assessing vulnerability of fisheries in the philippines to
TRANSCRIPT
Assessing vulnerability of fisheries in the Philippines to Climate Change Impacts Tool for Understanding Resilience of Fisheries (VA-TURF)
Remelyn I de Ramos The Marine Science Institute
University of the Philippines Diliman Email rideramosmsiupdeduph
1
SEARCA Agricultural Development Seminar Series 10 March 2015
o Introduction o Climate Change
o Impacts of Climate Change to Fisheries
o Significance of the study o Philippines as a vulnerable country
o Status of Coral Reefs and Fisheries
o Tool for Understanding Resilience of Fisheries (VA-TURF)
o Case study
o Summary
OUTLINE
2
INTRODUCTION
CLIMATE CHANGE
Storm Surge
Global Warming
Acidification
Typhoons
Image credits wwwstormsurgenoaagov| wwwpmelnoaagov| wwwnasagov| wwwscienceblogscom 3
INTRODUCTION
CLIMATE CHANGE
-any significant change in the measures of climate lasting for an extended period of time
-temperature
-precipitation
-wind patterns
Global Warming -recent and ongoing rise in global average temperature caused mostly by increase in concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere -only represents one aspect of climate change
Source US Environmental Protection Agency 4
INTRODUCTION
Source Harley CDG et al(2006) The impacts of climate change in coastal marine systems Ecology Letters 9228-241 | IPCC Climate Change 2014 Synthesis Report
Climate Change Hazards bull uarr Air Temperature bull uarr Sea Surface
Temperature bull Sea Level Rise bull Change in amount
and pattern of rainfall bull Wave energy
5
INTRODUCTION
bull Global average SST increased
ndash Pacific Ocean increased by 031degC from 1950-2009a
ndash Philippines increased by 064degC from 1951-2010b
Source Huang et al (2014) The Climate Data Guide SST data NOAA Extended Reconstruction SSTs Version 3 (ERSSTv3amp3b)| wwwcoralreefwatchnoaagov |a Hoegh-Guldberg et el 2014 The Ocean| b wwwpagasadostgovph
Sea Surface Temperature (SST)
6
INTRODUCTION
Type of change Climatic variable
Impacts Potential Impacts to Fisheries
Fish stocks High SST Change in physiology and sex ratios of fished species Altered timing of spawning migrations andor peak abundance Increased invasive species diseases and algal blooms
Changes in timing and levels of productivity across marine and freshwater systems Reduced production of target species
Source AllisonEH et al (2009) Vulnerability of national economies to the impacts of climate change on fisheries Fish and Fisheries DOI 101111j1467-2979200800310x
IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE TO FISHERIES
7
INTRODUCTION
bull CO2 uptake has decreased ocean pH ndash Implications on biology
of organisms (reproduction growth neural functions etc) and ecosystem processes (reef building primary productivity etc)
Ocean Acidification Decrease in ocean pH
Source IPCC 4th Assessment Report Climate Change 2007| Hoegh-Guldberg et al (2014) 8
INTRODUCTION
Ocean Acidification Decrease in ocean pH
Source IPCC 4th Assessment Report Climate Change 2007| Hoegh-Guldberg et al (2014) 9
INTRODUCTION
bull Global annual land mean precipitation showed small but upward trend over the century ~ 11 mm per decade a
bull In Philippines increasing trend in frequency and intensity of extreme rainfall observed b
Change in frequency and intensity of rainfall
Source a IPCC 4th Assessment Report Climate Change 2007| b wwwpagasadostgovph Image credit IPCC 4th Assessment Report 2007
10
INTRODUCTION
IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE TO FISHERIES
11
Nearshore habitats (Corals seagrass mangroves)
Individual-level response to environmental conditions (food availability temperature etc)
Reduced catch Disappearance of fish
Low income for fishers
Timing of reproduction recruitment Shift in distribution Growth and survival
Reproductive success low Change in species composition
Reduced protection of coasts Coasts more exposed to
wave
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
CLIMATE CHANGE
PEOPLE MARINE
ECOSYSTEM
12 Image credits wwwkomusincom |wwwmotor-kidcom |wwwfoundmyselfcom
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
PHILIPPINES A VERY VULNERABLE COUNTRY
Image credit KreftS and EcksteinD (2014) Global Climate Risk Index 2014 Who Suffers Most from Extreme Weather Events Weather- Related Loss Events in 2012 and 1993 to 2012
13
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Photo credit C Villanoy| Slide courtesy of HOA 14
Map of typhoon frequency in the Philippines
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
PHILIPPINES A VERY VULNERABLE COUNTRY
15 Source Burke LK et al (2011) Reefs at Risk Revisited Washington DC USA World Resources Institute
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
STATUS OF PHILIPPINE CORAL REEFS
16
Figure 3 Philippine map and its biogeographic regions (brown lines Alintildeo and Gomez 1994) showing the color coded hard coral cover data that were surveyed from 2008 to 2014 in 73 municipalities Typhoon paths Blue arrow for Typhoon Washi (Sendong) Red arrow for Typhoon Bopha (Pablo) and Green arrow for Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda)
Source Alintildeo PM et al (2014)Status of Philippine Coral Reefs 2014 (in press)| Burke et al(2011) Reefs at Risk Revisited
Threats to Coral Reefs bull Overfishing bull Destructive Fishing bull Pollution bull Sedimentation bull Coastal Development
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
bull Nearly 60 of the population is dependent on fisheries
bull Fishers are the poorest of the poor sector a
bull Fish stocks in major fishing grounds in the Philippines have been reduced to less than 10 of 1950s level b
bull Average catch rate of Filipino fisherfolks is less than frac12 of what they catch in 1970sc
STATUS OF PHILIPPINE FISHERIES
Sources aCastroLV (2006) Poverty Statistics for the Basic Sector bGreen SJ et al (2003) Philippine Fisheries in Crisis A Framework for Management cMuallil et al (2014)
17
TOOL FOR UNDERSTANDING RESILIENCE OF FISHERIES (VA-TURF)
18
OBJECTIVES
bull To identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull To demonstrate how to link vulnerability assessment results to climate change adaptation
bull To draft action plans towards reducing vulnerability
19
VA-TURF
VA-TURF
20
VA-TURF FEATURES
bull Target end-users Local stakeholders
bull Spatial scale Fishing village or barangay
bull Climate Change hazards considered Waves and storm surge SST
Required data is accessible or easily generated
Analysis (Scoring and ranking) is simple devoid of complicated mathematical equations
Assessment is participatory
Assists in decision-making for the local adaptation strategies
21
VA-TURF FRAMEWORK
22
exposure sensitivity
potential
impact
adaptive
capacity
vulnerability
The extent to which a
regionresource community
experiences changes in climate The degree to which a
system is affected
byresponsive to
climate changes
The ability to
moderate
potential harm
take advantage of
opportunities or
cope with
consequences of
exposure
Sources in OECD 2006
All impacts that may occur
given a projected change in
climate without
considering adaptation
The extent to which a natural system or human society is unable to
cope with the negative impacts of climate change variability and
extremes
Slide courtesy of P Marshall GRMPA Sources in OECD 2006
VA-TURF
23
FRAMEWORK
Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393
Fisheries
Reef Ecosystem
Socioeconomic
VA-TURF
24
FRAMEWORK
Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393
VA-TURF
25
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
26
David Borja Villanoy Hilario Alino 2012 for submission Climatic Change
Wave (Relative Exposure Index)
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
bull Input data
ndash Gridded bathymetry
ndash Digital coastline
ndash Wind data
bull Calculated using WEMo (Wave Exposure Model) (httpwwwccfhrnoaagovstressorswemo)
27
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
28 Source Villanoy CL et al (2013) Chapter 3 Exposure Waves and storm surges In Vulnerability Assessment Tools for Coastal Ecosystem A Guidebook MERF Quezon City
SENSITIVITY
29
VA-TURF FISHERIES
30
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Dominant catches Pelagics (tuna mackerel etc)
Mix of demersal and pelagic species
Demersal species (eg grouper)
Catch rate gt8 kgfisherday 3 to 8 kgfisherday
lt3 kgfisherday
Gear habitat dependence
Mostly mobile gears (eg drift gill nets)
Presence of both types
Habitat-associated gears (eg fixed on seagrass beds)
VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM
31
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Wave-tolerant species relative to total abundance
Pectoral-swimming fishes (labrids scarids acanthurids) greater than 50
Mix of site-attached and mobile fish species 15-50 pectoral swimming fish
Abundant site-attached butteflyfish angelfish damselfish lt15 pectoral swimming fish
Density of coral dependent fish species (Butterflyfish)
lt5 of the total density
5 to 10 of the total density
gt10 of the total density
Coral cover gt50 coral cover 25 to 50 coral cover
lt25 coral cover
VA-TURF SOCIO-ECONOMIC
32
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Population density lt200 individualskm2
(not crowded sparsely distributed)
200 to 400 individualskm2 (moderately crowded)
gt400 individualskm2 (very crowded)
Fisheries ecosystem dependency
lt15 of total population are fishers
15 to 30 of total population are fishers
gt30 of total population are fishers
ADAPTIVE CAPACITY
33
VA-TURF FISHERIES
34
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Habitat size( fishing grounds)
Small (relative to the waters)
Intermediate size Large
Average sizeamount of catch
Mostly small immature fishes
Abundance of small but with few large fishes
Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)
Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries
Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)
Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence
Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence
Change in catch composition
Considerable changes in the last two decades
Few changes in the last two decades
No change in catch composition
VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM
35
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)
Small reef areas fragmented
Intermediate size of areas
Large reef areas
Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)
Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats
One habitat is of poor quality or very far
Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions
VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC
36
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Annual per capita income from fisheries
Below the provincial poverty threshold
Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Fishers with other sources of income
lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood
40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income
gt60 of fishers have other sources of income
Total amount of all income
Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold
Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Computation for Potential Impact (PI)
Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo
(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
From exposure (E) model 1 3
2 4 Use S and E to derive
VA-TURF
37
Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)
Add the scores of the components of
ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in
ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1
2
PI score (from previous
slide)
3
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
4 Use AC and PI to derive
VA-TURF
Reference to derive
ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2
Reference to derive
ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3
1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories
(ldquoRankrdquo)
VA-TURF
Computation for Overall Vulnerability
H M L
VA-TURF
41
NEXT STEPS
ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)
VA-TURF
42
NEXT STEPS
REDUCE Sensitivity amp
Exposure (POTENTIAL
IMPACT)
INCREASE Adaptive Capacity
REDUCE Vulnerability
High Medium
Medium Low
Low Not Vulnerable
INCREASE Resilience
VA-TURF
43
bull Reducing fishing mortality
bull Enhancing stock recovery
bull Sustainable fisheries use
bull Threat reduction on ecosystems
bull Organizing fisher communities
bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity
bull EAFM development with equitability
bull Diversifying livelihood options
Alintildeo et al 2012
ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
44
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
45
NEXT STEPS
Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
47
Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism
Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming
bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors
(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)
CASE STUDY
48
WAVE EXPOSURE
CASE STUDY
49
Fisheries
Reef ecosystem
Socio- economic
Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries
Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats
High population density
VA-TURF
50
ACTIONS
How does the action
reduce vulnerabil
ity (darrPIuarrAC)
UR
GEN
CY
What is needed for implementation
CA
PAC
ITY
Are there
potential negative impacts
(YN)
What is the value added to
address CC concerns
List benefits
eg ecological
socio-economic
Soci
o-
eco
no
mic
Eco
logi
cal
Go
vern
ance
Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)
uarrAC 3
Establish Marine Park coordinates
Establish Marine Park coordinates
3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats
Socio-economic ecological
Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)
darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side
Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance
3 N Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human)
Regulate water sports (island)
darrPI 3
Assess areas where water sports exist
Review for legal basis for zonation
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning
Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat
Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Sustainable fisheries
Stricter implementation
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards
Protect lives livelihood
Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)
uarrAC darrPI 2
Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)
2 Y Natural buffers to erosion
Protection against erosion
51
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
52
POST VA ACTIVITIES
Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone
Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin
Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay
Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay
Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod
SUMMARY
53
bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries
bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation
bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area
SUMMARY
54
bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries
bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact
55
CLIMATE CHANGE
We can do something about it will
56
Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters
Thank you
Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph
o Introduction o Climate Change
o Impacts of Climate Change to Fisheries
o Significance of the study o Philippines as a vulnerable country
o Status of Coral Reefs and Fisheries
o Tool for Understanding Resilience of Fisheries (VA-TURF)
o Case study
o Summary
OUTLINE
2
INTRODUCTION
CLIMATE CHANGE
Storm Surge
Global Warming
Acidification
Typhoons
Image credits wwwstormsurgenoaagov| wwwpmelnoaagov| wwwnasagov| wwwscienceblogscom 3
INTRODUCTION
CLIMATE CHANGE
-any significant change in the measures of climate lasting for an extended period of time
-temperature
-precipitation
-wind patterns
Global Warming -recent and ongoing rise in global average temperature caused mostly by increase in concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere -only represents one aspect of climate change
Source US Environmental Protection Agency 4
INTRODUCTION
Source Harley CDG et al(2006) The impacts of climate change in coastal marine systems Ecology Letters 9228-241 | IPCC Climate Change 2014 Synthesis Report
Climate Change Hazards bull uarr Air Temperature bull uarr Sea Surface
Temperature bull Sea Level Rise bull Change in amount
and pattern of rainfall bull Wave energy
5
INTRODUCTION
bull Global average SST increased
ndash Pacific Ocean increased by 031degC from 1950-2009a
ndash Philippines increased by 064degC from 1951-2010b
Source Huang et al (2014) The Climate Data Guide SST data NOAA Extended Reconstruction SSTs Version 3 (ERSSTv3amp3b)| wwwcoralreefwatchnoaagov |a Hoegh-Guldberg et el 2014 The Ocean| b wwwpagasadostgovph
Sea Surface Temperature (SST)
6
INTRODUCTION
Type of change Climatic variable
Impacts Potential Impacts to Fisheries
Fish stocks High SST Change in physiology and sex ratios of fished species Altered timing of spawning migrations andor peak abundance Increased invasive species diseases and algal blooms
Changes in timing and levels of productivity across marine and freshwater systems Reduced production of target species
Source AllisonEH et al (2009) Vulnerability of national economies to the impacts of climate change on fisheries Fish and Fisheries DOI 101111j1467-2979200800310x
IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE TO FISHERIES
7
INTRODUCTION
bull CO2 uptake has decreased ocean pH ndash Implications on biology
of organisms (reproduction growth neural functions etc) and ecosystem processes (reef building primary productivity etc)
Ocean Acidification Decrease in ocean pH
Source IPCC 4th Assessment Report Climate Change 2007| Hoegh-Guldberg et al (2014) 8
INTRODUCTION
Ocean Acidification Decrease in ocean pH
Source IPCC 4th Assessment Report Climate Change 2007| Hoegh-Guldberg et al (2014) 9
INTRODUCTION
bull Global annual land mean precipitation showed small but upward trend over the century ~ 11 mm per decade a
bull In Philippines increasing trend in frequency and intensity of extreme rainfall observed b
Change in frequency and intensity of rainfall
Source a IPCC 4th Assessment Report Climate Change 2007| b wwwpagasadostgovph Image credit IPCC 4th Assessment Report 2007
10
INTRODUCTION
IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE TO FISHERIES
11
Nearshore habitats (Corals seagrass mangroves)
Individual-level response to environmental conditions (food availability temperature etc)
Reduced catch Disappearance of fish
Low income for fishers
Timing of reproduction recruitment Shift in distribution Growth and survival
Reproductive success low Change in species composition
Reduced protection of coasts Coasts more exposed to
wave
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
CLIMATE CHANGE
PEOPLE MARINE
ECOSYSTEM
12 Image credits wwwkomusincom |wwwmotor-kidcom |wwwfoundmyselfcom
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
PHILIPPINES A VERY VULNERABLE COUNTRY
Image credit KreftS and EcksteinD (2014) Global Climate Risk Index 2014 Who Suffers Most from Extreme Weather Events Weather- Related Loss Events in 2012 and 1993 to 2012
13
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Photo credit C Villanoy| Slide courtesy of HOA 14
Map of typhoon frequency in the Philippines
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
PHILIPPINES A VERY VULNERABLE COUNTRY
15 Source Burke LK et al (2011) Reefs at Risk Revisited Washington DC USA World Resources Institute
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
STATUS OF PHILIPPINE CORAL REEFS
16
Figure 3 Philippine map and its biogeographic regions (brown lines Alintildeo and Gomez 1994) showing the color coded hard coral cover data that were surveyed from 2008 to 2014 in 73 municipalities Typhoon paths Blue arrow for Typhoon Washi (Sendong) Red arrow for Typhoon Bopha (Pablo) and Green arrow for Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda)
Source Alintildeo PM et al (2014)Status of Philippine Coral Reefs 2014 (in press)| Burke et al(2011) Reefs at Risk Revisited
Threats to Coral Reefs bull Overfishing bull Destructive Fishing bull Pollution bull Sedimentation bull Coastal Development
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
bull Nearly 60 of the population is dependent on fisheries
bull Fishers are the poorest of the poor sector a
bull Fish stocks in major fishing grounds in the Philippines have been reduced to less than 10 of 1950s level b
bull Average catch rate of Filipino fisherfolks is less than frac12 of what they catch in 1970sc
STATUS OF PHILIPPINE FISHERIES
Sources aCastroLV (2006) Poverty Statistics for the Basic Sector bGreen SJ et al (2003) Philippine Fisheries in Crisis A Framework for Management cMuallil et al (2014)
17
TOOL FOR UNDERSTANDING RESILIENCE OF FISHERIES (VA-TURF)
18
OBJECTIVES
bull To identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull To demonstrate how to link vulnerability assessment results to climate change adaptation
bull To draft action plans towards reducing vulnerability
19
VA-TURF
VA-TURF
20
VA-TURF FEATURES
bull Target end-users Local stakeholders
bull Spatial scale Fishing village or barangay
bull Climate Change hazards considered Waves and storm surge SST
Required data is accessible or easily generated
Analysis (Scoring and ranking) is simple devoid of complicated mathematical equations
Assessment is participatory
Assists in decision-making for the local adaptation strategies
21
VA-TURF FRAMEWORK
22
exposure sensitivity
potential
impact
adaptive
capacity
vulnerability
The extent to which a
regionresource community
experiences changes in climate The degree to which a
system is affected
byresponsive to
climate changes
The ability to
moderate
potential harm
take advantage of
opportunities or
cope with
consequences of
exposure
Sources in OECD 2006
All impacts that may occur
given a projected change in
climate without
considering adaptation
The extent to which a natural system or human society is unable to
cope with the negative impacts of climate change variability and
extremes
Slide courtesy of P Marshall GRMPA Sources in OECD 2006
VA-TURF
23
FRAMEWORK
Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393
Fisheries
Reef Ecosystem
Socioeconomic
VA-TURF
24
FRAMEWORK
Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393
VA-TURF
25
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
26
David Borja Villanoy Hilario Alino 2012 for submission Climatic Change
Wave (Relative Exposure Index)
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
bull Input data
ndash Gridded bathymetry
ndash Digital coastline
ndash Wind data
bull Calculated using WEMo (Wave Exposure Model) (httpwwwccfhrnoaagovstressorswemo)
27
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
28 Source Villanoy CL et al (2013) Chapter 3 Exposure Waves and storm surges In Vulnerability Assessment Tools for Coastal Ecosystem A Guidebook MERF Quezon City
SENSITIVITY
29
VA-TURF FISHERIES
30
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Dominant catches Pelagics (tuna mackerel etc)
Mix of demersal and pelagic species
Demersal species (eg grouper)
Catch rate gt8 kgfisherday 3 to 8 kgfisherday
lt3 kgfisherday
Gear habitat dependence
Mostly mobile gears (eg drift gill nets)
Presence of both types
Habitat-associated gears (eg fixed on seagrass beds)
VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM
31
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Wave-tolerant species relative to total abundance
Pectoral-swimming fishes (labrids scarids acanthurids) greater than 50
Mix of site-attached and mobile fish species 15-50 pectoral swimming fish
Abundant site-attached butteflyfish angelfish damselfish lt15 pectoral swimming fish
Density of coral dependent fish species (Butterflyfish)
lt5 of the total density
5 to 10 of the total density
gt10 of the total density
Coral cover gt50 coral cover 25 to 50 coral cover
lt25 coral cover
VA-TURF SOCIO-ECONOMIC
32
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Population density lt200 individualskm2
(not crowded sparsely distributed)
200 to 400 individualskm2 (moderately crowded)
gt400 individualskm2 (very crowded)
Fisheries ecosystem dependency
lt15 of total population are fishers
15 to 30 of total population are fishers
gt30 of total population are fishers
ADAPTIVE CAPACITY
33
VA-TURF FISHERIES
34
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Habitat size( fishing grounds)
Small (relative to the waters)
Intermediate size Large
Average sizeamount of catch
Mostly small immature fishes
Abundance of small but with few large fishes
Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)
Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries
Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)
Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence
Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence
Change in catch composition
Considerable changes in the last two decades
Few changes in the last two decades
No change in catch composition
VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM
35
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)
Small reef areas fragmented
Intermediate size of areas
Large reef areas
Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)
Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats
One habitat is of poor quality or very far
Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions
VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC
36
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Annual per capita income from fisheries
Below the provincial poverty threshold
Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Fishers with other sources of income
lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood
40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income
gt60 of fishers have other sources of income
Total amount of all income
Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold
Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Computation for Potential Impact (PI)
Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo
(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
From exposure (E) model 1 3
2 4 Use S and E to derive
VA-TURF
37
Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)
Add the scores of the components of
ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in
ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1
2
PI score (from previous
slide)
3
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
4 Use AC and PI to derive
VA-TURF
Reference to derive
ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2
Reference to derive
ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3
1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories
(ldquoRankrdquo)
VA-TURF
Computation for Overall Vulnerability
H M L
VA-TURF
41
NEXT STEPS
ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)
VA-TURF
42
NEXT STEPS
REDUCE Sensitivity amp
Exposure (POTENTIAL
IMPACT)
INCREASE Adaptive Capacity
REDUCE Vulnerability
High Medium
Medium Low
Low Not Vulnerable
INCREASE Resilience
VA-TURF
43
bull Reducing fishing mortality
bull Enhancing stock recovery
bull Sustainable fisheries use
bull Threat reduction on ecosystems
bull Organizing fisher communities
bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity
bull EAFM development with equitability
bull Diversifying livelihood options
Alintildeo et al 2012
ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
44
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
45
NEXT STEPS
Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
47
Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism
Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming
bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors
(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)
CASE STUDY
48
WAVE EXPOSURE
CASE STUDY
49
Fisheries
Reef ecosystem
Socio- economic
Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries
Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats
High population density
VA-TURF
50
ACTIONS
How does the action
reduce vulnerabil
ity (darrPIuarrAC)
UR
GEN
CY
What is needed for implementation
CA
PAC
ITY
Are there
potential negative impacts
(YN)
What is the value added to
address CC concerns
List benefits
eg ecological
socio-economic
Soci
o-
eco
no
mic
Eco
logi
cal
Go
vern
ance
Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)
uarrAC 3
Establish Marine Park coordinates
Establish Marine Park coordinates
3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats
Socio-economic ecological
Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)
darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side
Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance
3 N Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human)
Regulate water sports (island)
darrPI 3
Assess areas where water sports exist
Review for legal basis for zonation
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning
Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat
Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Sustainable fisheries
Stricter implementation
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards
Protect lives livelihood
Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)
uarrAC darrPI 2
Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)
2 Y Natural buffers to erosion
Protection against erosion
51
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
52
POST VA ACTIVITIES
Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone
Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin
Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay
Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay
Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod
SUMMARY
53
bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries
bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation
bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area
SUMMARY
54
bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries
bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact
55
CLIMATE CHANGE
We can do something about it will
56
Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters
Thank you
Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph
INTRODUCTION
CLIMATE CHANGE
Storm Surge
Global Warming
Acidification
Typhoons
Image credits wwwstormsurgenoaagov| wwwpmelnoaagov| wwwnasagov| wwwscienceblogscom 3
INTRODUCTION
CLIMATE CHANGE
-any significant change in the measures of climate lasting for an extended period of time
-temperature
-precipitation
-wind patterns
Global Warming -recent and ongoing rise in global average temperature caused mostly by increase in concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere -only represents one aspect of climate change
Source US Environmental Protection Agency 4
INTRODUCTION
Source Harley CDG et al(2006) The impacts of climate change in coastal marine systems Ecology Letters 9228-241 | IPCC Climate Change 2014 Synthesis Report
Climate Change Hazards bull uarr Air Temperature bull uarr Sea Surface
Temperature bull Sea Level Rise bull Change in amount
and pattern of rainfall bull Wave energy
5
INTRODUCTION
bull Global average SST increased
ndash Pacific Ocean increased by 031degC from 1950-2009a
ndash Philippines increased by 064degC from 1951-2010b
Source Huang et al (2014) The Climate Data Guide SST data NOAA Extended Reconstruction SSTs Version 3 (ERSSTv3amp3b)| wwwcoralreefwatchnoaagov |a Hoegh-Guldberg et el 2014 The Ocean| b wwwpagasadostgovph
Sea Surface Temperature (SST)
6
INTRODUCTION
Type of change Climatic variable
Impacts Potential Impacts to Fisheries
Fish stocks High SST Change in physiology and sex ratios of fished species Altered timing of spawning migrations andor peak abundance Increased invasive species diseases and algal blooms
Changes in timing and levels of productivity across marine and freshwater systems Reduced production of target species
Source AllisonEH et al (2009) Vulnerability of national economies to the impacts of climate change on fisheries Fish and Fisheries DOI 101111j1467-2979200800310x
IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE TO FISHERIES
7
INTRODUCTION
bull CO2 uptake has decreased ocean pH ndash Implications on biology
of organisms (reproduction growth neural functions etc) and ecosystem processes (reef building primary productivity etc)
Ocean Acidification Decrease in ocean pH
Source IPCC 4th Assessment Report Climate Change 2007| Hoegh-Guldberg et al (2014) 8
INTRODUCTION
Ocean Acidification Decrease in ocean pH
Source IPCC 4th Assessment Report Climate Change 2007| Hoegh-Guldberg et al (2014) 9
INTRODUCTION
bull Global annual land mean precipitation showed small but upward trend over the century ~ 11 mm per decade a
bull In Philippines increasing trend in frequency and intensity of extreme rainfall observed b
Change in frequency and intensity of rainfall
Source a IPCC 4th Assessment Report Climate Change 2007| b wwwpagasadostgovph Image credit IPCC 4th Assessment Report 2007
10
INTRODUCTION
IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE TO FISHERIES
11
Nearshore habitats (Corals seagrass mangroves)
Individual-level response to environmental conditions (food availability temperature etc)
Reduced catch Disappearance of fish
Low income for fishers
Timing of reproduction recruitment Shift in distribution Growth and survival
Reproductive success low Change in species composition
Reduced protection of coasts Coasts more exposed to
wave
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
CLIMATE CHANGE
PEOPLE MARINE
ECOSYSTEM
12 Image credits wwwkomusincom |wwwmotor-kidcom |wwwfoundmyselfcom
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
PHILIPPINES A VERY VULNERABLE COUNTRY
Image credit KreftS and EcksteinD (2014) Global Climate Risk Index 2014 Who Suffers Most from Extreme Weather Events Weather- Related Loss Events in 2012 and 1993 to 2012
13
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Photo credit C Villanoy| Slide courtesy of HOA 14
Map of typhoon frequency in the Philippines
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
PHILIPPINES A VERY VULNERABLE COUNTRY
15 Source Burke LK et al (2011) Reefs at Risk Revisited Washington DC USA World Resources Institute
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
STATUS OF PHILIPPINE CORAL REEFS
16
Figure 3 Philippine map and its biogeographic regions (brown lines Alintildeo and Gomez 1994) showing the color coded hard coral cover data that were surveyed from 2008 to 2014 in 73 municipalities Typhoon paths Blue arrow for Typhoon Washi (Sendong) Red arrow for Typhoon Bopha (Pablo) and Green arrow for Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda)
Source Alintildeo PM et al (2014)Status of Philippine Coral Reefs 2014 (in press)| Burke et al(2011) Reefs at Risk Revisited
Threats to Coral Reefs bull Overfishing bull Destructive Fishing bull Pollution bull Sedimentation bull Coastal Development
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
bull Nearly 60 of the population is dependent on fisheries
bull Fishers are the poorest of the poor sector a
bull Fish stocks in major fishing grounds in the Philippines have been reduced to less than 10 of 1950s level b
bull Average catch rate of Filipino fisherfolks is less than frac12 of what they catch in 1970sc
STATUS OF PHILIPPINE FISHERIES
Sources aCastroLV (2006) Poverty Statistics for the Basic Sector bGreen SJ et al (2003) Philippine Fisheries in Crisis A Framework for Management cMuallil et al (2014)
17
TOOL FOR UNDERSTANDING RESILIENCE OF FISHERIES (VA-TURF)
18
OBJECTIVES
bull To identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull To demonstrate how to link vulnerability assessment results to climate change adaptation
bull To draft action plans towards reducing vulnerability
19
VA-TURF
VA-TURF
20
VA-TURF FEATURES
bull Target end-users Local stakeholders
bull Spatial scale Fishing village or barangay
bull Climate Change hazards considered Waves and storm surge SST
Required data is accessible or easily generated
Analysis (Scoring and ranking) is simple devoid of complicated mathematical equations
Assessment is participatory
Assists in decision-making for the local adaptation strategies
21
VA-TURF FRAMEWORK
22
exposure sensitivity
potential
impact
adaptive
capacity
vulnerability
The extent to which a
regionresource community
experiences changes in climate The degree to which a
system is affected
byresponsive to
climate changes
The ability to
moderate
potential harm
take advantage of
opportunities or
cope with
consequences of
exposure
Sources in OECD 2006
All impacts that may occur
given a projected change in
climate without
considering adaptation
The extent to which a natural system or human society is unable to
cope with the negative impacts of climate change variability and
extremes
Slide courtesy of P Marshall GRMPA Sources in OECD 2006
VA-TURF
23
FRAMEWORK
Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393
Fisheries
Reef Ecosystem
Socioeconomic
VA-TURF
24
FRAMEWORK
Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393
VA-TURF
25
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
26
David Borja Villanoy Hilario Alino 2012 for submission Climatic Change
Wave (Relative Exposure Index)
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
bull Input data
ndash Gridded bathymetry
ndash Digital coastline
ndash Wind data
bull Calculated using WEMo (Wave Exposure Model) (httpwwwccfhrnoaagovstressorswemo)
27
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
28 Source Villanoy CL et al (2013) Chapter 3 Exposure Waves and storm surges In Vulnerability Assessment Tools for Coastal Ecosystem A Guidebook MERF Quezon City
SENSITIVITY
29
VA-TURF FISHERIES
30
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Dominant catches Pelagics (tuna mackerel etc)
Mix of demersal and pelagic species
Demersal species (eg grouper)
Catch rate gt8 kgfisherday 3 to 8 kgfisherday
lt3 kgfisherday
Gear habitat dependence
Mostly mobile gears (eg drift gill nets)
Presence of both types
Habitat-associated gears (eg fixed on seagrass beds)
VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM
31
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Wave-tolerant species relative to total abundance
Pectoral-swimming fishes (labrids scarids acanthurids) greater than 50
Mix of site-attached and mobile fish species 15-50 pectoral swimming fish
Abundant site-attached butteflyfish angelfish damselfish lt15 pectoral swimming fish
Density of coral dependent fish species (Butterflyfish)
lt5 of the total density
5 to 10 of the total density
gt10 of the total density
Coral cover gt50 coral cover 25 to 50 coral cover
lt25 coral cover
VA-TURF SOCIO-ECONOMIC
32
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Population density lt200 individualskm2
(not crowded sparsely distributed)
200 to 400 individualskm2 (moderately crowded)
gt400 individualskm2 (very crowded)
Fisheries ecosystem dependency
lt15 of total population are fishers
15 to 30 of total population are fishers
gt30 of total population are fishers
ADAPTIVE CAPACITY
33
VA-TURF FISHERIES
34
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Habitat size( fishing grounds)
Small (relative to the waters)
Intermediate size Large
Average sizeamount of catch
Mostly small immature fishes
Abundance of small but with few large fishes
Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)
Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries
Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)
Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence
Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence
Change in catch composition
Considerable changes in the last two decades
Few changes in the last two decades
No change in catch composition
VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM
35
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)
Small reef areas fragmented
Intermediate size of areas
Large reef areas
Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)
Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats
One habitat is of poor quality or very far
Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions
VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC
36
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Annual per capita income from fisheries
Below the provincial poverty threshold
Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Fishers with other sources of income
lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood
40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income
gt60 of fishers have other sources of income
Total amount of all income
Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold
Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Computation for Potential Impact (PI)
Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo
(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
From exposure (E) model 1 3
2 4 Use S and E to derive
VA-TURF
37
Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)
Add the scores of the components of
ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in
ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1
2
PI score (from previous
slide)
3
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
4 Use AC and PI to derive
VA-TURF
Reference to derive
ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2
Reference to derive
ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3
1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories
(ldquoRankrdquo)
VA-TURF
Computation for Overall Vulnerability
H M L
VA-TURF
41
NEXT STEPS
ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)
VA-TURF
42
NEXT STEPS
REDUCE Sensitivity amp
Exposure (POTENTIAL
IMPACT)
INCREASE Adaptive Capacity
REDUCE Vulnerability
High Medium
Medium Low
Low Not Vulnerable
INCREASE Resilience
VA-TURF
43
bull Reducing fishing mortality
bull Enhancing stock recovery
bull Sustainable fisheries use
bull Threat reduction on ecosystems
bull Organizing fisher communities
bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity
bull EAFM development with equitability
bull Diversifying livelihood options
Alintildeo et al 2012
ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
44
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
45
NEXT STEPS
Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
47
Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism
Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming
bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors
(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)
CASE STUDY
48
WAVE EXPOSURE
CASE STUDY
49
Fisheries
Reef ecosystem
Socio- economic
Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries
Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats
High population density
VA-TURF
50
ACTIONS
How does the action
reduce vulnerabil
ity (darrPIuarrAC)
UR
GEN
CY
What is needed for implementation
CA
PAC
ITY
Are there
potential negative impacts
(YN)
What is the value added to
address CC concerns
List benefits
eg ecological
socio-economic
Soci
o-
eco
no
mic
Eco
logi
cal
Go
vern
ance
Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)
uarrAC 3
Establish Marine Park coordinates
Establish Marine Park coordinates
3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats
Socio-economic ecological
Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)
darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side
Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance
3 N Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human)
Regulate water sports (island)
darrPI 3
Assess areas where water sports exist
Review for legal basis for zonation
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning
Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat
Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Sustainable fisheries
Stricter implementation
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards
Protect lives livelihood
Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)
uarrAC darrPI 2
Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)
2 Y Natural buffers to erosion
Protection against erosion
51
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
52
POST VA ACTIVITIES
Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone
Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin
Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay
Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay
Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod
SUMMARY
53
bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries
bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation
bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area
SUMMARY
54
bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries
bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact
55
CLIMATE CHANGE
We can do something about it will
56
Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters
Thank you
Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph
INTRODUCTION
CLIMATE CHANGE
-any significant change in the measures of climate lasting for an extended period of time
-temperature
-precipitation
-wind patterns
Global Warming -recent and ongoing rise in global average temperature caused mostly by increase in concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere -only represents one aspect of climate change
Source US Environmental Protection Agency 4
INTRODUCTION
Source Harley CDG et al(2006) The impacts of climate change in coastal marine systems Ecology Letters 9228-241 | IPCC Climate Change 2014 Synthesis Report
Climate Change Hazards bull uarr Air Temperature bull uarr Sea Surface
Temperature bull Sea Level Rise bull Change in amount
and pattern of rainfall bull Wave energy
5
INTRODUCTION
bull Global average SST increased
ndash Pacific Ocean increased by 031degC from 1950-2009a
ndash Philippines increased by 064degC from 1951-2010b
Source Huang et al (2014) The Climate Data Guide SST data NOAA Extended Reconstruction SSTs Version 3 (ERSSTv3amp3b)| wwwcoralreefwatchnoaagov |a Hoegh-Guldberg et el 2014 The Ocean| b wwwpagasadostgovph
Sea Surface Temperature (SST)
6
INTRODUCTION
Type of change Climatic variable
Impacts Potential Impacts to Fisheries
Fish stocks High SST Change in physiology and sex ratios of fished species Altered timing of spawning migrations andor peak abundance Increased invasive species diseases and algal blooms
Changes in timing and levels of productivity across marine and freshwater systems Reduced production of target species
Source AllisonEH et al (2009) Vulnerability of national economies to the impacts of climate change on fisheries Fish and Fisheries DOI 101111j1467-2979200800310x
IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE TO FISHERIES
7
INTRODUCTION
bull CO2 uptake has decreased ocean pH ndash Implications on biology
of organisms (reproduction growth neural functions etc) and ecosystem processes (reef building primary productivity etc)
Ocean Acidification Decrease in ocean pH
Source IPCC 4th Assessment Report Climate Change 2007| Hoegh-Guldberg et al (2014) 8
INTRODUCTION
Ocean Acidification Decrease in ocean pH
Source IPCC 4th Assessment Report Climate Change 2007| Hoegh-Guldberg et al (2014) 9
INTRODUCTION
bull Global annual land mean precipitation showed small but upward trend over the century ~ 11 mm per decade a
bull In Philippines increasing trend in frequency and intensity of extreme rainfall observed b
Change in frequency and intensity of rainfall
Source a IPCC 4th Assessment Report Climate Change 2007| b wwwpagasadostgovph Image credit IPCC 4th Assessment Report 2007
10
INTRODUCTION
IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE TO FISHERIES
11
Nearshore habitats (Corals seagrass mangroves)
Individual-level response to environmental conditions (food availability temperature etc)
Reduced catch Disappearance of fish
Low income for fishers
Timing of reproduction recruitment Shift in distribution Growth and survival
Reproductive success low Change in species composition
Reduced protection of coasts Coasts more exposed to
wave
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
CLIMATE CHANGE
PEOPLE MARINE
ECOSYSTEM
12 Image credits wwwkomusincom |wwwmotor-kidcom |wwwfoundmyselfcom
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
PHILIPPINES A VERY VULNERABLE COUNTRY
Image credit KreftS and EcksteinD (2014) Global Climate Risk Index 2014 Who Suffers Most from Extreme Weather Events Weather- Related Loss Events in 2012 and 1993 to 2012
13
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Photo credit C Villanoy| Slide courtesy of HOA 14
Map of typhoon frequency in the Philippines
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
PHILIPPINES A VERY VULNERABLE COUNTRY
15 Source Burke LK et al (2011) Reefs at Risk Revisited Washington DC USA World Resources Institute
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
STATUS OF PHILIPPINE CORAL REEFS
16
Figure 3 Philippine map and its biogeographic regions (brown lines Alintildeo and Gomez 1994) showing the color coded hard coral cover data that were surveyed from 2008 to 2014 in 73 municipalities Typhoon paths Blue arrow for Typhoon Washi (Sendong) Red arrow for Typhoon Bopha (Pablo) and Green arrow for Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda)
Source Alintildeo PM et al (2014)Status of Philippine Coral Reefs 2014 (in press)| Burke et al(2011) Reefs at Risk Revisited
Threats to Coral Reefs bull Overfishing bull Destructive Fishing bull Pollution bull Sedimentation bull Coastal Development
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
bull Nearly 60 of the population is dependent on fisheries
bull Fishers are the poorest of the poor sector a
bull Fish stocks in major fishing grounds in the Philippines have been reduced to less than 10 of 1950s level b
bull Average catch rate of Filipino fisherfolks is less than frac12 of what they catch in 1970sc
STATUS OF PHILIPPINE FISHERIES
Sources aCastroLV (2006) Poverty Statistics for the Basic Sector bGreen SJ et al (2003) Philippine Fisheries in Crisis A Framework for Management cMuallil et al (2014)
17
TOOL FOR UNDERSTANDING RESILIENCE OF FISHERIES (VA-TURF)
18
OBJECTIVES
bull To identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull To demonstrate how to link vulnerability assessment results to climate change adaptation
bull To draft action plans towards reducing vulnerability
19
VA-TURF
VA-TURF
20
VA-TURF FEATURES
