1. A jet of water impinges on a plate at an angle of α considering that friction between the fluid and the plate is negligible; derive an expression for the distribution of flow in the two directions parallel to the plate.

A jet of water, cross-sectional area 20 cm2, issue with a velocity of 25m/s and strikes a stationary plate held at 300 to the axis of the jet. Find the force exerted by the jet on the plate, and workout the component of force in the direction normal to the jet.

2. Establish the ratio of forces exerted by a water jet when it is made to strike: (i) A stationary flat plate held normal to it, (ii) a flat plate moving in the direction of jet at one-third the velocity of jet, (iii) a series of flat plates mounted on the wheel and moving at one-third the velocity of jet.

3. A jet of water having a velocity of 45 m/s impinges without shock on a series of vanes moving at 15 m/s. The direction of motion of the vane is inclined at 20 o to that of a jet, the relative velocity at outlet is 0.9 of that at inlet, and the absolute velocity of water at exit is to be normal to the motion of vanes. Find (i) vane angles at entrance and exit, (ii) vane angles at entrance and exit, (iii) hydraulic efficiency.

4. Point out the significance of word “free” in the subject of impact of free jets.

5. A jet of water, 10 cm diameter & having a velocity of 15 m/s impinges at the centre of hemispherical vane. The linear velocity of the vane is 5 m/s in the direction of jet. Find the force exerted on the vane. How this force would change if the jet impinges on series of vanes attached to the circumference of a wheel.

6. A jet of water moving at 12 m/s impinges on a concave-shaped vane to deflect the jet through 120o when stationary. If the vane is moving at 5 m/s, find the angle of jet so that there is no shock at inlet. Also, compute the absolute velocity of the jet at exit in both magnitude and direction, and the work done per second per kg of water. Assume that the vane is smooth.

7. What is significance of Euler’s fundamental equation for fluid machines?8. Why if the jet deflected by the buckets between 160o to 165o instead of 180o?9. Show that when a jet of water strikes on a series of curved vanes maximum

efficiency is obtained when the vane is semi circular in section & the velocity of the vane is half of the jet.

10. What importance has the ratio?..m = (mean diameter of pelton wheel) / (Least diameter of jet)