assessment and contract planning
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Assessment and Contract Planning. Chapter 7. LEARNING OBJECTIVES. Understand the appraisal in assessing client system needs and building a contractual relationship for intervention and service delivery Develop problem-solving skills to mobilize client system strengths and resource capabilities - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Assessment and Contract Planning
Chapter 7
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LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Understand the appraisal in assessing client system needs and building a contractual relationship for intervention and service delivery
Develop problem-solving skills to mobilize client system strengths and resource capabilities
Develop skills for transforming client system problems into needs and measurable goals and objectives
Develop skills for negotiating and prioritizing goals and intervention options
Develop skills for establishing a contract and creating a structure for monitoring and evaluating proposed interventions
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Assessment Assessment is not a health diagnosis
although it can include a health related diagnosis.
It includes the critical appraisal of the person-in-environment psychosocial functioning and configuration.
It is inherently linked to empirical data collection for identified problems, needs, and goals.
It includes the client system strengths, assets, and resource gathering and problem-solving capacities
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Assessment
Melts and molds the respective expertise of the social worker and the client system into a collaborative decision making and contract planning process.
It considers options for interventions for different goals.
It culminates in a contract that identifies who is going to do what, when, for what purpose, and how.
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Assessment Statement
This statement forms the basis for intervention or referral
Main goal is to identify both the problem and the cause of the problem. In doing so:
1. Consider the nature of the problem itself
2. Explore the details of the problem, its triggers and effects on client system
3. Assess the strengths and needs of the client system with the problem
4. Determine the potential for change given the client systems environment and available resources
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What do you think are some of the main presenting problems in
social work practice?
How about…
Job stress, unemployment, depression, anxiety, relational difficulties, grief and loss, physical and mental illness and disability,
substance abuse, homelessness, teen pregnancy, juvenile delinquency
How How confidentconfident are you in your are you in your ability to identify the ability to identify the main main presenting problempresenting problem of a of a
prospective client? prospective client?
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Words to the Wise about Problems• Target problems are client acknowledged
problems• The client must explicitly agree that a
concern is his or her problem to be solved. – “My kids are in foster care. I want them
back.” – “I'm tired of feeling terrible about myself.” – “My mom bugs me.”
– OWNERSHIP
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Problem Awareness
Try the following problem self-assessment survey
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The definition of a problem‘A problem is an obstacle which makes it difficult to achieve a desired goal, objective
or purpose’ • It refers to a situation, condition, or issue
that is yet unresolved. • Often we sense that there is a problem, but
are unable to articulate, pinpoint, or solve the problem– This is where the aid of another person comes in
handy– As a social worker you act as an aid
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Assessment Statement
________________ has ___________________
(Who) (What Problem)
(With what level of need)
because _______________________________
(Explain Why)
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Problem: Recent eviction and lack of consistent housing
Need: Emergency housing for mother and two small children
Sample Assessment Statement:Mrs. B. is a 27 year-old Latino woman with a problem of not being able to maintain housing for herself and her two small children. She was recently evicted for the third time. She has been unemployed since the birth of her first child 4 years ago, and has basically lived in an apartment financed by the father of her first child.
She has a conflicted relationship with this man and has never been married. At present, she has no contact with this man. She has off-on relationship with the father of her second child, who has provided for her and the children during the past year. He has alcohol problems and recently lost his job. Mrs. B and her children were evicted for lack of rent payment.
Mrs. B has completed her GED and has acquired basic office training skills. She is interested in finding work but has no means for childcare. She and her 2nd child’s father are interested in living together as a family but his alcohol difficulties have interfered in their relationship.
Mrs. B is highly motivated to secure stable housing for herself and her children but is uncertain how to deal with personal relationship she has with her 2nd child’s father……..
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Problem Prioritization
After the client's problems are identified, they are ranked in order of
importance to the client.
This ranking is usually the basis for deciding in which order the target
problems will be addressed.
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Problem Prioritization
Problem: Recent housing eviction
Lack of consistent housing
Current Needs:
1. Emergency housing for mother and two small
children
2. Stability in living conditions
3. Employment and Income means for mother
4. Childcare means for young children
5. Relationship clarity with 2nd child’s father
6. Child’s father’s need for sobriety
7. Child’s father’s need for employment
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Change Potential• It is recommended to select a target problem
with a high potential for resolution or need satisfaction
• In doing so ask the following questions: – What is the change potential of the problem itself, the
persons involved, and the related environment?– What strengths, assets, and resources are available to
facilitate and support the change?
• Estimate the potential for change using a scale of 0-10– 0 = no potential for change– 10 = Maximum potential for change
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You can also have client assess change potential themselves
• On a scale from 1 to 10, with 10 meaning you have every confidence that the problem will be solved and 1 means no confidence at all, where would you put yourself today?