bull Target end-users Local stakeholders
bull Spatial scale Fishing village or barangay
bull Climate Change hazards considered Waves and storm surge SST
Required data is accessible or easily generated
Analysis (Scoring and ranking) is simple devoid of complicated mathematical equations
Assessment is participatory
Assists in decision-making for the local adaptation strategies
21
VA-TURF FRAMEWORK
22
exposure sensitivity
potential
impact
adaptive
capacity
vulnerability
The extent to which a
regionresource community
experiences changes in climate The degree to which a
system is affected
byresponsive to
climate changes
The ability to
moderate
potential harm
take advantage of
opportunities or
cope with
consequences of
exposure
Sources in OECD 2006
All impacts that may occur
given a projected change in
climate without
considering adaptation
The extent to which a natural system or human society is unable to
cope with the negative impacts of climate change variability and
extremes
Slide courtesy of P Marshall GRMPA Sources in OECD 2006
VA-TURF
23
FRAMEWORK
Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393
Fisheries
Reef Ecosystem
Socioeconomic
VA-TURF
24
FRAMEWORK
Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393
VA-TURF
25
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
26
David Borja Villanoy Hilario Alino 2012 for submission Climatic Change
Wave (Relative Exposure Index)
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
bull Input data
ndash Gridded bathymetry
ndash Digital coastline
ndash Wind data
bull Calculated using WEMo (Wave Exposure Model) (httpwwwccfhrnoaagovstressorswemo)
27
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
28 Source Villanoy CL et al (2013) Chapter 3 Exposure Waves and storm surges In Vulnerability Assessment Tools for Coastal Ecosystem A Guidebook MERF Quezon City
SENSITIVITY
29
VA-TURF FISHERIES
30
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Dominant catches Pelagics (tuna mackerel etc)
Mix of demersal and pelagic species
Demersal species (eg grouper)
Catch rate gt8 kgfisherday 3 to 8 kgfisherday
lt3 kgfisherday
Gear habitat dependence
Mostly mobile gears (eg drift gill nets)
Presence of both types
Habitat-associated gears (eg fixed on seagrass beds)
VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM
31
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Wave-tolerant species relative to total abundance
Pectoral-swimming fishes (labrids scarids acanthurids) greater than 50
Mix of site-attached and mobile fish species 15-50 pectoral swimming fish
Abundant site-attached butteflyfish angelfish damselfish lt15 pectoral swimming fish
Density of coral dependent fish species (Butterflyfish)
lt5 of the total density
5 to 10 of the total density
gt10 of the total density
Coral cover gt50 coral cover 25 to 50 coral cover
lt25 coral cover
VA-TURF SOCIO-ECONOMIC
32
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Population density lt200 individualskm2
(not crowded sparsely distributed)
200 to 400 individualskm2 (moderately crowded)
gt400 individualskm2 (very crowded)
Fisheries ecosystem dependency
lt15 of total population are fishers
15 to 30 of total population are fishers
gt30 of total population are fishers
ADAPTIVE CAPACITY
33
VA-TURF FISHERIES
34
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Habitat size( fishing grounds)
Small (relative to the waters)
Intermediate size Large
Average sizeamount of catch
Mostly small immature fishes
Abundance of small but with few large fishes
Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)
Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries
Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)
Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence
Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence
Change in catch composition
Considerable changes in the last two decades
Few changes in the last two decades
No change in catch composition
VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM
35
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)
Small reef areas fragmented
Intermediate size of areas
Large reef areas
Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)
Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats
One habitat is of poor quality or very far
Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions
VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC
36
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Annual per capita income from fisheries
Below the provincial poverty threshold
Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Fishers with other sources of income
lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood
40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income
gt60 of fishers have other sources of income
Total amount of all income
Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold
Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Computation for Potential Impact (PI)
Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo
(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
From exposure (E) model 1 3
2 4 Use S and E to derive
VA-TURF
37
Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)
Add the scores of the components of
ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in
ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1
2
PI score (from previous
slide)
3
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
4 Use AC and PI to derive
VA-TURF
Reference to derive
ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2
Reference to derive
ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3
1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories
(ldquoRankrdquo)
VA-TURF
Computation for Overall Vulnerability
H M L
VA-TURF
41
NEXT STEPS
ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)
VA-TURF
42
NEXT STEPS
REDUCE Sensitivity amp
Exposure (POTENTIAL
IMPACT)
INCREASE Adaptive Capacity
REDUCE Vulnerability
High Medium
Medium Low
Low Not Vulnerable
INCREASE Resilience
VA-TURF
43
bull Reducing fishing mortality
bull Enhancing stock recovery
bull Sustainable fisheries use
bull Threat reduction on ecosystems
bull Organizing fisher communities
bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity
bull EAFM development with equitability
bull Diversifying livelihood options
Alintildeo et al 2012
ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
44
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
45
NEXT STEPS
Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
47
Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism
Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming
bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors
(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)
CASE STUDY
48
WAVE EXPOSURE
CASE STUDY
49
Fisheries
Reef ecosystem
Socio- economic
Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries
Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats
High population density
VA-TURF
50
ACTIONS
How does the action
reduce vulnerabil
ity (darrPIuarrAC)
UR
GEN
CY
What is needed for implementation
CA
PAC
ITY
Are there
potential negative impacts
(YN)
What is the value added to
address CC concerns
List benefits
eg ecological
socio-economic
Soci
o-
eco
no
mic
Eco
logi
cal
Go
vern
ance
Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)
uarrAC 3
Establish Marine Park coordinates
Establish Marine Park coordinates
3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats
Socio-economic ecological
Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)
darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side
Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance
3 N Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human)
Regulate water sports (island)
darrPI 3
Assess areas where water sports exist
Review for legal basis for zonation
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning
Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat
Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Sustainable fisheries
Stricter implementation
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards
Protect lives livelihood
Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)
uarrAC darrPI 2
Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)
2 Y Natural buffers to erosion
Protection against erosion
51
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
52
POST VA ACTIVITIES
Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone
Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin
Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay
Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay
Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod
SUMMARY
53
bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries
bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation
bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area
SUMMARY
54
bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries
bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact
55
CLIMATE CHANGE
We can do something about it will
56
Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters
Thank you
Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph
INTRODUCTION
Source Harley CDG et al(2006) The impacts of climate change in coastal marine systems Ecology Letters 9228-241 | IPCC Climate Change 2014 Synthesis Report
Climate Change Hazards bull uarr Air Temperature bull uarr Sea Surface
Temperature bull Sea Level Rise bull Change in amount
and pattern of rainfall bull Wave energy
5
INTRODUCTION
bull Global average SST increased
ndash Pacific Ocean increased by 031degC from 1950-2009a
ndash Philippines increased by 064degC from 1951-2010b
Source Huang et al (2014) The Climate Data Guide SST data NOAA Extended Reconstruction SSTs Version 3 (ERSSTv3amp3b)| wwwcoralreefwatchnoaagov |a Hoegh-Guldberg et el 2014 The Ocean| b wwwpagasadostgovph
Sea Surface Temperature (SST)
6
INTRODUCTION
Type of change Climatic variable
Impacts Potential Impacts to Fisheries
Fish stocks High SST Change in physiology and sex ratios of fished species Altered timing of spawning migrations andor peak abundance Increased invasive species diseases and algal blooms
Changes in timing and levels of productivity across marine and freshwater systems Reduced production of target species
Source AllisonEH et al (2009) Vulnerability of national economies to the impacts of climate change on fisheries Fish and Fisheries DOI 101111j1467-2979200800310x
IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE TO FISHERIES
7
INTRODUCTION
bull CO2 uptake has decreased ocean pH ndash Implications on biology
of organisms (reproduction growth neural functions etc) and ecosystem processes (reef building primary productivity etc)
Ocean Acidification Decrease in ocean pH
Source IPCC 4th Assessment Report Climate Change 2007| Hoegh-Guldberg et al (2014) 8
INTRODUCTION
Ocean Acidification Decrease in ocean pH
Source IPCC 4th Assessment Report Climate Change 2007| Hoegh-Guldberg et al (2014) 9
INTRODUCTION
bull Global annual land mean precipitation showed small but upward trend over the century ~ 11 mm per decade a
bull In Philippines increasing trend in frequency and intensity of extreme rainfall observed b
Change in frequency and intensity of rainfall
Source a IPCC 4th Assessment Report Climate Change 2007| b wwwpagasadostgovph Image credit IPCC 4th Assessment Report 2007
10
INTRODUCTION
IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE TO FISHERIES
11
Nearshore habitats (Corals seagrass mangroves)
Individual-level response to environmental conditions (food availability temperature etc)
Reduced catch Disappearance of fish
Low income for fishers
Timing of reproduction recruitment Shift in distribution Growth and survival
Reproductive success low Change in species composition
Reduced protection of coasts Coasts more exposed to
wave
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
CLIMATE CHANGE
PEOPLE MARINE
ECOSYSTEM
12 Image credits wwwkomusincom |wwwmotor-kidcom |wwwfoundmyselfcom
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
PHILIPPINES A VERY VULNERABLE COUNTRY
Image credit KreftS and EcksteinD (2014) Global Climate Risk Index 2014 Who Suffers Most from Extreme Weather Events Weather- Related Loss Events in 2012 and 1993 to 2012
13
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Photo credit C Villanoy| Slide courtesy of HOA 14
Map of typhoon frequency in the Philippines
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
PHILIPPINES A VERY VULNERABLE COUNTRY
15 Source Burke LK et al (2011) Reefs at Risk Revisited Washington DC USA World Resources Institute
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
STATUS OF PHILIPPINE CORAL REEFS
16
Figure 3 Philippine map and its biogeographic regions (brown lines Alintildeo and Gomez 1994) showing the color coded hard coral cover data that were surveyed from 2008 to 2014 in 73 municipalities Typhoon paths Blue arrow for Typhoon Washi (Sendong) Red arrow for Typhoon Bopha (Pablo) and Green arrow for Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda)
Source Alintildeo PM et al (2014)Status of Philippine Coral Reefs 2014 (in press)| Burke et al(2011) Reefs at Risk Revisited
Threats to Coral Reefs bull Overfishing bull Destructive Fishing bull Pollution bull Sedimentation bull Coastal Development
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
bull Nearly 60 of the population is dependent on fisheries
bull Fishers are the poorest of the poor sector a
bull Fish stocks in major fishing grounds in the Philippines have been reduced to less than 10 of 1950s level b
bull Average catch rate of Filipino fisherfolks is less than frac12 of what they catch in 1970sc
STATUS OF PHILIPPINE FISHERIES
Sources aCastroLV (2006) Poverty Statistics for the Basic Sector bGreen SJ et al (2003) Philippine Fisheries in Crisis A Framework for Management cMuallil et al (2014)
17
TOOL FOR UNDERSTANDING RESILIENCE OF FISHERIES (VA-TURF)
18
OBJECTIVES
bull To identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull To demonstrate how to link vulnerability assessment results to climate change adaptation
bull To draft action plans towards reducing vulnerability
19
VA-TURF
VA-TURF
20
VA-TURF FEATURES
bull Target end-users Local stakeholders
bull Spatial scale Fishing village or barangay
bull Climate Change hazards considered Waves and storm surge SST
Required data is accessible or easily generated
Analysis (Scoring and ranking) is simple devoid of complicated mathematical equations
Assessment is participatory
Assists in decision-making for the local adaptation strategies
21
VA-TURF FRAMEWORK
22
exposure sensitivity
potential
impact
adaptive
capacity
vulnerability
The extent to which a
regionresource community
experiences changes in climate The degree to which a
system is affected
byresponsive to
climate changes
The ability to
moderate
potential harm
take advantage of
opportunities or
cope with
consequences of
exposure
Sources in OECD 2006
All impacts that may occur
given a projected change in
climate without
considering adaptation
The extent to which a natural system or human society is unable to
cope with the negative impacts of climate change variability and
extremes
Slide courtesy of P Marshall GRMPA Sources in OECD 2006
VA-TURF
23
FRAMEWORK
Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393
Fisheries
Reef Ecosystem
Socioeconomic
VA-TURF
24
FRAMEWORK
Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393
VA-TURF
25
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
26
David Borja Villanoy Hilario Alino 2012 for submission Climatic Change
Wave (Relative Exposure Index)
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
bull Input data
ndash Gridded bathymetry
ndash Digital coastline
ndash Wind data
bull Calculated using WEMo (Wave Exposure Model) (httpwwwccfhrnoaagovstressorswemo)
27
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
28 Source Villanoy CL et al (2013) Chapter 3 Exposure Waves and storm surges In Vulnerability Assessment Tools for Coastal Ecosystem A Guidebook MERF Quezon City
SENSITIVITY
29
VA-TURF FISHERIES
30
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Dominant catches Pelagics (tuna mackerel etc)
Mix of demersal and pelagic species
Demersal species (eg grouper)
Catch rate gt8 kgfisherday 3 to 8 kgfisherday
lt3 kgfisherday
Gear habitat dependence
Mostly mobile gears (eg drift gill nets)
Presence of both types
Habitat-associated gears (eg fixed on seagrass beds)
VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM
31
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Wave-tolerant species relative to total abundance
Pectoral-swimming fishes (labrids scarids acanthurids) greater than 50
Mix of site-attached and mobile fish species 15-50 pectoral swimming fish
Abundant site-attached butteflyfish angelfish damselfish lt15 pectoral swimming fish
Density of coral dependent fish species (Butterflyfish)
lt5 of the total density
5 to 10 of the total density
gt10 of the total density
Coral cover gt50 coral cover 25 to 50 coral cover
lt25 coral cover
VA-TURF SOCIO-ECONOMIC
32
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Population density lt200 individualskm2
(not crowded sparsely distributed)
200 to 400 individualskm2 (moderately crowded)
gt400 individualskm2 (very crowded)
Fisheries ecosystem dependency
lt15 of total population are fishers
15 to 30 of total population are fishers
gt30 of total population are fishers
ADAPTIVE CAPACITY
33
VA-TURF FISHERIES
34
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Habitat size( fishing grounds)
Small (relative to the waters)
Intermediate size Large
Average sizeamount of catch
Mostly small immature fishes
Abundance of small but with few large fishes
Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)
Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries
Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)
Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence
Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence
Change in catch composition
Considerable changes in the last two decades
Few changes in the last two decades
No change in catch composition
VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM
35
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)
Small reef areas fragmented
Intermediate size of areas
Large reef areas
Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)
Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats
One habitat is of poor quality or very far
Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions
VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC
36
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Annual per capita income from fisheries
Below the provincial poverty threshold
Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Fishers with other sources of income
lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood
40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income
gt60 of fishers have other sources of income
Total amount of all income
Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold
Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Computation for Potential Impact (PI)
Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo
(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
From exposure (E) model 1 3
2 4 Use S and E to derive
VA-TURF
37
Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)
Add the scores of the components of
ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in
ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1
2
PI score (from previous
slide)
3
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
4 Use AC and PI to derive
VA-TURF
Reference to derive
ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2
Reference to derive
ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3
1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories
(ldquoRankrdquo)
VA-TURF
Computation for Overall Vulnerability
H M L
VA-TURF
41
NEXT STEPS
ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)
VA-TURF
42
NEXT STEPS
REDUCE Sensitivity amp
Exposure (POTENTIAL
IMPACT)
INCREASE Adaptive Capacity
REDUCE Vulnerability
High Medium
Medium Low
Low Not Vulnerable
INCREASE Resilience
VA-TURF
43
bull Reducing fishing mortality
bull Enhancing stock recovery
bull Sustainable fisheries use
bull Threat reduction on ecosystems
bull Organizing fisher communities
bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity
bull EAFM development with equitability
bull Diversifying livelihood options
Alintildeo et al 2012
ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
44
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
45
NEXT STEPS
Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
47
Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism
Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming
bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors
(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)
CASE STUDY
48
WAVE EXPOSURE
CASE STUDY
49
Fisheries
Reef ecosystem
Socio- economic
Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries
Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats
High population density
VA-TURF
50
ACTIONS
How does the action
reduce vulnerabil
ity (darrPIuarrAC)
UR
GEN
CY
What is needed for implementation
CA
PAC
ITY
Are there
potential negative impacts
(YN)
What is the value added to
address CC concerns
List benefits
eg ecological
socio-economic
Soci
o-
eco
no
mic
Eco
logi
cal
Go
vern
ance
Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)
uarrAC 3
Establish Marine Park coordinates
Establish Marine Park coordinates
3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats
Socio-economic ecological
Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)
darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side
Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance
3 N Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human)
Regulate water sports (island)
darrPI 3
Assess areas where water sports exist
Review for legal basis for zonation
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning
Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat
Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Sustainable fisheries
Stricter implementation
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards
Protect lives livelihood
Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)
uarrAC darrPI 2
Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)
2 Y Natural buffers to erosion
Protection against erosion
51
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
52
POST VA ACTIVITIES
Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone
Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin
Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay
Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay
Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod
SUMMARY
53
bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries
bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation
bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area
SUMMARY
54
bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries
bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact
55
CLIMATE CHANGE
We can do something about it will
56
Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters
Thank you
Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph
INTRODUCTION
bull Global average SST increased
ndash Pacific Ocean increased by 031degC from 1950-2009a
ndash Philippines increased by 064degC from 1951-2010b
Source Huang et al (2014) The Climate Data Guide SST data NOAA Extended Reconstruction SSTs Version 3 (ERSSTv3amp3b)| wwwcoralreefwatchnoaagov |a Hoegh-Guldberg et el 2014 The Ocean| b wwwpagasadostgovph
Sea Surface Temperature (SST)
6
INTRODUCTION
Type of change Climatic variable
Impacts Potential Impacts to Fisheries
Fish stocks High SST Change in physiology and sex ratios of fished species Altered timing of spawning migrations andor peak abundance Increased invasive species diseases and algal blooms
Changes in timing and levels of productivity across marine and freshwater systems Reduced production of target species
Source AllisonEH et al (2009) Vulnerability of national economies to the impacts of climate change on fisheries Fish and Fisheries DOI 101111j1467-2979200800310x
IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE TO FISHERIES
7
INTRODUCTION
bull CO2 uptake has decreased ocean pH ndash Implications on biology
of organisms (reproduction growth neural functions etc) and ecosystem processes (reef building primary productivity etc)
Ocean Acidification Decrease in ocean pH
Source IPCC 4th Assessment Report Climate Change 2007| Hoegh-Guldberg et al (2014) 8
INTRODUCTION
Ocean Acidification Decrease in ocean pH
Source IPCC 4th Assessment Report Climate Change 2007| Hoegh-Guldberg et al (2014) 9
INTRODUCTION
bull Global annual land mean precipitation showed small but upward trend over the century ~ 11 mm per decade a
bull In Philippines increasing trend in frequency and intensity of extreme rainfall observed b
Change in frequency and intensity of rainfall
Source a IPCC 4th Assessment Report Climate Change 2007| b wwwpagasadostgovph Image credit IPCC 4th Assessment Report 2007
10
INTRODUCTION
IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE TO FISHERIES
11
Nearshore habitats (Corals seagrass mangroves)
Individual-level response to environmental conditions (food availability temperature etc)
Reduced catch Disappearance of fish
Low income for fishers
Timing of reproduction recruitment Shift in distribution Growth and survival
Reproductive success low Change in species composition
Reduced protection of coasts Coasts more exposed to
wave
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
CLIMATE CHANGE
PEOPLE MARINE
ECOSYSTEM
12 Image credits wwwkomusincom |wwwmotor-kidcom |wwwfoundmyselfcom
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
PHILIPPINES A VERY VULNERABLE COUNTRY
Image credit KreftS and EcksteinD (2014) Global Climate Risk Index 2014 Who Suffers Most from Extreme Weather Events Weather- Related Loss Events in 2012 and 1993 to 2012
13
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Photo credit C Villanoy| Slide courtesy of HOA 14
Map of typhoon frequency in the Philippines
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
PHILIPPINES A VERY VULNERABLE COUNTRY
15 Source Burke LK et al (2011) Reefs at Risk Revisited Washington DC USA World Resources Institute
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
STATUS OF PHILIPPINE CORAL REEFS
16
Figure 3 Philippine map and its biogeographic regions (brown lines Alintildeo and Gomez 1994) showing the color coded hard coral cover data that were surveyed from 2008 to 2014 in 73 municipalities Typhoon paths Blue arrow for Typhoon Washi (Sendong) Red arrow for Typhoon Bopha (Pablo) and Green arrow for Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda)
Source Alintildeo PM et al (2014)Status of Philippine Coral Reefs 2014 (in press)| Burke et al(2011) Reefs at Risk Revisited
Threats to Coral Reefs bull Overfishing bull Destructive Fishing bull Pollution bull Sedimentation bull Coastal Development
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
bull Nearly 60 of the population is dependent on fisheries
bull Fishers are the poorest of the poor sector a
bull Fish stocks in major fishing grounds in the Philippines have been reduced to less than 10 of 1950s level b
bull Average catch rate of Filipino fisherfolks is less than frac12 of what they catch in 1970sc
STATUS OF PHILIPPINE FISHERIES
Sources aCastroLV (2006) Poverty Statistics for the Basic Sector bGreen SJ et al (2003) Philippine Fisheries in Crisis A Framework for Management cMuallil et al (2014)
17
TOOL FOR UNDERSTANDING RESILIENCE OF FISHERIES (VA-TURF)
18
OBJECTIVES
bull To identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull To demonstrate how to link vulnerability assessment results to climate change adaptation
bull To draft action plans towards reducing vulnerability
19
VA-TURF
VA-TURF
20
VA-TURF FEATURES
bull Target end-users Local stakeholders
bull Spatial scale Fishing village or barangay
bull Climate Change hazards considered Waves and storm surge SST
Required data is accessible or easily generated
Analysis (Scoring and ranking) is simple devoid of complicated mathematical equations
Assessment is participatory
Assists in decision-making for the local adaptation strategies
21
VA-TURF FRAMEWORK
22
exposure sensitivity
potential
impact
adaptive
capacity
vulnerability
The extent to which a
regionresource community
experiences changes in climate The degree to which a
system is affected
byresponsive to
climate changes
The ability to
moderate
potential harm
take advantage of
opportunities or
cope with
consequences of
exposure
Sources in OECD 2006
All impacts that may occur
given a projected change in
climate without
considering adaptation
The extent to which a natural system or human society is unable to
cope with the negative impacts of climate change variability and
extremes
Slide courtesy of P Marshall GRMPA Sources in OECD 2006
VA-TURF
23
FRAMEWORK
Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393
Fisheries
Reef Ecosystem
Socioeconomic
VA-TURF
24
FRAMEWORK
Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393
VA-TURF
25
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
26
David Borja Villanoy Hilario Alino 2012 for submission Climatic Change
Wave (Relative Exposure Index)
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
bull Input data
ndash Gridded bathymetry
ndash Digital coastline
ndash Wind data
bull Calculated using WEMo (Wave Exposure Model) (httpwwwccfhrnoaagovstressorswemo)
27
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
28 Source Villanoy CL et al (2013) Chapter 3 Exposure Waves and storm surges In Vulnerability Assessment Tools for Coastal Ecosystem A Guidebook MERF Quezon City
SENSITIVITY
29
VA-TURF FISHERIES
30
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Dominant catches Pelagics (tuna mackerel etc)
Mix of demersal and pelagic species
Demersal species (eg grouper)
Catch rate gt8 kgfisherday 3 to 8 kgfisherday
lt3 kgfisherday
Gear habitat dependence
Mostly mobile gears (eg drift gill nets)
Presence of both types
Habitat-associated gears (eg fixed on seagrass beds)
VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM
31
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Wave-tolerant species relative to total abundance
Pectoral-swimming fishes (labrids scarids acanthurids) greater than 50
Mix of site-attached and mobile fish species 15-50 pectoral swimming fish
Abundant site-attached butteflyfish angelfish damselfish lt15 pectoral swimming fish
Density of coral dependent fish species (Butterflyfish)
lt5 of the total density
5 to 10 of the total density
gt10 of the total density
Coral cover gt50 coral cover 25 to 50 coral cover
lt25 coral cover
VA-TURF SOCIO-ECONOMIC
32
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Population density lt200 individualskm2
(not crowded sparsely distributed)
200 to 400 individualskm2 (moderately crowded)
gt400 individualskm2 (very crowded)
Fisheries ecosystem dependency
lt15 of total population are fishers
15 to 30 of total population are fishers
gt30 of total population are fishers
ADAPTIVE CAPACITY
33
VA-TURF FISHERIES
34
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Habitat size( fishing grounds)
Small (relative to the waters)
Intermediate size Large
Average sizeamount of catch
Mostly small immature fishes
Abundance of small but with few large fishes
Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)
Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries
Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)
Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence
Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence
Change in catch composition
Considerable changes in the last two decades
Few changes in the last two decades
No change in catch composition
VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM
35
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)
Small reef areas fragmented
Intermediate size of areas
Large reef areas
Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)
Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats
One habitat is of poor quality or very far
Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions
VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC
36
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Annual per capita income from fisheries
Below the provincial poverty threshold
Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Fishers with other sources of income
lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood
40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income
gt60 of fishers have other sources of income
Total amount of all income
Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold
Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Computation for Potential Impact (PI)
Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo
(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
From exposure (E) model 1 3
2 4 Use S and E to derive
VA-TURF
37
Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)
Add the scores of the components of
ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in
ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1
2
PI score (from previous
slide)
3
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
4 Use AC and PI to derive
VA-TURF
Reference to derive
ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2
Reference to derive
ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3
1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories
(ldquoRankrdquo)
VA-TURF
Computation for Overall Vulnerability
H M L
VA-TURF
41
NEXT STEPS
ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)
VA-TURF
42
NEXT STEPS
REDUCE Sensitivity amp
Exposure (POTENTIAL
IMPACT)
INCREASE Adaptive Capacity
REDUCE Vulnerability
High Medium
Medium Low
Low Not Vulnerable
INCREASE Resilience
VA-TURF
43
bull Reducing fishing mortality
bull Enhancing stock recovery
bull Sustainable fisheries use
bull Threat reduction on ecosystems
bull Organizing fisher communities
bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity
bull EAFM development with equitability
bull Diversifying livelihood options
Alintildeo et al 2012
ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
44
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
45
NEXT STEPS
Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
47
Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism
Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming
bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors
(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)
CASE STUDY
48
WAVE EXPOSURE
CASE STUDY
49
Fisheries
Reef ecosystem
Socio- economic
Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries
Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats
High population density
VA-TURF
50
ACTIONS
How does the action
reduce vulnerabil
ity (darrPIuarrAC)
UR
GEN
CY
What is needed for implementation
CA
PAC
ITY
Are there
potential negative impacts
(YN)
What is the value added to
address CC concerns
List benefits
eg ecological
socio-economic
Soci
o-
eco
no
mic
Eco
logi
cal
Go
vern
ance
Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)
uarrAC 3
Establish Marine Park coordinates
Establish Marine Park coordinates
3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats
Socio-economic ecological
Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)
darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side
Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance
3 N Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human)
Regulate water sports (island)
darrPI 3
Assess areas where water sports exist
Review for legal basis for zonation
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning
Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat
Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Sustainable fisheries
Stricter implementation
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards
Protect lives livelihood
Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)
uarrAC darrPI 2
Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)
2 Y Natural buffers to erosion
Protection against erosion
51
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
52
POST VA ACTIVITIES
Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone
Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin
Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay
Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay
Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod
SUMMARY
53
bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries
bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation
bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area
SUMMARY
54
bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries
bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact
55
CLIMATE CHANGE
We can do something about it will
56
Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters
Thank you
Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph
INTRODUCTION
Type of change Climatic variable
Impacts Potential Impacts to Fisheries
Fish stocks High SST Change in physiology and sex ratios of fished species Altered timing of spawning migrations andor peak abundance Increased invasive species diseases and algal blooms
Changes in timing and levels of productivity across marine and freshwater systems Reduced production of target species
Source AllisonEH et al (2009) Vulnerability of national economies to the impacts of climate change on fisheries Fish and Fisheries DOI 101111j1467-2979200800310x
IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE TO FISHERIES
7
INTRODUCTION
bull CO2 uptake has decreased ocean pH ndash Implications on biology
of organisms (reproduction growth neural functions etc) and ecosystem processes (reef building primary productivity etc)
Ocean Acidification Decrease in ocean pH
Source IPCC 4th Assessment Report Climate Change 2007| Hoegh-Guldberg et al (2014) 8
INTRODUCTION
Ocean Acidification Decrease in ocean pH
Source IPCC 4th Assessment Report Climate Change 2007| Hoegh-Guldberg et al (2014) 9
INTRODUCTION
bull Global annual land mean precipitation showed small but upward trend over the century ~ 11 mm per decade a
bull In Philippines increasing trend in frequency and intensity of extreme rainfall observed b
Change in frequency and intensity of rainfall
Source a IPCC 4th Assessment Report Climate Change 2007| b wwwpagasadostgovph Image credit IPCC 4th Assessment Report 2007
10
INTRODUCTION
IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE TO FISHERIES
11
Nearshore habitats (Corals seagrass mangroves)
Individual-level response to environmental conditions (food availability temperature etc)
Reduced catch Disappearance of fish
Low income for fishers
Timing of reproduction recruitment Shift in distribution Growth and survival
Reproductive success low Change in species composition
Reduced protection of coasts Coasts more exposed to
wave
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
CLIMATE CHANGE
PEOPLE MARINE
ECOSYSTEM
12 Image credits wwwkomusincom |wwwmotor-kidcom |wwwfoundmyselfcom
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
PHILIPPINES A VERY VULNERABLE COUNTRY
Image credit KreftS and EcksteinD (2014) Global Climate Risk Index 2014 Who Suffers Most from Extreme Weather Events Weather- Related Loss Events in 2012 and 1993 to 2012
13
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Photo credit C Villanoy| Slide courtesy of HOA 14
Map of typhoon frequency in the Philippines
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
PHILIPPINES A VERY VULNERABLE COUNTRY
15 Source Burke LK et al (2011) Reefs at Risk Revisited Washington DC USA World Resources Institute
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
STATUS OF PHILIPPINE CORAL REEFS
16
Figure 3 Philippine map and its biogeographic regions (brown lines Alintildeo and Gomez 1994) showing the color coded hard coral cover data that were surveyed from 2008 to 2014 in 73 municipalities Typhoon paths Blue arrow for Typhoon Washi (Sendong) Red arrow for Typhoon Bopha (Pablo) and Green arrow for Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda)
Source Alintildeo PM et al (2014)Status of Philippine Coral Reefs 2014 (in press)| Burke et al(2011) Reefs at Risk Revisited
Threats to Coral Reefs bull Overfishing bull Destructive Fishing bull Pollution bull Sedimentation bull Coastal Development
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
bull Nearly 60 of the population is dependent on fisheries
bull Fishers are the poorest of the poor sector a
bull Fish stocks in major fishing grounds in the Philippines have been reduced to less than 10 of 1950s level b
bull Average catch rate of Filipino fisherfolks is less than frac12 of what they catch in 1970sc
STATUS OF PHILIPPINE FISHERIES
Sources aCastroLV (2006) Poverty Statistics for the Basic Sector bGreen SJ et al (2003) Philippine Fisheries in Crisis A Framework for Management cMuallil et al (2014)
17
TOOL FOR UNDERSTANDING RESILIENCE OF FISHERIES (VA-TURF)
18
OBJECTIVES
bull To identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull To demonstrate how to link vulnerability assessment results to climate change adaptation
bull To draft action plans towards reducing vulnerability
19
VA-TURF
VA-TURF
20
VA-TURF FEATURES
bull Target end-users Local stakeholders
bull Spatial scale Fishing village or barangay
bull Climate Change hazards considered Waves and storm surge SST
Required data is accessible or easily generated
Analysis (Scoring and ranking) is simple devoid of complicated mathematical equations
Assessment is participatory
Assists in decision-making for the local adaptation strategies
21
VA-TURF FRAMEWORK
22
exposure sensitivity
potential
impact
adaptive
capacity
vulnerability
The extent to which a
regionresource community
experiences changes in climate The degree to which a
system is affected
byresponsive to
climate changes
The ability to
moderate
potential harm
take advantage of
opportunities or
cope with
consequences of
exposure
Sources in OECD 2006
All impacts that may occur
given a projected change in
climate without
considering adaptation
The extent to which a natural system or human society is unable to
cope with the negative impacts of climate change variability and
extremes
Slide courtesy of P Marshall GRMPA Sources in OECD 2006
VA-TURF
23
FRAMEWORK
Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393
Fisheries
Reef Ecosystem
Socioeconomic
VA-TURF
24
FRAMEWORK
Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393
VA-TURF
25
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
26
David Borja Villanoy Hilario Alino 2012 for submission Climatic Change
Wave (Relative Exposure Index)
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
bull Input data
ndash Gridded bathymetry
ndash Digital coastline
ndash Wind data
bull Calculated using WEMo (Wave Exposure Model) (httpwwwccfhrnoaagovstressorswemo)
27
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
28 Source Villanoy CL et al (2013) Chapter 3 Exposure Waves and storm surges In Vulnerability Assessment Tools for Coastal Ecosystem A Guidebook MERF Quezon City
SENSITIVITY
29
VA-TURF FISHERIES
30
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Dominant catches Pelagics (tuna mackerel etc)
Mix of demersal and pelagic species
Demersal species (eg grouper)
Catch rate gt8 kgfisherday 3 to 8 kgfisherday
lt3 kgfisherday
Gear habitat dependence
Mostly mobile gears (eg drift gill nets)
Presence of both types
Habitat-associated gears (eg fixed on seagrass beds)
VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM
31
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Wave-tolerant species relative to total abundance
Pectoral-swimming fishes (labrids scarids acanthurids) greater than 50
Mix of site-attached and mobile fish species 15-50 pectoral swimming fish
Abundant site-attached butteflyfish angelfish damselfish lt15 pectoral swimming fish
Density of coral dependent fish species (Butterflyfish)
lt5 of the total density
5 to 10 of the total density
gt10 of the total density
Coral cover gt50 coral cover 25 to 50 coral cover
lt25 coral cover
VA-TURF SOCIO-ECONOMIC
32
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Population density lt200 individualskm2
(not crowded sparsely distributed)
200 to 400 individualskm2 (moderately crowded)
gt400 individualskm2 (very crowded)
Fisheries ecosystem dependency
lt15 of total population are fishers
15 to 30 of total population are fishers
gt30 of total population are fishers
ADAPTIVE CAPACITY
33
VA-TURF FISHERIES
34
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Habitat size( fishing grounds)
Small (relative to the waters)
Intermediate size Large
Average sizeamount of catch
Mostly small immature fishes
Abundance of small but with few large fishes
Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)
Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries
Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)
Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence
Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence
Change in catch composition
Considerable changes in the last two decades
Few changes in the last two decades
No change in catch composition
VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM
35
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)
Small reef areas fragmented
Intermediate size of areas
Large reef areas
Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)
Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats
One habitat is of poor quality or very far
Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions
VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC
36
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Annual per capita income from fisheries
Below the provincial poverty threshold
Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Fishers with other sources of income
lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood
40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income
gt60 of fishers have other sources of income
Total amount of all income
Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold
Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Computation for Potential Impact (PI)
Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo
(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
From exposure (E) model 1 3
2 4 Use S and E to derive
VA-TURF
37
Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)
Add the scores of the components of
ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in
ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1
2
PI score (from previous
slide)
3
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
4 Use AC and PI to derive
VA-TURF
Reference to derive
ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2
Reference to derive
ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3
1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories
(ldquoRankrdquo)
VA-TURF
Computation for Overall Vulnerability
H M L
VA-TURF
41
NEXT STEPS
ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)
VA-TURF
42
NEXT STEPS
REDUCE Sensitivity amp
Exposure (POTENTIAL
IMPACT)
INCREASE Adaptive Capacity
REDUCE Vulnerability
High Medium
Medium Low
Low Not Vulnerable
INCREASE Resilience
VA-TURF
43
bull Reducing fishing mortality
bull Enhancing stock recovery
bull Sustainable fisheries use
bull Threat reduction on ecosystems
bull Organizing fisher communities
bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity
bull EAFM development with equitability
bull Diversifying livelihood options
Alintildeo et al 2012
ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
44
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
45
NEXT STEPS
Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
47
Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism
Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming
bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors
(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)
CASE STUDY
48
WAVE EXPOSURE
CASE STUDY
49
Fisheries
Reef ecosystem
Socio- economic
Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries
Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats
High population density
VA-TURF
50
ACTIONS
How does the action
reduce vulnerabil
ity (darrPIuarrAC)
UR
GEN
CY
What is needed for implementation
CA
PAC
ITY
Are there
potential negative impacts
(YN)
What is the value added to
address CC concerns
List benefits
eg ecological
socio-economic
Soci
o-
eco
no
mic
Eco
logi
cal
Go
vern
ance
Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)
uarrAC 3
Establish Marine Park coordinates
Establish Marine Park coordinates
3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats
Socio-economic ecological
Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)
darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side
Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance
3 N Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human)
Regulate water sports (island)
darrPI 3
Assess areas where water sports exist
Review for legal basis for zonation
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning
Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat
Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Sustainable fisheries
Stricter implementation
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards
Protect lives livelihood
Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)
uarrAC darrPI 2
Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)
2 Y Natural buffers to erosion
Protection against erosion
51
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
52
POST VA ACTIVITIES
Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone
Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin
Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay
Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay
Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod
SUMMARY
53
bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries
bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation
bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area
SUMMARY
54
bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries
bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact
55
CLIMATE CHANGE
We can do something about it will
56
Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters
Thank you
Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph
INTRODUCTION
