

1.3 Development Tools

The Android SDK includes a variety of custom tools that help develop mobile

applications on the Android platform. The most important of these are the Android

Emulator and the Android Development Tools plugin for Eclipse, but the SDK also

includes a variety of other tools for debugging, packaging, and installing

applications on the emulator.

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Android Emulator

A virtual mobile device that runs on computer use the emulator to design, debug,

and test applications in an actual Android run-time environment.

Android Development Tools Plugin for the Eclipse IDE

The ADT plugin adds powerful extensions to the Eclipse integrated environment,

making creating and debugging Android applications easier and faster. If we use

Eclipse, the ADT plugin gives an incredible boost in developing Android

applications:

It gives access to other Android development tools from inside the Eclipse

IDE. For example, ADT lets access the many capabilities of the DDMS tool

taking screenshots, managing port-forwarding, setting breakpoints, and viewing

thread and process information directly from Eclipse.

It provides a New Project Wizard, which helps quickly create and set up all of

the basic filesll need for a new Android application.

It automates and simplifies the process of building Android application.

It provides an Android code editor that helps write valid XML for Android

manifest and resource files.

Dalvik Debug Monitor Service (ddms)

Integrated with Dalvik, the Android platform's custom VM, this tool lets manage

processes on an emulator or device and assists in debugging. We can use it to kill

processes, select a specific process to debug, generate trace data, view heap and

thread information, take screenshots of the emulator or device, and more.

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CHAPTER 2

PROBLEM DEFINITION

We are required to build an android mobile application which will manage

the Task of user.You can add, edit or delete any task, from the app,which are

saved in the SD Memory Card. The Persistence is achieved through SQLite

Database.

It implements different views and Activities for each and every implementation.

The Tasks can be marked as completed and later can be deleted based on

completion.

The Application can be saved in the Memory Card of your mobile device and can

be test on emulators.

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CHAPTER 3

HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

This application will run on devices with following specifications:

OS: Android OS, v1.6 (Donut), upgradable

Processor: 528 MHz ARM 11 processor, Adreno 130 GPU, Qualcomm

MSM7201A chipset

Memory: internal: 192 MB RAM, 256 MB ROM

Card Slot: MicroSD

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CHAPTER 4

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

4.1 Java Development Kit 1.6 (JDK 1.6)

The JDK is a development environment for building applications, applets, and

components using the Java programming language.The JDK includes tools useful

for developing and testing programs written in the Java programming language and

running on the Java

platform.JDK contents

The JDK has as its primary components a collection of programming tools,

including:

java the loader for Java applications. This tool is an interpreter and can

interpret the class files generated by the javac compiler. Now a single

launcher is used for both development and deployment. The old deployment

launcher, jre, no longer comes with Sun JDK, and instead it has been

replaced by this new java loader.

javac the compiler, which converts source code into Java bytecode

appletviewer this tool can be used to run and debug Java applets without a

web browser

javadoc the documentation generator, which automatically generates

documentation from source codecomments

jar the archiver, which packages related class libraries into a single JAR

file. This tool also helps manage JAR files.

The JDK also comes with a complete Java Runtime Environment, usually called

a private runtime, due to the fact that it is separated from the "regular" JRE and has

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extra contents. It consists of a Java Virtual Machine and all of the class libraries

present in the production environment, as well as additional libraries only useful to

developers.

4.2.1 Eclipse IDE

Eclipse is a multi-language software development environment comprising an

integrated development environment (IDE) and an extensible plug-insystem. It is

written mostly in Java and can be used to develop applications in Java and, by

means of various plug-ins, other programming languages including Ada, C, C++,

COBOL, Perl, PHP, Python, R, Ruby (including Ruby on Rails framework), Scala,

Clojure, Groovy and Scheme. It can also be used to develop packages for the

software Mathematica. The IDE is often called Eclipse ADT (Ada Development

Toolkit) for Ada, Eclipse CDT for C/C++, Eclipse JDT for Java, and Eclipse PDT

for PHP.

The initial codebase originated from VisualAge.[1] In its default form it is meant

for Java developers, consisting of the Java Development Tools (JDT). Users can

extend its abilities by installing plug-ins written for the Eclipse software

framework, such as development toolkits for other programming languages, and

can write and contribute their own plug-in modules.

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CHAPTER 5

PROJECT MODULES

Module 1: Build Assignment Manager App.

Layout and Build a Add Task Activity.

Displaying a list of tasks.

Implement Safe Cancelling.

Module 2: Create a Task List.

Creating a List of Tasks.

Showing the Tasks.

Completing Tasks.

Removing Completed Tasks.

Module 3: Adding Persistence.

Adding Persistence to our Application using SQLite.

Adding and loading of tasks to and from the database.

Removing Completed tasks from Database.

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5.1MODULE 1

Layouts

Module -1 briefly explains about the different types of layouts i.e Linear Layout

and Relative Layout. The major pain point in using Relative layout is that, the

controls should be specified in the order in which they are referenced and not in the

order in which they will be displayed.