No Confidence Every Confidence
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You can use the following statement to formulate an assessment of the potential for change
The change potential for __________________
problem/need of ________________________
is assessed as _________________________
because ______________________________
(whose)
(what problem)
(high, somewhat high, medium, somewhat low, or low)
(reasons: nature of problem, motivation, capacity, resources and restraints in
environment)
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Never underestimate…
…the utility of assessing STRENGTHS
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Class Activity
List some popular and common words used to
describe
PERSONAL STRENGTHS
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Additional Strength Words
Seek first to understand
who you are so you can be
clear to
others--
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Remember…Clients Have Strengths Too
• According to Saleeby, almost anything can be considered a strength under certain circumstances. This includes:– What people have learned about themselves and
others– Personal qualities, traits, and virtues– What people know about the world around them– Talents people have– Cultural and personal stories and lore– Pride– The community – Spirituality
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The Search For Strengths
• Occurs by:– Asking
Questions– Seeking
responses – Listening
Actively
Person Situation Issue
Competencies
Social Support
Successes
Life Lessons
• Should occur only after client problems and/or have been explored and discussed
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Strengths Related Assessment Questions• Survival questions:
– How have you managed to overcome/ survive the challenges that you have faced? “What have you learned about yourself and your world during those struggles?”
• Support questions: – Who are the people that you can rely on? Who has made
you feel understood, supported, or encouraged? • Exception questions:
– “When things were going well in life, what was different?” • Possibility questions:
– What are your hopes for your future, or the future of your family?
• Esteem questions: – What makes you proud about yourself? What positive
things do people say about you?
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Goal Setting
You want to improve _______?
You want to increase _______?
You want to decrease_______?
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Goals have multiple functions…
Provide direction and continuity for the work
Provide means for client and social worker to agree about outcomes to be achieved
Facilitate selection of intervention strategies
Facilitate monitoring progress
Serve as outcome criteria
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Goal Setting: A Plan of Action• Collaborate with the client to:
– Develop well-formed, realistic goals• My daughter would be home again
– Described in specific, concrete, behavioral terms• I need to contact my daughter’s case worker and talk
to here about parenting classes– Described in familial terms and expressed as the
“start of something” instead of the “end of something”
• What will your daughter say when she learns how hard you are working to bring her home?
– Help improve the lives of those in client’s environment and social life
• How will your parents feel once your daughter is home?
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Criteria for Well Defined Goals
Goal Goal Attainment Measure
1. In client’s Language “Meet all the requirements of probation by June 10, 2004”
"Get done with my p.o.”
2. Worded Positively “Not use drugs or alcohol.”
“Will continue doing activities that support a drug and alcohol free lifestyle.”
3. In the here and now “Will stay clean.” “Will”
4. Specificity “I will avoid or learn to cope with high risk situations”
“I will drive my own car to any gathering where I feel that alcohol or drugs will be present, so I may leave if I feel I may use.”
5. In the client’s control “My probation officer will leave me alone.”
“I will have done everything I can to get my p.o. to leave me alone.”
6. In process form “I’ll just quit.” “I will be spending more time playing guitar and finding a job.”
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Sample Client Worksheet
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Goal Attainment
Goal Attainment Scaling ScaleKiresuk & Sherman, 1968
This is a practical scale and one that you
could adopt, in some form, in your
professional practice.
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Goal-Attainment Scale
1. Most unfavorable
results.
2. Less than expected
success.
3. Expected level
of success.
4. More than expected
success.
5. Most favorable
outcome.
Goal 1 Goal 2 Goal 3 Goal 4 Goal 5
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Contract Planning
Translating prioritized goals into purposively designed and
sequenced action tasks with specific time frames for
completion
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Key Ingredients
• Who…• Will do what…• To what extent…• Under what conditions…• By when? • The 5WH
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Contracting
Create Structure in the Contract Plan:
1. Date the problem that has been identified2. Specify the problem and need to be addressed3. Specify goals for each problem4. Specify objectives or tasks for each goal5. Identify person carrying out tasks6. Outline a time frame for accomplishments7. Set up review process mechanism to monitor
goal accomplishments 8. Document the contract with signatures and
copies of the document
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Contracted Plan for Prioritized Problems
Date Identified
Problem/Need
Goal Task Contract Date Anticipated
Date Accomplished
Text page 255
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Rating Scale for Assessment and Contract Planning Process
Not Addressed
Begun Addressing
Adequately Addressing
Addressed
0 1 2 3
Assessment statement for problems, needs, issues, barriers, strengths, assets and resources
Assessment of change potential for each
Prioritization of problems, needs, barriers for urgency, and change potential
Contracting with time frames
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Sample Assessment Forms
• Comprehensive Adult Client Assessment– http://hums.uaa.alaska.edu/Client_Assessment.pdf
• Comprehensive Child Assessment Form– http://mindihigginskessler.com/forms/
ChildIntakeForm.pdfField Practice Student
• Field Practice Client Assessment Form– http://andromeda.rutgers.edu/~bswrun/Client_ASS
ESSMENT_FORM_040204.doc
• Family Centered Assessment Guidebook– http://www.hunter.cuny.edu/socwork/nrcfcpp/down
loads/tools/family_centered_assessment_guidebook.pdf