bull CO2 uptake has decreased ocean pH ndash Implications on biology
of organisms (reproduction growth neural functions etc) and ecosystem processes (reef building primary productivity etc)
Ocean Acidification Decrease in ocean pH
Source IPCC 4th Assessment Report Climate Change 2007| Hoegh-Guldberg et al (2014) 8
INTRODUCTION
Ocean Acidification Decrease in ocean pH
Source IPCC 4th Assessment Report Climate Change 2007| Hoegh-Guldberg et al (2014) 9
INTRODUCTION
bull Global annual land mean precipitation showed small but upward trend over the century ~ 11 mm per decade a
bull In Philippines increasing trend in frequency and intensity of extreme rainfall observed b
Change in frequency and intensity of rainfall
Source a IPCC 4th Assessment Report Climate Change 2007| b wwwpagasadostgovph Image credit IPCC 4th Assessment Report 2007
10
INTRODUCTION
IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE TO FISHERIES
11
Nearshore habitats (Corals seagrass mangroves)
Individual-level response to environmental conditions (food availability temperature etc)
Reduced catch Disappearance of fish
Low income for fishers
Timing of reproduction recruitment Shift in distribution Growth and survival
Reproductive success low Change in species composition
Reduced protection of coasts Coasts more exposed to
wave
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
CLIMATE CHANGE
PEOPLE MARINE
ECOSYSTEM
12 Image credits wwwkomusincom |wwwmotor-kidcom |wwwfoundmyselfcom
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
PHILIPPINES A VERY VULNERABLE COUNTRY
Image credit KreftS and EcksteinD (2014) Global Climate Risk Index 2014 Who Suffers Most from Extreme Weather Events Weather- Related Loss Events in 2012 and 1993 to 2012
13
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Photo credit C Villanoy| Slide courtesy of HOA 14
Map of typhoon frequency in the Philippines
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
PHILIPPINES A VERY VULNERABLE COUNTRY
15 Source Burke LK et al (2011) Reefs at Risk Revisited Washington DC USA World Resources Institute
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
STATUS OF PHILIPPINE CORAL REEFS
16
Figure 3 Philippine map and its biogeographic regions (brown lines Alintildeo and Gomez 1994) showing the color coded hard coral cover data that were surveyed from 2008 to 2014 in 73 municipalities Typhoon paths Blue arrow for Typhoon Washi (Sendong) Red arrow for Typhoon Bopha (Pablo) and Green arrow for Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda)
Source Alintildeo PM et al (2014)Status of Philippine Coral Reefs 2014 (in press)| Burke et al(2011) Reefs at Risk Revisited
Threats to Coral Reefs bull Overfishing bull Destructive Fishing bull Pollution bull Sedimentation bull Coastal Development
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
bull Nearly 60 of the population is dependent on fisheries
bull Fishers are the poorest of the poor sector a
bull Fish stocks in major fishing grounds in the Philippines have been reduced to less than 10 of 1950s level b
bull Average catch rate of Filipino fisherfolks is less than frac12 of what they catch in 1970sc
STATUS OF PHILIPPINE FISHERIES
Sources aCastroLV (2006) Poverty Statistics for the Basic Sector bGreen SJ et al (2003) Philippine Fisheries in Crisis A Framework for Management cMuallil et al (2014)
17
TOOL FOR UNDERSTANDING RESILIENCE OF FISHERIES (VA-TURF)
18
OBJECTIVES
bull To identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull To demonstrate how to link vulnerability assessment results to climate change adaptation
bull To draft action plans towards reducing vulnerability
19
VA-TURF
VA-TURF
20
VA-TURF FEATURES
bull Target end-users Local stakeholders
bull Spatial scale Fishing village or barangay
bull Climate Change hazards considered Waves and storm surge SST
Required data is accessible or easily generated
Analysis (Scoring and ranking) is simple devoid of complicated mathematical equations
Assessment is participatory
Assists in decision-making for the local adaptation strategies
21
VA-TURF FRAMEWORK
22
exposure sensitivity
potential
impact
adaptive
capacity
vulnerability
The extent to which a
regionresource community
experiences changes in climate The degree to which a
system is affected
byresponsive to
climate changes
The ability to
moderate
potential harm
take advantage of
opportunities or
cope with
consequences of
exposure
Sources in OECD 2006
All impacts that may occur
given a projected change in
climate without
considering adaptation
The extent to which a natural system or human society is unable to
cope with the negative impacts of climate change variability and
extremes
Slide courtesy of P Marshall GRMPA Sources in OECD 2006
VA-TURF
23
FRAMEWORK
Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393
Fisheries
Reef Ecosystem
Socioeconomic
VA-TURF
24
FRAMEWORK
Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393
VA-TURF
25
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
26
David Borja Villanoy Hilario Alino 2012 for submission Climatic Change
Wave (Relative Exposure Index)
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
bull Input data
ndash Gridded bathymetry
ndash Digital coastline
ndash Wind data
bull Calculated using WEMo (Wave Exposure Model) (httpwwwccfhrnoaagovstressorswemo)
27
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
28 Source Villanoy CL et al (2013) Chapter 3 Exposure Waves and storm surges In Vulnerability Assessment Tools for Coastal Ecosystem A Guidebook MERF Quezon City
SENSITIVITY
29
VA-TURF FISHERIES
30
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Dominant catches Pelagics (tuna mackerel etc)
Mix of demersal and pelagic species
Demersal species (eg grouper)
Catch rate gt8 kgfisherday 3 to 8 kgfisherday
lt3 kgfisherday
Gear habitat dependence
Mostly mobile gears (eg drift gill nets)
Presence of both types
Habitat-associated gears (eg fixed on seagrass beds)
VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM
31
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Wave-tolerant species relative to total abundance
Pectoral-swimming fishes (labrids scarids acanthurids) greater than 50
Mix of site-attached and mobile fish species 15-50 pectoral swimming fish
Abundant site-attached butteflyfish angelfish damselfish lt15 pectoral swimming fish
Density of coral dependent fish species (Butterflyfish)
lt5 of the total density
5 to 10 of the total density
gt10 of the total density
Coral cover gt50 coral cover 25 to 50 coral cover
lt25 coral cover
VA-TURF SOCIO-ECONOMIC
32
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Population density lt200 individualskm2
(not crowded sparsely distributed)
200 to 400 individualskm2 (moderately crowded)
gt400 individualskm2 (very crowded)
Fisheries ecosystem dependency
lt15 of total population are fishers
15 to 30 of total population are fishers
gt30 of total population are fishers
ADAPTIVE CAPACITY
33
VA-TURF FISHERIES
34
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Habitat size( fishing grounds)
Small (relative to the waters)
Intermediate size Large
Average sizeamount of catch
Mostly small immature fishes
Abundance of small but with few large fishes
Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)
Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries
Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)
Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence
Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence
Change in catch composition
Considerable changes in the last two decades
Few changes in the last two decades
No change in catch composition
VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM
35
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)
Small reef areas fragmented
Intermediate size of areas
Large reef areas
Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)
Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats
One habitat is of poor quality or very far
Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions
VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC
36
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Annual per capita income from fisheries
Below the provincial poverty threshold
Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Fishers with other sources of income
lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood
40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income
gt60 of fishers have other sources of income
Total amount of all income
Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold
Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Computation for Potential Impact (PI)
Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo
(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
From exposure (E) model 1 3
2 4 Use S and E to derive
VA-TURF
37
Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)
Add the scores of the components of
ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in
ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1
2
PI score (from previous
slide)
3
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
4 Use AC and PI to derive
VA-TURF
Reference to derive
ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2
Reference to derive
ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3
1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories
(ldquoRankrdquo)
VA-TURF
Computation for Overall Vulnerability
H M L
VA-TURF
41
NEXT STEPS
ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)
VA-TURF
42
NEXT STEPS
REDUCE Sensitivity amp
Exposure (POTENTIAL
IMPACT)
INCREASE Adaptive Capacity
REDUCE Vulnerability
High Medium
Medium Low
Low Not Vulnerable
INCREASE Resilience
VA-TURF
43
bull Reducing fishing mortality
bull Enhancing stock recovery
bull Sustainable fisheries use
bull Threat reduction on ecosystems
bull Organizing fisher communities
bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity
bull EAFM development with equitability
bull Diversifying livelihood options
Alintildeo et al 2012
ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
44
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
45
NEXT STEPS
Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
47
Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism
Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming
bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors
(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)
CASE STUDY
48
WAVE EXPOSURE
CASE STUDY
49
Fisheries
Reef ecosystem
Socio- economic
Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries
Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats
High population density
VA-TURF
50
ACTIONS
How does the action
reduce vulnerabil
ity (darrPIuarrAC)
UR
GEN
CY
What is needed for implementation
CA
PAC
ITY
Are there
potential negative impacts
(YN)
What is the value added to
address CC concerns
List benefits
eg ecological
socio-economic
Soci
o-
eco
no
mic
Eco
logi
cal
Go
vern
ance
Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)
uarrAC 3
Establish Marine Park coordinates
Establish Marine Park coordinates
3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats
Socio-economic ecological
Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)
darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side
Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance
3 N Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human)
Regulate water sports (island)
darrPI 3
Assess areas where water sports exist
Review for legal basis for zonation
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning
Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat
Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Sustainable fisheries
Stricter implementation
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards
Protect lives livelihood
Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)
uarrAC darrPI 2
Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)
2 Y Natural buffers to erosion
Protection against erosion
51
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
52
POST VA ACTIVITIES
Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone
Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin
Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay
Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay
Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod
SUMMARY
53
bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries
bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation
bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area
SUMMARY
54
bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries
bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact
55
CLIMATE CHANGE
We can do something about it will
56
Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters
Thank you
Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph
INTRODUCTION
Ocean Acidification Decrease in ocean pH
Source IPCC 4th Assessment Report Climate Change 2007| Hoegh-Guldberg et al (2014) 9
INTRODUCTION
bull Global annual land mean precipitation showed small but upward trend over the century ~ 11 mm per decade a
bull In Philippines increasing trend in frequency and intensity of extreme rainfall observed b
Change in frequency and intensity of rainfall
Source a IPCC 4th Assessment Report Climate Change 2007| b wwwpagasadostgovph Image credit IPCC 4th Assessment Report 2007
10
INTRODUCTION
IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE TO FISHERIES
11
Nearshore habitats (Corals seagrass mangroves)
Individual-level response to environmental conditions (food availability temperature etc)
Reduced catch Disappearance of fish
Low income for fishers
Timing of reproduction recruitment Shift in distribution Growth and survival
Reproductive success low Change in species composition
Reduced protection of coasts Coasts more exposed to
wave
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
CLIMATE CHANGE
PEOPLE MARINE
ECOSYSTEM
12 Image credits wwwkomusincom |wwwmotor-kidcom |wwwfoundmyselfcom
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
PHILIPPINES A VERY VULNERABLE COUNTRY
Image credit KreftS and EcksteinD (2014) Global Climate Risk Index 2014 Who Suffers Most from Extreme Weather Events Weather- Related Loss Events in 2012 and 1993 to 2012
13
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Photo credit C Villanoy| Slide courtesy of HOA 14
Map of typhoon frequency in the Philippines
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
PHILIPPINES A VERY VULNERABLE COUNTRY
15 Source Burke LK et al (2011) Reefs at Risk Revisited Washington DC USA World Resources Institute
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
STATUS OF PHILIPPINE CORAL REEFS
16
Figure 3 Philippine map and its biogeographic regions (brown lines Alintildeo and Gomez 1994) showing the color coded hard coral cover data that were surveyed from 2008 to 2014 in 73 municipalities Typhoon paths Blue arrow for Typhoon Washi (Sendong) Red arrow for Typhoon Bopha (Pablo) and Green arrow for Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda)
Source Alintildeo PM et al (2014)Status of Philippine Coral Reefs 2014 (in press)| Burke et al(2011) Reefs at Risk Revisited
Threats to Coral Reefs bull Overfishing bull Destructive Fishing bull Pollution bull Sedimentation bull Coastal Development
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
bull Nearly 60 of the population is dependent on fisheries
bull Fishers are the poorest of the poor sector a
bull Fish stocks in major fishing grounds in the Philippines have been reduced to less than 10 of 1950s level b
bull Average catch rate of Filipino fisherfolks is less than frac12 of what they catch in 1970sc
STATUS OF PHILIPPINE FISHERIES
Sources aCastroLV (2006) Poverty Statistics for the Basic Sector bGreen SJ et al (2003) Philippine Fisheries in Crisis A Framework for Management cMuallil et al (2014)
17
TOOL FOR UNDERSTANDING RESILIENCE OF FISHERIES (VA-TURF)
18
OBJECTIVES
bull To identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull To demonstrate how to link vulnerability assessment results to climate change adaptation
bull To draft action plans towards reducing vulnerability
19
VA-TURF
VA-TURF
20
VA-TURF FEATURES
bull Target end-users Local stakeholders
bull Spatial scale Fishing village or barangay
bull Climate Change hazards considered Waves and storm surge SST
Required data is accessible or easily generated
Analysis (Scoring and ranking) is simple devoid of complicated mathematical equations
Assessment is participatory
Assists in decision-making for the local adaptation strategies
21
VA-TURF FRAMEWORK
22
exposure sensitivity
potential
impact
adaptive
capacity
vulnerability
The extent to which a
regionresource community
experiences changes in climate The degree to which a
system is affected
byresponsive to
climate changes
The ability to
moderate
potential harm
take advantage of
opportunities or
cope with
consequences of
exposure
Sources in OECD 2006
All impacts that may occur
given a projected change in
climate without
considering adaptation
The extent to which a natural system or human society is unable to
cope with the negative impacts of climate change variability and
extremes
Slide courtesy of P Marshall GRMPA Sources in OECD 2006
VA-TURF
23
FRAMEWORK
Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393
Fisheries
Reef Ecosystem
Socioeconomic
VA-TURF
24
FRAMEWORK
Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393
VA-TURF
25
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
26
David Borja Villanoy Hilario Alino 2012 for submission Climatic Change
Wave (Relative Exposure Index)
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
bull Input data
ndash Gridded bathymetry
ndash Digital coastline
ndash Wind data
bull Calculated using WEMo (Wave Exposure Model) (httpwwwccfhrnoaagovstressorswemo)
27
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
28 Source Villanoy CL et al (2013) Chapter 3 Exposure Waves and storm surges In Vulnerability Assessment Tools for Coastal Ecosystem A Guidebook MERF Quezon City
SENSITIVITY
29
VA-TURF FISHERIES
30
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Dominant catches Pelagics (tuna mackerel etc)
Mix of demersal and pelagic species
Demersal species (eg grouper)
Catch rate gt8 kgfisherday 3 to 8 kgfisherday
lt3 kgfisherday
Gear habitat dependence
Mostly mobile gears (eg drift gill nets)
Presence of both types
Habitat-associated gears (eg fixed on seagrass beds)
VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM
31
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Wave-tolerant species relative to total abundance
Pectoral-swimming fishes (labrids scarids acanthurids) greater than 50
Mix of site-attached and mobile fish species 15-50 pectoral swimming fish
Abundant site-attached butteflyfish angelfish damselfish lt15 pectoral swimming fish
Density of coral dependent fish species (Butterflyfish)
lt5 of the total density
5 to 10 of the total density
gt10 of the total density
Coral cover gt50 coral cover 25 to 50 coral cover
lt25 coral cover
VA-TURF SOCIO-ECONOMIC
32
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Population density lt200 individualskm2
(not crowded sparsely distributed)
200 to 400 individualskm2 (moderately crowded)
gt400 individualskm2 (very crowded)
Fisheries ecosystem dependency
lt15 of total population are fishers
15 to 30 of total population are fishers
gt30 of total population are fishers
ADAPTIVE CAPACITY
33
VA-TURF FISHERIES
34
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Habitat size( fishing grounds)
Small (relative to the waters)
Intermediate size Large
Average sizeamount of catch
Mostly small immature fishes
Abundance of small but with few large fishes
Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)
Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries
Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)
Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence
Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence
Change in catch composition
Considerable changes in the last two decades
Few changes in the last two decades
No change in catch composition
VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM
35
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)
Small reef areas fragmented
Intermediate size of areas
Large reef areas
Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)
Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats
One habitat is of poor quality or very far
Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions
VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC
36
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Annual per capita income from fisheries
Below the provincial poverty threshold
Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Fishers with other sources of income
lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood
40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income
gt60 of fishers have other sources of income
Total amount of all income
Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold
Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Computation for Potential Impact (PI)
Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo
(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
From exposure (E) model 1 3
2 4 Use S and E to derive
VA-TURF
37
Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)
Add the scores of the components of
ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in
ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1
2
PI score (from previous
slide)
3
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
4 Use AC and PI to derive
VA-TURF
Reference to derive
ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2
Reference to derive
ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3
1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories
(ldquoRankrdquo)
VA-TURF
Computation for Overall Vulnerability
H M L
VA-TURF
41
NEXT STEPS
ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)
VA-TURF
42
NEXT STEPS
REDUCE Sensitivity amp
Exposure (POTENTIAL
IMPACT)
INCREASE Adaptive Capacity
REDUCE Vulnerability
High Medium
Medium Low
Low Not Vulnerable
INCREASE Resilience
VA-TURF
43
bull Reducing fishing mortality
bull Enhancing stock recovery
bull Sustainable fisheries use
bull Threat reduction on ecosystems
bull Organizing fisher communities
bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity
bull EAFM development with equitability
bull Diversifying livelihood options
Alintildeo et al 2012
ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
44
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
45
NEXT STEPS
Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
47
Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism
Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming
bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors
(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)
CASE STUDY
48
WAVE EXPOSURE
CASE STUDY
49
Fisheries
Reef ecosystem
Socio- economic
Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries
Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats
High population density
VA-TURF
50
ACTIONS
How does the action
reduce vulnerabil
ity (darrPIuarrAC)
UR
GEN
CY
What is needed for implementation
CA
PAC
ITY
Are there
potential negative impacts
(YN)
What is the value added to
address CC concerns
List benefits
eg ecological
socio-economic
Soci
o-
eco
no
mic
Eco
logi
cal
Go
vern
ance
Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)
uarrAC 3
Establish Marine Park coordinates
Establish Marine Park coordinates
3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats
Socio-economic ecological
Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)
darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side
Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance
3 N Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human)
Regulate water sports (island)
darrPI 3
Assess areas where water sports exist
Review for legal basis for zonation
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning
Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat
Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Sustainable fisheries
Stricter implementation
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards
Protect lives livelihood
Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)
uarrAC darrPI 2
Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)
2 Y Natural buffers to erosion
Protection against erosion
51
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
52
POST VA ACTIVITIES
Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone
Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin
Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay
Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay
Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod
SUMMARY
53
bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries
bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation
bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area
SUMMARY
54
bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries
bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact
55
CLIMATE CHANGE
We can do something about it will
56
Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters
Thank you
Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph
INTRODUCTION
bull Global annual land mean precipitation showed small but upward trend over the century ~ 11 mm per decade a
bull In Philippines increasing trend in frequency and intensity of extreme rainfall observed b
Change in frequency and intensity of rainfall
Source a IPCC 4th Assessment Report Climate Change 2007| b wwwpagasadostgovph Image credit IPCC 4th Assessment Report 2007
10
INTRODUCTION
IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE TO FISHERIES
11
Nearshore habitats (Corals seagrass mangroves)
Individual-level response to environmental conditions (food availability temperature etc)
Reduced catch Disappearance of fish
Low income for fishers
Timing of reproduction recruitment Shift in distribution Growth and survival
Reproductive success low Change in species composition
Reduced protection of coasts Coasts more exposed to
wave
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
CLIMATE CHANGE
PEOPLE MARINE
ECOSYSTEM
12 Image credits wwwkomusincom |wwwmotor-kidcom |wwwfoundmyselfcom
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
PHILIPPINES A VERY VULNERABLE COUNTRY
Image credit KreftS and EcksteinD (2014) Global Climate Risk Index 2014 Who Suffers Most from Extreme Weather Events Weather- Related Loss Events in 2012 and 1993 to 2012
13
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Photo credit C Villanoy| Slide courtesy of HOA 14
Map of typhoon frequency in the Philippines
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
PHILIPPINES A VERY VULNERABLE COUNTRY
15 Source Burke LK et al (2011) Reefs at Risk Revisited Washington DC USA World Resources Institute
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
STATUS OF PHILIPPINE CORAL REEFS
16
Figure 3 Philippine map and its biogeographic regions (brown lines Alintildeo and Gomez 1994) showing the color coded hard coral cover data that were surveyed from 2008 to 2014 in 73 municipalities Typhoon paths Blue arrow for Typhoon Washi (Sendong) Red arrow for Typhoon Bopha (Pablo) and Green arrow for Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda)
Source Alintildeo PM et al (2014)Status of Philippine Coral Reefs 2014 (in press)| Burke et al(2011) Reefs at Risk Revisited
Threats to Coral Reefs bull Overfishing bull Destructive Fishing bull Pollution bull Sedimentation bull Coastal Development
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
bull Nearly 60 of the population is dependent on fisheries
bull Fishers are the poorest of the poor sector a
bull Fish stocks in major fishing grounds in the Philippines have been reduced to less than 10 of 1950s level b
bull Average catch rate of Filipino fisherfolks is less than frac12 of what they catch in 1970sc
STATUS OF PHILIPPINE FISHERIES
Sources aCastroLV (2006) Poverty Statistics for the Basic Sector bGreen SJ et al (2003) Philippine Fisheries in Crisis A Framework for Management cMuallil et al (2014)
17
TOOL FOR UNDERSTANDING RESILIENCE OF FISHERIES (VA-TURF)
18
OBJECTIVES
bull To identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull To demonstrate how to link vulnerability assessment results to climate change adaptation
bull To draft action plans towards reducing vulnerability
19
VA-TURF
VA-TURF
20
VA-TURF FEATURES
bull Target end-users Local stakeholders
bull Spatial scale Fishing village or barangay
bull Climate Change hazards considered Waves and storm surge SST
Required data is accessible or easily generated
Analysis (Scoring and ranking) is simple devoid of complicated mathematical equations
Assessment is participatory
Assists in decision-making for the local adaptation strategies
21
VA-TURF FRAMEWORK
22
exposure sensitivity
potential
impact
adaptive
capacity
vulnerability
The extent to which a
regionresource community
experiences changes in climate The degree to which a
system is affected
byresponsive to
climate changes
The ability to
moderate
potential harm
take advantage of
opportunities or
cope with
consequences of
exposure
Sources in OECD 2006
All impacts that may occur
given a projected change in
climate without
considering adaptation
The extent to which a natural system or human society is unable to
cope with the negative impacts of climate change variability and
extremes
Slide courtesy of P Marshall GRMPA Sources in OECD 2006
VA-TURF
23
FRAMEWORK
Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393
Fisheries
Reef Ecosystem
Socioeconomic
VA-TURF
24
FRAMEWORK
Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393
VA-TURF
25
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
26
David Borja Villanoy Hilario Alino 2012 for submission Climatic Change
Wave (Relative Exposure Index)
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
bull Input data
ndash Gridded bathymetry
ndash Digital coastline
ndash Wind data
bull Calculated using WEMo (Wave Exposure Model) (httpwwwccfhrnoaagovstressorswemo)
27
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
28 Source Villanoy CL et al (2013) Chapter 3 Exposure Waves and storm surges In Vulnerability Assessment Tools for Coastal Ecosystem A Guidebook MERF Quezon City
SENSITIVITY
29
VA-TURF FISHERIES
30
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Dominant catches Pelagics (tuna mackerel etc)
Mix of demersal and pelagic species
Demersal species (eg grouper)
Catch rate gt8 kgfisherday 3 to 8 kgfisherday
lt3 kgfisherday
Gear habitat dependence
Mostly mobile gears (eg drift gill nets)
Presence of both types
Habitat-associated gears (eg fixed on seagrass beds)
VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM
31
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Wave-tolerant species relative to total abundance
Pectoral-swimming fishes (labrids scarids acanthurids) greater than 50
Mix of site-attached and mobile fish species 15-50 pectoral swimming fish
Abundant site-attached butteflyfish angelfish damselfish lt15 pectoral swimming fish
Density of coral dependent fish species (Butterflyfish)
lt5 of the total density
5 to 10 of the total density
gt10 of the total density
Coral cover gt50 coral cover 25 to 50 coral cover
lt25 coral cover
VA-TURF SOCIO-ECONOMIC
32
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Population density lt200 individualskm2
(not crowded sparsely distributed)
200 to 400 individualskm2 (moderately crowded)
gt400 individualskm2 (very crowded)
Fisheries ecosystem dependency
lt15 of total population are fishers
15 to 30 of total population are fishers
gt30 of total population are fishers
ADAPTIVE CAPACITY
33
VA-TURF FISHERIES
34
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Habitat size( fishing grounds)
Small (relative to the waters)
Intermediate size Large
Average sizeamount of catch
Mostly small immature fishes
Abundance of small but with few large fishes
Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)
Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries
Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)
Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence
Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence
Change in catch composition
Considerable changes in the last two decades
Few changes in the last two decades
No change in catch composition
VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM
35
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)
Small reef areas fragmented
Intermediate size of areas
Large reef areas
Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)
Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats
One habitat is of poor quality or very far
Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions
VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC
36
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Annual per capita income from fisheries
Below the provincial poverty threshold
Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Fishers with other sources of income
lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood
40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income
gt60 of fishers have other sources of income
Total amount of all income
Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold
Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Computation for Potential Impact (PI)
Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo
(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
From exposure (E) model 1 3
2 4 Use S and E to derive
VA-TURF
37
Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)
Add the scores of the components of
ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in
ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1
2
PI score (from previous
slide)
3
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
4 Use AC and PI to derive
VA-TURF
Reference to derive
ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2
Reference to derive
ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3
1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories
(ldquoRankrdquo)
VA-TURF
Computation for Overall Vulnerability
H M L
VA-TURF
41
NEXT STEPS
ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)
VA-TURF
42
NEXT STEPS
REDUCE Sensitivity amp
Exposure (POTENTIAL
IMPACT)
INCREASE Adaptive Capacity
REDUCE Vulnerability
High Medium
Medium Low
Low Not Vulnerable
INCREASE Resilience
VA-TURF
43
bull Reducing fishing mortality
bull Enhancing stock recovery
bull Sustainable fisheries use
bull Threat reduction on ecosystems
bull Organizing fisher communities
bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity
bull EAFM development with equitability
bull Diversifying livelihood options
Alintildeo et al 2012
ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
44
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
45
NEXT STEPS
Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
47
Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism
Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming
bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors
(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)
CASE STUDY
48
WAVE EXPOSURE
CASE STUDY
49
Fisheries
Reef ecosystem
Socio- economic
Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries
Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats
High population density
VA-TURF
50
ACTIONS
How does the action
reduce vulnerabil
ity (darrPIuarrAC)
UR
GEN
CY
What is needed for implementation
CA
PAC
ITY
Are there
potential negative impacts
(YN)
What is the value added to
address CC concerns
List benefits
eg ecological
socio-economic
Soci
o-
eco
no
mic
Eco
logi
cal
Go
vern
ance
Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)
uarrAC 3
Establish Marine Park coordinates
Establish Marine Park coordinates
3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats
Socio-economic ecological
Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)
darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side
Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance
3 N Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human)
Regulate water sports (island)
darrPI 3
Assess areas where water sports exist
Review for legal basis for zonation
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning
Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat
Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Sustainable fisheries
Stricter implementation
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards
Protect lives livelihood
Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)
uarrAC darrPI 2
Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)
2 Y Natural buffers to erosion
Protection against erosion
51
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
52
POST VA ACTIVITIES
Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone
Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin
Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay
Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay
Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod
SUMMARY
53
bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries
bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation
bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area
SUMMARY
54
bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries
bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact
55
CLIMATE CHANGE
We can do something about it will
56
Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters
Thank you
Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph
INTRODUCTION
IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE TO FISHERIES
11
Nearshore habitats (Corals seagrass mangroves)
Individual-level response to environmental conditions (food availability temperature etc)
Reduced catch Disappearance of fish
Low income for fishers
Timing of reproduction recruitment Shift in distribution Growth and survival
Reproductive success low Change in species composition
Reduced protection of coasts Coasts more exposed to
wave
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
CLIMATE CHANGE
PEOPLE MARINE
ECOSYSTEM
12 Image credits wwwkomusincom |wwwmotor-kidcom |wwwfoundmyselfcom
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
PHILIPPINES A VERY VULNERABLE COUNTRY
Image credit KreftS and EcksteinD (2014) Global Climate Risk Index 2014 Who Suffers Most from Extreme Weather Events Weather- Related Loss Events in 2012 and 1993 to 2012
13
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Photo credit C Villanoy| Slide courtesy of HOA 14
Map of typhoon frequency in the Philippines
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
PHILIPPINES A VERY VULNERABLE COUNTRY
15 Source Burke LK et al (2011) Reefs at Risk Revisited Washington DC USA World Resources Institute
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
STATUS OF PHILIPPINE CORAL REEFS
16
Figure 3 Philippine map and its biogeographic regions (brown lines Alintildeo and Gomez 1994) showing the color coded hard coral cover data that were surveyed from 2008 to 2014 in 73 municipalities Typhoon paths Blue arrow for Typhoon Washi (Sendong) Red arrow for Typhoon Bopha (Pablo) and Green arrow for Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda)
Source Alintildeo PM et al (2014)Status of Philippine Coral Reefs 2014 (in press)| Burke et al(2011) Reefs at Risk Revisited
Threats to Coral Reefs bull Overfishing bull Destructive Fishing bull Pollution bull Sedimentation bull Coastal Development
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
bull Nearly 60 of the population is dependent on fisheries
bull Fishers are the poorest of the poor sector a
bull Fish stocks in major fishing grounds in the Philippines have been reduced to less than 10 of 1950s level b
bull Average catch rate of Filipino fisherfolks is less than frac12 of what they catch in 1970sc
STATUS OF PHILIPPINE FISHERIES
Sources aCastroLV (2006) Poverty Statistics for the Basic Sector bGreen SJ et al (2003) Philippine Fisheries in Crisis A Framework for Management cMuallil et al (2014)
17
TOOL FOR UNDERSTANDING RESILIENCE OF FISHERIES (VA-TURF)
18
OBJECTIVES
bull To identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull To demonstrate how to link vulnerability assessment results to climate change adaptation
bull To draft action plans towards reducing vulnerability
19
VA-TURF
VA-TURF
20
VA-TURF FEATURES
bull Target end-users Local stakeholders
bull Spatial scale Fishing village or barangay
bull Climate Change hazards considered Waves and storm surge SST
Required data is accessible or easily generated
Analysis (Scoring and ranking) is simple devoid of complicated mathematical equations
Assessment is participatory
Assists in decision-making for the local adaptation strategies
21
VA-TURF FRAMEWORK
22
exposure sensitivity
potential
impact
adaptive
capacity
vulnerability
The extent to which a
regionresource community
experiences changes in climate The degree to which a
system is affected
byresponsive to
climate changes
The ability to
moderate
potential harm
take advantage of
opportunities or
cope with
consequences of
exposure
Sources in OECD 2006
All impacts that may occur
given a projected change in
climate without
considering adaptation
The extent to which a natural system or human society is unable to
cope with the negative impacts of climate change variability and
extremes
Slide courtesy of P Marshall GRMPA Sources in OECD 2006
VA-TURF
23
FRAMEWORK
Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393
Fisheries
Reef Ecosystem
Socioeconomic
VA-TURF
24
FRAMEWORK
Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393
VA-TURF
25
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
26
David Borja Villanoy Hilario Alino 2012 for submission Climatic Change
Wave (Relative Exposure Index)
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
bull Input data
ndash Gridded bathymetry
ndash Digital coastline
ndash Wind data
bull Calculated using WEMo (Wave Exposure Model) (httpwwwccfhrnoaagovstressorswemo)
27
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
28 Source Villanoy CL et al (2013) Chapter 3 Exposure Waves and storm surges In Vulnerability Assessment Tools for Coastal Ecosystem A Guidebook MERF Quezon City
SENSITIVITY
29
VA-TURF FISHERIES
30
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Dominant catches Pelagics (tuna mackerel etc)
Mix of demersal and pelagic species
Demersal species (eg grouper)
Catch rate gt8 kgfisherday 3 to 8 kgfisherday
lt3 kgfisherday
Gear habitat dependence
Mostly mobile gears (eg drift gill nets)
Presence of both types
Habitat-associated gears (eg fixed on seagrass beds)
VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM
31
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Wave-tolerant species relative to total abundance
Pectoral-swimming fishes (labrids scarids acanthurids) greater than 50
Mix of site-attached and mobile fish species 15-50 pectoral swimming fish
Abundant site-attached butteflyfish angelfish damselfish lt15 pectoral swimming fish
Density of coral dependent fish species (Butterflyfish)
lt5 of the total density
5 to 10 of the total density
gt10 of the total density
Coral cover gt50 coral cover 25 to 50 coral cover
lt25 coral cover
VA-TURF SOCIO-ECONOMIC
32
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Population density lt200 individualskm2
(not crowded sparsely distributed)
200 to 400 individualskm2 (moderately crowded)
gt400 individualskm2 (very crowded)
Fisheries ecosystem dependency
lt15 of total population are fishers
15 to 30 of total population are fishers
gt30 of total population are fishers
ADAPTIVE CAPACITY
33
VA-TURF FISHERIES
34
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Habitat size( fishing grounds)
Small (relative to the waters)
Intermediate size Large
Average sizeamount of catch
Mostly small immature fishes
Abundance of small but with few large fishes
Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)
Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries
Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)
Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence
Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence
Change in catch composition
Considerable changes in the last two decades
Few changes in the last two decades
No change in catch composition
VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM
35
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)
Small reef areas fragmented
Intermediate size of areas
Large reef areas
Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)
Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats
One habitat is of poor quality or very far
Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions
VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC
36
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Annual per capita income from fisheries
Below the provincial poverty threshold
Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Fishers with other sources of income
lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood
40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income
gt60 of fishers have other sources of income
Total amount of all income
Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold
Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Computation for Potential Impact (PI)
Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo
(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
From exposure (E) model 1 3
2 4 Use S and E to derive
VA-TURF
37
Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)
Add the scores of the components of
ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in
ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1
2
PI score (from previous
slide)
3
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
4 Use AC and PI to derive
VA-TURF
Reference to derive
ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2
Reference to derive
ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3
1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories
(ldquoRankrdquo)
VA-TURF
Computation for Overall Vulnerability
H M L
VA-TURF
41
NEXT STEPS
ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)
VA-TURF
42
NEXT STEPS
REDUCE Sensitivity amp
Exposure (POTENTIAL
IMPACT)
INCREASE Adaptive Capacity
REDUCE Vulnerability
High Medium
Medium Low
Low Not Vulnerable
INCREASE Resilience
VA-TURF
43
bull Reducing fishing mortality
bull Enhancing stock recovery
bull Sustainable fisheries use
bull Threat reduction on ecosystems
bull Organizing fisher communities
bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity
bull EAFM development with equitability
bull Diversifying livelihood options
Alintildeo et al 2012
ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
44
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
45
NEXT STEPS
Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
47
Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism
Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming
bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors
(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)
CASE STUDY
48
WAVE EXPOSURE
CASE STUDY
49
Fisheries
Reef ecosystem
Socio- economic
Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries
Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats
High population density
VA-TURF
50
ACTIONS
How does the action
reduce vulnerabil
ity (darrPIuarrAC)
UR
GEN
CY
What is needed for implementation
CA
PAC
ITY
Are there
potential negative impacts
(YN)
What is the value added to
address CC concerns
List benefits
eg ecological
socio-economic
Soci
o-
eco
no
mic
Eco
logi
cal
Go
vern
ance
Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)
uarrAC 3
Establish Marine Park coordinates
Establish Marine Park coordinates
3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats
Socio-economic ecological
Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)
darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side
Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance
3 N Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human)
Regulate water sports (island)
darrPI 3
Assess areas where water sports exist
Review for legal basis for zonation
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning
Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat
Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Sustainable fisheries
Stricter implementation
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards
Protect lives livelihood
Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)
uarrAC darrPI 2
Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)
2 Y Natural buffers to erosion
Protection against erosion
51
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
52
POST VA ACTIVITIES
Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone
Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin
Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay
Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay
Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod
SUMMARY
53
bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries
bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation
bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area
SUMMARY
54
bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries
bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact
55
CLIMATE CHANGE
We can do something about it will
56
Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters
Thank you
Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
CLIMATE CHANGE
PEOPLE MARINE
ECOSYSTEM
12 Image credits wwwkomusincom |wwwmotor-kidcom |wwwfoundmyselfcom
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
PHILIPPINES A VERY VULNERABLE COUNTRY
Image credit KreftS and EcksteinD (2014) Global Climate Risk Index 2014 Who Suffers Most from Extreme Weather Events Weather- Related Loss Events in 2012 and 1993 to 2012
13
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Photo credit C Villanoy| Slide courtesy of HOA 14
Map of typhoon frequency in the Philippines
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
PHILIPPINES A VERY VULNERABLE COUNTRY
15 Source Burke LK et al (2011) Reefs at Risk Revisited Washington DC USA World Resources Institute
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
STATUS OF PHILIPPINE CORAL REEFS
16
Figure 3 Philippine map and its biogeographic regions (brown lines Alintildeo and Gomez 1994) showing the color coded hard coral cover data that were surveyed from 2008 to 2014 in 73 municipalities Typhoon paths Blue arrow for Typhoon Washi (Sendong) Red arrow for Typhoon Bopha (Pablo) and Green arrow for Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda)