EditText control

EditText control is an editable control which can be used to get user input. It is

similar to the HTML textbox or the Java Swing JTextField.

Sharing data between views

An application can have multiple activities (views) and to share data between these

multiple activities, the android framework provides a class called Application. This

Application class can be accessed from all the activities of the app by calling

the getApplication() of the Activity class.

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Figure 5.2:Add TASK View

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Figure 5.1:View Layout
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Safe cancelling

This explains about how to listen to text changes and make sure the user is not

moving away from the activity when there are

unsaved work.You can check the cancel()

method in addTaskActivity class, where we will

be showing an alert box (see screenshot) using the

built in AlertDialog, whenever the user clicks the

cancel button without saving the task that he Figure 5.3:Safe Cancelling

has entered.

5.2MODULE 2

ListView and ListAdapter

ListView is a control which can be used for creating list of scrollable items. The

data to the ListView will be provided by ListAdapter.You can think of ListView as

the view component in a MVC framework and ListAdapter as the model

The class which is going to act as the ListAdapater should implement following

methods

getCount()

getItem()

getItemId()

getView()

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Adding ListView

To add ListView to any activity, we have to include the tag to the

activitys layout xml.The Activity class that uses ListView should implement

the ListActivity instead of plain Activityclass. The ViewTasksActivity class is

derived from the ListActivity class.

Magic ids

Android SDK provides some predefined ids which can be used some specific

purposes. One such magic id is android: empty.We can assign this to any

element that we want to be displayed when the List View is empty.

Figure 5.4:Add List View

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5.3MODULE 3

Android has a bundled SQLite database and your app can store and retrieveinformation by creating a new database. The database that is created by an

application is available only to that application and no other application can access

it.

5.3.1 SQLiteOpenHelper

Android SDK provides a class called SQLiteOpenHelper which can be used for

interfacing with this SQLite database that is associated with your application.

SQLiteOpenHelper has two methods which can be used for creating/updating the

database. They are the following.

onCreate

The onCreate() method gets called when the app gets installed for the first time.

The SQL code to create the database should go in this method. In addition to the

SQL code we should also specify a version number for the database which will be

used subsequently during upgrades.

onUpgrade

The onUpgrade() method gets called when the app is upgraded or if the version

number specified in the app is greater than the one which is present in the database.

Typically this function contains Alter table SQL code which will be used to

upgrade the database.In addition to the above two methods, the SQLiteOpenHelper

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also has other methods which can be used to access the database. One such method

is getWritableDatabase()

getWritableDatabase

The getWritableDatabase() method will return a SQLiteDatabase object which has

reference to the database.In addition to these methods, the SQLiteOpenHelper

class other methods but the above there are the notable ones. To selected data from

the database, we have to call the query() method on the SQLiteDatabase object

which is returned by the getWritableDatabase() method above.The query() method

returns an object of type Cursor, which can be iterated over to retrieve the

resultset.

5.3.2 Inserting data into the database

In order to insert the data into the database we have to call the insert() method of

the SQLiteDatabase. The data that needs to be inserted should be added to a

ContextValues object and then passed to the insert() method.

The ContextValues object is like a HashMap which contains the key and the value

for each column of the row that will be inserted.

insert() method returns the id of the row that was inserted.

5.3.3 Updating data in the database

To update data in the database we have to call the update() method of the

SQLiteDatabase object. Like the insert() method, the data that needs to be updated

should be passed in a ContextValues object.

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5.3.4 Deleting data from the database

To delete data from the database we have to call the delete() method of the

SQLiteDatabase objet. The delete() method takes the where condition based on

which the rows will be deleted.

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CHAPTER 6

PROJECT OUTPUT

6.1 Assignment Master Starts First time with NO TASKS ADDED

Figure 6.1:

6.2 Adding Assignment and Tasks to ASSIGNMENT MASTER

Figure 6.2

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6.3 Writing ASSIGNMENT in TextBOX

Figure 6.3

6.4 Press ADD TASK to add assignment to view list.

Figure 6.4

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6.5 TASK added to view list.

Figure 6.5

6.6 Safe Cancelling.

Figure 6.6

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6.7 Safe Cancelling Prompt.

Figure 6.7

6.8 Many Tasks added with few Completed Task marked by Tick Mark and using

scroll bar to manage many Tasks.

Figure 6.8

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6.9 Removing Completed Task.

Figure 6.9

6.10 View list state after removing completed task left with uncompleted tasks.

Figure 6.10

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6.11 Press STOP in DDMS to kill Assignment Master.

Figure 6.11

6.12 Restarting the ASSIGNMENT MASTER APPLICATION.

Figure 6.12

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6.13 Tasks are consistent in Application as left before kill process, shows Tasks are stored

and retrieved in SQLite Database .

