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THE COUNTRY AND THE CITY 1609-1825“If you imagine ordinary moment in an

intersection in New York city and there is a pause at a street light some people are steeped and others in motion some cars are stop and others in motion , if you would put to a film and a freeze frame and hold everything for a second . You’d realize that there is universe their of totally despaired intention everybody going that his or her business in the silence of their own minds with everybody else and the street and the time of the day and architecture the quality of lights the nature of weather has gone background or field for the individual consciousness in the drama it is making it itself if you think about it That’s what happens in the city and that somehow the city kind of imbrues and accept and accommodate all that despaired imitation at one and same time not only in one corner but in thousand corners.” (E. L. Doctorow)

THE COUNTRY AND THE CITY 1609-1825• On September 2nd, 1609; an English explorer

hired by Dutch to find a faster rout to north Atlantic.

• Henry Hudson he pushed a hundred miles upstream hoping it let to china.

• Instead he found something even better, he found one the natural and biggest harbor.

• Hudson was one the first one who realized the man potential of the harbor.

• He knew that one day that area is going to be one the most famous and a good place that a lot people would live all in a single place.

• When New York was founded London and Paris were 500 years old.

• Caleb Car; whatever happens in New York it happens ten years later in the country.

• Most of the first Dutch colonies were not Dutch, but French speaking Belgium Huguenots.

• 110 man and woman from 30 different families landed in place what they called it Manhattan after an Indian word hoping to make a good and new life a new place.

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THE COUNTRY AND THE CITY 1609-1825• In winter 1643, they tried to tax the local

Indians, which lunch a war.

• There was thousands of Indians and Dutch, men and women who died; that year was called the year of blood.

• After two decades that the colony was founded, it started to fall apart.

• New Amsterdam became like a dog city as far as not having any law and being manageable.

• In spring 1647, a new director; 37 years old, ex-soldor who lost his right leg.

• Willem Kieft shock the place up in less than five years.

• 18 languages were spoken.

• In 1654, 23 Jews came to the harbor.

• In September 12, 1654, the first Russia service was held private in New Amsterdam.

• 1654 was the beginning of separation of church and state in America.

ORDER AND DISORDER, 1825-1865• In 1825, fewer than 170,000 people

lived in Manhattan, and 11,000 lived in Brooklyn.

• New York was a rural area with no police force, fire department or public transportation.

• The opening of the Erie Canal in October 1825 caused commercial activity to explode. New factories, offices, and workshops were built, soon resulting in the first district in the world devoted completely to commerce.

• New York became the biggest industrial city in the United States.

• The city began to represent everything that was American.

ORDER AND DISORDER, 1825-1865• In 1875, it became apparent that the

grid system didn’t provide enough park space for New York.

• The city purchased a sparsely populated tract of land north of town, and evicted the blacks and Irish living there.

• Frederick Law Olmsted and Calvert Vaux won the design contest to create Central Park.

• The park was to be a place where people of all classes and backgrounds could be.

• However, only a few citizens could afford the trip to Central Park, and rules against walking on the grass, group picnics and strenuous activities barred many from visiting this paradise.

ORDER AND DISORDER, 1825-1865• Irish immigrant opposition to the Civil

War was strong.

• The Irish had long competed with the blacks for jobs and housing, so they didn’t want to fight the blacks’ freedom.

• On July 11, 1863, 1,200 New York citizens were drafted.

• Two days later, an enormous mob of Irish immigrants attacked the draft office and militia men.

• They looted the homes and orphanages of blacks and burned them down.

• Three days later, the military finally returned from Gettysburg and stopped the riots.

• At least 119 citizens were killed.

A MERGER THAT PUTS NEW YORK ON TOP• BERKELEY The real issue at stake in America Online's

decision to buy Time Warner is not the triumph of the new media over the old. Instead, it's whether New York, the unrivaled capital of the old American national industrial economy, will dominate the new American global information economy.

• The regional struggle underway is not unprecedented. Over the course of U.S. history, New York has faced a series of challenges to its status as the national metropole.

• the key to the city's success was its leaders' ability to envision the future path of the national economy and develop strategies to use New York's advantages to ensure it was in a position to dominate that economy.

• In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the discovery of electricity and the invention of the telephone, motion pictures, wireless radio and television solidified New York's economic hegemony.

• One of New York's most remarkable qualities has been its ability to capture economic gains from commercial developments that began in other regions.

• Walt Disney Co. bought Capitol Cities/ABC in 1995, it marked a major reversal in the relationship between the West and the East.

Corporate and regional leaders in the West have yet to develop the kinds of grand strategic visions that inspired Time-Life founder Henry R. Luce--the man whom both Case and Levin, with their emphasis on the broader, global social importance of their proposed company, seem to be emulating--to imagine the 20th century as "the American century."

THE GREAT TRANSATLANTIC MIGRATIONS

• Between 1870 and 1914 the united states, which had always been a nation of immigrants took in the largest number of newcomers in the history.

• 23 million foreigners arrived to the states.

• In the century before 1924, five and half million foreigners went to Argentina and four and half million went to Canada.

• By 1914, one out of every three persons in Argentina was foreign born, compared to one of six in the United States at the pick of foreign influences.

• Europeans came to the New World for many reasons, and they scattered for far-flung places.

THE GREAT TRANSATLANTIC MIGRATIONS• Most immigrants were not

political or religious refugees but jobseekers, and transatlantic migration was simply the extension of an old practice of traveling within Europe in search of economic opportunity.

• For every immigrants coming to the Americas, at least one retuned, either unable to find satisfactory work or else bringing earning home to sustain the family to invest in land or a business.

• Immigration to the U.S. shared these features with movement to other New World nations.

• What made the U.S. different was the sheer volume of immigration into the country and the diversity of its sources.

• From the early nineteenth century to World War II.

THE GREAT TRANSATLANTIC MIGRATIONS

• The U.S. received over three-fifths off all the immigrants Europe sent overseas.

• The ability to absorb so many foreigners without major social disruptions testified to availability of land here and to the phenomenal growth of the American economy.

• Ethics variety helped in the long run both to spend the assimilation of immigrants and to create a new idea of what it meant to be American.