Source Alintildeo PM et al (2014)Status of Philippine Coral Reefs 2014 (in press)| Burke et al(2011) Reefs at Risk Revisited
Threats to Coral Reefs bull Overfishing bull Destructive Fishing bull Pollution bull Sedimentation bull Coastal Development
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
bull Nearly 60 of the population is dependent on fisheries
bull Fishers are the poorest of the poor sector a
bull Fish stocks in major fishing grounds in the Philippines have been reduced to less than 10 of 1950s level b
bull Average catch rate of Filipino fisherfolks is less than frac12 of what they catch in 1970sc
STATUS OF PHILIPPINE FISHERIES
Sources aCastroLV (2006) Poverty Statistics for the Basic Sector bGreen SJ et al (2003) Philippine Fisheries in Crisis A Framework for Management cMuallil et al (2014)
17
TOOL FOR UNDERSTANDING RESILIENCE OF FISHERIES (VA-TURF)
18
OBJECTIVES
bull To identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull To demonstrate how to link vulnerability assessment results to climate change adaptation
bull To draft action plans towards reducing vulnerability
19
VA-TURF
VA-TURF
20
VA-TURF FEATURES
bull Target end-users Local stakeholders
bull Spatial scale Fishing village or barangay
bull Climate Change hazards considered Waves and storm surge SST
Required data is accessible or easily generated
Analysis (Scoring and ranking) is simple devoid of complicated mathematical equations
Assessment is participatory
Assists in decision-making for the local adaptation strategies
21
VA-TURF FRAMEWORK
22
exposure sensitivity
potential
impact
adaptive
capacity
vulnerability
The extent to which a
regionresource community
experiences changes in climate The degree to which a
system is affected
byresponsive to
climate changes
The ability to
moderate
potential harm
take advantage of
opportunities or
cope with
consequences of
exposure
Sources in OECD 2006
All impacts that may occur
given a projected change in
climate without
considering adaptation
The extent to which a natural system or human society is unable to
cope with the negative impacts of climate change variability and
extremes
Slide courtesy of P Marshall GRMPA Sources in OECD 2006
VA-TURF
23
FRAMEWORK
Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393
Fisheries
Reef Ecosystem
Socioeconomic
VA-TURF
24
FRAMEWORK
Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393
VA-TURF
25
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
26
David Borja Villanoy Hilario Alino 2012 for submission Climatic Change
Wave (Relative Exposure Index)
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
bull Input data
ndash Gridded bathymetry
ndash Digital coastline
ndash Wind data
bull Calculated using WEMo (Wave Exposure Model) (httpwwwccfhrnoaagovstressorswemo)
27
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
28 Source Villanoy CL et al (2013) Chapter 3 Exposure Waves and storm surges In Vulnerability Assessment Tools for Coastal Ecosystem A Guidebook MERF Quezon City
SENSITIVITY
29
VA-TURF FISHERIES
30
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Dominant catches Pelagics (tuna mackerel etc)
Mix of demersal and pelagic species
Demersal species (eg grouper)
Catch rate gt8 kgfisherday 3 to 8 kgfisherday
lt3 kgfisherday
Gear habitat dependence
Mostly mobile gears (eg drift gill nets)
Presence of both types
Habitat-associated gears (eg fixed on seagrass beds)
VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM
31
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Wave-tolerant species relative to total abundance
Pectoral-swimming fishes (labrids scarids acanthurids) greater than 50
Mix of site-attached and mobile fish species 15-50 pectoral swimming fish
Abundant site-attached butteflyfish angelfish damselfish lt15 pectoral swimming fish
Density of coral dependent fish species (Butterflyfish)
lt5 of the total density
5 to 10 of the total density
gt10 of the total density
Coral cover gt50 coral cover 25 to 50 coral cover
lt25 coral cover
VA-TURF SOCIO-ECONOMIC
32
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Population density lt200 individualskm2
(not crowded sparsely distributed)
200 to 400 individualskm2 (moderately crowded)
gt400 individualskm2 (very crowded)
Fisheries ecosystem dependency
lt15 of total population are fishers
15 to 30 of total population are fishers
gt30 of total population are fishers
ADAPTIVE CAPACITY
33
VA-TURF FISHERIES
34
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Habitat size( fishing grounds)
Small (relative to the waters)
Intermediate size Large
Average sizeamount of catch
Mostly small immature fishes
Abundance of small but with few large fishes
Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)
Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries
Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)
Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence
Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence
Change in catch composition
Considerable changes in the last two decades
Few changes in the last two decades
No change in catch composition
VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM
35
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)
Small reef areas fragmented
Intermediate size of areas
Large reef areas
Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)
Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats
One habitat is of poor quality or very far
Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions
VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC
36
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Annual per capita income from fisheries
Below the provincial poverty threshold
Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Fishers with other sources of income
lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood
40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income
gt60 of fishers have other sources of income
Total amount of all income
Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold
Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Computation for Potential Impact (PI)
Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo
(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
From exposure (E) model 1 3
2 4 Use S and E to derive
VA-TURF
37
Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)
Add the scores of the components of
ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in
ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1
2
PI score (from previous
slide)
3
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
4 Use AC and PI to derive
VA-TURF
Reference to derive
ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2
Reference to derive
ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3
1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories
(ldquoRankrdquo)
VA-TURF
Computation for Overall Vulnerability
H M L
VA-TURF
41
NEXT STEPS
ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)
VA-TURF
42
NEXT STEPS
REDUCE Sensitivity amp
Exposure (POTENTIAL
IMPACT)
INCREASE Adaptive Capacity
REDUCE Vulnerability
High Medium
Medium Low
Low Not Vulnerable
INCREASE Resilience
VA-TURF
43
bull Reducing fishing mortality
bull Enhancing stock recovery
bull Sustainable fisheries use
bull Threat reduction on ecosystems
bull Organizing fisher communities
bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity
bull EAFM development with equitability
bull Diversifying livelihood options
Alintildeo et al 2012
ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
44
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
45
NEXT STEPS
Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
47
Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism
Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming
bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors
(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)
CASE STUDY
48
WAVE EXPOSURE
CASE STUDY
49
Fisheries
Reef ecosystem
Socio- economic
Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries
Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats
High population density
VA-TURF
50
ACTIONS
How does the action
reduce vulnerabil
ity (darrPIuarrAC)
UR
GEN
CY
What is needed for implementation
CA
PAC
ITY
Are there
potential negative impacts
(YN)
What is the value added to
address CC concerns
List benefits
eg ecological
socio-economic
Soci
o-
eco
no
mic
Eco
logi
cal
Go
vern
ance
Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)
uarrAC 3
Establish Marine Park coordinates
Establish Marine Park coordinates
3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats
Socio-economic ecological
Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)
darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side
Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance
3 N Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human)
Regulate water sports (island)
darrPI 3
Assess areas where water sports exist
Review for legal basis for zonation
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning
Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat
Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Sustainable fisheries
Stricter implementation
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards
Protect lives livelihood
Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)
uarrAC darrPI 2
Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)
2 Y Natural buffers to erosion
Protection against erosion
51
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
52
POST VA ACTIVITIES
Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone
Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin
Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay
Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay
Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod
SUMMARY
53
bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries
bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation
bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area
SUMMARY
54
bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries
bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact
55
CLIMATE CHANGE
We can do something about it will
56
Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters
Thank you
Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
PHILIPPINES A VERY VULNERABLE COUNTRY
Image credit KreftS and EcksteinD (2014) Global Climate Risk Index 2014 Who Suffers Most from Extreme Weather Events Weather- Related Loss Events in 2012 and 1993 to 2012
13
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Photo credit C Villanoy| Slide courtesy of HOA 14
Map of typhoon frequency in the Philippines
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
PHILIPPINES A VERY VULNERABLE COUNTRY
15 Source Burke LK et al (2011) Reefs at Risk Revisited Washington DC USA World Resources Institute
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
STATUS OF PHILIPPINE CORAL REEFS
16
Figure 3 Philippine map and its biogeographic regions (brown lines Alintildeo and Gomez 1994) showing the color coded hard coral cover data that were surveyed from 2008 to 2014 in 73 municipalities Typhoon paths Blue arrow for Typhoon Washi (Sendong) Red arrow for Typhoon Bopha (Pablo) and Green arrow for Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda)
Source Alintildeo PM et al (2014)Status of Philippine Coral Reefs 2014 (in press)| Burke et al(2011) Reefs at Risk Revisited
Threats to Coral Reefs bull Overfishing bull Destructive Fishing bull Pollution bull Sedimentation bull Coastal Development
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
bull Nearly 60 of the population is dependent on fisheries
bull Fishers are the poorest of the poor sector a
bull Fish stocks in major fishing grounds in the Philippines have been reduced to less than 10 of 1950s level b
bull Average catch rate of Filipino fisherfolks is less than frac12 of what they catch in 1970sc
STATUS OF PHILIPPINE FISHERIES
Sources aCastroLV (2006) Poverty Statistics for the Basic Sector bGreen SJ et al (2003) Philippine Fisheries in Crisis A Framework for Management cMuallil et al (2014)
17
TOOL FOR UNDERSTANDING RESILIENCE OF FISHERIES (VA-TURF)
18
OBJECTIVES
bull To identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull To demonstrate how to link vulnerability assessment results to climate change adaptation
bull To draft action plans towards reducing vulnerability
19
VA-TURF
VA-TURF
20
VA-TURF FEATURES
bull Target end-users Local stakeholders
bull Spatial scale Fishing village or barangay
bull Climate Change hazards considered Waves and storm surge SST
Required data is accessible or easily generated
Analysis (Scoring and ranking) is simple devoid of complicated mathematical equations
Assessment is participatory
Assists in decision-making for the local adaptation strategies
21
VA-TURF FRAMEWORK
22
exposure sensitivity
potential
impact
adaptive
capacity
vulnerability
The extent to which a
regionresource community
experiences changes in climate The degree to which a
system is affected
byresponsive to
climate changes
The ability to
moderate
potential harm
take advantage of
opportunities or
cope with
consequences of
exposure
Sources in OECD 2006
All impacts that may occur
given a projected change in
climate without
considering adaptation
The extent to which a natural system or human society is unable to
cope with the negative impacts of climate change variability and
extremes
Slide courtesy of P Marshall GRMPA Sources in OECD 2006
VA-TURF
23
FRAMEWORK
Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393
Fisheries
Reef Ecosystem
Socioeconomic
VA-TURF
24
FRAMEWORK
Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393
VA-TURF
25
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
26
David Borja Villanoy Hilario Alino 2012 for submission Climatic Change
Wave (Relative Exposure Index)
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
bull Input data
ndash Gridded bathymetry
ndash Digital coastline
ndash Wind data
bull Calculated using WEMo (Wave Exposure Model) (httpwwwccfhrnoaagovstressorswemo)
27
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
28 Source Villanoy CL et al (2013) Chapter 3 Exposure Waves and storm surges In Vulnerability Assessment Tools for Coastal Ecosystem A Guidebook MERF Quezon City
SENSITIVITY
29
VA-TURF FISHERIES
30
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Dominant catches Pelagics (tuna mackerel etc)
Mix of demersal and pelagic species
Demersal species (eg grouper)
Catch rate gt8 kgfisherday 3 to 8 kgfisherday
lt3 kgfisherday
Gear habitat dependence
Mostly mobile gears (eg drift gill nets)
Presence of both types
Habitat-associated gears (eg fixed on seagrass beds)
VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM
31
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Wave-tolerant species relative to total abundance
Pectoral-swimming fishes (labrids scarids acanthurids) greater than 50
Mix of site-attached and mobile fish species 15-50 pectoral swimming fish
Abundant site-attached butteflyfish angelfish damselfish lt15 pectoral swimming fish
Density of coral dependent fish species (Butterflyfish)
lt5 of the total density
5 to 10 of the total density
gt10 of the total density
Coral cover gt50 coral cover 25 to 50 coral cover
lt25 coral cover
VA-TURF SOCIO-ECONOMIC
32
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Population density lt200 individualskm2
(not crowded sparsely distributed)
200 to 400 individualskm2 (moderately crowded)
gt400 individualskm2 (very crowded)
Fisheries ecosystem dependency
lt15 of total population are fishers
15 to 30 of total population are fishers
gt30 of total population are fishers
ADAPTIVE CAPACITY
33
VA-TURF FISHERIES
34
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Habitat size( fishing grounds)
Small (relative to the waters)
Intermediate size Large
Average sizeamount of catch
Mostly small immature fishes
Abundance of small but with few large fishes
Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)
Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries
Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)
Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence
Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence
Change in catch composition
Considerable changes in the last two decades
Few changes in the last two decades
No change in catch composition
VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM
35
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)
Small reef areas fragmented
Intermediate size of areas
Large reef areas
Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)
Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats
One habitat is of poor quality or very far
Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions
VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC
36
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Annual per capita income from fisheries
Below the provincial poverty threshold
Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Fishers with other sources of income
lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood
40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income
gt60 of fishers have other sources of income
Total amount of all income
Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold
Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Computation for Potential Impact (PI)
Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo
(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
From exposure (E) model 1 3
2 4 Use S and E to derive
VA-TURF
37
Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)
Add the scores of the components of
ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in
ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1
2
PI score (from previous
slide)
3
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
4 Use AC and PI to derive
VA-TURF
Reference to derive
ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2
Reference to derive
ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3
1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories
(ldquoRankrdquo)
VA-TURF
Computation for Overall Vulnerability
H M L
VA-TURF
41
NEXT STEPS
ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)
VA-TURF
42
NEXT STEPS
REDUCE Sensitivity amp
Exposure (POTENTIAL
IMPACT)
INCREASE Adaptive Capacity
REDUCE Vulnerability
High Medium
Medium Low
Low Not Vulnerable
INCREASE Resilience
VA-TURF
43
bull Reducing fishing mortality
bull Enhancing stock recovery
bull Sustainable fisheries use
bull Threat reduction on ecosystems
bull Organizing fisher communities
bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity
bull EAFM development with equitability
bull Diversifying livelihood options
Alintildeo et al 2012
ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
44
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
45
NEXT STEPS
Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
47
Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism
Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming
bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors
(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)
CASE STUDY
48
WAVE EXPOSURE
CASE STUDY
49
Fisheries
Reef ecosystem
Socio- economic
Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries
Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats
High population density
VA-TURF
50
ACTIONS
How does the action
reduce vulnerabil
ity (darrPIuarrAC)
UR
GEN
CY
What is needed for implementation
CA
PAC
ITY
Are there
potential negative impacts
(YN)
What is the value added to
address CC concerns
List benefits
eg ecological
socio-economic
Soci
o-
eco
no
mic
Eco
logi
cal
Go
vern
ance
Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)
uarrAC 3
Establish Marine Park coordinates
Establish Marine Park coordinates
3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats
Socio-economic ecological
Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)
darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side
Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance
3 N Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human)
Regulate water sports (island)
darrPI 3
Assess areas where water sports exist
Review for legal basis for zonation
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning
Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat
Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Sustainable fisheries
Stricter implementation
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards
Protect lives livelihood
Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)
uarrAC darrPI 2
Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)
2 Y Natural buffers to erosion
Protection against erosion
51
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
52
POST VA ACTIVITIES
Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone
Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin
Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay
Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay
Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod
SUMMARY
53
bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries
bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation
bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area
SUMMARY
54
bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries
bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact
55
CLIMATE CHANGE
We can do something about it will
56
Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters
Thank you
Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Photo credit C Villanoy| Slide courtesy of HOA 14
Map of typhoon frequency in the Philippines
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
PHILIPPINES A VERY VULNERABLE COUNTRY
15 Source Burke LK et al (2011) Reefs at Risk Revisited Washington DC USA World Resources Institute
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
STATUS OF PHILIPPINE CORAL REEFS
16
Figure 3 Philippine map and its biogeographic regions (brown lines Alintildeo and Gomez 1994) showing the color coded hard coral cover data that were surveyed from 2008 to 2014 in 73 municipalities Typhoon paths Blue arrow for Typhoon Washi (Sendong) Red arrow for Typhoon Bopha (Pablo) and Green arrow for Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda)
Source Alintildeo PM et al (2014)Status of Philippine Coral Reefs 2014 (in press)| Burke et al(2011) Reefs at Risk Revisited
Threats to Coral Reefs bull Overfishing bull Destructive Fishing bull Pollution bull Sedimentation bull Coastal Development
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
bull Nearly 60 of the population is dependent on fisheries
bull Fishers are the poorest of the poor sector a
bull Fish stocks in major fishing grounds in the Philippines have been reduced to less than 10 of 1950s level b
bull Average catch rate of Filipino fisherfolks is less than frac12 of what they catch in 1970sc
STATUS OF PHILIPPINE FISHERIES
Sources aCastroLV (2006) Poverty Statistics for the Basic Sector bGreen SJ et al (2003) Philippine Fisheries in Crisis A Framework for Management cMuallil et al (2014)
17
TOOL FOR UNDERSTANDING RESILIENCE OF FISHERIES (VA-TURF)
18
OBJECTIVES
bull To identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull To demonstrate how to link vulnerability assessment results to climate change adaptation
bull To draft action plans towards reducing vulnerability
19
VA-TURF
VA-TURF
20
VA-TURF FEATURES
bull Target end-users Local stakeholders
bull Spatial scale Fishing village or barangay
bull Climate Change hazards considered Waves and storm surge SST
Required data is accessible or easily generated
Analysis (Scoring and ranking) is simple devoid of complicated mathematical equations
Assessment is participatory
Assists in decision-making for the local adaptation strategies
21
VA-TURF FRAMEWORK
22
exposure sensitivity
potential
impact
adaptive
capacity
vulnerability
The extent to which a
regionresource community
experiences changes in climate The degree to which a
system is affected
byresponsive to
climate changes
The ability to
moderate
potential harm
take advantage of
opportunities or
cope with
consequences of
exposure
Sources in OECD 2006
All impacts that may occur
given a projected change in
climate without
considering adaptation
The extent to which a natural system or human society is unable to
cope with the negative impacts of climate change variability and
extremes
Slide courtesy of P Marshall GRMPA Sources in OECD 2006
VA-TURF
23
FRAMEWORK
Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393
Fisheries
Reef Ecosystem
Socioeconomic
VA-TURF
24
FRAMEWORK
Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393
VA-TURF
25
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
26
David Borja Villanoy Hilario Alino 2012 for submission Climatic Change
Wave (Relative Exposure Index)
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
bull Input data
ndash Gridded bathymetry
ndash Digital coastline
ndash Wind data
bull Calculated using WEMo (Wave Exposure Model) (httpwwwccfhrnoaagovstressorswemo)
27
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
28 Source Villanoy CL et al (2013) Chapter 3 Exposure Waves and storm surges In Vulnerability Assessment Tools for Coastal Ecosystem A Guidebook MERF Quezon City
SENSITIVITY
29
VA-TURF FISHERIES
30
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Dominant catches Pelagics (tuna mackerel etc)
Mix of demersal and pelagic species
Demersal species (eg grouper)
Catch rate gt8 kgfisherday 3 to 8 kgfisherday
lt3 kgfisherday
Gear habitat dependence
Mostly mobile gears (eg drift gill nets)
Presence of both types
Habitat-associated gears (eg fixed on seagrass beds)
VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM
31
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Wave-tolerant species relative to total abundance
Pectoral-swimming fishes (labrids scarids acanthurids) greater than 50
Mix of site-attached and mobile fish species 15-50 pectoral swimming fish
Abundant site-attached butteflyfish angelfish damselfish lt15 pectoral swimming fish
Density of coral dependent fish species (Butterflyfish)
lt5 of the total density
5 to 10 of the total density
gt10 of the total density
Coral cover gt50 coral cover 25 to 50 coral cover
lt25 coral cover
VA-TURF SOCIO-ECONOMIC
32
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Population density lt200 individualskm2
(not crowded sparsely distributed)
200 to 400 individualskm2 (moderately crowded)
gt400 individualskm2 (very crowded)
Fisheries ecosystem dependency
lt15 of total population are fishers
15 to 30 of total population are fishers
gt30 of total population are fishers
ADAPTIVE CAPACITY
33
VA-TURF FISHERIES
34
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Habitat size( fishing grounds)
Small (relative to the waters)
Intermediate size Large
Average sizeamount of catch
Mostly small immature fishes
Abundance of small but with few large fishes
Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)
Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries
Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)
Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence
Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence
Change in catch composition
Considerable changes in the last two decades
Few changes in the last two decades
No change in catch composition
VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM
35
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)
Small reef areas fragmented
Intermediate size of areas
Large reef areas
Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)
Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats
One habitat is of poor quality or very far
Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions
VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC
36
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Annual per capita income from fisheries
Below the provincial poverty threshold
Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Fishers with other sources of income
lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood
40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income
gt60 of fishers have other sources of income
Total amount of all income
Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold
Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Computation for Potential Impact (PI)
Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo
(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
From exposure (E) model 1 3
2 4 Use S and E to derive
VA-TURF
37
Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)
Add the scores of the components of
ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in
ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1
2
PI score (from previous
slide)
3
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
4 Use AC and PI to derive
VA-TURF
Reference to derive
ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2
Reference to derive
ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3
1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories
(ldquoRankrdquo)
VA-TURF
Computation for Overall Vulnerability
H M L
VA-TURF
41
NEXT STEPS
ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)
VA-TURF
42
NEXT STEPS
REDUCE Sensitivity amp
Exposure (POTENTIAL
IMPACT)
INCREASE Adaptive Capacity
REDUCE Vulnerability
High Medium
Medium Low
Low Not Vulnerable
INCREASE Resilience
VA-TURF
43
bull Reducing fishing mortality
bull Enhancing stock recovery
bull Sustainable fisheries use
bull Threat reduction on ecosystems
bull Organizing fisher communities
bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity
bull EAFM development with equitability
bull Diversifying livelihood options
Alintildeo et al 2012
ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
44
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
45
NEXT STEPS
Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
47
Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism
Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming
bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors
(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)
CASE STUDY
48
WAVE EXPOSURE
CASE STUDY
49
Fisheries
Reef ecosystem
Socio- economic
Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries
Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats
High population density
VA-TURF
50
ACTIONS
How does the action
reduce vulnerabil
ity (darrPIuarrAC)
UR
GEN
CY
What is needed for implementation
CA
PAC
ITY
Are there
potential negative impacts
(YN)
What is the value added to
address CC concerns
List benefits
eg ecological
socio-economic
Soci
o-
eco
no
mic
Eco
logi
cal
Go
vern
ance
Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)
uarrAC 3
Establish Marine Park coordinates
Establish Marine Park coordinates
3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats
Socio-economic ecological
Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)
darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side
Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance
3 N Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human)
Regulate water sports (island)
darrPI 3
Assess areas where water sports exist
Review for legal basis for zonation
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning
Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat
Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Sustainable fisheries
Stricter implementation
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards
Protect lives livelihood
Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)
uarrAC darrPI 2
Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)
2 Y Natural buffers to erosion
Protection against erosion
51
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
52
POST VA ACTIVITIES
Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone
Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin
Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay
Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay
Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod
SUMMARY
53
bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries
bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation
bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area
SUMMARY
54
bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries
bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact
55
CLIMATE CHANGE
We can do something about it will
56
Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters
Thank you
Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
PHILIPPINES A VERY VULNERABLE COUNTRY
15 Source Burke LK et al (2011) Reefs at Risk Revisited Washington DC USA World Resources Institute
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
STATUS OF PHILIPPINE CORAL REEFS
16
Figure 3 Philippine map and its biogeographic regions (brown lines Alintildeo and Gomez 1994) showing the color coded hard coral cover data that were surveyed from 2008 to 2014 in 73 municipalities Typhoon paths Blue arrow for Typhoon Washi (Sendong) Red arrow for Typhoon Bopha (Pablo) and Green arrow for Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda)
Source Alintildeo PM et al (2014)Status of Philippine Coral Reefs 2014 (in press)| Burke et al(2011) Reefs at Risk Revisited
Threats to Coral Reefs bull Overfishing bull Destructive Fishing bull Pollution bull Sedimentation bull Coastal Development
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
bull Nearly 60 of the population is dependent on fisheries
bull Fishers are the poorest of the poor sector a
bull Fish stocks in major fishing grounds in the Philippines have been reduced to less than 10 of 1950s level b
bull Average catch rate of Filipino fisherfolks is less than frac12 of what they catch in 1970sc
STATUS OF PHILIPPINE FISHERIES
Sources aCastroLV (2006) Poverty Statistics for the Basic Sector bGreen SJ et al (2003) Philippine Fisheries in Crisis A Framework for Management cMuallil et al (2014)
17
TOOL FOR UNDERSTANDING RESILIENCE OF FISHERIES (VA-TURF)
18
OBJECTIVES
bull To identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull To demonstrate how to link vulnerability assessment results to climate change adaptation
bull To draft action plans towards reducing vulnerability
19
VA-TURF
VA-TURF
20
VA-TURF FEATURES
bull Target end-users Local stakeholders
bull Spatial scale Fishing village or barangay
bull Climate Change hazards considered Waves and storm surge SST
Required data is accessible or easily generated
Analysis (Scoring and ranking) is simple devoid of complicated mathematical equations
Assessment is participatory
Assists in decision-making for the local adaptation strategies
21
VA-TURF FRAMEWORK
22
exposure sensitivity
potential
impact
adaptive
capacity
vulnerability
The extent to which a
regionresource community
experiences changes in climate The degree to which a
system is affected
byresponsive to
climate changes
The ability to
moderate
potential harm
take advantage of
opportunities or
cope with
consequences of
exposure
Sources in OECD 2006
All impacts that may occur
given a projected change in
climate without
considering adaptation
The extent to which a natural system or human society is unable to
cope with the negative impacts of climate change variability and
extremes
Slide courtesy of P Marshall GRMPA Sources in OECD 2006
VA-TURF
23
FRAMEWORK
Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393
Fisheries
Reef Ecosystem
Socioeconomic
VA-TURF
24
FRAMEWORK
Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393
VA-TURF
25
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
26
David Borja Villanoy Hilario Alino 2012 for submission Climatic Change
Wave (Relative Exposure Index)
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
bull Input data
ndash Gridded bathymetry
ndash Digital coastline
ndash Wind data
bull Calculated using WEMo (Wave Exposure Model) (httpwwwccfhrnoaagovstressorswemo)
27
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
28 Source Villanoy CL et al (2013) Chapter 3 Exposure Waves and storm surges In Vulnerability Assessment Tools for Coastal Ecosystem A Guidebook MERF Quezon City
SENSITIVITY
29
VA-TURF FISHERIES
30
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Dominant catches Pelagics (tuna mackerel etc)
Mix of demersal and pelagic species
Demersal species (eg grouper)
Catch rate gt8 kgfisherday 3 to 8 kgfisherday
lt3 kgfisherday
Gear habitat dependence
Mostly mobile gears (eg drift gill nets)
Presence of both types
Habitat-associated gears (eg fixed on seagrass beds)
VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM
31
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Wave-tolerant species relative to total abundance
Pectoral-swimming fishes (labrids scarids acanthurids) greater than 50
Mix of site-attached and mobile fish species 15-50 pectoral swimming fish
Abundant site-attached butteflyfish angelfish damselfish lt15 pectoral swimming fish
Density of coral dependent fish species (Butterflyfish)
lt5 of the total density
5 to 10 of the total density
gt10 of the total density
Coral cover gt50 coral cover 25 to 50 coral cover
lt25 coral cover
VA-TURF SOCIO-ECONOMIC
32
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Population density lt200 individualskm2
(not crowded sparsely distributed)
200 to 400 individualskm2 (moderately crowded)
gt400 individualskm2 (very crowded)
Fisheries ecosystem dependency
lt15 of total population are fishers
15 to 30 of total population are fishers
gt30 of total population are fishers
ADAPTIVE CAPACITY
33
VA-TURF FISHERIES
34
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Habitat size( fishing grounds)
Small (relative to the waters)
Intermediate size Large
Average sizeamount of catch
Mostly small immature fishes
Abundance of small but with few large fishes
Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)
Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries
Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)
Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence
Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence
Change in catch composition
Considerable changes in the last two decades
Few changes in the last two decades
No change in catch composition
VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM
35
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)
Small reef areas fragmented
Intermediate size of areas
Large reef areas
Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)
Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats
One habitat is of poor quality or very far
Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions
VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC
36
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Annual per capita income from fisheries
Below the provincial poverty threshold
Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Fishers with other sources of income
lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood
40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income
gt60 of fishers have other sources of income
Total amount of all income
Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold
Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Computation for Potential Impact (PI)
Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo
(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
From exposure (E) model 1 3
2 4 Use S and E to derive
VA-TURF
37
Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)
Add the scores of the components of
ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in
ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1
2
PI score (from previous
slide)
3
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
4 Use AC and PI to derive
VA-TURF
Reference to derive
ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2
Reference to derive
ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3
1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories
(ldquoRankrdquo)
VA-TURF
Computation for Overall Vulnerability
H M L
VA-TURF
41
NEXT STEPS
ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)
VA-TURF
42
NEXT STEPS
REDUCE Sensitivity amp
Exposure (POTENTIAL
IMPACT)
INCREASE Adaptive Capacity
REDUCE Vulnerability
High Medium
Medium Low
Low Not Vulnerable
INCREASE Resilience
VA-TURF
43
bull Reducing fishing mortality
bull Enhancing stock recovery
bull Sustainable fisheries use
bull Threat reduction on ecosystems
bull Organizing fisher communities
bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity
bull EAFM development with equitability
bull Diversifying livelihood options
Alintildeo et al 2012
ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
44
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
45
NEXT STEPS
Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
47
Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism
Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming
bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors
(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)
CASE STUDY
48
WAVE EXPOSURE
CASE STUDY
49
Fisheries
Reef ecosystem
Socio- economic
Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries
Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats
High population density
VA-TURF
50
ACTIONS
How does the action
reduce vulnerabil
ity (darrPIuarrAC)
UR
GEN
CY
What is needed for implementation
CA
PAC
ITY
Are there
potential negative impacts
(YN)
What is the value added to
address CC concerns
List benefits
eg ecological
socio-economic
Soci
o-
eco
no
mic
Eco
logi
cal
Go
vern
ance
Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)
uarrAC 3
Establish Marine Park coordinates
Establish Marine Park coordinates
3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats
Socio-economic ecological
Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)
darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side
Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance
3 N Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human)
Regulate water sports (island)
darrPI 3
Assess areas where water sports exist
Review for legal basis for zonation
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning
Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat
Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Sustainable fisheries
Stricter implementation
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards
Protect lives livelihood
Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)
uarrAC darrPI 2
Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)
2 Y Natural buffers to erosion
Protection against erosion
51
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
52
POST VA ACTIVITIES
Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone
Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin
Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay
Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay
Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod
SUMMARY
53
bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries
bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation
bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area
SUMMARY
54
bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries
bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact
55
CLIMATE CHANGE
We can do something about it will
56
Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters
Thank you
Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
STATUS OF PHILIPPINE CORAL REEFS
16
Figure 3 Philippine map and its biogeographic regions (brown lines Alintildeo and Gomez 1994) showing the color coded hard coral cover data that were surveyed from 2008 to 2014 in 73 municipalities Typhoon paths Blue arrow for Typhoon Washi (Sendong) Red arrow for Typhoon Bopha (Pablo) and Green arrow for Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda)
Source Alintildeo PM et al (2014)Status of Philippine Coral Reefs 2014 (in press)| Burke et al(2011) Reefs at Risk Revisited
Threats to Coral Reefs bull Overfishing bull Destructive Fishing bull Pollution bull Sedimentation bull Coastal Development
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
bull Nearly 60 of the population is dependent on fisheries
bull Fishers are the poorest of the poor sector a
bull Fish stocks in major fishing grounds in the Philippines have been reduced to less than 10 of 1950s level b
bull Average catch rate of Filipino fisherfolks is less than frac12 of what they catch in 1970sc
STATUS OF PHILIPPINE FISHERIES
Sources aCastroLV (2006) Poverty Statistics for the Basic Sector bGreen SJ et al (2003) Philippine Fisheries in Crisis A Framework for Management cMuallil et al (2014)
17
TOOL FOR UNDERSTANDING RESILIENCE OF FISHERIES (VA-TURF)
18
OBJECTIVES
bull To identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull To demonstrate how to link vulnerability assessment results to climate change adaptation
bull To draft action plans towards reducing vulnerability
19
VA-TURF
VA-TURF
20
VA-TURF FEATURES
bull Target end-users Local stakeholders
bull Spatial scale Fishing village or barangay
bull Climate Change hazards considered Waves and storm surge SST
Required data is accessible or easily generated
Analysis (Scoring and ranking) is simple devoid of complicated mathematical equations
Assessment is participatory
Assists in decision-making for the local adaptation strategies
21
VA-TURF FRAMEWORK
22
exposure sensitivity
potential
impact
adaptive
capacity
vulnerability
The extent to which a
regionresource community
experiences changes in climate The degree to which a
system is affected
byresponsive to
climate changes
The ability to
moderate
potential harm
take advantage of
opportunities or
cope with
consequences of
exposure
Sources in OECD 2006
All impacts that may occur
given a projected change in
climate without
considering adaptation
The extent to which a natural system or human society is unable to
cope with the negative impacts of climate change variability and
extremes
Slide courtesy of P Marshall GRMPA Sources in OECD 2006
VA-TURF
23
FRAMEWORK
Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393
Fisheries
Reef Ecosystem
Socioeconomic
VA-TURF
24
FRAMEWORK
Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393
VA-TURF
25
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
26
David Borja Villanoy Hilario Alino 2012 for submission Climatic Change
Wave (Relative Exposure Index)
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
bull Input data
ndash Gridded bathymetry
ndash Digital coastline
ndash Wind data
bull Calculated using WEMo (Wave Exposure Model) (httpwwwccfhrnoaagovstressorswemo)
27
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
28 Source Villanoy CL et al (2013) Chapter 3 Exposure Waves and storm surges In Vulnerability Assessment Tools for Coastal Ecosystem A Guidebook MERF Quezon City
SENSITIVITY
29
VA-TURF FISHERIES
30
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Dominant catches Pelagics (tuna mackerel etc)
Mix of demersal and pelagic species
Demersal species (eg grouper)
Catch rate gt8 kgfisherday 3 to 8 kgfisherday
lt3 kgfisherday
Gear habitat dependence
Mostly mobile gears (eg drift gill nets)
Presence of both types
Habitat-associated gears (eg fixed on seagrass beds)
VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM
31
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Wave-tolerant species relative to total abundance
Pectoral-swimming fishes (labrids scarids acanthurids) greater than 50
Mix of site-attached and mobile fish species 15-50 pectoral swimming fish
Abundant site-attached butteflyfish angelfish damselfish lt15 pectoral swimming fish
Density of coral dependent fish species (Butterflyfish)
lt5 of the total density
5 to 10 of the total density
gt10 of the total density
Coral cover gt50 coral cover 25 to 50 coral cover
lt25 coral cover
VA-TURF SOCIO-ECONOMIC
32
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Population density lt200 individualskm2
(not crowded sparsely distributed)
200 to 400 individualskm2 (moderately crowded)
gt400 individualskm2 (very crowded)
Fisheries ecosystem dependency
lt15 of total population are fishers
15 to 30 of total population are fishers
gt30 of total population are fishers
ADAPTIVE CAPACITY
33
VA-TURF FISHERIES
34
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Habitat size( fishing grounds)
Small (relative to the waters)
Intermediate size Large
Average sizeamount of catch
Mostly small immature fishes
Abundance of small but with few large fishes
Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)
Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries
Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)
Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence
Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence
Change in catch composition
Considerable changes in the last two decades
Few changes in the last two decades
No change in catch composition
VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM
35
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)
Small reef areas fragmented
Intermediate size of areas
Large reef areas
Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)
Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats
One habitat is of poor quality or very far
Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions
VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC
36
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Annual per capita income from fisheries
Below the provincial poverty threshold
Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Fishers with other sources of income
lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood
40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income
gt60 of fishers have other sources of income
Total amount of all income
Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold
Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Computation for Potential Impact (PI)
Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo
(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
From exposure (E) model 1 3
2 4 Use S and E to derive
VA-TURF
37
Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)
Add the scores of the components of
ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in
ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1
2
PI score (from previous
slide)
3
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
4 Use AC and PI to derive
VA-TURF
Reference to derive
ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2
Reference to derive
ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3
1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories
(ldquoRankrdquo)
VA-TURF
Computation for Overall Vulnerability
H M L
VA-TURF
41
NEXT STEPS
ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)
VA-TURF
42
NEXT STEPS
REDUCE Sensitivity amp
Exposure (POTENTIAL
IMPACT)
INCREASE Adaptive Capacity
REDUCE Vulnerability
High Medium
Medium Low
Low Not Vulnerable
INCREASE Resilience
VA-TURF
43
bull Reducing fishing mortality
bull Enhancing stock recovery
bull Sustainable fisheries use
bull Threat reduction on ecosystems
bull Organizing fisher communities
bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity
bull EAFM development with equitability
bull Diversifying livelihood options
Alintildeo et al 2012
ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
44
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
45
NEXT STEPS
Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
47
Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism
Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming
bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors
(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)
CASE STUDY
48
WAVE EXPOSURE
CASE STUDY
49
Fisheries
Reef ecosystem
Socio- economic
Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries
Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats
High population density
VA-TURF
50
ACTIONS
How does the action
reduce vulnerabil
ity (darrPIuarrAC)
UR
GEN
CY
What is needed for implementation
CA
PAC
ITY
Are there
potential negative impacts
(YN)
What is the value added to
address CC concerns
List benefits
eg ecological
socio-economic
Soci
o-
eco
no
mic
Eco
logi
cal
Go
vern
ance
Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)
uarrAC 3
Establish Marine Park coordinates
Establish Marine Park coordinates
3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats
Socio-economic ecological
Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)
darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side
Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance
3 N Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human)
Regulate water sports (island)
darrPI 3
Assess areas where water sports exist
Review for legal basis for zonation
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning
Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat
Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Sustainable fisheries
Stricter implementation
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards
Protect lives livelihood
Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)
uarrAC darrPI 2
Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)
2 Y Natural buffers to erosion
Protection against erosion
51
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
52
POST VA ACTIVITIES
Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone
Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin
Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay
Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay
Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod
SUMMARY
53
bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries
bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation
bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area
SUMMARY
54
bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries
bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact
55
CLIMATE CHANGE
We can do something about it will
56
Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters
Thank you
Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
bull Nearly 60 of the population is dependent on fisheries
bull Fishers are the poorest of the poor sector a
bull Fish stocks in major fishing grounds in the Philippines have been reduced to less than 10 of 1950s level b
bull Average catch rate of Filipino fisherfolks is less than frac12 of what they catch in 1970sc
STATUS OF PHILIPPINE FISHERIES
Sources aCastroLV (2006) Poverty Statistics for the Basic Sector bGreen SJ et al (2003) Philippine Fisheries in Crisis A Framework for Management cMuallil et al (2014)
17
TOOL FOR UNDERSTANDING RESILIENCE OF FISHERIES (VA-TURF)
18
OBJECTIVES
bull To identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull To demonstrate how to link vulnerability assessment results to climate change adaptation
bull To draft action plans towards reducing vulnerability
19
VA-TURF
VA-TURF
20
VA-TURF FEATURES
bull Target end-users Local stakeholders
bull Spatial scale Fishing village or barangay
bull Climate Change hazards considered Waves and storm surge SST
Required data is accessible or easily generated
Analysis (Scoring and ranking) is simple devoid of complicated mathematical equations
Assessment is participatory
Assists in decision-making for the local adaptation strategies
21
VA-TURF FRAMEWORK
22
exposure sensitivity
potential
impact
adaptive
capacity
vulnerability
The extent to which a
regionresource community
experiences changes in climate The degree to which a
system is affected
byresponsive to
climate changes
The ability to
moderate
potential harm
take advantage of
opportunities or
cope with
consequences of
exposure
Sources in OECD 2006
All impacts that may occur
given a projected change in
climate without
considering adaptation
The extent to which a natural system or human society is unable to
cope with the negative impacts of climate change variability and
extremes
Slide courtesy of P Marshall GRMPA Sources in OECD 2006
VA-TURF
23
FRAMEWORK
Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393
Fisheries
Reef Ecosystem
Socioeconomic
VA-TURF
24
FRAMEWORK
Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393
VA-TURF
25
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
26
David Borja Villanoy Hilario Alino 2012 for submission Climatic Change
Wave (Relative Exposure Index)
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
bull Input data
ndash Gridded bathymetry
ndash Digital coastline
ndash Wind data
bull Calculated using WEMo (Wave Exposure Model) (httpwwwccfhrnoaagovstressorswemo)
27
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
28 Source Villanoy CL et al (2013) Chapter 3 Exposure Waves and storm surges In Vulnerability Assessment Tools for Coastal Ecosystem A Guidebook MERF Quezon City
SENSITIVITY
29
VA-TURF FISHERIES
30
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Dominant catches Pelagics (tuna mackerel etc)
Mix of demersal and pelagic species
Demersal species (eg grouper)
Catch rate gt8 kgfisherday 3 to 8 kgfisherday
lt3 kgfisherday
Gear habitat dependence
Mostly mobile gears (eg drift gill nets)
Presence of both types
Habitat-associated gears (eg fixed on seagrass beds)
VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM
31
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Wave-tolerant species relative to total abundance
Pectoral-swimming fishes (labrids scarids acanthurids) greater than 50
Mix of site-attached and mobile fish species 15-50 pectoral swimming fish
Abundant site-attached butteflyfish angelfish damselfish lt15 pectoral swimming fish
Density of coral dependent fish species (Butterflyfish)
lt5 of the total density
5 to 10 of the total density
gt10 of the total density
Coral cover gt50 coral cover 25 to 50 coral cover
lt25 coral cover
VA-TURF SOCIO-ECONOMIC
32
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Population density lt200 individualskm2
(not crowded sparsely distributed)
200 to 400 individualskm2 (moderately crowded)
gt400 individualskm2 (very crowded)
Fisheries ecosystem dependency
lt15 of total population are fishers
15 to 30 of total population are fishers
gt30 of total population are fishers
ADAPTIVE CAPACITY
33
VA-TURF FISHERIES
34
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Habitat size( fishing grounds)
Small (relative to the waters)
Intermediate size Large
Average sizeamount of catch
Mostly small immature fishes
Abundance of small but with few large fishes
Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)
Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries
Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)
Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence
Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence
Change in catch composition
Considerable changes in the last two decades
Few changes in the last two decades
No change in catch composition
VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM
35
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)
Small reef areas fragmented
Intermediate size of areas
Large reef areas
Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)
Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats
One habitat is of poor quality or very far
Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions
VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC
36
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Annual per capita income from fisheries
Below the provincial poverty threshold
Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Fishers with other sources of income
lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood
40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income
gt60 of fishers have other sources of income
Total amount of all income
Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold
Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Computation for Potential Impact (PI)
Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo
(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
From exposure (E) model 1 3
2 4 Use S and E to derive
VA-TURF
37
Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)
Add the scores of the components of
ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in
ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1
2
PI score (from previous
slide)
3
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
4 Use AC and PI to derive
VA-TURF
Reference to derive
ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2
Reference to derive
ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3
1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories
(ldquoRankrdquo)
VA-TURF
Computation for Overall Vulnerability
H M L
VA-TURF
41
NEXT STEPS
ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)
VA-TURF
42
NEXT STEPS
REDUCE Sensitivity amp
Exposure (POTENTIAL
IMPACT)
INCREASE Adaptive Capacity
REDUCE Vulnerability
High Medium
Medium Low
Low Not Vulnerable
INCREASE Resilience
VA-TURF
43
bull Reducing fishing mortality
bull Enhancing stock recovery
bull Sustainable fisheries use
bull Threat reduction on ecosystems
bull Organizing fisher communities
bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity
bull EAFM development with equitability
bull Diversifying livelihood options
Alintildeo et al 2012
ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
44
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
45
NEXT STEPS
Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
47
Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism
Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming
bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors
(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)
CASE STUDY
48
WAVE EXPOSURE
CASE STUDY
49
Fisheries
Reef ecosystem
Socio- economic
Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries
Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats
High population density
VA-TURF
50
ACTIONS
How does the action
reduce vulnerabil
ity (darrPIuarrAC)
UR
GEN
CY
What is needed for implementation
CA
PAC
ITY
Are there
potential negative impacts
(YN)
What is the value added to
address CC concerns
List benefits
eg ecological
socio-economic
Soci
o-
eco
no
mic
Eco
logi
cal
Go
vern
ance
Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)
uarrAC 3
Establish Marine Park coordinates
Establish Marine Park coordinates
3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats
Socio-economic ecological
Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)
darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side
Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance
3 N Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human)
Regulate water sports (island)
darrPI 3
Assess areas where water sports exist
Review for legal basis for zonation
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning
Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat
Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Sustainable fisheries
Stricter implementation
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards
Protect lives livelihood
Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)
uarrAC darrPI 2
Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)
2 Y Natural buffers to erosion
Protection against erosion
51
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
52
POST VA ACTIVITIES
Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone
Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin
Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay
Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay
Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod
SUMMARY
53
bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries
bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation
bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area
SUMMARY
54
bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries
bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact
55
CLIMATE CHANGE
We can do something about it will
56
Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters
Thank you
Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph
TOOL FOR UNDERSTANDING RESILIENCE OF FISHERIES (VA-TURF)
18
OBJECTIVES
bull To identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull To demonstrate how to link vulnerability assessment results to climate change adaptation
bull To draft action plans towards reducing vulnerability
19
VA-TURF
VA-TURF
20
VA-TURF FEATURES
bull Target end-users Local stakeholders
bull Spatial scale Fishing village or barangay
bull Climate Change hazards considered Waves and storm surge SST
Required data is accessible or easily generated
Analysis (Scoring and ranking) is simple devoid of complicated mathematical equations
Assessment is participatory
Assists in decision-making for the local adaptation strategies
21
VA-TURF FRAMEWORK
22
exposure sensitivity
potential
impact
adaptive
capacity
vulnerability
The extent to which a
regionresource community
experiences changes in climate The degree to which a
system is affected
byresponsive to
climate changes
The ability to
moderate
potential harm
take advantage of
opportunities or
cope with
consequences of
exposure
Sources in OECD 2006
All impacts that may occur
given a projected change in
climate without
considering adaptation
The extent to which a natural system or human society is unable to
cope with the negative impacts of climate change variability and
extremes
Slide courtesy of P Marshall GRMPA Sources in OECD 2006
VA-TURF
23
FRAMEWORK
Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393
Fisheries
Reef Ecosystem
Socioeconomic
VA-TURF
24
FRAMEWORK
Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393
VA-TURF
25
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
26
David Borja Villanoy Hilario Alino 2012 for submission Climatic Change
Wave (Relative Exposure Index)
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
bull Input data
ndash Gridded bathymetry
ndash Digital coastline
ndash Wind data
bull Calculated using WEMo (Wave Exposure Model) (httpwwwccfhrnoaagovstressorswemo)
27
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
28 Source Villanoy CL et al (2013) Chapter 3 Exposure Waves and storm surges In Vulnerability Assessment Tools for Coastal Ecosystem A Guidebook MERF Quezon City
SENSITIVITY
29
VA-TURF FISHERIES
30
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Dominant catches Pelagics (tuna mackerel etc)
Mix of demersal and pelagic species
Demersal species (eg grouper)
Catch rate gt8 kgfisherday 3 to 8 kgfisherday
lt3 kgfisherday
Gear habitat dependence
Mostly mobile gears (eg drift gill nets)
Presence of both types
Habitat-associated gears (eg fixed on seagrass beds)
VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM
31
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Wave-tolerant species relative to total abundance
Pectoral-swimming fishes (labrids scarids acanthurids) greater than 50
Mix of site-attached and mobile fish species 15-50 pectoral swimming fish
Abundant site-attached butteflyfish angelfish damselfish lt15 pectoral swimming fish
Density of coral dependent fish species (Butterflyfish)
lt5 of the total density
5 to 10 of the total density
gt10 of the total density
Coral cover gt50 coral cover 25 to 50 coral cover
lt25 coral cover
VA-TURF SOCIO-ECONOMIC
32
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Population density lt200 individualskm2
(not crowded sparsely distributed)
200 to 400 individualskm2 (moderately crowded)
gt400 individualskm2 (very crowded)
Fisheries ecosystem dependency
lt15 of total population are fishers
15 to 30 of total population are fishers
gt30 of total population are fishers
ADAPTIVE CAPACITY
33
VA-TURF FISHERIES
34
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Habitat size( fishing grounds)
Small (relative to the waters)
Intermediate size Large
Average sizeamount of catch
Mostly small immature fishes
Abundance of small but with few large fishes
Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)
Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries
Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)
Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence
Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence
Change in catch composition
Considerable changes in the last two decades
Few changes in the last two decades
No change in catch composition
VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM
35
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)
Small reef areas fragmented
Intermediate size of areas
Large reef areas
Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)
Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats
One habitat is of poor quality or very far
Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions
VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC
36
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Annual per capita income from fisheries
Below the provincial poverty threshold
Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Fishers with other sources of income
lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood
40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income
gt60 of fishers have other sources of income
Total amount of all income
Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold
Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Computation for Potential Impact (PI)
Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo
(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
From exposure (E) model 1 3
2 4 Use S and E to derive
VA-TURF
37
Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)
Add the scores of the components of
ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in
ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1
2
PI score (from previous
slide)
3
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
4 Use AC and PI to derive
VA-TURF
Reference to derive
ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2
Reference to derive
ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3
1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories
(ldquoRankrdquo)
VA-TURF
Computation for Overall Vulnerability
H M L
VA-TURF
41
NEXT STEPS
ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)
VA-TURF
42
NEXT STEPS
REDUCE Sensitivity amp
Exposure (POTENTIAL
IMPACT)
INCREASE Adaptive Capacity
REDUCE Vulnerability
High Medium
Medium Low
Low Not Vulnerable
INCREASE Resilience
VA-TURF
43
bull Reducing fishing mortality
bull Enhancing stock recovery
bull Sustainable fisheries use
bull Threat reduction on ecosystems
bull Organizing fisher communities
bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity
bull EAFM development with equitability
bull Diversifying livelihood options
Alintildeo et al 2012
ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
44
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
45
NEXT STEPS
Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
47
Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism
Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming
bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors
(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)
CASE STUDY
48
WAVE EXPOSURE
CASE STUDY
49
Fisheries
Reef ecosystem
Socio- economic
Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries
Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats
High population density
VA-TURF
50
ACTIONS
How does the action
reduce vulnerabil
ity (darrPIuarrAC)
UR
GEN
CY
What is needed for implementation
CA
PAC
ITY
Are there
potential negative impacts
(YN)
What is the value added to
address CC concerns
List benefits
eg ecological
socio-economic
Soci
o-
eco
no
mic
Eco
logi
cal
Go
vern
ance
Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)
uarrAC 3
Establish Marine Park coordinates
Establish Marine Park coordinates
3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats
Socio-economic ecological
Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)
darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side
Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance
3 N Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human)
Regulate water sports (island)
darrPI 3
Assess areas where water sports exist
Review for legal basis for zonation
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning
Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat
Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Sustainable fisheries
Stricter implementation
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards
Protect lives livelihood
Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)
uarrAC darrPI 2
Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)
2 Y Natural buffers to erosion
Protection against erosion
51
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
52
POST VA ACTIVITIES
Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone
Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin
Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay
Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay
Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod
SUMMARY
53
bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries
bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation
bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area
SUMMARY
54
bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries
bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact
55
CLIMATE CHANGE
We can do something about it will
56
Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters
Thank you
Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph
OBJECTIVES
bull To identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull To demonstrate how to link vulnerability assessment results to climate change adaptation
bull To draft action plans towards reducing vulnerability
19
VA-TURF
VA-TURF
20
VA-TURF FEATURES
bull Target end-users Local stakeholders
bull Spatial scale Fishing village or barangay
bull Climate Change hazards considered Waves and storm surge SST
Required data is accessible or easily generated
Analysis (Scoring and ranking) is simple devoid of complicated mathematical equations
Assessment is participatory
Assists in decision-making for the local adaptation strategies
21
VA-TURF FRAMEWORK
22
exposure sensitivity
potential
impact
adaptive
capacity
vulnerability
The extent to which a
regionresource community
experiences changes in climate The degree to which a
system is affected
byresponsive to
climate changes
The ability to
moderate
potential harm
take advantage of
opportunities or
cope with
consequences of
exposure
Sources in OECD 2006
All impacts that may occur
given a projected change in
climate without
considering adaptation
The extent to which a natural system or human society is unable to
cope with the negative impacts of climate change variability and
extremes
Slide courtesy of P Marshall GRMPA Sources in OECD 2006
VA-TURF
23
FRAMEWORK
Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393
Fisheries
Reef Ecosystem
Socioeconomic
VA-TURF
24
FRAMEWORK
Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393
VA-TURF
25
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
26
David Borja Villanoy Hilario Alino 2012 for submission Climatic Change
Wave (Relative Exposure Index)
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
bull Input data
ndash Gridded bathymetry
ndash Digital coastline
ndash Wind data
bull Calculated using WEMo (Wave Exposure Model) (httpwwwccfhrnoaagovstressorswemo)
27
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
28 Source Villanoy CL et al (2013) Chapter 3 Exposure Waves and storm surges In Vulnerability Assessment Tools for Coastal Ecosystem A Guidebook MERF Quezon City
SENSITIVITY
29
VA-TURF FISHERIES
30
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Dominant catches Pelagics (tuna mackerel etc)
Mix of demersal and pelagic species
Demersal species (eg grouper)
Catch rate gt8 kgfisherday 3 to 8 kgfisherday
lt3 kgfisherday
Gear habitat dependence
Mostly mobile gears (eg drift gill nets)
Presence of both types
Habitat-associated gears (eg fixed on seagrass beds)
VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM
31
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Wave-tolerant species relative to total abundance
Pectoral-swimming fishes (labrids scarids acanthurids) greater than 50
Mix of site-attached and mobile fish species 15-50 pectoral swimming fish
Abundant site-attached butteflyfish angelfish damselfish lt15 pectoral swimming fish
Density of coral dependent fish species (Butterflyfish)
lt5 of the total density
5 to 10 of the total density
gt10 of the total density
Coral cover gt50 coral cover 25 to 50 coral cover
lt25 coral cover
VA-TURF SOCIO-ECONOMIC
32
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Population density lt200 individualskm2
(not crowded sparsely distributed)
200 to 400 individualskm2 (moderately crowded)
gt400 individualskm2 (very crowded)
Fisheries ecosystem dependency
lt15 of total population are fishers
15 to 30 of total population are fishers
gt30 of total population are fishers
ADAPTIVE CAPACITY
33
VA-TURF FISHERIES
34
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Habitat size( fishing grounds)
Small (relative to the waters)
Intermediate size Large
Average sizeamount of catch
Mostly small immature fishes
Abundance of small but with few large fishes
Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)
Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries
Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)
Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence
Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence
Change in catch composition
Considerable changes in the last two decades
Few changes in the last two decades
No change in catch composition
VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM
35
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)
Small reef areas fragmented
Intermediate size of areas
Large reef areas
Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)
Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats
One habitat is of poor quality or very far
Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions
VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC
36
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Annual per capita income from fisheries
Below the provincial poverty threshold
Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Fishers with other sources of income
lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood
40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income
gt60 of fishers have other sources of income
Total amount of all income
Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold
Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Computation for Potential Impact (PI)
Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo
(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
From exposure (E) model 1 3
2 4 Use S and E to derive
VA-TURF
37
Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)
Add the scores of the components of
ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in
ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1
2
PI score (from previous
slide)
3
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
4 Use AC and PI to derive
VA-TURF
Reference to derive
ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2
Reference to derive
ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3
1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories
(ldquoRankrdquo)
VA-TURF
Computation for Overall Vulnerability
H M L
VA-TURF
41
NEXT STEPS
ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)
VA-TURF
42
NEXT STEPS
REDUCE Sensitivity amp
Exposure (POTENTIAL
IMPACT)
INCREASE Adaptive Capacity
REDUCE Vulnerability
High Medium
Medium Low
Low Not Vulnerable
INCREASE Resilience
VA-TURF
43
bull Reducing fishing mortality
bull Enhancing stock recovery
bull Sustainable fisheries use
bull Threat reduction on ecosystems
bull Organizing fisher communities
bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity
bull EAFM development with equitability
bull Diversifying livelihood options
Alintildeo et al 2012
ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
44
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
45
NEXT STEPS
Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
47
Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism
Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming
bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors
(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)
CASE STUDY
48
WAVE EXPOSURE
CASE STUDY
49
Fisheries
Reef ecosystem
Socio- economic
Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries
Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats
High population density
VA-TURF
50
ACTIONS
How does the action
reduce vulnerabil
ity (darrPIuarrAC)
UR
GEN
CY
What is needed for implementation
CA
PAC
ITY
Are there
potential negative impacts
(YN)
What is the value added to
address CC concerns
List benefits
eg ecological
socio-economic
Soci
o-
eco
no
mic
Eco
logi
cal
Go
vern
ance
Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)
uarrAC 3
Establish Marine Park coordinates
Establish Marine Park coordinates
3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats
Socio-economic ecological
Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)
darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side
Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance
3 N Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human)
Regulate water sports (island)
darrPI 3
Assess areas where water sports exist
Review for legal basis for zonation
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning
Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat
Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Sustainable fisheries
Stricter implementation
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards
Protect lives livelihood
Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)
uarrAC darrPI 2
Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)
2 Y Natural buffers to erosion
Protection against erosion
51
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
52
POST VA ACTIVITIES
Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone
Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin
Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay
Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay
Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod
SUMMARY
53
bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries
bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation
bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area
SUMMARY
54
bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries
bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact
55
CLIMATE CHANGE
We can do something about it will
56
Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters
Thank you
Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph
VA-TURF
20
VA-TURF FEATURES
bull Target end-users Local stakeholders
bull Spatial scale Fishing village or barangay
bull Climate Change hazards considered Waves and storm surge SST
Required data is accessible or easily generated
Analysis (Scoring and ranking) is simple devoid of complicated mathematical equations
Assessment is participatory
Assists in decision-making for the local adaptation strategies
21
VA-TURF FRAMEWORK
22
exposure sensitivity
potential
impact
adaptive
capacity
vulnerability
The extent to which a
regionresource community
experiences changes in climate The degree to which a
system is affected
byresponsive to
climate changes
The ability to
moderate
potential harm
take advantage of
opportunities or
cope with
consequences of
exposure
Sources in OECD 2006
All impacts that may occur
given a projected change in
climate without
considering adaptation
The extent to which a natural system or human society is unable to
cope with the negative impacts of climate change variability and
extremes
Slide courtesy of P Marshall GRMPA Sources in OECD 2006
VA-TURF
23
FRAMEWORK
Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393
Fisheries
Reef Ecosystem
Socioeconomic
VA-TURF
24
FRAMEWORK
Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393
VA-TURF
25
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
26
David Borja Villanoy Hilario Alino 2012 for submission Climatic Change
Wave (Relative Exposure Index)
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
bull Input data
ndash Gridded bathymetry
ndash Digital coastline
ndash Wind data
bull Calculated using WEMo (Wave Exposure Model) (httpwwwccfhrnoaagovstressorswemo)
27
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
28 Source Villanoy CL et al (2013) Chapter 3 Exposure Waves and storm surges In Vulnerability Assessment Tools for Coastal Ecosystem A Guidebook MERF Quezon City
SENSITIVITY
29
VA-TURF FISHERIES
30
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Dominant catches Pelagics (tuna mackerel etc)
Mix of demersal and pelagic species
Demersal species (eg grouper)
Catch rate gt8 kgfisherday 3 to 8 kgfisherday
lt3 kgfisherday
Gear habitat dependence
Mostly mobile gears (eg drift gill nets)
Presence of both types
Habitat-associated gears (eg fixed on seagrass beds)
VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM
31
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Wave-tolerant species relative to total abundance
Pectoral-swimming fishes (labrids scarids acanthurids) greater than 50
Mix of site-attached and mobile fish species 15-50 pectoral swimming fish
Abundant site-attached butteflyfish angelfish damselfish lt15 pectoral swimming fish
Density of coral dependent fish species (Butterflyfish)
lt5 of the total density
5 to 10 of the total density
gt10 of the total density
Coral cover gt50 coral cover 25 to 50 coral cover
lt25 coral cover
VA-TURF SOCIO-ECONOMIC
32
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Population density lt200 individualskm2
(not crowded sparsely distributed)
200 to 400 individualskm2 (moderately crowded)
gt400 individualskm2 (very crowded)
Fisheries ecosystem dependency
lt15 of total population are fishers
15 to 30 of total population are fishers
gt30 of total population are fishers
ADAPTIVE CAPACITY
33
VA-TURF FISHERIES
34
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Habitat size( fishing grounds)
Small (relative to the waters)
Intermediate size Large
Average sizeamount of catch
Mostly small immature fishes
Abundance of small but with few large fishes
Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)
Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries
Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)
Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence
Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence
Change in catch composition
Considerable changes in the last two decades
Few changes in the last two decades
No change in catch composition
VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM
35
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)
Small reef areas fragmented
Intermediate size of areas
Large reef areas
Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)
Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats
One habitat is of poor quality or very far
Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions
VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC
36
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Annual per capita income from fisheries
Below the provincial poverty threshold
Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Fishers with other sources of income
lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood
40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income
gt60 of fishers have other sources of income
Total amount of all income
Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold
Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Computation for Potential Impact (PI)
Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo
(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
From exposure (E) model 1 3
2 4 Use S and E to derive
VA-TURF
37
Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)
Add the scores of the components of
ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in
ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1
2
PI score (from previous
slide)
3
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
4 Use AC and PI to derive
VA-TURF
Reference to derive
ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2
Reference to derive
ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3
1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories
(ldquoRankrdquo)
VA-TURF
Computation for Overall Vulnerability
H M L
VA-TURF
41
NEXT STEPS
ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)
VA-TURF
42
NEXT STEPS
REDUCE Sensitivity amp
Exposure (POTENTIAL
IMPACT)
INCREASE Adaptive Capacity
REDUCE Vulnerability
High Medium
Medium Low
Low Not Vulnerable
INCREASE Resilience
VA-TURF
43
bull Reducing fishing mortality
bull Enhancing stock recovery
bull Sustainable fisheries use
bull Threat reduction on ecosystems
bull Organizing fisher communities
bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity
bull EAFM development with equitability
bull Diversifying livelihood options
Alintildeo et al 2012
ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
44
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
45
NEXT STEPS
Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
47
Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism
Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming
bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors
(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)
CASE STUDY
48
WAVE EXPOSURE
CASE STUDY
49
Fisheries
Reef ecosystem
Socio- economic
Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries
Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats
High population density
VA-TURF
50
ACTIONS
How does the action
reduce vulnerabil
ity (darrPIuarrAC)
UR
GEN
CY
What is needed for implementation
CA
PAC
ITY
Are there
potential negative impacts
(YN)
What is the value added to
address CC concerns
List benefits
eg ecological
socio-economic
Soci
o-
eco
no
mic
Eco
logi
cal
Go
vern
ance
Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)
uarrAC 3
Establish Marine Park coordinates
Establish Marine Park coordinates
3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats
Socio-economic ecological
Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)
darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side
Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance
3 N Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human)
Regulate water sports (island)
darrPI 3
Assess areas where water sports exist
Review for legal basis for zonation
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning
Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat
Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Sustainable fisheries
Stricter implementation
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards
Protect lives livelihood
Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)
uarrAC darrPI 2
Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)
2 Y Natural buffers to erosion
Protection against erosion
51
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
52
POST VA ACTIVITIES
Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone
Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin
Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay
Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay
Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod
SUMMARY
53
bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries
bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation
bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area
SUMMARY
54
bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries
bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact
55
CLIMATE CHANGE
We can do something about it will
56
Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters
Thank you
Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph
VA-TURF FEATURES
bull Target end-users Local stakeholders
bull Spatial scale Fishing village or barangay
bull Climate Change hazards considered Waves and storm surge SST
Required data is accessible or easily generated
Analysis (Scoring and ranking) is simple devoid of complicated mathematical equations
Assessment is participatory
Assists in decision-making for the local adaptation strategies
21
VA-TURF FRAMEWORK
22
exposure sensitivity
potential
impact
adaptive
capacity
vulnerability
The extent to which a
regionresource community
experiences changes in climate The degree to which a
system is affected
byresponsive to
climate changes
The ability to
moderate
potential harm
take advantage of
opportunities or
cope with
consequences of
exposure
Sources in OECD 2006
All impacts that may occur
given a projected change in
climate without
considering adaptation
The extent to which a natural system or human society is unable to
cope with the negative impacts of climate change variability and
extremes
Slide courtesy of P Marshall GRMPA Sources in OECD 2006
VA-TURF
23
FRAMEWORK
Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393
Fisheries
Reef Ecosystem
Socioeconomic
VA-TURF
24
FRAMEWORK
Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393
VA-TURF
25
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
26
David Borja Villanoy Hilario Alino 2012 for submission Climatic Change
Wave (Relative Exposure Index)
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
bull Input data
ndash Gridded bathymetry
ndash Digital coastline
ndash Wind data
bull Calculated using WEMo (Wave Exposure Model) (httpwwwccfhrnoaagovstressorswemo)
27
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
28 Source Villanoy CL et al (2013) Chapter 3 Exposure Waves and storm surges In Vulnerability Assessment Tools for Coastal Ecosystem A Guidebook MERF Quezon City
SENSITIVITY
29
VA-TURF FISHERIES
30
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Dominant catches Pelagics (tuna mackerel etc)
Mix of demersal and pelagic species
Demersal species (eg grouper)
Catch rate gt8 kgfisherday 3 to 8 kgfisherday
lt3 kgfisherday
Gear habitat dependence
Mostly mobile gears (eg drift gill nets)
Presence of both types
Habitat-associated gears (eg fixed on seagrass beds)
VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM
31
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Wave-tolerant species relative to total abundance
Pectoral-swimming fishes (labrids scarids acanthurids) greater than 50
Mix of site-attached and mobile fish species 15-50 pectoral swimming fish
Abundant site-attached butteflyfish angelfish damselfish lt15 pectoral swimming fish
Density of coral dependent fish species (Butterflyfish)
lt5 of the total density
5 to 10 of the total density
gt10 of the total density
Coral cover gt50 coral cover 25 to 50 coral cover
lt25 coral cover
VA-TURF SOCIO-ECONOMIC
32
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Population density lt200 individualskm2
(not crowded sparsely distributed)
200 to 400 individualskm2 (moderately crowded)
gt400 individualskm2 (very crowded)
Fisheries ecosystem dependency
lt15 of total population are fishers
15 to 30 of total population are fishers
gt30 of total population are fishers
ADAPTIVE CAPACITY
33
VA-TURF FISHERIES
34
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Habitat size( fishing grounds)
Small (relative to the waters)
Intermediate size Large
Average sizeamount of catch
Mostly small immature fishes
Abundance of small but with few large fishes
Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)
Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries
Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)
Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence
Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence
Change in catch composition
Considerable changes in the last two decades
Few changes in the last two decades
No change in catch composition
VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM
35
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)
Small reef areas fragmented
Intermediate size of areas
Large reef areas
Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)
Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats
One habitat is of poor quality or very far
Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions
VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC
36
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Annual per capita income from fisheries
Below the provincial poverty threshold
Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Fishers with other sources of income
lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood
40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income
gt60 of fishers have other sources of income
Total amount of all income
Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold
Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Computation for Potential Impact (PI)
Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo
(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
From exposure (E) model 1 3
2 4 Use S and E to derive
VA-TURF
37
Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)
Add the scores of the components of
ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in
ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1
2
PI score (from previous
slide)
3
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
4 Use AC and PI to derive
VA-TURF
Reference to derive
ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2
Reference to derive
ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3
1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories
(ldquoRankrdquo)
VA-TURF
Computation for Overall Vulnerability
H M L
VA-TURF
41
NEXT STEPS
ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)
VA-TURF
42
NEXT STEPS
REDUCE Sensitivity amp
Exposure (POTENTIAL
IMPACT)
INCREASE Adaptive Capacity
REDUCE Vulnerability
High Medium
Medium Low
Low Not Vulnerable
INCREASE Resilience
VA-TURF
43
bull Reducing fishing mortality
bull Enhancing stock recovery
bull Sustainable fisheries use
bull Threat reduction on ecosystems
bull Organizing fisher communities
bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity
bull EAFM development with equitability
bull Diversifying livelihood options
Alintildeo et al 2012
ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
44
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
45
NEXT STEPS
Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
47
Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism
Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming
bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors
(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)
CASE STUDY
48
WAVE EXPOSURE
CASE STUDY
49
Fisheries
Reef ecosystem
Socio- economic
Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries
Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats
High population density
VA-TURF
50
ACTIONS
How does the action
reduce vulnerabil
ity (darrPIuarrAC)
UR
GEN
CY
What is needed for implementation
CA
PAC
ITY
Are there
potential negative impacts
(YN)
What is the value added to
address CC concerns
List benefits
eg ecological
socio-economic
Soci
o-
eco
no
mic
Eco
logi
cal
Go
vern
ance
Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)
uarrAC 3
Establish Marine Park coordinates
Establish Marine Park coordinates
3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats
Socio-economic ecological
Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)
darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side
Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance
3 N Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human)
Regulate water sports (island)
darrPI 3
Assess areas where water sports exist
Review for legal basis for zonation
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning
Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat
Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Sustainable fisheries
Stricter implementation
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards
Protect lives livelihood
Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)
uarrAC darrPI 2
Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)
2 Y Natural buffers to erosion
Protection against erosion
51
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
52
POST VA ACTIVITIES
Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone
Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin
Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay
Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay
Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod
SUMMARY
53
bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries
bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation
bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area
SUMMARY
54
bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries
bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact
55
CLIMATE CHANGE
We can do something about it will
56
Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters
Thank you
Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph
VA-TURF FRAMEWORK
22
exposure sensitivity
potential
impact
adaptive
capacity
vulnerability
The extent to which a
regionresource community
experiences changes in climate The degree to which a
system is affected
byresponsive to
climate changes
The ability to
moderate
potential harm
take advantage of
opportunities or
cope with
consequences of
exposure
Sources in OECD 2006
All impacts that may occur
given a projected change in
climate without
considering adaptation
The extent to which a natural system or human society is unable to
cope with the negative impacts of climate change variability and
extremes
Slide courtesy of P Marshall GRMPA Sources in OECD 2006
VA-TURF
23
FRAMEWORK
Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393
Fisheries
Reef Ecosystem
Socioeconomic
VA-TURF
24
FRAMEWORK
Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393
VA-TURF
25
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
26
David Borja Villanoy Hilario Alino 2012 for submission Climatic Change
Wave (Relative Exposure Index)
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
bull Input data
ndash Gridded bathymetry
ndash Digital coastline
ndash Wind data
bull Calculated using WEMo (Wave Exposure Model) (httpwwwccfhrnoaagovstressorswemo)
27
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
28 Source Villanoy CL et al (2013) Chapter 3 Exposure Waves and storm surges In Vulnerability Assessment Tools for Coastal Ecosystem A Guidebook MERF Quezon City
SENSITIVITY
29
VA-TURF FISHERIES
30
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Dominant catches Pelagics (tuna mackerel etc)
Mix of demersal and pelagic species
Demersal species (eg grouper)
Catch rate gt8 kgfisherday 3 to 8 kgfisherday
lt3 kgfisherday
Gear habitat dependence
Mostly mobile gears (eg drift gill nets)
Presence of both types
Habitat-associated gears (eg fixed on seagrass beds)
VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM
31
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Wave-tolerant species relative to total abundance
Pectoral-swimming fishes (labrids scarids acanthurids) greater than 50
Mix of site-attached and mobile fish species 15-50 pectoral swimming fish
Abundant site-attached butteflyfish angelfish damselfish lt15 pectoral swimming fish
Density of coral dependent fish species (Butterflyfish)
lt5 of the total density
5 to 10 of the total density
gt10 of the total density
Coral cover gt50 coral cover 25 to 50 coral cover
lt25 coral cover
VA-TURF SOCIO-ECONOMIC
32
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Population density lt200 individualskm2
(not crowded sparsely distributed)
200 to 400 individualskm2 (moderately crowded)
gt400 individualskm2 (very crowded)
Fisheries ecosystem dependency
lt15 of total population are fishers
15 to 30 of total population are fishers
gt30 of total population are fishers
ADAPTIVE CAPACITY
33
VA-TURF FISHERIES
34
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Habitat size( fishing grounds)
Small (relative to the waters)
Intermediate size Large
Average sizeamount of catch
Mostly small immature fishes
Abundance of small but with few large fishes
Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)
Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries
Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)
Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence
Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence
Change in catch composition
Considerable changes in the last two decades
Few changes in the last two decades
No change in catch composition
VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM
35
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)
Small reef areas fragmented
Intermediate size of areas
Large reef areas
Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)
Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats
One habitat is of poor quality or very far
Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions
VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC
36
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Annual per capita income from fisheries
Below the provincial poverty threshold
Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Fishers with other sources of income
lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood
40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income
gt60 of fishers have other sources of income
Total amount of all income
Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold
Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Computation for Potential Impact (PI)
Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo
(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
From exposure (E) model 1 3
2 4 Use S and E to derive
VA-TURF
37
Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)
Add the scores of the components of
ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in
ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1
2
PI score (from previous
slide)
3
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
4 Use AC and PI to derive
VA-TURF
Reference to derive
ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2
Reference to derive
ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3
1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories
(ldquoRankrdquo)
VA-TURF
Computation for Overall Vulnerability
H M L
VA-TURF
41
NEXT STEPS
ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)
VA-TURF
42
NEXT STEPS
REDUCE Sensitivity amp
Exposure (POTENTIAL
IMPACT)
INCREASE Adaptive Capacity
REDUCE Vulnerability
High Medium
Medium Low
Low Not Vulnerable
INCREASE Resilience
VA-TURF
43
bull Reducing fishing mortality
bull Enhancing stock recovery
bull Sustainable fisheries use
bull Threat reduction on ecosystems
bull Organizing fisher communities
bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity
bull EAFM development with equitability
bull Diversifying livelihood options
Alintildeo et al 2012
ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
44
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
45
NEXT STEPS
Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
47
Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism
Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming
bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors
(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)
CASE STUDY
48
WAVE EXPOSURE
CASE STUDY
49
Fisheries
Reef ecosystem
Socio- economic
Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries
Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats
High population density
VA-TURF
50
ACTIONS
How does the action
reduce vulnerabil
ity (darrPIuarrAC)
UR
GEN
CY
What is needed for implementation
CA
PAC
ITY
Are there
potential negative impacts
(YN)
What is the value added to
address CC concerns
List benefits
eg ecological
socio-economic
Soci
o-
eco
no
mic
Eco
logi
cal
Go
vern
ance
Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)
uarrAC 3
Establish Marine Park coordinates
Establish Marine Park coordinates
3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats
Socio-economic ecological
Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)
darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side
Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance
3 N Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human)
Regulate water sports (island)
darrPI 3
Assess areas where water sports exist
Review for legal basis for zonation
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning
Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat
Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Sustainable fisheries
Stricter implementation
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards
Protect lives livelihood
Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)
uarrAC darrPI 2
Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)
2 Y Natural buffers to erosion
Protection against erosion
51
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
52
POST VA ACTIVITIES
Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone
Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin
Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay
Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay
Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod
SUMMARY
53
bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries
bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation
bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area
SUMMARY
54
bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries
bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact
55
CLIMATE CHANGE
We can do something about it will
56
Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters
Thank you
Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph
VA-TURF
23
FRAMEWORK
Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393
Fisheries
Reef Ecosystem
Socioeconomic
VA-TURF
24
FRAMEWORK
Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393
VA-TURF
25
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
26
David Borja Villanoy Hilario Alino 2012 for submission Climatic Change
Wave (Relative Exposure Index)
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
bull Input data
ndash Gridded bathymetry
ndash Digital coastline
ndash Wind data
bull Calculated using WEMo (Wave Exposure Model) (httpwwwccfhrnoaagovstressorswemo)
27
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
28 Source Villanoy CL et al (2013) Chapter 3 Exposure Waves and storm surges In Vulnerability Assessment Tools for Coastal Ecosystem A Guidebook MERF Quezon City
SENSITIVITY
29
VA-TURF FISHERIES
30
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Dominant catches Pelagics (tuna mackerel etc)
Mix of demersal and pelagic species
Demersal species (eg grouper)
Catch rate gt8 kgfisherday 3 to 8 kgfisherday
lt3 kgfisherday
Gear habitat dependence
Mostly mobile gears (eg drift gill nets)
Presence of both types
Habitat-associated gears (eg fixed on seagrass beds)
VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM
31
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Wave-tolerant species relative to total abundance
Pectoral-swimming fishes (labrids scarids acanthurids) greater than 50
Mix of site-attached and mobile fish species 15-50 pectoral swimming fish
Abundant site-attached butteflyfish angelfish damselfish lt15 pectoral swimming fish
Density of coral dependent fish species (Butterflyfish)
lt5 of the total density
5 to 10 of the total density
gt10 of the total density
Coral cover gt50 coral cover 25 to 50 coral cover
lt25 coral cover
VA-TURF SOCIO-ECONOMIC
32
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Population density lt200 individualskm2
(not crowded sparsely distributed)
200 to 400 individualskm2 (moderately crowded)
gt400 individualskm2 (very crowded)
Fisheries ecosystem dependency
lt15 of total population are fishers
15 to 30 of total population are fishers
gt30 of total population are fishers
ADAPTIVE CAPACITY
33
VA-TURF FISHERIES
34
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Habitat size( fishing grounds)
Small (relative to the waters)
Intermediate size Large
Average sizeamount of catch
Mostly small immature fishes
Abundance of small but with few large fishes
Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)
Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries
Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)
Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence
Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence
Change in catch composition
Considerable changes in the last two decades
Few changes in the last two decades
No change in catch composition
VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM
35
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)
Small reef areas fragmented
Intermediate size of areas
Large reef areas
Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)
Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats
One habitat is of poor quality or very far
Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions
VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC
36
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Annual per capita income from fisheries
Below the provincial poverty threshold
Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Fishers with other sources of income
lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood
40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income
gt60 of fishers have other sources of income
Total amount of all income
Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold
Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Computation for Potential Impact (PI)
Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo
(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
From exposure (E) model 1 3
2 4 Use S and E to derive
VA-TURF
37
Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)
Add the scores of the components of
ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in
ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1
2
PI score (from previous
slide)
3
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
4 Use AC and PI to derive
VA-TURF
Reference to derive
ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2
Reference to derive
ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3
1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories
(ldquoRankrdquo)
VA-TURF
Computation for Overall Vulnerability
H M L
VA-TURF
41
NEXT STEPS
ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)
VA-TURF
42
NEXT STEPS
REDUCE Sensitivity amp
Exposure (POTENTIAL
IMPACT)
INCREASE Adaptive Capacity
REDUCE Vulnerability
High Medium
Medium Low
Low Not Vulnerable
INCREASE Resilience
VA-TURF
43
bull Reducing fishing mortality
bull Enhancing stock recovery
bull Sustainable fisheries use
bull Threat reduction on ecosystems
bull Organizing fisher communities
bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity
bull EAFM development with equitability
bull Diversifying livelihood options
Alintildeo et al 2012
ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
44
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
45
NEXT STEPS
Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
47
Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism
Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming
bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors
(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)
CASE STUDY
48
WAVE EXPOSURE
CASE STUDY
49
Fisheries
Reef ecosystem
Socio- economic
Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries
Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats
High population density
VA-TURF
50
ACTIONS
How does the action
reduce vulnerabil
ity (darrPIuarrAC)
UR
GEN
CY
What is needed for implementation
CA
PAC
ITY
Are there
potential negative impacts
(YN)
What is the value added to
address CC concerns
List benefits
eg ecological
socio-economic
Soci
o-
eco
no
mic
Eco
logi
cal
Go
vern
ance
Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)
uarrAC 3
Establish Marine Park coordinates
Establish Marine Park coordinates
3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats
Socio-economic ecological
Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)
darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side
Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance
3 N Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human)
Regulate water sports (island)
darrPI 3
Assess areas where water sports exist
Review for legal basis for zonation
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning
Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat
Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Sustainable fisheries
Stricter implementation
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards
Protect lives livelihood
Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)
uarrAC darrPI 2
Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)
2 Y Natural buffers to erosion
Protection against erosion
51
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
52
POST VA ACTIVITIES
Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone
Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin
Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay
Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay
Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod
SUMMARY
53
bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries
bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation
bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area
SUMMARY
54
bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries
bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact
55
CLIMATE CHANGE
We can do something about it will
56
Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters
Thank you
Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph
VA-TURF
24
FRAMEWORK
Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393
VA-TURF
25
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
26
David Borja Villanoy Hilario Alino 2012 for submission Climatic Change
Wave (Relative Exposure Index)
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
bull Input data
ndash Gridded bathymetry
ndash Digital coastline
ndash Wind data
bull Calculated using WEMo (Wave Exposure Model) (httpwwwccfhrnoaagovstressorswemo)
27
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
28 Source Villanoy CL et al (2013) Chapter 3 Exposure Waves and storm surges In Vulnerability Assessment Tools for Coastal Ecosystem A Guidebook MERF Quezon City
SENSITIVITY
29
VA-TURF FISHERIES
30
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Dominant catches Pelagics (tuna mackerel etc)
Mix of demersal and pelagic species
Demersal species (eg grouper)
Catch rate gt8 kgfisherday 3 to 8 kgfisherday
lt3 kgfisherday
Gear habitat dependence
Mostly mobile gears (eg drift gill nets)
Presence of both types
Habitat-associated gears (eg fixed on seagrass beds)
VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM
31
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Wave-tolerant species relative to total abundance
Pectoral-swimming fishes (labrids scarids acanthurids) greater than 50
Mix of site-attached and mobile fish species 15-50 pectoral swimming fish
Abundant site-attached butteflyfish angelfish damselfish lt15 pectoral swimming fish
Density of coral dependent fish species (Butterflyfish)
lt5 of the total density
5 to 10 of the total density
gt10 of the total density
Coral cover gt50 coral cover 25 to 50 coral cover
lt25 coral cover
VA-TURF SOCIO-ECONOMIC
32
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Population density lt200 individualskm2
(not crowded sparsely distributed)
200 to 400 individualskm2 (moderately crowded)
gt400 individualskm2 (very crowded)
Fisheries ecosystem dependency
lt15 of total population are fishers
15 to 30 of total population are fishers
gt30 of total population are fishers
ADAPTIVE CAPACITY
33
VA-TURF FISHERIES
34
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Habitat size( fishing grounds)
Small (relative to the waters)
Intermediate size Large
Average sizeamount of catch
Mostly small immature fishes
Abundance of small but with few large fishes
Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)
Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries
Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)
Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence
Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence
Change in catch composition
Considerable changes in the last two decades
Few changes in the last two decades
No change in catch composition
VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM
35
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)
Small reef areas fragmented
Intermediate size of areas
Large reef areas
Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)
Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats
One habitat is of poor quality or very far
Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions
VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC
36
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Annual per capita income from fisheries
Below the provincial poverty threshold
Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Fishers with other sources of income
lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood
40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income
gt60 of fishers have other sources of income
Total amount of all income
Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold
Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Computation for Potential Impact (PI)
Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo
(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
From exposure (E) model 1 3
2 4 Use S and E to derive
VA-TURF
37
Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)
Add the scores of the components of
ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in
ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1
2
PI score (from previous
slide)
3
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
4 Use AC and PI to derive
VA-TURF
Reference to derive
ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2
Reference to derive
ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3
1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories
(ldquoRankrdquo)
VA-TURF
Computation for Overall Vulnerability
H M L
VA-TURF
41
NEXT STEPS
ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)
VA-TURF
42
NEXT STEPS
REDUCE Sensitivity amp
Exposure (POTENTIAL
IMPACT)
INCREASE Adaptive Capacity
REDUCE Vulnerability
High Medium
Medium Low
Low Not Vulnerable
INCREASE Resilience
VA-TURF
43
bull Reducing fishing mortality
bull Enhancing stock recovery
bull Sustainable fisheries use
bull Threat reduction on ecosystems
bull Organizing fisher communities
bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity
bull EAFM development with equitability
bull Diversifying livelihood options
Alintildeo et al 2012
ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
44
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
45
NEXT STEPS
Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
47
Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism
Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming
bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors
(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)
CASE STUDY
48
WAVE EXPOSURE
CASE STUDY
49
Fisheries
Reef ecosystem
Socio- economic
Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries
Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats
High population density
VA-TURF
50
ACTIONS
How does the action
reduce vulnerabil
ity (darrPIuarrAC)
UR
GEN
CY
What is needed for implementation
CA
PAC
ITY
Are there
potential negative impacts
(YN)
What is the value added to
address CC concerns
List benefits
eg ecological
socio-economic
Soci
o-
eco
no
mic
Eco
logi
cal
Go
vern
ance
Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)
uarrAC 3
Establish Marine Park coordinates
Establish Marine Park coordinates
3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats
Socio-economic ecological
Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)
darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side
Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance
3 N Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human)
Regulate water sports (island)
darrPI 3
Assess areas where water sports exist
Review for legal basis for zonation
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning
Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat
Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Sustainable fisheries
Stricter implementation
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards
Protect lives livelihood
Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)
uarrAC darrPI 2
Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)
2 Y Natural buffers to erosion
Protection against erosion
51
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
52
POST VA ACTIVITIES
Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone
Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin
Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay
Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay
Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod
SUMMARY
53
bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries
bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation
bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area
SUMMARY
54
bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries
bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact
55
CLIMATE CHANGE
We can do something about it will
56
Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters
Thank you
Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph
VA-TURF
25
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
26
David Borja Villanoy Hilario Alino 2012 for submission Climatic Change
Wave (Relative Exposure Index)
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
bull Input data
ndash Gridded bathymetry
ndash Digital coastline
ndash Wind data
bull Calculated using WEMo (Wave Exposure Model) (httpwwwccfhrnoaagovstressorswemo)
27
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
28 Source Villanoy CL et al (2013) Chapter 3 Exposure Waves and storm surges In Vulnerability Assessment Tools for Coastal Ecosystem A Guidebook MERF Quezon City
SENSITIVITY
29
VA-TURF FISHERIES
30
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Dominant catches Pelagics (tuna mackerel etc)
Mix of demersal and pelagic species
Demersal species (eg grouper)
Catch rate gt8 kgfisherday 3 to 8 kgfisherday
lt3 kgfisherday
Gear habitat dependence
Mostly mobile gears (eg drift gill nets)
Presence of both types
Habitat-associated gears (eg fixed on seagrass beds)
VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM
31
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Wave-tolerant species relative to total abundance
Pectoral-swimming fishes (labrids scarids acanthurids) greater than 50
Mix of site-attached and mobile fish species 15-50 pectoral swimming fish
Abundant site-attached butteflyfish angelfish damselfish lt15 pectoral swimming fish
Density of coral dependent fish species (Butterflyfish)
lt5 of the total density
5 to 10 of the total density
gt10 of the total density
Coral cover gt50 coral cover 25 to 50 coral cover
lt25 coral cover
VA-TURF SOCIO-ECONOMIC
32
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Population density lt200 individualskm2
(not crowded sparsely distributed)
200 to 400 individualskm2 (moderately crowded)
gt400 individualskm2 (very crowded)
Fisheries ecosystem dependency
lt15 of total population are fishers
15 to 30 of total population are fishers
gt30 of total population are fishers
ADAPTIVE CAPACITY
33
VA-TURF FISHERIES
34
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Habitat size( fishing grounds)
Small (relative to the waters)
Intermediate size Large
Average sizeamount of catch
Mostly small immature fishes
Abundance of small but with few large fishes
Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)
Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries
Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)
Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence
Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence
Change in catch composition
Considerable changes in the last two decades
Few changes in the last two decades
No change in catch composition
VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM
35
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)
Small reef areas fragmented
Intermediate size of areas
Large reef areas
Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)
Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats
One habitat is of poor quality or very far
Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions
VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC
36
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Annual per capita income from fisheries
Below the provincial poverty threshold
Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Fishers with other sources of income
lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood
40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income
gt60 of fishers have other sources of income
Total amount of all income
Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold
Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Computation for Potential Impact (PI)
Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo
(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
From exposure (E) model 1 3
2 4 Use S and E to derive
VA-TURF
37
Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)
Add the scores of the components of
ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in
ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1
2
PI score (from previous
slide)
3
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
4 Use AC and PI to derive
VA-TURF
Reference to derive
ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2
Reference to derive
ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3
1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories
(ldquoRankrdquo)
VA-TURF
Computation for Overall Vulnerability
H M L
VA-TURF
41
NEXT STEPS
ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)
VA-TURF
42
NEXT STEPS
REDUCE Sensitivity amp
Exposure (POTENTIAL
IMPACT)
INCREASE Adaptive Capacity
REDUCE Vulnerability
High Medium
Medium Low
Low Not Vulnerable
INCREASE Resilience
VA-TURF
43
bull Reducing fishing mortality
bull Enhancing stock recovery
bull Sustainable fisheries use
bull Threat reduction on ecosystems
bull Organizing fisher communities
bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity
bull EAFM development with equitability
bull Diversifying livelihood options
Alintildeo et al 2012
ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
44
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
45
NEXT STEPS
Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
47
Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism
Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming
bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors
(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)
CASE STUDY
48
WAVE EXPOSURE
CASE STUDY
49
Fisheries
Reef ecosystem
Socio- economic
Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries
Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats
High population density
VA-TURF
50
ACTIONS
How does the action
reduce vulnerabil
ity (darrPIuarrAC)
UR
GEN
CY
What is needed for implementation
CA
PAC
ITY
Are there
potential negative impacts
(YN)
What is the value added to
address CC concerns
List benefits
eg ecological
socio-economic
Soci
o-
eco
no
mic
Eco
logi
cal
Go
vern
ance
Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)
uarrAC 3
Establish Marine Park coordinates
Establish Marine Park coordinates
3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats
Socio-economic ecological
Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)
darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side
Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance
3 N Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human)
Regulate water sports (island)
darrPI 3
Assess areas where water sports exist
Review for legal basis for zonation
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning
Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat
Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Sustainable fisheries
Stricter implementation
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards
Protect lives livelihood
Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)
uarrAC darrPI 2
Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)
2 Y Natural buffers to erosion
Protection against erosion
51
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
52
POST VA ACTIVITIES
Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone
Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin
Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay
Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay
Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod
SUMMARY
53
bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries
bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation
bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area
SUMMARY
54
bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries
bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact
55
CLIMATE CHANGE
We can do something about it will
56
Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters
Thank you
Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
26
David Borja Villanoy Hilario Alino 2012 for submission Climatic Change
Wave (Relative Exposure Index)
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
bull Input data
ndash Gridded bathymetry
ndash Digital coastline
ndash Wind data
bull Calculated using WEMo (Wave Exposure Model) (httpwwwccfhrnoaagovstressorswemo)
27
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
28 Source Villanoy CL et al (2013) Chapter 3 Exposure Waves and storm surges In Vulnerability Assessment Tools for Coastal Ecosystem A Guidebook MERF Quezon City
SENSITIVITY
29
VA-TURF FISHERIES
30
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Dominant catches Pelagics (tuna mackerel etc)
Mix of demersal and pelagic species
Demersal species (eg grouper)
Catch rate gt8 kgfisherday 3 to 8 kgfisherday
lt3 kgfisherday
Gear habitat dependence
Mostly mobile gears (eg drift gill nets)
Presence of both types
Habitat-associated gears (eg fixed on seagrass beds)
VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM
31
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Wave-tolerant species relative to total abundance
Pectoral-swimming fishes (labrids scarids acanthurids) greater than 50
Mix of site-attached and mobile fish species 15-50 pectoral swimming fish
Abundant site-attached butteflyfish angelfish damselfish lt15 pectoral swimming fish
Density of coral dependent fish species (Butterflyfish)
lt5 of the total density
5 to 10 of the total density
gt10 of the total density
Coral cover gt50 coral cover 25 to 50 coral cover
lt25 coral cover
VA-TURF SOCIO-ECONOMIC
32
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Population density lt200 individualskm2
(not crowded sparsely distributed)
200 to 400 individualskm2 (moderately crowded)
gt400 individualskm2 (very crowded)
Fisheries ecosystem dependency
lt15 of total population are fishers
15 to 30 of total population are fishers
gt30 of total population are fishers
ADAPTIVE CAPACITY
33
VA-TURF FISHERIES
34
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Habitat size( fishing grounds)
Small (relative to the waters)
Intermediate size Large
Average sizeamount of catch
Mostly small immature fishes
Abundance of small but with few large fishes
Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)
Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries
Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)
Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence
Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence
Change in catch composition
Considerable changes in the last two decades
Few changes in the last two decades
No change in catch composition
VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM
35
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)
Small reef areas fragmented
Intermediate size of areas
Large reef areas
Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)
Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats
One habitat is of poor quality or very far
Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions
VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC
36
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Annual per capita income from fisheries
Below the provincial poverty threshold
Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Fishers with other sources of income
lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood
40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income
gt60 of fishers have other sources of income
Total amount of all income
Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold
Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Computation for Potential Impact (PI)
Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo
(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
From exposure (E) model 1 3
2 4 Use S and E to derive
VA-TURF
37
Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)
Add the scores of the components of
ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in
ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1
2
PI score (from previous
slide)
3
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
4 Use AC and PI to derive
VA-TURF
Reference to derive
ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2
Reference to derive
ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3
1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories
(ldquoRankrdquo)
VA-TURF
Computation for Overall Vulnerability
H M L
VA-TURF
41
NEXT STEPS
ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)
VA-TURF
42
NEXT STEPS
REDUCE Sensitivity amp
Exposure (POTENTIAL
IMPACT)
INCREASE Adaptive Capacity
REDUCE Vulnerability
High Medium
Medium Low
Low Not Vulnerable
INCREASE Resilience
VA-TURF
43
bull Reducing fishing mortality
bull Enhancing stock recovery
bull Sustainable fisheries use
bull Threat reduction on ecosystems
bull Organizing fisher communities
bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity
bull EAFM development with equitability
bull Diversifying livelihood options
Alintildeo et al 2012
ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
44
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
45
NEXT STEPS
Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
47
Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism
Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming
bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors
(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)
CASE STUDY
48
WAVE EXPOSURE
CASE STUDY
49
Fisheries
Reef ecosystem
Socio- economic
Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries
Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats
High population density
VA-TURF
50
ACTIONS
How does the action
reduce vulnerabil
ity (darrPIuarrAC)
UR
GEN
CY
What is needed for implementation
CA
PAC
ITY
Are there
potential negative impacts
(YN)
What is the value added to
address CC concerns
List benefits
eg ecological
socio-economic
Soci
o-
eco
no
mic
Eco
logi
cal
Go
vern
ance
Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)
uarrAC 3
Establish Marine Park coordinates
Establish Marine Park coordinates
3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats
Socio-economic ecological
Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)
darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side
Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance
3 N Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human)
Regulate water sports (island)
darrPI 3
Assess areas where water sports exist
Review for legal basis for zonation
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning
Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat
Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Sustainable fisheries
Stricter implementation
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards
Protect lives livelihood
Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)
uarrAC darrPI 2
Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)
2 Y Natural buffers to erosion
Protection against erosion
51
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
52
POST VA ACTIVITIES
Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone
Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin
Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay
Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay
Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod
SUMMARY
53
bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries
bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation
bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area
SUMMARY
54
bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries
bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact
55
CLIMATE CHANGE
We can do something about it will
56
Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters
Thank you
Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
bull Input data
ndash Gridded bathymetry
ndash Digital coastline
ndash Wind data
bull Calculated using WEMo (Wave Exposure Model) (httpwwwccfhrnoaagovstressorswemo)
27
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
28 Source Villanoy CL et al (2013) Chapter 3 Exposure Waves and storm surges In Vulnerability Assessment Tools for Coastal Ecosystem A Guidebook MERF Quezon City
SENSITIVITY
29
VA-TURF FISHERIES
30
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Dominant catches Pelagics (tuna mackerel etc)
Mix of demersal and pelagic species
Demersal species (eg grouper)
Catch rate gt8 kgfisherday 3 to 8 kgfisherday
lt3 kgfisherday
Gear habitat dependence
Mostly mobile gears (eg drift gill nets)
Presence of both types
Habitat-associated gears (eg fixed on seagrass beds)
VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM
31
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Wave-tolerant species relative to total abundance
Pectoral-swimming fishes (labrids scarids acanthurids) greater than 50
Mix of site-attached and mobile fish species 15-50 pectoral swimming fish
Abundant site-attached butteflyfish angelfish damselfish lt15 pectoral swimming fish
Density of coral dependent fish species (Butterflyfish)
lt5 of the total density
5 to 10 of the total density
gt10 of the total density
Coral cover gt50 coral cover 25 to 50 coral cover
lt25 coral cover
VA-TURF SOCIO-ECONOMIC
32
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Population density lt200 individualskm2
(not crowded sparsely distributed)
200 to 400 individualskm2 (moderately crowded)
gt400 individualskm2 (very crowded)
Fisheries ecosystem dependency
lt15 of total population are fishers
15 to 30 of total population are fishers
gt30 of total population are fishers
ADAPTIVE CAPACITY
33
VA-TURF FISHERIES
34
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Habitat size( fishing grounds)
Small (relative to the waters)
Intermediate size Large
Average sizeamount of catch
Mostly small immature fishes
Abundance of small but with few large fishes
Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)
Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries
Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)
Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence
Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence
Change in catch composition
Considerable changes in the last two decades
Few changes in the last two decades
No change in catch composition
VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM
35
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)
Small reef areas fragmented
Intermediate size of areas
Large reef areas
Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)
Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats
One habitat is of poor quality or very far
Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions
VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC
36
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Annual per capita income from fisheries
Below the provincial poverty threshold
Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Fishers with other sources of income
lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood
40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income
gt60 of fishers have other sources of income
Total amount of all income
Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold
Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Computation for Potential Impact (PI)
Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo
(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
From exposure (E) model 1 3
2 4 Use S and E to derive
VA-TURF
37
Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)
Add the scores of the components of
ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in
ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1
2
PI score (from previous
slide)
3
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
4 Use AC and PI to derive
VA-TURF
Reference to derive
ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2
Reference to derive
ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3
1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories
(ldquoRankrdquo)
VA-TURF
Computation for Overall Vulnerability
H M L
VA-TURF
41
NEXT STEPS
ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)
VA-TURF
42
NEXT STEPS
REDUCE Sensitivity amp
Exposure (POTENTIAL
IMPACT)
INCREASE Adaptive Capacity
REDUCE Vulnerability
High Medium
Medium Low
Low Not Vulnerable
INCREASE Resilience
VA-TURF
43
bull Reducing fishing mortality
bull Enhancing stock recovery
bull Sustainable fisheries use
bull Threat reduction on ecosystems
bull Organizing fisher communities
bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity
bull EAFM development with equitability
bull Diversifying livelihood options
Alintildeo et al 2012
ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
44
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
45
NEXT STEPS
Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
47
Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism
Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming
bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors
(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)
CASE STUDY
48
WAVE EXPOSURE
CASE STUDY
49
Fisheries
Reef ecosystem
Socio- economic
Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries
Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats
High population density
VA-TURF
50
ACTIONS
How does the action
reduce vulnerabil
ity (darrPIuarrAC)
UR
GEN
CY
What is needed for implementation
CA
PAC
ITY
Are there
potential negative impacts
(YN)
What is the value added to
address CC concerns
List benefits
eg ecological
socio-economic
Soci
o-
eco
no
mic
Eco
logi
cal
Go
vern
ance
Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)
uarrAC 3
Establish Marine Park coordinates
Establish Marine Park coordinates
3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats
Socio-economic ecological
Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)
darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side
Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance
3 N Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human)
Regulate water sports (island)
darrPI 3
Assess areas where water sports exist
Review for legal basis for zonation
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning
Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat
Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Sustainable fisheries
Stricter implementation
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards
Protect lives livelihood
Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)
uarrAC darrPI 2
Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)
2 Y Natural buffers to erosion
Protection against erosion
51
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
52
POST VA ACTIVITIES
Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone
Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin
Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay
Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay
Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod
SUMMARY
53
bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries
bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation
bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area
SUMMARY
54
bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries
bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact
55
CLIMATE CHANGE
We can do something about it will
56
Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters
Thank you
Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph
VA-TURF EXPOSURE
28 Source Villanoy CL et al (2013) Chapter 3 Exposure Waves and storm surges In Vulnerability Assessment Tools for Coastal Ecosystem A Guidebook MERF Quezon City
SENSITIVITY
29
VA-TURF FISHERIES
30
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Dominant catches Pelagics (tuna mackerel etc)
Mix of demersal and pelagic species
Demersal species (eg grouper)
Catch rate gt8 kgfisherday 3 to 8 kgfisherday
lt3 kgfisherday
Gear habitat dependence
Mostly mobile gears (eg drift gill nets)
Presence of both types
Habitat-associated gears (eg fixed on seagrass beds)
VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM
31
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Wave-tolerant species relative to total abundance
Pectoral-swimming fishes (labrids scarids acanthurids) greater than 50
Mix of site-attached and mobile fish species 15-50 pectoral swimming fish
Abundant site-attached butteflyfish angelfish damselfish lt15 pectoral swimming fish
Density of coral dependent fish species (Butterflyfish)
lt5 of the total density
5 to 10 of the total density
gt10 of the total density
Coral cover gt50 coral cover 25 to 50 coral cover
lt25 coral cover
VA-TURF SOCIO-ECONOMIC
32
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Population density lt200 individualskm2
(not crowded sparsely distributed)
200 to 400 individualskm2 (moderately crowded)
gt400 individualskm2 (very crowded)
Fisheries ecosystem dependency
lt15 of total population are fishers
15 to 30 of total population are fishers
gt30 of total population are fishers
ADAPTIVE CAPACITY
33
VA-TURF FISHERIES
34
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Habitat size( fishing grounds)
Small (relative to the waters)
Intermediate size Large
Average sizeamount of catch
Mostly small immature fishes
Abundance of small but with few large fishes
Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)
Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries
Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)
Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence
Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence
Change in catch composition