Figure 6.13

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CHAPTER 7

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK

CONCLUSION

An approach is designed to save all the Assignments and Tasks of the users

to a medium which is high tech (gadgets) that is equally easy to interact and

manage. With ease portability of mobile phones, every person can use the app.

The manager is as a repository for the activities that you want to do and probably

check it off once done. The Application is portable to any Android Platform Above

1.6, with ease of installation and operation. The Application at same time is GUI

based and cost effective.

FUTURE WORK

Some of the future enhancement works that we focus at are:

Adding Location and Maps.

Adding a Location to a Task.

Displaying a Map View.

Searching for an Address on the Map.

Adding Location Awareness.

Displaying the Location of the Task.

Adding the Device's Current Location to the Map.

Displaying the Current Location on the Task List.

Filtering the Tasks by Location.

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APPENDIX-1

Android components

An Android application consists out of the following parts:

Activity - represents the presentation layer of an Android application, e.g. a

screen which the user sees. An Android application can have several

activities and it can be switched between them during runtime of the

application.

Views - the User interface of Activities is built with widget classes whichinherent fromandroid.view.View. The layout of the views is managed

by android.view.ViewGroups. Views often have attributes which can be

used to change their appearance and behavior.

Services - perform background tasks without providing an UI. They can

notify the user via the notification framework in Android.

ContentProvider - provides data to applications, via a content provider your

application can share data with other applications. Android contains a

SQLite DB which can serve as data provider

Intents - are asynchronous messages which allow the application to request

functionality from other services or activities. An application can call

directly a service or activity (explicit intent) or ask the Android system for

registered services and applications for an intent (implicit intents).

BroadcastReceiver - receives system messages and implicit intents, can be

used to react to changed conditions in the system. An application can

register as a BroadcastReceiver for certain events and can be started if such

an event occurs.

Widgets - interactive components primary used on the Android homescreen

to display certain data and to allow the user to have quick access the

information.

.

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APPENDIX-2

.

2.1. Eclipse and automatic Android SDK

Use the Eclipse update manager to install all available components for the Android

Development Tools (ADT) from the URL https://dl-

ssl.google.com/android/eclipse/[7].

After the new Android development components are installed you will be

prompted to install the Android SDK. You can do follow the following wizard orgo to the next section to learn how to do it manually.

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2.2. Manually install Android SDK

The previous step downloads the Android SDK automatically for you. You can

also download the Android SDK manually from the Android homepage

under Android SDK download. The download contains a zip file which you can

extract to any place in your file system, e.g. I placed it under "c:\android-sdk-

windows". Avoid using spaces in the path name otherwise you may experience

problems later.

You also have to define the location of the Android SDK in the Eclipse

Preferences. In Eclipse open the Preferences dialog via Windows Preferences .

Select Android and enter the installation path of the Android SDK.

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2.3. Install a specific Android version

The Android SDK Manager allows you to install specific versions of Android.

Select Window Android SDK Manager from the Eclipse menu.

The dialog allows you to install new package and also allow you to delete them.

Select "Available packages" and open the "Third Party Add-ons".

Press the "Install" button and confirm the license for all package. After the

installation restart Eclipse.

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APPENDIX-3

3. Emulator Shortcuts

3.1. Create an Android Emulator Device

The Android tools include an emulator. This emulator behaves like a real Android

device in most cases and allows you to test your application without having a real

device. You can emulate one or several devices with different configurations. Each

configuration is defined via an "Android Virtual Device" (AVD).

To define an AVD open the "AVD Manager" via Windows AVD Manager andpress "New".

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Enter the following.

We can also select the box "Enabled" for Snapshots. This will make the secondstart of the virtual device much faster.

At the end press the button "Create AVD".This will create the device and display it

under the "Virtual devices". To test if your setup is correct, select your device and

press "Start".

After (a long time) your device should be started.

3.2. Using the emulator

Obviously you can use the emulator via the keyboard on the right side of the

emulator. But there are also some nice shortcuts which are useful.

Alt+Enter maximizes the emulator. Nice for demos.Ctrl+F11 changes the

orientation of the emulator.F8 turns network on / off.

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REFERENCES

[1] http://developer.android.com/ - Android Developers official webpage

[2] http://www.openhandsetalliance.com/ - Open Handset Alliance webpage

[3] http://code.google.com/android/ - Google Android official webpage

[4] http://www.openhandsetalliance.com/ - Open Handset Alliance webpage

[5] http://googleblog.blogspot.com/ - Official Google Blog

[6] https://dl-ssl.google.com/android/eclipse/ - Android sdk download.

[7] http://www.vogella.de/articles/Android/article.html - Environment Setup
http://developer.android.com/https://dl-ssl.google.com/android/eclipse/http://www.vogella.de/articles/Android/article.htmlhttp://developer.android.com/https://dl-ssl.google.com/android/eclipse/http://www.vogella.de/articles/Android/article.html

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