assessment of recent air quality plans and measures in madrid€¦ · assessment of recent air...

Assessment of recent air quality plans

and measures in Madrid

27 November 2019. Bratislava



Rafael Borge, PhDTECNAIRE-CM and AIRTEC-CM

scientific coordinator

Laboratory of Environmental Modelling.

Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering

ETSI Industriales. Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM)

[email protected]

November 27, 2019

Water Research Institute (Bratislava)

Towards Clean Air in Cities

UNECE Expert Panel on Clean Air in Cities, the Slovak Ministry of Environment and

the European Urban Agenda Partnership on Air Quality




•Urban pollution is an extremely complex multi-scale phenomena

•Plans and measures are usually driven by exceedances (e.g. NO2 in Madrid) and developed by

local administration (e.g. Madrid city hall)




•Overview of recent initiatives in Madrid

•Assessment based on local inventory + mesoscale modelling system

(WRF 3.7.1+BEP, SMOKE 3.6.5, CMAQ 5.0.2 (CB05, aero6)

Emissions in Madrid city

(Madrid City Council, 2016)

+




[NO2] anual mean (µg∙m-3) [PM2.5] anual mean (µg∙m-3) GHG emissions (Mt CO2-eq∙yr-1)

Road traffic

(53.3%)

(74.7% of

local

sources)

Regional

(23.6%)

RCI (5.9%)

LTO

Barajas

(2.7%)

Others (9.8%)

Industry

(0.3%)

National (4.4%)

Others

(11.9%)

RCI (2.3%)

LTO

Barajas

(0.1%)

Industry

(0.04 %)

Road traffic

(34.6%)

(74.4% of

local sources)

Regional

(16.0%)

National

(32.9%)

International

Others

(16.1%)

Air

transport

(5.3%)Industry (2.5%)

RCI (18.8%)

Road traffic

(18.1%)

Indirect

emissions

(39.9%)

•Air quality and GHG emissions overview




• Meet the EU legislation for NO2 as well as the WHO air quality guidelines for particulate matter

(PM10 y PM2.5) by 2020

• 40% GHG emissions abatement (as CO2-equivalent) by 2030 (relative to 1990 emissions)

•Air quality climate change

and air quality local strategy

•30 measures within 4 action

programs (most of them

related to sustainable

mobility)

https://www.madrid.es/UnidadesDescentralizadas/Sostenibilidad/CalidadAire/Ficheros/PlanAire&CC_Eng.pdf

• Local Air Quality and Climate

Change Strategy 2016-2020

(Plan A)




• NO2 annual mean (annual limit value for the protection of human health)

NO2 (μg/m3)

40 - 50

35 - 40

30 - 35

25 - 30

20 - 25

15 - 20

10 - 15

8 - 10

6 - 8

4 - 6

2 - 4

0 - 2BASE 2020

Traffic

Urban background

Suburban

Traffic

Urban background

Suburban




• PM2.5 annual mean (annual limit value for the protection of human health)

PM2.5 (μg/m3)

BASE 2020

20 - 25

16 - 20

12 - 16

10 - 12

9 - 10

7 - 8

6 - 7

5 - 6

4 - 5

3 - 4

2 - 3

1 - 2

0 - 1

Traffic

Urban background

Suburban

Traffic

Urban background

Suburban




• Summary

• Urban background ambient concentration levels reduced by 25%, 10% and 13% respectively;

slightly higher reductions on traffic locations

PM2.5

PM10

NO2

• 19.5% NOX emission reduction; 27.1% PM2.5 emission reduction; 2.5% CO2-equiv emission

reduction (most of them from traffic)




• Effect of individual measures very hard to assess

• Approximate ranking (NO2):

3. Clean technologies for the urban delivery sector

2. Parking

management

1. Traffic restrictions + fleet renewal




•Madrid Central is

one of those

measures

•472 ha low emission

zone in Madrid

downtown




•Unprecedented public (and political) impact




NO2 urban background

-8.9% inside MC

-4.2% around MC (inside M30)

+2.1% outside M30

X 3.3!

Total emissions within MC

VKT passenger cars

-4.4%




• Additional measures: short-term action plan (NO2 protocol)

- Stage 1: 70 km/h speed limitation in M30

ringroad

- Stage 2: stage 1 + no parking inside (9 AM - 9

PM)

- Stage 3: stage 2 + access restrictions to the

city centre for private cars (even/odd plate

numbers –except low emission technologies

according DGT scheme-) (6:30 AM - 9 PM)




•Typically associated to high atmospheric stability

episodes (e.g. Christmas 2016)

NO2

PM10

Madrid city (Spain), December 2016

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.323




•The protocol may help not to exceed hourly limit values (differences up to 14%)

•Only drastic reductions (stage 3) have a relevant effect (restricted to the area of

application)

•Emission reductions up to 29% within M30




•What’s next?




[email protected]

Towards Clean Air in Cities

UNECE Expert Panel on Clean Air in Cities, the Slovak Ministry of Environment and

the European Urban Agenda Partnership on Air Quality

Thank you for your attention!

Questions?

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