Considerable changes in the last two decades
Few changes in the last two decades
No change in catch composition
VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM
35
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)
Small reef areas fragmented
Intermediate size of areas
Large reef areas
Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)
Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats
One habitat is of poor quality or very far
Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions
VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC
36
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Annual per capita income from fisheries
Below the provincial poverty threshold
Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Fishers with other sources of income
lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood
40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income
gt60 of fishers have other sources of income
Total amount of all income
Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold
Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Computation for Potential Impact (PI)
Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo
(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
From exposure (E) model 1 3
2 4 Use S and E to derive
VA-TURF
37
Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)
Add the scores of the components of
ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in
ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1
2
PI score (from previous
slide)
3
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
4 Use AC and PI to derive
VA-TURF
Reference to derive
ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2
Reference to derive
ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3
1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories
(ldquoRankrdquo)
VA-TURF
Computation for Overall Vulnerability
H M L
VA-TURF
41
NEXT STEPS
ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)
VA-TURF
42
NEXT STEPS
REDUCE Sensitivity amp
Exposure (POTENTIAL
IMPACT)
INCREASE Adaptive Capacity
REDUCE Vulnerability
High Medium
Medium Low
Low Not Vulnerable
INCREASE Resilience
VA-TURF
43
bull Reducing fishing mortality
bull Enhancing stock recovery
bull Sustainable fisheries use
bull Threat reduction on ecosystems
bull Organizing fisher communities
bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity
bull EAFM development with equitability
bull Diversifying livelihood options
Alintildeo et al 2012
ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
44
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
45
NEXT STEPS
Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
47
Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism
Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming
bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors
(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)
CASE STUDY
48
WAVE EXPOSURE
CASE STUDY
49
Fisheries
Reef ecosystem
Socio- economic
Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries
Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats
High population density
VA-TURF
50
ACTIONS
How does the action
reduce vulnerabil
ity (darrPIuarrAC)
UR
GEN
CY
What is needed for implementation
CA
PAC
ITY
Are there
potential negative impacts
(YN)
What is the value added to
address CC concerns
List benefits
eg ecological
socio-economic
Soci
o-
eco
no
mic
Eco
logi
cal
Go
vern
ance
Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)
uarrAC 3
Establish Marine Park coordinates
Establish Marine Park coordinates
3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats
Socio-economic ecological
Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)
darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side
Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance
3 N Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human)
Regulate water sports (island)
darrPI 3
Assess areas where water sports exist
Review for legal basis for zonation
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning
Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat
Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Sustainable fisheries
Stricter implementation
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards
Protect lives livelihood
Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)
uarrAC darrPI 2
Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)
2 Y Natural buffers to erosion
Protection against erosion
51
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
52
POST VA ACTIVITIES
Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone
Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin
Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay
Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay
Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod
SUMMARY
53
bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries
bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation
bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area
SUMMARY
54
bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries
bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact
55
CLIMATE CHANGE
We can do something about it will
56
Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters
Thank you
Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph
SENSITIVITY
29
VA-TURF FISHERIES
30
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Dominant catches Pelagics (tuna mackerel etc)
Mix of demersal and pelagic species
Demersal species (eg grouper)
Catch rate gt8 kgfisherday 3 to 8 kgfisherday
lt3 kgfisherday
Gear habitat dependence
Mostly mobile gears (eg drift gill nets)
Presence of both types
Habitat-associated gears (eg fixed on seagrass beds)
VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM
31
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Wave-tolerant species relative to total abundance
Pectoral-swimming fishes (labrids scarids acanthurids) greater than 50
Mix of site-attached and mobile fish species 15-50 pectoral swimming fish
Abundant site-attached butteflyfish angelfish damselfish lt15 pectoral swimming fish
Density of coral dependent fish species (Butterflyfish)
lt5 of the total density
5 to 10 of the total density
gt10 of the total density
Coral cover gt50 coral cover 25 to 50 coral cover
lt25 coral cover
VA-TURF SOCIO-ECONOMIC
32
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Population density lt200 individualskm2
(not crowded sparsely distributed)
200 to 400 individualskm2 (moderately crowded)
gt400 individualskm2 (very crowded)
Fisheries ecosystem dependency
lt15 of total population are fishers
15 to 30 of total population are fishers
gt30 of total population are fishers
ADAPTIVE CAPACITY
33
VA-TURF FISHERIES
34
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Habitat size( fishing grounds)
Small (relative to the waters)
Intermediate size Large
Average sizeamount of catch
Mostly small immature fishes
Abundance of small but with few large fishes
Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)
Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries
Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)
Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence
Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence
Change in catch composition
Considerable changes in the last two decades
Few changes in the last two decades
No change in catch composition
VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM
35
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)
Small reef areas fragmented
Intermediate size of areas
Large reef areas
Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)
Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats
One habitat is of poor quality or very far
Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions
VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC
36
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Annual per capita income from fisheries
Below the provincial poverty threshold
Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Fishers with other sources of income
lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood
40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income
gt60 of fishers have other sources of income
Total amount of all income
Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold
Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Computation for Potential Impact (PI)
Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo
(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
From exposure (E) model 1 3
2 4 Use S and E to derive
VA-TURF
37
Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)
Add the scores of the components of
ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in
ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1
2
PI score (from previous
slide)
3
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
4 Use AC and PI to derive
VA-TURF
Reference to derive
ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2
Reference to derive
ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3
1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories
(ldquoRankrdquo)
VA-TURF
Computation for Overall Vulnerability
H M L
VA-TURF
41
NEXT STEPS
ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)
VA-TURF
42
NEXT STEPS
REDUCE Sensitivity amp
Exposure (POTENTIAL
IMPACT)
INCREASE Adaptive Capacity
REDUCE Vulnerability
High Medium
Medium Low
Low Not Vulnerable
INCREASE Resilience
VA-TURF
43
bull Reducing fishing mortality
bull Enhancing stock recovery
bull Sustainable fisheries use
bull Threat reduction on ecosystems
bull Organizing fisher communities
bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity
bull EAFM development with equitability
bull Diversifying livelihood options
Alintildeo et al 2012
ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
44
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
45
NEXT STEPS
Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
47
Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism
Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming
bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors
(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)
CASE STUDY
48
WAVE EXPOSURE
CASE STUDY
49
Fisheries
Reef ecosystem
Socio- economic
Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries
Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats
High population density
VA-TURF
50
ACTIONS
How does the action
reduce vulnerabil
ity (darrPIuarrAC)
UR
GEN
CY
What is needed for implementation
CA
PAC
ITY
Are there
potential negative impacts
(YN)
What is the value added to
address CC concerns
List benefits
eg ecological
socio-economic
Soci
o-
eco
no
mic
Eco
logi
cal
Go
vern
ance
Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)
uarrAC 3
Establish Marine Park coordinates
Establish Marine Park coordinates
3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats
Socio-economic ecological
Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)
darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side
Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance
3 N Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human)
Regulate water sports (island)
darrPI 3
Assess areas where water sports exist
Review for legal basis for zonation
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning
Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat
Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Sustainable fisheries
Stricter implementation
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards
Protect lives livelihood
Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)
uarrAC darrPI 2
Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)
2 Y Natural buffers to erosion
Protection against erosion
51
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
52
POST VA ACTIVITIES
Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone
Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin
Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay
Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay
Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod
SUMMARY
53
bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries
bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation
bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area
SUMMARY
54
bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries
bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact
55
CLIMATE CHANGE
We can do something about it will
56
Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters
Thank you
Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph
VA-TURF FISHERIES
30
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Dominant catches Pelagics (tuna mackerel etc)
Mix of demersal and pelagic species
Demersal species (eg grouper)
Catch rate gt8 kgfisherday 3 to 8 kgfisherday
lt3 kgfisherday
Gear habitat dependence
Mostly mobile gears (eg drift gill nets)
Presence of both types
Habitat-associated gears (eg fixed on seagrass beds)
VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM
31
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Wave-tolerant species relative to total abundance
Pectoral-swimming fishes (labrids scarids acanthurids) greater than 50
Mix of site-attached and mobile fish species 15-50 pectoral swimming fish
Abundant site-attached butteflyfish angelfish damselfish lt15 pectoral swimming fish
Density of coral dependent fish species (Butterflyfish)
lt5 of the total density
5 to 10 of the total density
gt10 of the total density
Coral cover gt50 coral cover 25 to 50 coral cover
lt25 coral cover
VA-TURF SOCIO-ECONOMIC
32
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Population density lt200 individualskm2
(not crowded sparsely distributed)
200 to 400 individualskm2 (moderately crowded)
gt400 individualskm2 (very crowded)
Fisheries ecosystem dependency
lt15 of total population are fishers
15 to 30 of total population are fishers
gt30 of total population are fishers
ADAPTIVE CAPACITY
33
VA-TURF FISHERIES
34
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Habitat size( fishing grounds)
Small (relative to the waters)
Intermediate size Large
Average sizeamount of catch
Mostly small immature fishes
Abundance of small but with few large fishes
Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)
Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries
Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)
Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence
Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence
Change in catch composition
Considerable changes in the last two decades
Few changes in the last two decades
No change in catch composition
VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM
35
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)
Small reef areas fragmented
Intermediate size of areas
Large reef areas
Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)
Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats
One habitat is of poor quality or very far
Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions
VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC
36
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Annual per capita income from fisheries
Below the provincial poverty threshold
Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Fishers with other sources of income
lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood
40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income
gt60 of fishers have other sources of income
Total amount of all income
Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold
Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Computation for Potential Impact (PI)
Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo
(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
From exposure (E) model 1 3
2 4 Use S and E to derive
VA-TURF
37
Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)
Add the scores of the components of
ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in
ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1
2
PI score (from previous
slide)
3
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
4 Use AC and PI to derive
VA-TURF
Reference to derive
ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2
Reference to derive
ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3
1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories
(ldquoRankrdquo)
VA-TURF
Computation for Overall Vulnerability
H M L
VA-TURF
41
NEXT STEPS
ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)
VA-TURF
42
NEXT STEPS
REDUCE Sensitivity amp
Exposure (POTENTIAL
IMPACT)
INCREASE Adaptive Capacity
REDUCE Vulnerability
High Medium
Medium Low
Low Not Vulnerable
INCREASE Resilience
VA-TURF
43
bull Reducing fishing mortality
bull Enhancing stock recovery
bull Sustainable fisheries use
bull Threat reduction on ecosystems
bull Organizing fisher communities
bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity
bull EAFM development with equitability
bull Diversifying livelihood options
Alintildeo et al 2012
ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
44
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
45
NEXT STEPS
Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
47
Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism
Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming
bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors
(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)
CASE STUDY
48
WAVE EXPOSURE
CASE STUDY
49
Fisheries
Reef ecosystem
Socio- economic
Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries
Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats
High population density
VA-TURF
50
ACTIONS
How does the action
reduce vulnerabil
ity (darrPIuarrAC)
UR
GEN
CY
What is needed for implementation
CA
PAC
ITY
Are there
potential negative impacts
(YN)
What is the value added to
address CC concerns
List benefits
eg ecological
socio-economic
Soci
o-
eco
no
mic
Eco
logi
cal
Go
vern
ance
Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)
uarrAC 3
Establish Marine Park coordinates
Establish Marine Park coordinates
3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats
Socio-economic ecological
Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)
darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side
Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance
3 N Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human)
Regulate water sports (island)
darrPI 3
Assess areas where water sports exist
Review for legal basis for zonation
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning
Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat
Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Sustainable fisheries
Stricter implementation
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards
Protect lives livelihood
Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)
uarrAC darrPI 2
Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)
2 Y Natural buffers to erosion
Protection against erosion
51
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
52
POST VA ACTIVITIES
Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone
Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin
Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay
Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay
Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod
SUMMARY
53
bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries
bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation
bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area
SUMMARY
54
bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries
bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact
55
CLIMATE CHANGE
We can do something about it will
56
Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters
Thank you
Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph
VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM
31
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Wave-tolerant species relative to total abundance
Pectoral-swimming fishes (labrids scarids acanthurids) greater than 50
Mix of site-attached and mobile fish species 15-50 pectoral swimming fish
Abundant site-attached butteflyfish angelfish damselfish lt15 pectoral swimming fish
Density of coral dependent fish species (Butterflyfish)
lt5 of the total density
5 to 10 of the total density
gt10 of the total density
Coral cover gt50 coral cover 25 to 50 coral cover
lt25 coral cover
VA-TURF SOCIO-ECONOMIC
32
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Population density lt200 individualskm2
(not crowded sparsely distributed)
200 to 400 individualskm2 (moderately crowded)
gt400 individualskm2 (very crowded)
Fisheries ecosystem dependency
lt15 of total population are fishers
15 to 30 of total population are fishers
gt30 of total population are fishers
ADAPTIVE CAPACITY
33
VA-TURF FISHERIES
34
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Habitat size( fishing grounds)
Small (relative to the waters)
Intermediate size Large
Average sizeamount of catch
Mostly small immature fishes
Abundance of small but with few large fishes
Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)
Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries
Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)
Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence
Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence
Change in catch composition
Considerable changes in the last two decades
Few changes in the last two decades
No change in catch composition
VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM
35
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)
Small reef areas fragmented
Intermediate size of areas
Large reef areas
Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)
Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats
One habitat is of poor quality or very far
Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions
VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC
36
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Annual per capita income from fisheries
Below the provincial poverty threshold
Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Fishers with other sources of income
lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood
40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income
gt60 of fishers have other sources of income
Total amount of all income
Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold
Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Computation for Potential Impact (PI)
Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo
(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
From exposure (E) model 1 3
2 4 Use S and E to derive
VA-TURF
37
Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)
Add the scores of the components of
ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in
ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1
2
PI score (from previous
slide)
3
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
4 Use AC and PI to derive
VA-TURF
Reference to derive
ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2
Reference to derive
ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3
1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories
(ldquoRankrdquo)
VA-TURF
Computation for Overall Vulnerability
H M L
VA-TURF
41
NEXT STEPS
ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)
VA-TURF
42
NEXT STEPS
REDUCE Sensitivity amp
Exposure (POTENTIAL
IMPACT)
INCREASE Adaptive Capacity
REDUCE Vulnerability
High Medium
Medium Low
Low Not Vulnerable
INCREASE Resilience
VA-TURF
43
bull Reducing fishing mortality
bull Enhancing stock recovery
bull Sustainable fisheries use
bull Threat reduction on ecosystems
bull Organizing fisher communities
bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity
bull EAFM development with equitability
bull Diversifying livelihood options
Alintildeo et al 2012
ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
44
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
45
NEXT STEPS
Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
47
Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism
Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming
bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors
(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)
CASE STUDY
48
WAVE EXPOSURE
CASE STUDY
49
Fisheries
Reef ecosystem
Socio- economic
Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries
Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats
High population density
VA-TURF
50
ACTIONS
How does the action
reduce vulnerabil
ity (darrPIuarrAC)
UR
GEN
CY
What is needed for implementation
CA
PAC
ITY
Are there
potential negative impacts
(YN)
What is the value added to
address CC concerns
List benefits
eg ecological
socio-economic
Soci
o-
eco
no
mic
Eco
logi
cal
Go
vern
ance
Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)
uarrAC 3
Establish Marine Park coordinates
Establish Marine Park coordinates
3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats
Socio-economic ecological
Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)
darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side
Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance
3 N Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human)
Regulate water sports (island)
darrPI 3
Assess areas where water sports exist
Review for legal basis for zonation
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning
Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat
Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Sustainable fisheries
Stricter implementation
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards
Protect lives livelihood
Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)
uarrAC darrPI 2
Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)
2 Y Natural buffers to erosion
Protection against erosion
51
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
52
POST VA ACTIVITIES
Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone
Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin
Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay
Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay
Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod
SUMMARY
53
bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries
bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation
bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area
SUMMARY
54
bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries
bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact
55
CLIMATE CHANGE
We can do something about it will
56
Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters
Thank you
Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph
VA-TURF SOCIO-ECONOMIC
32
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Population density lt200 individualskm2
(not crowded sparsely distributed)
200 to 400 individualskm2 (moderately crowded)
gt400 individualskm2 (very crowded)
Fisheries ecosystem dependency
lt15 of total population are fishers
15 to 30 of total population are fishers
gt30 of total population are fishers
ADAPTIVE CAPACITY
33
VA-TURF FISHERIES
34
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Habitat size( fishing grounds)
Small (relative to the waters)
Intermediate size Large
Average sizeamount of catch
Mostly small immature fishes
Abundance of small but with few large fishes
Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)
Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries
Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)
Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence
Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence
Change in catch composition
Considerable changes in the last two decades
Few changes in the last two decades
No change in catch composition
VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM
35
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)
Small reef areas fragmented
Intermediate size of areas
Large reef areas
Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)
Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats
One habitat is of poor quality or very far
Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions
VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC
36
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Annual per capita income from fisheries
Below the provincial poverty threshold
Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Fishers with other sources of income
lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood
40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income
gt60 of fishers have other sources of income
Total amount of all income
Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold
Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Computation for Potential Impact (PI)
Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo
(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
From exposure (E) model 1 3
2 4 Use S and E to derive
VA-TURF
37
Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)
Add the scores of the components of
ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in
ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1
2
PI score (from previous
slide)
3
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
4 Use AC and PI to derive
VA-TURF
Reference to derive
ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2
Reference to derive
ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3
1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories
(ldquoRankrdquo)
VA-TURF
Computation for Overall Vulnerability
H M L
VA-TURF
41
NEXT STEPS
ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)
VA-TURF
42
NEXT STEPS
REDUCE Sensitivity amp
Exposure (POTENTIAL
IMPACT)
INCREASE Adaptive Capacity
REDUCE Vulnerability
High Medium
Medium Low
Low Not Vulnerable
INCREASE Resilience
VA-TURF
43
bull Reducing fishing mortality
bull Enhancing stock recovery
bull Sustainable fisheries use
bull Threat reduction on ecosystems
bull Organizing fisher communities
bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity
bull EAFM development with equitability
bull Diversifying livelihood options
Alintildeo et al 2012
ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
44
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
45
NEXT STEPS
Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
47
Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism
Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming
bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors
(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)
CASE STUDY
48
WAVE EXPOSURE
CASE STUDY
49
Fisheries
Reef ecosystem
Socio- economic
Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries
Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats
High population density
VA-TURF
50
ACTIONS
How does the action
reduce vulnerabil
ity (darrPIuarrAC)
UR
GEN
CY
What is needed for implementation
CA
PAC
ITY
Are there
potential negative impacts
(YN)
What is the value added to
address CC concerns
List benefits
eg ecological
socio-economic
Soci
o-
eco
no
mic
Eco
logi
cal
Go
vern
ance
Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)
uarrAC 3
Establish Marine Park coordinates
Establish Marine Park coordinates
3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats
Socio-economic ecological
Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)
darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side
Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance
3 N Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human)
Regulate water sports (island)
darrPI 3
Assess areas where water sports exist
Review for legal basis for zonation
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning
Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat
Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Sustainable fisheries
Stricter implementation
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards
Protect lives livelihood
Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)
uarrAC darrPI 2
Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)
2 Y Natural buffers to erosion
Protection against erosion
51
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
52
POST VA ACTIVITIES
Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone
Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin
Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay
Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay
Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod
SUMMARY
53
bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries
bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation
bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area
SUMMARY
54
bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries
bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact
55
CLIMATE CHANGE
We can do something about it will
56
Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters
Thank you
Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph
ADAPTIVE CAPACITY
33
VA-TURF FISHERIES
34
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Habitat size( fishing grounds)
Small (relative to the waters)
Intermediate size Large
Average sizeamount of catch
Mostly small immature fishes
Abundance of small but with few large fishes
Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)
Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries
Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)
Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence
Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence
Change in catch composition
Considerable changes in the last two decades
Few changes in the last two decades
No change in catch composition
VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM
35
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)
Small reef areas fragmented
Intermediate size of areas
Large reef areas
Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)
Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats
One habitat is of poor quality or very far
Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions
VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC
36
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Annual per capita income from fisheries
Below the provincial poverty threshold
Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Fishers with other sources of income
lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood
40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income
gt60 of fishers have other sources of income
Total amount of all income
Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold
Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Computation for Potential Impact (PI)
Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo
(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
From exposure (E) model 1 3
2 4 Use S and E to derive
VA-TURF
37
Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)
Add the scores of the components of
ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in
ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1
2
PI score (from previous
slide)
3
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
4 Use AC and PI to derive
VA-TURF
Reference to derive
ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2
Reference to derive
ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3
1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories
(ldquoRankrdquo)
VA-TURF
Computation for Overall Vulnerability
H M L
VA-TURF
41
NEXT STEPS
ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)
VA-TURF
42
NEXT STEPS
REDUCE Sensitivity amp
Exposure (POTENTIAL
IMPACT)
INCREASE Adaptive Capacity
REDUCE Vulnerability
High Medium
Medium Low
Low Not Vulnerable
INCREASE Resilience
VA-TURF
43
bull Reducing fishing mortality
bull Enhancing stock recovery
bull Sustainable fisheries use
bull Threat reduction on ecosystems
bull Organizing fisher communities
bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity
bull EAFM development with equitability
bull Diversifying livelihood options
Alintildeo et al 2012
ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
44
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
45
NEXT STEPS
Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
47
Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism
Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming
bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors
(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)
CASE STUDY
48
WAVE EXPOSURE
CASE STUDY
49
Fisheries
Reef ecosystem
Socio- economic
Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries
Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats
High population density
VA-TURF
50
ACTIONS
How does the action
reduce vulnerabil
ity (darrPIuarrAC)
UR
GEN
CY
What is needed for implementation
CA
PAC
ITY
Are there
potential negative impacts
(YN)
What is the value added to
address CC concerns
List benefits
eg ecological
socio-economic
Soci
o-
eco
no
mic
Eco
logi
cal
Go
vern
ance
Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)
uarrAC 3
Establish Marine Park coordinates
Establish Marine Park coordinates
3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats
Socio-economic ecological
Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)
darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side
Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance
3 N Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human)
Regulate water sports (island)
darrPI 3
Assess areas where water sports exist
Review for legal basis for zonation
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning
Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat
Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Sustainable fisheries
Stricter implementation
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards
Protect lives livelihood
Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)
uarrAC darrPI 2
Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)
2 Y Natural buffers to erosion
Protection against erosion
51
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
52
POST VA ACTIVITIES
Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone
Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin
Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay
Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay
Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod
SUMMARY
53
bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries
bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation
bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area
SUMMARY
54
bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries
bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact
55
CLIMATE CHANGE
We can do something about it will
56
Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters
Thank you
Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph
VA-TURF FISHERIES
34
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Habitat size( fishing grounds)
Small (relative to the waters)
Intermediate size Large
Average sizeamount of catch
Mostly small immature fishes
Abundance of small but with few large fishes
Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)
Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries
Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)
Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence
Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence
Change in catch composition
Considerable changes in the last two decades
Few changes in the last two decades
No change in catch composition
VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM
35
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)
Small reef areas fragmented
Intermediate size of areas
Large reef areas
Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)
Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats
One habitat is of poor quality or very far
Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions
VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC
36
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Annual per capita income from fisheries
Below the provincial poverty threshold
Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Fishers with other sources of income
lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood
40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income
gt60 of fishers have other sources of income
Total amount of all income
Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold
Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Computation for Potential Impact (PI)
Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo
(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
From exposure (E) model 1 3
2 4 Use S and E to derive
VA-TURF
37
Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)
Add the scores of the components of
ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in
ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1
2
PI score (from previous
slide)
3
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
4 Use AC and PI to derive
VA-TURF
Reference to derive
ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2
Reference to derive
ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3
1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories
(ldquoRankrdquo)
VA-TURF
Computation for Overall Vulnerability
H M L
VA-TURF
41
NEXT STEPS
ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)
VA-TURF
42
NEXT STEPS
REDUCE Sensitivity amp
Exposure (POTENTIAL
IMPACT)
INCREASE Adaptive Capacity
REDUCE Vulnerability
High Medium
Medium Low
Low Not Vulnerable
INCREASE Resilience
VA-TURF
43
bull Reducing fishing mortality
bull Enhancing stock recovery
bull Sustainable fisheries use
bull Threat reduction on ecosystems
bull Organizing fisher communities
bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity
bull EAFM development with equitability
bull Diversifying livelihood options
Alintildeo et al 2012
ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
44
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
45
NEXT STEPS
Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
47
Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism
Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming
bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors
(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)
CASE STUDY
48
WAVE EXPOSURE
CASE STUDY
49
Fisheries
Reef ecosystem
Socio- economic
Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries
Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats
High population density
VA-TURF
50
ACTIONS
How does the action
reduce vulnerabil
ity (darrPIuarrAC)
UR
GEN
CY
What is needed for implementation
CA
PAC
ITY
Are there
potential negative impacts
(YN)
What is the value added to
address CC concerns
List benefits
eg ecological
socio-economic
Soci
o-
eco
no
mic
Eco
logi
cal
Go
vern
ance
Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)
uarrAC 3
Establish Marine Park coordinates
Establish Marine Park coordinates
3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats
Socio-economic ecological
Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)
darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side
Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance
3 N Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human)
Regulate water sports (island)
darrPI 3
Assess areas where water sports exist
Review for legal basis for zonation
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning
Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat
Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Sustainable fisheries
Stricter implementation
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards
Protect lives livelihood
Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)
uarrAC darrPI 2
Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)
2 Y Natural buffers to erosion
Protection against erosion
51
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
52
POST VA ACTIVITIES
Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone
Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin
Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay
Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay
Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod
SUMMARY
53
bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries
bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation
bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area
SUMMARY
54
bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries
bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact
55
CLIMATE CHANGE
We can do something about it will
56
Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters
Thank you
Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph
VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM
35
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)
Small reef areas fragmented
Intermediate size of areas
Large reef areas
Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)
Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats
One habitat is of poor quality or very far
Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions
VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC
36
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Annual per capita income from fisheries
Below the provincial poverty threshold
Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Fishers with other sources of income
lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood
40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income
gt60 of fishers have other sources of income
Total amount of all income
Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold
Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Computation for Potential Impact (PI)
Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo
(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
From exposure (E) model 1 3
2 4 Use S and E to derive
VA-TURF
37
Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)
Add the scores of the components of
ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in
ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1
2
PI score (from previous
slide)
3
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
4 Use AC and PI to derive
VA-TURF
Reference to derive
ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2
Reference to derive
ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3
1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories
(ldquoRankrdquo)
VA-TURF
Computation for Overall Vulnerability
H M L
VA-TURF
41
NEXT STEPS
ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)
VA-TURF
42
NEXT STEPS
REDUCE Sensitivity amp
Exposure (POTENTIAL
IMPACT)
INCREASE Adaptive Capacity
REDUCE Vulnerability
High Medium
Medium Low
Low Not Vulnerable
INCREASE Resilience
VA-TURF
43
bull Reducing fishing mortality
bull Enhancing stock recovery
bull Sustainable fisheries use
bull Threat reduction on ecosystems
bull Organizing fisher communities
bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity
bull EAFM development with equitability
bull Diversifying livelihood options
Alintildeo et al 2012
ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
44
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
45
NEXT STEPS
Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
47
Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism
Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming
bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors
(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)
CASE STUDY
48
WAVE EXPOSURE
CASE STUDY
49
Fisheries
Reef ecosystem
Socio- economic
Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries
Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats
High population density
VA-TURF
50
ACTIONS
How does the action
reduce vulnerabil
ity (darrPIuarrAC)
UR
GEN
CY
What is needed for implementation
CA
PAC
ITY
Are there
potential negative impacts
(YN)
What is the value added to
address CC concerns
List benefits
eg ecological
socio-economic
Soci
o-
eco
no
mic
Eco
logi
cal
Go
vern
ance
Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)
uarrAC 3
Establish Marine Park coordinates
Establish Marine Park coordinates
3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats
Socio-economic ecological
Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)
darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side
Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance
3 N Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human)
Regulate water sports (island)
darrPI 3
Assess areas where water sports exist
Review for legal basis for zonation
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning
Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat
Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Sustainable fisheries
Stricter implementation
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards
Protect lives livelihood
Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)
uarrAC darrPI 2
Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)
2 Y Natural buffers to erosion
Protection against erosion
51
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
52
POST VA ACTIVITIES
Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone
Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin
Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay
Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay
Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod
SUMMARY
53
bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries
bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation
bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area
SUMMARY
54
bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries
bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact
55
CLIMATE CHANGE
We can do something about it will
56
Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters
Thank you
Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph
VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC
36
CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points
MEDIUM 3 to 4 points
HIGH 5 points
Annual per capita income from fisheries
Below the provincial poverty threshold
Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Fishers with other sources of income
lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood
40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income
gt60 of fishers have other sources of income
Total amount of all income
Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold
Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60
Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold
Computation for Potential Impact (PI)
Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo
(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
From exposure (E) model 1 3
2 4 Use S and E to derive
VA-TURF
37
Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)
Add the scores of the components of
ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in
ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1
2
PI score (from previous
slide)
3
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
4 Use AC and PI to derive
VA-TURF
Reference to derive
ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2
Reference to derive
ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3
1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories
(ldquoRankrdquo)
VA-TURF
Computation for Overall Vulnerability
H M L
VA-TURF
41
NEXT STEPS
ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)
VA-TURF
42
NEXT STEPS
REDUCE Sensitivity amp
Exposure (POTENTIAL
IMPACT)
INCREASE Adaptive Capacity
REDUCE Vulnerability
High Medium
Medium Low
Low Not Vulnerable
INCREASE Resilience
VA-TURF
43
bull Reducing fishing mortality
bull Enhancing stock recovery
bull Sustainable fisheries use
bull Threat reduction on ecosystems
bull Organizing fisher communities
bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity
bull EAFM development with equitability
bull Diversifying livelihood options
Alintildeo et al 2012
ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
44
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
45
NEXT STEPS
Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
47
Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism
Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming
bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors
(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)
CASE STUDY
48
WAVE EXPOSURE
CASE STUDY
49
Fisheries
Reef ecosystem
Socio- economic
Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries
Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats
High population density
VA-TURF
50
ACTIONS
How does the action
reduce vulnerabil
ity (darrPIuarrAC)
UR
GEN
CY
What is needed for implementation
CA
PAC
ITY
Are there
potential negative impacts
(YN)
What is the value added to
address CC concerns
List benefits
eg ecological
socio-economic
Soci
o-
eco
no
mic
Eco
logi
cal
Go
vern
ance
Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)
uarrAC 3
Establish Marine Park coordinates
Establish Marine Park coordinates
3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats
Socio-economic ecological
Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)
darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side
Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance
3 N Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human)
Regulate water sports (island)
darrPI 3
Assess areas where water sports exist
Review for legal basis for zonation
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning
Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat
Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Sustainable fisheries
Stricter implementation
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards
Protect lives livelihood
Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)
uarrAC darrPI 2
Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)
2 Y Natural buffers to erosion
Protection against erosion
51
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
52
POST VA ACTIVITIES
Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone
Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin
Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay
Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay
Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod
SUMMARY
53
bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries
bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation
bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area
SUMMARY
54
bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries
bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact
55
CLIMATE CHANGE
We can do something about it will
56
Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters
Thank you
Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph
Computation for Potential Impact (PI)
Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo
(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
From exposure (E) model 1 3
2 4 Use S and E to derive
VA-TURF
37
Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)
Add the scores of the components of
ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in
ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1
2
PI score (from previous
slide)
3
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
4 Use AC and PI to derive
VA-TURF
Reference to derive
ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2
Reference to derive
ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3
1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories
(ldquoRankrdquo)
VA-TURF
Computation for Overall Vulnerability
H M L
VA-TURF
41
NEXT STEPS
ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)
VA-TURF
42
NEXT STEPS
REDUCE Sensitivity amp
Exposure (POTENTIAL
IMPACT)
INCREASE Adaptive Capacity
REDUCE Vulnerability
High Medium
Medium Low
Low Not Vulnerable
INCREASE Resilience
VA-TURF
43
bull Reducing fishing mortality
bull Enhancing stock recovery
bull Sustainable fisheries use
bull Threat reduction on ecosystems
bull Organizing fisher communities
bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity
bull EAFM development with equitability
bull Diversifying livelihood options
Alintildeo et al 2012
ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
44
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
45
NEXT STEPS
Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
47
Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism
Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming
bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors
(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)
CASE STUDY
48
WAVE EXPOSURE
CASE STUDY
49
Fisheries
Reef ecosystem
Socio- economic
Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries
Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats
High population density
VA-TURF
50
ACTIONS
How does the action
reduce vulnerabil
ity (darrPIuarrAC)
UR
GEN
CY
What is needed for implementation
CA
PAC
ITY
Are there
potential negative impacts
(YN)
What is the value added to
address CC concerns
List benefits
eg ecological
socio-economic
Soci
o-
eco
no
mic
Eco
logi
cal
Go
vern
ance
Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)
uarrAC 3
Establish Marine Park coordinates
Establish Marine Park coordinates
3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats
Socio-economic ecological
Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)
darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side
Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance
3 N Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human)
Regulate water sports (island)
darrPI 3
Assess areas where water sports exist
Review for legal basis for zonation
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning
Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat
Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Sustainable fisheries
Stricter implementation
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards
Protect lives livelihood
Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)
uarrAC darrPI 2
Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)
2 Y Natural buffers to erosion
Protection against erosion
51
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
52
POST VA ACTIVITIES
Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone
Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin
Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay
Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay
Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod
SUMMARY
53
bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries
bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation
bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area
SUMMARY
54
bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries
bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact
55
CLIMATE CHANGE
We can do something about it will
56
Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters
Thank you
Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph
Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)
Add the scores of the components of
ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in
ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1
2
PI score (from previous
slide)
3
Convert scores into
L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo
4 Use AC and PI to derive
VA-TURF
Reference to derive
ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2
Reference to derive
ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3
1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories
(ldquoRankrdquo)
VA-TURF
Computation for Overall Vulnerability
H M L
VA-TURF
41
NEXT STEPS
ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)
VA-TURF
42
NEXT STEPS
REDUCE Sensitivity amp
Exposure (POTENTIAL
IMPACT)
INCREASE Adaptive Capacity
REDUCE Vulnerability
High Medium
Medium Low
Low Not Vulnerable
INCREASE Resilience
VA-TURF
43
bull Reducing fishing mortality
bull Enhancing stock recovery
bull Sustainable fisheries use
bull Threat reduction on ecosystems
bull Organizing fisher communities
bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity
bull EAFM development with equitability
bull Diversifying livelihood options
Alintildeo et al 2012
ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
44
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
45
NEXT STEPS
Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
47
Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism
Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming
bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors
(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)
CASE STUDY
48
WAVE EXPOSURE
CASE STUDY
49
Fisheries
Reef ecosystem
Socio- economic
Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries
Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats
High population density
VA-TURF
50
ACTIONS
How does the action
reduce vulnerabil
ity (darrPIuarrAC)
UR
GEN
CY
What is needed for implementation
CA
PAC
ITY
Are there
potential negative impacts
(YN)
What is the value added to
address CC concerns
List benefits
eg ecological
socio-economic
Soci
o-
eco
no
mic
Eco
logi
cal
Go
vern
ance
Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)
uarrAC 3
Establish Marine Park coordinates
Establish Marine Park coordinates
3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats
Socio-economic ecological
Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)
darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side
Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance
3 N Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human)
Regulate water sports (island)
darrPI 3
Assess areas where water sports exist
Review for legal basis for zonation
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning
Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat
Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Sustainable fisheries
Stricter implementation
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards
Protect lives livelihood
Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)
uarrAC darrPI 2
Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)
2 Y Natural buffers to erosion
Protection against erosion
51
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
52
POST VA ACTIVITIES
Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone
Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin
Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay
Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay
Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod
SUMMARY
53
bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries
bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation
bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area
SUMMARY
54
bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries
bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact
55
CLIMATE CHANGE
We can do something about it will
56
Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters
Thank you
Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph
Reference to derive
ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2
Reference to derive
ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3
1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories
(ldquoRankrdquo)
VA-TURF
Computation for Overall Vulnerability
H M L
VA-TURF
41
NEXT STEPS
ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)
VA-TURF
42
NEXT STEPS
REDUCE Sensitivity amp
Exposure (POTENTIAL
IMPACT)
INCREASE Adaptive Capacity
REDUCE Vulnerability
High Medium
Medium Low
Low Not Vulnerable
INCREASE Resilience
VA-TURF
43
bull Reducing fishing mortality
bull Enhancing stock recovery
bull Sustainable fisheries use
bull Threat reduction on ecosystems
bull Organizing fisher communities
bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity
bull EAFM development with equitability
bull Diversifying livelihood options
Alintildeo et al 2012
ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
44
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
45
NEXT STEPS
Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
47
Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism
Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming
bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors
(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)
CASE STUDY
48
WAVE EXPOSURE
CASE STUDY
49
Fisheries
Reef ecosystem
Socio- economic
Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries
Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats
High population density
VA-TURF
50
ACTIONS
How does the action
reduce vulnerabil
ity (darrPIuarrAC)
UR
GEN
CY
What is needed for implementation
CA
PAC
ITY
Are there
potential negative impacts
(YN)
What is the value added to
address CC concerns
List benefits
eg ecological
socio-economic
Soci
o-
eco
no
mic
Eco
logi
cal
Go
vern
ance
Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)
uarrAC 3
Establish Marine Park coordinates
Establish Marine Park coordinates
3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats
Socio-economic ecological
Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)
darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side
Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance
3 N Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human)
Regulate water sports (island)
darrPI 3
Assess areas where water sports exist
Review for legal basis for zonation
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning
Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat
Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Sustainable fisheries
Stricter implementation
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards
Protect lives livelihood
Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)
uarrAC darrPI 2
Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)
2 Y Natural buffers to erosion
Protection against erosion
51
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
52
POST VA ACTIVITIES
Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone
Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin
Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay
Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay
Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod
SUMMARY
53
bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries
bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation
bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area
SUMMARY
54
bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries
bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact
55
CLIMATE CHANGE
We can do something about it will
56
Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters
Thank you
Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph
Computation for Overall Vulnerability
H M L
VA-TURF
41
NEXT STEPS
ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)
VA-TURF
42
NEXT STEPS
REDUCE Sensitivity amp
Exposure (POTENTIAL
IMPACT)
INCREASE Adaptive Capacity
REDUCE Vulnerability
High Medium
Medium Low
Low Not Vulnerable
INCREASE Resilience
VA-TURF
43
bull Reducing fishing mortality
bull Enhancing stock recovery
bull Sustainable fisheries use
bull Threat reduction on ecosystems
bull Organizing fisher communities
bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity
bull EAFM development with equitability
bull Diversifying livelihood options
Alintildeo et al 2012
ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
44
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
45
NEXT STEPS
Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
47
Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism
Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming
bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors
(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)
CASE STUDY
48
WAVE EXPOSURE
CASE STUDY
49
Fisheries
Reef ecosystem
Socio- economic
Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries
Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats
High population density
VA-TURF
50
ACTIONS
How does the action
reduce vulnerabil
ity (darrPIuarrAC)
UR
GEN
CY
What is needed for implementation
CA
PAC
ITY
Are there
potential negative impacts
(YN)
What is the value added to
address CC concerns
List benefits
eg ecological
socio-economic
Soci
o-
eco
no
mic
Eco
logi
cal
Go
vern
ance
Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)
uarrAC 3
Establish Marine Park coordinates
Establish Marine Park coordinates
3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats
Socio-economic ecological
Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)
darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side
Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance
3 N Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human)
Regulate water sports (island)
darrPI 3
Assess areas where water sports exist
Review for legal basis for zonation
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning
Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat
Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Sustainable fisheries
Stricter implementation
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards
Protect lives livelihood
Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)
uarrAC darrPI 2
Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)
2 Y Natural buffers to erosion
Protection against erosion
51
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
52
POST VA ACTIVITIES
Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone
Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin
Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay
Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay
Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod
SUMMARY
53
bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries
bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation
bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area
SUMMARY
54
bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries
bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact
55
CLIMATE CHANGE
We can do something about it will
56
Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters
Thank you
Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph
VA-TURF
41
NEXT STEPS
ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)
VA-TURF
42
NEXT STEPS
REDUCE Sensitivity amp
Exposure (POTENTIAL
IMPACT)
INCREASE Adaptive Capacity
REDUCE Vulnerability
High Medium
Medium Low
Low Not Vulnerable
INCREASE Resilience
VA-TURF
43
bull Reducing fishing mortality
bull Enhancing stock recovery
bull Sustainable fisheries use
bull Threat reduction on ecosystems
bull Organizing fisher communities
bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity
bull EAFM development with equitability
bull Diversifying livelihood options
Alintildeo et al 2012
ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
44
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
45
NEXT STEPS
Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
47
Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism
Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming
bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors
(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)
CASE STUDY
48
WAVE EXPOSURE
CASE STUDY
49
Fisheries
Reef ecosystem
Socio- economic
Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries
Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats
High population density
VA-TURF
50
ACTIONS
How does the action
reduce vulnerabil
ity (darrPIuarrAC)
UR
GEN
CY
What is needed for implementation
CA
PAC
ITY
Are there
potential negative impacts
(YN)
What is the value added to
address CC concerns
List benefits
eg ecological
socio-economic
Soci
o-
eco
no
mic
Eco
logi
cal
Go
vern
ance
Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)
uarrAC 3
Establish Marine Park coordinates
Establish Marine Park coordinates
3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats
Socio-economic ecological
Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)
darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side
Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance
3 N Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human)
Regulate water sports (island)
darrPI 3
Assess areas where water sports exist
Review for legal basis for zonation
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning
Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat
Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Sustainable fisheries
Stricter implementation
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards
Protect lives livelihood
Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)
uarrAC darrPI 2
Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)
2 Y Natural buffers to erosion
Protection against erosion
51
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
52
POST VA ACTIVITIES
Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone
Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin
Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay
Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay
Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod
SUMMARY
53
bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries
bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation
bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area
SUMMARY
54
bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries
bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact
55
CLIMATE CHANGE
We can do something about it will
56
Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters
Thank you
Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph
VA-TURF
42
NEXT STEPS
REDUCE Sensitivity amp
Exposure (POTENTIAL
IMPACT)
INCREASE Adaptive Capacity
REDUCE Vulnerability
High Medium
Medium Low
Low Not Vulnerable
INCREASE Resilience
VA-TURF
43
bull Reducing fishing mortality
bull Enhancing stock recovery
bull Sustainable fisheries use
bull Threat reduction on ecosystems
bull Organizing fisher communities
bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity
bull EAFM development with equitability
bull Diversifying livelihood options
Alintildeo et al 2012
ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
44
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
45
NEXT STEPS
Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
47
Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism
Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming
bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors
(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)
CASE STUDY
48
WAVE EXPOSURE
CASE STUDY
49
Fisheries
Reef ecosystem
Socio- economic
Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries
Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats
High population density
VA-TURF
50
ACTIONS
How does the action
reduce vulnerabil
ity (darrPIuarrAC)
UR
GEN
CY
What is needed for implementation
CA
PAC
ITY
Are there
potential negative impacts
(YN)
What is the value added to
address CC concerns
List benefits
eg ecological
socio-economic
Soci
o-
eco
no
mic
Eco
logi
cal
Go
vern
ance
Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)
uarrAC 3
Establish Marine Park coordinates
Establish Marine Park coordinates
3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats
Socio-economic ecological
Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)
darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side
Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance
3 N Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human)
Regulate water sports (island)
darrPI 3
Assess areas where water sports exist
Review for legal basis for zonation
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning
Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat
Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Sustainable fisheries
Stricter implementation
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards
Protect lives livelihood
Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)
uarrAC darrPI 2
Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)
2 Y Natural buffers to erosion
Protection against erosion
51
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
52
POST VA ACTIVITIES
Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone
Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin
Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay
Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay
Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod
SUMMARY
53
bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries
bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation
bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area
SUMMARY
54
bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries
bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact
55
CLIMATE CHANGE
We can do something about it will
56
Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters
Thank you
Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph
VA-TURF
43
bull Reducing fishing mortality
bull Enhancing stock recovery
bull Sustainable fisheries use
bull Threat reduction on ecosystems
bull Organizing fisher communities
bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity
bull EAFM development with equitability
bull Diversifying livelihood options
Alintildeo et al 2012
ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
44
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
45
NEXT STEPS
Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
47
Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism
Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming
bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors
(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)
CASE STUDY
48
WAVE EXPOSURE
CASE STUDY
49
Fisheries
Reef ecosystem
Socio- economic
Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries
Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats
High population density
VA-TURF
50
ACTIONS
How does the action
reduce vulnerabil
ity (darrPIuarrAC)
UR
GEN
CY
What is needed for implementation
CA
PAC
ITY
Are there
potential negative impacts
(YN)
What is the value added to
address CC concerns
List benefits
eg ecological
socio-economic
Soci
o-
eco
no
mic
Eco
logi
cal
Go
vern
ance
Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)
uarrAC 3
Establish Marine Park coordinates
Establish Marine Park coordinates
3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats
Socio-economic ecological
Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)
darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side
Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance
3 N Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human)
Regulate water sports (island)
darrPI 3
Assess areas where water sports exist
Review for legal basis for zonation
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning
Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat
Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Sustainable fisheries
Stricter implementation
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards
Protect lives livelihood
Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)
uarrAC darrPI 2
Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)
2 Y Natural buffers to erosion
Protection against erosion
51
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
52
POST VA ACTIVITIES
Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone
Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin
Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay
Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay
Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod
SUMMARY
53
bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries
bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation
bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area
SUMMARY
54
bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries
bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact
55
CLIMATE CHANGE
We can do something about it will
56
Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters
Thank you
Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph
VA-TURF
44
NEXT STEPS
VA-TURF
45
NEXT STEPS
Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
47
Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism
Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming
bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors
(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)
CASE STUDY
48
WAVE EXPOSURE
CASE STUDY
49
Fisheries
Reef ecosystem
Socio- economic
Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries
Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats
High population density
VA-TURF
50
ACTIONS
How does the action
reduce vulnerabil
ity (darrPIuarrAC)
UR
GEN
CY
What is needed for implementation
CA
PAC
ITY
Are there
potential negative impacts
(YN)
What is the value added to
address CC concerns
List benefits
eg ecological
socio-economic
Soci
o-
eco
no
mic
Eco
logi
cal
Go
vern
ance
Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)
uarrAC 3
Establish Marine Park coordinates
Establish Marine Park coordinates
3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats
Socio-economic ecological
Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)
darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side
Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance
3 N Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human)
Regulate water sports (island)
darrPI 3
Assess areas where water sports exist
Review for legal basis for zonation
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning
Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat
Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Sustainable fisheries
Stricter implementation
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards
Protect lives livelihood
Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)
uarrAC darrPI 2
Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)
2 Y Natural buffers to erosion
Protection against erosion
51
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
52
POST VA ACTIVITIES
Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone
Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin
Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay
Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay
Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod
SUMMARY
53
bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries
bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation
bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area
SUMMARY
54
bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries
bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact
55
CLIMATE CHANGE
We can do something about it will
56
Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters
Thank you
Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph
VA-TURF
45
NEXT STEPS
Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
47
Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism
Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming
bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors
(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)
CASE STUDY
48
WAVE EXPOSURE
CASE STUDY
49
Fisheries
Reef ecosystem
Socio- economic
Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries
Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats
High population density
VA-TURF
50
ACTIONS
How does the action
reduce vulnerabil
ity (darrPIuarrAC)
UR
GEN
CY
What is needed for implementation
CA
PAC
ITY
Are there
potential negative impacts
(YN)
What is the value added to
address CC concerns
List benefits
eg ecological
socio-economic
Soci
o-
eco
no
mic
Eco
logi
cal
Go
vern
ance
Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)
uarrAC 3
Establish Marine Park coordinates
Establish Marine Park coordinates
3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats
Socio-economic ecological
Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)
darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side
Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance
3 N Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human)
Regulate water sports (island)
darrPI 3
Assess areas where water sports exist
Review for legal basis for zonation
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning
Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat
Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Sustainable fisheries
Stricter implementation
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards
Protect lives livelihood
Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)
uarrAC darrPI 2
Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)
2 Y Natural buffers to erosion
Protection against erosion
51
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
52
POST VA ACTIVITIES
Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone
Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin
Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay
Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay
Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod
SUMMARY
53
bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries
bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation
bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area
SUMMARY
54
bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries
bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact
55
CLIMATE CHANGE
We can do something about it will
56
Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters
Thank you
Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph
Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
47
Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism
Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming
bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors
(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)
CASE STUDY
48
WAVE EXPOSURE
CASE STUDY
49
Fisheries
Reef ecosystem
Socio- economic
Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries
Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats
High population density
VA-TURF
50
ACTIONS
How does the action
reduce vulnerabil
ity (darrPIuarrAC)
UR
GEN
CY
What is needed for implementation
CA
PAC
ITY
Are there
potential negative impacts
(YN)
What is the value added to
address CC concerns
List benefits
eg ecological
socio-economic
Soci
o-
eco
no
mic
Eco
logi
cal
Go
vern
ance
Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)
uarrAC 3
Establish Marine Park coordinates
Establish Marine Park coordinates
3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats
Socio-economic ecological
Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)
darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side
Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance
3 N Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human)
Regulate water sports (island)
darrPI 3
Assess areas where water sports exist
Review for legal basis for zonation
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning
Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat
Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Sustainable fisheries
Stricter implementation
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards
Protect lives livelihood
Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)
uarrAC darrPI 2
Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)
2 Y Natural buffers to erosion
Protection against erosion
51
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
52
POST VA ACTIVITIES
Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone
Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin
Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay
Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay
Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod
SUMMARY
53
bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries
bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation
bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area
SUMMARY
54
bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries
bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact
55
CLIMATE CHANGE
We can do something about it will
56
Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters
Thank you
Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph
CASE STUDY
47
Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism
Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming
bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors
(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)
CASE STUDY
48
WAVE EXPOSURE
CASE STUDY
49
Fisheries
Reef ecosystem
Socio- economic
Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries
Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats
High population density
VA-TURF
50
ACTIONS
How does the action
reduce vulnerabil
ity (darrPIuarrAC)
UR
GEN
CY
What is needed for implementation
CA
PAC
ITY
Are there
potential negative impacts
(YN)
What is the value added to
address CC concerns
List benefits
eg ecological
socio-economic
Soci
o-
eco
no
mic
Eco
logi
cal
Go
vern
ance
Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)
uarrAC 3
Establish Marine Park coordinates
Establish Marine Park coordinates
3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats
Socio-economic ecological
Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)
darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side
Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance
3 N Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human)
Regulate water sports (island)
darrPI 3
Assess areas where water sports exist
Review for legal basis for zonation
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning
Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat
Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Sustainable fisheries
Stricter implementation
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards
Protect lives livelihood
Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)
uarrAC darrPI 2
Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)
2 Y Natural buffers to erosion
Protection against erosion
51
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
52
POST VA ACTIVITIES
Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone
Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin
Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay
Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay
Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod
SUMMARY
53
bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries
bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation
bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area
SUMMARY
54
bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries
bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact
55
CLIMATE CHANGE
We can do something about it will
56
Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters
Thank you
Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph
CASE STUDY
48
WAVE EXPOSURE
CASE STUDY
49
Fisheries
Reef ecosystem
Socio- economic
Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries
Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats
High population density
VA-TURF
50
ACTIONS
How does the action
reduce vulnerabil
ity (darrPIuarrAC)
UR
GEN
CY
What is needed for implementation
CA
PAC
ITY
Are there
potential negative impacts
(YN)
What is the value added to
address CC concerns
List benefits
eg ecological
socio-economic
Soci
o-
eco
no
mic
Eco
logi
cal
Go
vern
ance
Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)
uarrAC 3
Establish Marine Park coordinates
Establish Marine Park coordinates
3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats
Socio-economic ecological
Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)
darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side
Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance
3 N Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human)
Regulate water sports (island)
darrPI 3
Assess areas where water sports exist
Review for legal basis for zonation
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning
Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat
Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Sustainable fisheries
Stricter implementation
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards
Protect lives livelihood
Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)
uarrAC darrPI 2
Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)
2 Y Natural buffers to erosion
Protection against erosion
51
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
52
POST VA ACTIVITIES
Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone
Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin
Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay
Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay
Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod
SUMMARY
53
bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries
bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation
bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area
SUMMARY
54
bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries
bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact
55
CLIMATE CHANGE
We can do something about it will
56
Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters
Thank you
Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph
CASE STUDY
49
Fisheries
Reef ecosystem
Socio- economic
Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries
Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats
High population density
VA-TURF
50
ACTIONS
How does the action
reduce vulnerabil
ity (darrPIuarrAC)
UR
GEN
CY
What is needed for implementation
CA
PAC
ITY
Are there
potential negative impacts
(YN)
What is the value added to
address CC concerns
List benefits
eg ecological
socio-economic
Soci
o-
eco
no
mic
Eco
logi
cal
Go
vern
ance
Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)
uarrAC 3
Establish Marine Park coordinates
Establish Marine Park coordinates
3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats
Socio-economic ecological
Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)
darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side
Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance
3 N Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human)
Regulate water sports (island)
darrPI 3
Assess areas where water sports exist
Review for legal basis for zonation
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning
Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat
Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Sustainable fisheries
Stricter implementation
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards
Protect lives livelihood
Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)
uarrAC darrPI 2
Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)
2 Y Natural buffers to erosion
Protection against erosion
51
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
52
POST VA ACTIVITIES
Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone
Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin
Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay
Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay
Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod
SUMMARY
53
bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries
bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation
bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area
SUMMARY
54
bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries
bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact
55
CLIMATE CHANGE
We can do something about it will
56
Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters
Thank you
Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph
VA-TURF
50
ACTIONS
How does the action
reduce vulnerabil
ity (darrPIuarrAC)
UR
GEN
CY
What is needed for implementation
CA
PAC
ITY
Are there
potential negative impacts
(YN)
What is the value added to
address CC concerns
List benefits
eg ecological
socio-economic
Soci
o-
eco
no
mic
Eco
logi
cal
Go
vern
ance
Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)
uarrAC 3
Establish Marine Park coordinates
Establish Marine Park coordinates
3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats
Socio-economic ecological
Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)
darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side
Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance
3 N Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human)
Regulate water sports (island)
darrPI 3
Assess areas where water sports exist
Review for legal basis for zonation
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning
Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat
Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat
3 Y Reduction of habitat threats
Sustainable fisheries
Stricter implementation
uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments
Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards
Protect lives livelihood
Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)
uarrAC darrPI 2
Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)
2 Y Natural buffers to erosion
Protection against erosion
51
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
52
POST VA ACTIVITIES
Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone
Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin
Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay
Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay
Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod
SUMMARY
53
bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries
bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation
bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area
SUMMARY
54
bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries
bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact
55
CLIMATE CHANGE
We can do something about it will
56
Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters
Thank you
Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph
51
CASE STUDY
CASE STUDY
52
POST VA ACTIVITIES
Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone
Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin
Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay
Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay
Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod
SUMMARY
53
bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries
bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation
bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area
SUMMARY
54
bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries
bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact
55
CLIMATE CHANGE
We can do something about it will
56
Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters
Thank you
Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph
CASE STUDY
52
POST VA ACTIVITIES
Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone
Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin
Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay
Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay
Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod
SUMMARY
53
bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries
bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation
bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area
SUMMARY
54
bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries
bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact
55
CLIMATE CHANGE
We can do something about it will
56
Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters
Thank you
Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph
SUMMARY
53
bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries
bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation
bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area
SUMMARY
54
bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries
bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact
55
CLIMATE CHANGE
We can do something about it will
56
Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters
Thank you
Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph
SUMMARY
54
bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities
bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries
bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact
55
CLIMATE CHANGE
We can do something about it will
56
Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters
Thank you
Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph
55
CLIMATE CHANGE
We can do something about it will
56
Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters
Thank you
Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph
56
Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters
Thank you
Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph