assessing vulnerability of fisheries in the philippines to

56
Assessing vulnerability of fisheries in the Philippines to Climate Change Impacts Tool for Understanding Resilience of Fisheries (VA-TURF) Remelyn I. de Ramos The Marine Science Institute University of the Philippines Diliman Email: [email protected] 1 SEARCA Agricultural Development Seminar Series 10 March 2015

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Page 1: Assessing vulnerability of fisheries in the Philippines to

Assessing vulnerability of fisheries in the Philippines to Climate Change Impacts Tool for Understanding Resilience of Fisheries (VA-TURF)

Remelyn I de Ramos The Marine Science Institute

University of the Philippines Diliman Email rideramosmsiupdeduph

1

SEARCA Agricultural Development Seminar Series 10 March 2015

o Introduction o Climate Change

o Impacts of Climate Change to Fisheries

o Significance of the study o Philippines as a vulnerable country

o Status of Coral Reefs and Fisheries

o Tool for Understanding Resilience of Fisheries (VA-TURF)

o Case study

o Summary

OUTLINE

2

INTRODUCTION

CLIMATE CHANGE

Storm Surge

Global Warming

Acidification

Typhoons

Image credits wwwstormsurgenoaagov| wwwpmelnoaagov| wwwnasagov| wwwscienceblogscom 3

INTRODUCTION

CLIMATE CHANGE

-any significant change in the measures of climate lasting for an extended period of time

-temperature

-precipitation

-wind patterns

Global Warming -recent and ongoing rise in global average temperature caused mostly by increase in concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere -only represents one aspect of climate change

Source US Environmental Protection Agency 4

INTRODUCTION

Source Harley CDG et al(2006) The impacts of climate change in coastal marine systems Ecology Letters 9228-241 | IPCC Climate Change 2014 Synthesis Report

Climate Change Hazards bull uarr Air Temperature bull uarr Sea Surface

Temperature bull Sea Level Rise bull Change in amount

and pattern of rainfall bull Wave energy

5

INTRODUCTION

bull Global average SST increased

ndash Pacific Ocean increased by 031degC from 1950-2009a

ndash Philippines increased by 064degC from 1951-2010b

Source Huang et al (2014) The Climate Data Guide SST data NOAA Extended Reconstruction SSTs Version 3 (ERSSTv3amp3b)| wwwcoralreefwatchnoaagov |a Hoegh-Guldberg et el 2014 The Ocean| b wwwpagasadostgovph

Sea Surface Temperature (SST)

6

INTRODUCTION

Type of change Climatic variable

Impacts Potential Impacts to Fisheries

Fish stocks High SST Change in physiology and sex ratios of fished species Altered timing of spawning migrations andor peak abundance Increased invasive species diseases and algal blooms

Changes in timing and levels of productivity across marine and freshwater systems Reduced production of target species

Source AllisonEH et al (2009) Vulnerability of national economies to the impacts of climate change on fisheries Fish and Fisheries DOI 101111j1467-2979200800310x

IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE TO FISHERIES

7

INTRODUCTION

bull CO2 uptake has decreased ocean pH ndash Implications on biology

of organisms (reproduction growth neural functions etc) and ecosystem processes (reef building primary productivity etc)

Ocean Acidification Decrease in ocean pH

Source IPCC 4th Assessment Report Climate Change 2007| Hoegh-Guldberg et al (2014) 8

INTRODUCTION

Ocean Acidification Decrease in ocean pH

Source IPCC 4th Assessment Report Climate Change 2007| Hoegh-Guldberg et al (2014) 9

INTRODUCTION

bull Global annual land mean precipitation showed small but upward trend over the century ~ 11 mm per decade a

bull In Philippines increasing trend in frequency and intensity of extreme rainfall observed b

Change in frequency and intensity of rainfall

Source a IPCC 4th Assessment Report Climate Change 2007| b wwwpagasadostgovph Image credit IPCC 4th Assessment Report 2007

10

INTRODUCTION

IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE TO FISHERIES

11

Nearshore habitats (Corals seagrass mangroves)

Individual-level response to environmental conditions (food availability temperature etc)

Reduced catch Disappearance of fish

Low income for fishers

Timing of reproduction recruitment Shift in distribution Growth and survival

Reproductive success low Change in species composition

Reduced protection of coasts Coasts more exposed to

wave

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

CLIMATE CHANGE

PEOPLE MARINE

ECOSYSTEM

12 Image credits wwwkomusincom |wwwmotor-kidcom |wwwfoundmyselfcom

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

PHILIPPINES A VERY VULNERABLE COUNTRY

Image credit KreftS and EcksteinD (2014) Global Climate Risk Index 2014 Who Suffers Most from Extreme Weather Events Weather- Related Loss Events in 2012 and 1993 to 2012

13

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Photo credit C Villanoy| Slide courtesy of HOA 14

Map of typhoon frequency in the Philippines

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

PHILIPPINES A VERY VULNERABLE COUNTRY

15 Source Burke LK et al (2011) Reefs at Risk Revisited Washington DC USA World Resources Institute

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

STATUS OF PHILIPPINE CORAL REEFS

16

Figure 3 Philippine map and its biogeographic regions (brown lines Alintildeo and Gomez 1994) showing the color coded hard coral cover data that were surveyed from 2008 to 2014 in 73 municipalities Typhoon paths Blue arrow for Typhoon Washi (Sendong) Red arrow for Typhoon Bopha (Pablo) and Green arrow for Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda)

Source Alintildeo PM et al (2014)Status of Philippine Coral Reefs 2014 (in press)| Burke et al(2011) Reefs at Risk Revisited

Threats to Coral Reefs bull Overfishing bull Destructive Fishing bull Pollution bull Sedimentation bull Coastal Development

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

bull Nearly 60 of the population is dependent on fisheries

bull Fishers are the poorest of the poor sector a

bull Fish stocks in major fishing grounds in the Philippines have been reduced to less than 10 of 1950s level b

bull Average catch rate of Filipino fisherfolks is less than frac12 of what they catch in 1970sc

STATUS OF PHILIPPINE FISHERIES

Sources aCastroLV (2006) Poverty Statistics for the Basic Sector bGreen SJ et al (2003) Philippine Fisheries in Crisis A Framework for Management cMuallil et al (2014)

17

TOOL FOR UNDERSTANDING RESILIENCE OF FISHERIES (VA-TURF)

18

OBJECTIVES

bull To identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull To demonstrate how to link vulnerability assessment results to climate change adaptation

bull To draft action plans towards reducing vulnerability

19

VA-TURF

VA-TURF

20

VA-TURF FEATURES

bull Target end-users Local stakeholders

bull Spatial scale Fishing village or barangay

bull Climate Change hazards considered Waves and storm surge SST

Required data is accessible or easily generated

Analysis (Scoring and ranking) is simple devoid of complicated mathematical equations

Assessment is participatory

Assists in decision-making for the local adaptation strategies

21

VA-TURF FRAMEWORK

22

exposure sensitivity

potential

impact

adaptive

capacity

vulnerability

The extent to which a

regionresource community

experiences changes in climate The degree to which a

system is affected

byresponsive to

climate changes

The ability to

moderate

potential harm

take advantage of

opportunities or

cope with

consequences of

exposure

Sources in OECD 2006

All impacts that may occur

given a projected change in

climate without

considering adaptation

The extent to which a natural system or human society is unable to

cope with the negative impacts of climate change variability and

extremes

Slide courtesy of P Marshall GRMPA Sources in OECD 2006

VA-TURF

23

FRAMEWORK

Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393

Fisheries

Reef Ecosystem

Socioeconomic

VA-TURF

24

FRAMEWORK

Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393

VA-TURF

25

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

26

David Borja Villanoy Hilario Alino 2012 for submission Climatic Change

Wave (Relative Exposure Index)

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

bull Input data

ndash Gridded bathymetry

ndash Digital coastline

ndash Wind data

bull Calculated using WEMo (Wave Exposure Model) (httpwwwccfhrnoaagovstressorswemo)

27

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

28 Source Villanoy CL et al (2013) Chapter 3 Exposure Waves and storm surges In Vulnerability Assessment Tools for Coastal Ecosystem A Guidebook MERF Quezon City

SENSITIVITY

29

VA-TURF FISHERIES

30

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Dominant catches Pelagics (tuna mackerel etc)

Mix of demersal and pelagic species

Demersal species (eg grouper)

Catch rate gt8 kgfisherday 3 to 8 kgfisherday

lt3 kgfisherday

Gear habitat dependence

Mostly mobile gears (eg drift gill nets)

Presence of both types

Habitat-associated gears (eg fixed on seagrass beds)

VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM

31

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Wave-tolerant species relative to total abundance

Pectoral-swimming fishes (labrids scarids acanthurids) greater than 50

Mix of site-attached and mobile fish species 15-50 pectoral swimming fish

Abundant site-attached butteflyfish angelfish damselfish lt15 pectoral swimming fish

Density of coral dependent fish species (Butterflyfish)

lt5 of the total density

5 to 10 of the total density

gt10 of the total density

Coral cover gt50 coral cover 25 to 50 coral cover

lt25 coral cover

VA-TURF SOCIO-ECONOMIC

32

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Population density lt200 individualskm2

(not crowded sparsely distributed)

200 to 400 individualskm2 (moderately crowded)

gt400 individualskm2 (very crowded)

Fisheries ecosystem dependency

lt15 of total population are fishers

15 to 30 of total population are fishers

gt30 of total population are fishers

ADAPTIVE CAPACITY

33

VA-TURF FISHERIES

34

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Habitat size( fishing grounds)

Small (relative to the waters)

Intermediate size Large

Average sizeamount of catch

Mostly small immature fishes

Abundance of small but with few large fishes

Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)

Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries

Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)

Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence

Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence

Change in catch composition

Considerable changes in the last two decades

Few changes in the last two decades

No change in catch composition

VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM

35

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)

Small reef areas fragmented

Intermediate size of areas

Large reef areas

Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)

Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats

One habitat is of poor quality or very far

Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions

VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC

36

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Annual per capita income from fisheries

Below the provincial poverty threshold

Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Fishers with other sources of income

lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood

40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income

gt60 of fishers have other sources of income

Total amount of all income

Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold

Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Computation for Potential Impact (PI)

Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo

(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

From exposure (E) model 1 3

2 4 Use S and E to derive

VA-TURF

37

Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)

Add the scores of the components of

ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in

ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1

2

PI score (from previous

slide)

3

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

4 Use AC and PI to derive

VA-TURF

Reference to derive

ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2

Reference to derive

ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3

1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories

(ldquoRankrdquo)

VA-TURF

Computation for Overall Vulnerability

H M L

VA-TURF

41

NEXT STEPS

ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)

VA-TURF

42

NEXT STEPS

REDUCE Sensitivity amp

Exposure (POTENTIAL

IMPACT)

INCREASE Adaptive Capacity

REDUCE Vulnerability

High Medium

Medium Low

Low Not Vulnerable

INCREASE Resilience

VA-TURF

43

bull Reducing fishing mortality

bull Enhancing stock recovery

bull Sustainable fisheries use

bull Threat reduction on ecosystems

bull Organizing fisher communities

bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity

bull EAFM development with equitability

bull Diversifying livelihood options

Alintildeo et al 2012

ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

44

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

45

NEXT STEPS

Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

47

Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism

Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming

bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors

(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)

CASE STUDY

48

WAVE EXPOSURE

CASE STUDY

49

Fisheries

Reef ecosystem

Socio- economic

Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries

Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats

High population density

VA-TURF

50

ACTIONS

How does the action

reduce vulnerabil

ity (darrPIuarrAC)

UR

GEN

CY

What is needed for implementation

CA

PAC

ITY

Are there

potential negative impacts

(YN)

What is the value added to

address CC concerns

List benefits

eg ecological

socio-economic

Soci

o-

eco

no

mic

Eco

logi

cal

Go

vern

ance

Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)

uarrAC 3

Establish Marine Park coordinates

Establish Marine Park coordinates

3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats

Socio-economic ecological

Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)

darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side

Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance

3 N Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human)

Regulate water sports (island)

darrPI 3

Assess areas where water sports exist

Review for legal basis for zonation

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning

Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat

Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Sustainable fisheries

Stricter implementation

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards

Protect lives livelihood

Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)

uarrAC darrPI 2

Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)

2 Y Natural buffers to erosion

Protection against erosion

51

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

52

POST VA ACTIVITIES

Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone

Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin

Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay

Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay

Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod

SUMMARY

53

bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries

bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation

bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area

SUMMARY

54

bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries

bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact

55

CLIMATE CHANGE

We can do something about it will

56

Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters

Thank you

Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph

Page 2: Assessing vulnerability of fisheries in the Philippines to

o Introduction o Climate Change

o Impacts of Climate Change to Fisheries

o Significance of the study o Philippines as a vulnerable country

o Status of Coral Reefs and Fisheries

o Tool for Understanding Resilience of Fisheries (VA-TURF)

o Case study

o Summary

OUTLINE

2

INTRODUCTION

CLIMATE CHANGE

Storm Surge

Global Warming

Acidification

Typhoons

Image credits wwwstormsurgenoaagov| wwwpmelnoaagov| wwwnasagov| wwwscienceblogscom 3

INTRODUCTION

CLIMATE CHANGE

-any significant change in the measures of climate lasting for an extended period of time

-temperature

-precipitation

-wind patterns

Global Warming -recent and ongoing rise in global average temperature caused mostly by increase in concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere -only represents one aspect of climate change

Source US Environmental Protection Agency 4

INTRODUCTION

Source Harley CDG et al(2006) The impacts of climate change in coastal marine systems Ecology Letters 9228-241 | IPCC Climate Change 2014 Synthesis Report

Climate Change Hazards bull uarr Air Temperature bull uarr Sea Surface

Temperature bull Sea Level Rise bull Change in amount

and pattern of rainfall bull Wave energy

5

INTRODUCTION

bull Global average SST increased

ndash Pacific Ocean increased by 031degC from 1950-2009a

ndash Philippines increased by 064degC from 1951-2010b

Source Huang et al (2014) The Climate Data Guide SST data NOAA Extended Reconstruction SSTs Version 3 (ERSSTv3amp3b)| wwwcoralreefwatchnoaagov |a Hoegh-Guldberg et el 2014 The Ocean| b wwwpagasadostgovph

Sea Surface Temperature (SST)

6

INTRODUCTION

Type of change Climatic variable

Impacts Potential Impacts to Fisheries

Fish stocks High SST Change in physiology and sex ratios of fished species Altered timing of spawning migrations andor peak abundance Increased invasive species diseases and algal blooms

Changes in timing and levels of productivity across marine and freshwater systems Reduced production of target species

Source AllisonEH et al (2009) Vulnerability of national economies to the impacts of climate change on fisheries Fish and Fisheries DOI 101111j1467-2979200800310x

IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE TO FISHERIES

7

INTRODUCTION

bull CO2 uptake has decreased ocean pH ndash Implications on biology

of organisms (reproduction growth neural functions etc) and ecosystem processes (reef building primary productivity etc)

Ocean Acidification Decrease in ocean pH

Source IPCC 4th Assessment Report Climate Change 2007| Hoegh-Guldberg et al (2014) 8

INTRODUCTION

Ocean Acidification Decrease in ocean pH

Source IPCC 4th Assessment Report Climate Change 2007| Hoegh-Guldberg et al (2014) 9

INTRODUCTION

bull Global annual land mean precipitation showed small but upward trend over the century ~ 11 mm per decade a

bull In Philippines increasing trend in frequency and intensity of extreme rainfall observed b

Change in frequency and intensity of rainfall

Source a IPCC 4th Assessment Report Climate Change 2007| b wwwpagasadostgovph Image credit IPCC 4th Assessment Report 2007

10

INTRODUCTION

IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE TO FISHERIES

11

Nearshore habitats (Corals seagrass mangroves)

Individual-level response to environmental conditions (food availability temperature etc)

Reduced catch Disappearance of fish

Low income for fishers

Timing of reproduction recruitment Shift in distribution Growth and survival

Reproductive success low Change in species composition

Reduced protection of coasts Coasts more exposed to

wave

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

CLIMATE CHANGE

PEOPLE MARINE

ECOSYSTEM

12 Image credits wwwkomusincom |wwwmotor-kidcom |wwwfoundmyselfcom

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

PHILIPPINES A VERY VULNERABLE COUNTRY

Image credit KreftS and EcksteinD (2014) Global Climate Risk Index 2014 Who Suffers Most from Extreme Weather Events Weather- Related Loss Events in 2012 and 1993 to 2012

13

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Photo credit C Villanoy| Slide courtesy of HOA 14

Map of typhoon frequency in the Philippines

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

PHILIPPINES A VERY VULNERABLE COUNTRY

15 Source Burke LK et al (2011) Reefs at Risk Revisited Washington DC USA World Resources Institute

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

STATUS OF PHILIPPINE CORAL REEFS

16

Figure 3 Philippine map and its biogeographic regions (brown lines Alintildeo and Gomez 1994) showing the color coded hard coral cover data that were surveyed from 2008 to 2014 in 73 municipalities Typhoon paths Blue arrow for Typhoon Washi (Sendong) Red arrow for Typhoon Bopha (Pablo) and Green arrow for Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda)

Source Alintildeo PM et al (2014)Status of Philippine Coral Reefs 2014 (in press)| Burke et al(2011) Reefs at Risk Revisited

Threats to Coral Reefs bull Overfishing bull Destructive Fishing bull Pollution bull Sedimentation bull Coastal Development

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

bull Nearly 60 of the population is dependent on fisheries

bull Fishers are the poorest of the poor sector a

bull Fish stocks in major fishing grounds in the Philippines have been reduced to less than 10 of 1950s level b

bull Average catch rate of Filipino fisherfolks is less than frac12 of what they catch in 1970sc

STATUS OF PHILIPPINE FISHERIES

Sources aCastroLV (2006) Poverty Statistics for the Basic Sector bGreen SJ et al (2003) Philippine Fisheries in Crisis A Framework for Management cMuallil et al (2014)

17

TOOL FOR UNDERSTANDING RESILIENCE OF FISHERIES (VA-TURF)

18

OBJECTIVES

bull To identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull To demonstrate how to link vulnerability assessment results to climate change adaptation

bull To draft action plans towards reducing vulnerability

19

VA-TURF

VA-TURF

20

VA-TURF FEATURES

bull Target end-users Local stakeholders

bull Spatial scale Fishing village or barangay

bull Climate Change hazards considered Waves and storm surge SST

Required data is accessible or easily generated

Analysis (Scoring and ranking) is simple devoid of complicated mathematical equations

Assessment is participatory

Assists in decision-making for the local adaptation strategies

21

VA-TURF FRAMEWORK

22

exposure sensitivity

potential

impact

adaptive

capacity

vulnerability

The extent to which a

regionresource community

experiences changes in climate The degree to which a

system is affected

byresponsive to

climate changes

The ability to

moderate

potential harm

take advantage of

opportunities or

cope with

consequences of

exposure

Sources in OECD 2006

All impacts that may occur

given a projected change in

climate without

considering adaptation

The extent to which a natural system or human society is unable to

cope with the negative impacts of climate change variability and

extremes

Slide courtesy of P Marshall GRMPA Sources in OECD 2006

VA-TURF

23

FRAMEWORK

Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393

Fisheries

Reef Ecosystem

Socioeconomic

VA-TURF

24

FRAMEWORK

Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393

VA-TURF

25

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

26

David Borja Villanoy Hilario Alino 2012 for submission Climatic Change

Wave (Relative Exposure Index)

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

bull Input data

ndash Gridded bathymetry

ndash Digital coastline

ndash Wind data

bull Calculated using WEMo (Wave Exposure Model) (httpwwwccfhrnoaagovstressorswemo)

27

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

28 Source Villanoy CL et al (2013) Chapter 3 Exposure Waves and storm surges In Vulnerability Assessment Tools for Coastal Ecosystem A Guidebook MERF Quezon City

SENSITIVITY

29

VA-TURF FISHERIES

30

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Dominant catches Pelagics (tuna mackerel etc)

Mix of demersal and pelagic species

Demersal species (eg grouper)

Catch rate gt8 kgfisherday 3 to 8 kgfisherday

lt3 kgfisherday

Gear habitat dependence

Mostly mobile gears (eg drift gill nets)

Presence of both types

Habitat-associated gears (eg fixed on seagrass beds)

VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM

31

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Wave-tolerant species relative to total abundance

Pectoral-swimming fishes (labrids scarids acanthurids) greater than 50

Mix of site-attached and mobile fish species 15-50 pectoral swimming fish

Abundant site-attached butteflyfish angelfish damselfish lt15 pectoral swimming fish

Density of coral dependent fish species (Butterflyfish)

lt5 of the total density

5 to 10 of the total density

gt10 of the total density

Coral cover gt50 coral cover 25 to 50 coral cover

lt25 coral cover

VA-TURF SOCIO-ECONOMIC

32

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Population density lt200 individualskm2

(not crowded sparsely distributed)

200 to 400 individualskm2 (moderately crowded)

gt400 individualskm2 (very crowded)

Fisheries ecosystem dependency

lt15 of total population are fishers

15 to 30 of total population are fishers

gt30 of total population are fishers

ADAPTIVE CAPACITY

33

VA-TURF FISHERIES

34

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Habitat size( fishing grounds)

Small (relative to the waters)

Intermediate size Large

Average sizeamount of catch

Mostly small immature fishes

Abundance of small but with few large fishes

Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)

Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries

Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)

Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence

Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence

Change in catch composition

Considerable changes in the last two decades

Few changes in the last two decades

No change in catch composition

VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM

35

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)

Small reef areas fragmented

Intermediate size of areas

Large reef areas

Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)

Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats

One habitat is of poor quality or very far

Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions

VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC

36

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Annual per capita income from fisheries

Below the provincial poverty threshold

Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Fishers with other sources of income

lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood

40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income

gt60 of fishers have other sources of income

Total amount of all income

Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold

Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Computation for Potential Impact (PI)

Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo

(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

From exposure (E) model 1 3

2 4 Use S and E to derive

VA-TURF

37

Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)

Add the scores of the components of

ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in

ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1

2

PI score (from previous

slide)

3

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

4 Use AC and PI to derive

VA-TURF

Reference to derive

ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2

Reference to derive

ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3

1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories

(ldquoRankrdquo)

VA-TURF

Computation for Overall Vulnerability

H M L

VA-TURF

41

NEXT STEPS

ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)

VA-TURF

42

NEXT STEPS

REDUCE Sensitivity amp

Exposure (POTENTIAL

IMPACT)

INCREASE Adaptive Capacity

REDUCE Vulnerability

High Medium

Medium Low

Low Not Vulnerable

INCREASE Resilience

VA-TURF

43

bull Reducing fishing mortality

bull Enhancing stock recovery

bull Sustainable fisheries use

bull Threat reduction on ecosystems

bull Organizing fisher communities

bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity

bull EAFM development with equitability

bull Diversifying livelihood options

Alintildeo et al 2012

ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

44

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

45

NEXT STEPS

Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

47

Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism

Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming

bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors

(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)

CASE STUDY

48

WAVE EXPOSURE

CASE STUDY

49

Fisheries

Reef ecosystem

Socio- economic

Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries

Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats

High population density

VA-TURF

50

ACTIONS

How does the action

reduce vulnerabil

ity (darrPIuarrAC)

UR

GEN

CY

What is needed for implementation

CA

PAC

ITY

Are there

potential negative impacts

(YN)

What is the value added to

address CC concerns

List benefits

eg ecological

socio-economic

Soci

o-

eco

no

mic

Eco

logi

cal

Go

vern

ance

Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)

uarrAC 3

Establish Marine Park coordinates

Establish Marine Park coordinates

3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats

Socio-economic ecological

Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)

darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side

Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance

3 N Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human)

Regulate water sports (island)

darrPI 3

Assess areas where water sports exist

Review for legal basis for zonation

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning

Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat

Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Sustainable fisheries

Stricter implementation

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards

Protect lives livelihood

Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)

uarrAC darrPI 2

Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)

2 Y Natural buffers to erosion

Protection against erosion

51

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

52

POST VA ACTIVITIES

Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone

Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin

Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay

Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay

Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod

SUMMARY

53

bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries

bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation

bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area

SUMMARY

54

bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries

bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact

55

CLIMATE CHANGE

We can do something about it will

56

Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters

Thank you

Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph

Page 3: Assessing vulnerability of fisheries in the Philippines to

INTRODUCTION

CLIMATE CHANGE

Storm Surge

Global Warming

Acidification

Typhoons

Image credits wwwstormsurgenoaagov| wwwpmelnoaagov| wwwnasagov| wwwscienceblogscom 3

INTRODUCTION

CLIMATE CHANGE

-any significant change in the measures of climate lasting for an extended period of time

-temperature

-precipitation

-wind patterns

Global Warming -recent and ongoing rise in global average temperature caused mostly by increase in concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere -only represents one aspect of climate change

Source US Environmental Protection Agency 4

INTRODUCTION

Source Harley CDG et al(2006) The impacts of climate change in coastal marine systems Ecology Letters 9228-241 | IPCC Climate Change 2014 Synthesis Report

Climate Change Hazards bull uarr Air Temperature bull uarr Sea Surface

Temperature bull Sea Level Rise bull Change in amount

and pattern of rainfall bull Wave energy

5

INTRODUCTION

bull Global average SST increased

ndash Pacific Ocean increased by 031degC from 1950-2009a

ndash Philippines increased by 064degC from 1951-2010b

Source Huang et al (2014) The Climate Data Guide SST data NOAA Extended Reconstruction SSTs Version 3 (ERSSTv3amp3b)| wwwcoralreefwatchnoaagov |a Hoegh-Guldberg et el 2014 The Ocean| b wwwpagasadostgovph

Sea Surface Temperature (SST)

6

INTRODUCTION

Type of change Climatic variable

Impacts Potential Impacts to Fisheries

Fish stocks High SST Change in physiology and sex ratios of fished species Altered timing of spawning migrations andor peak abundance Increased invasive species diseases and algal blooms

Changes in timing and levels of productivity across marine and freshwater systems Reduced production of target species

Source AllisonEH et al (2009) Vulnerability of national economies to the impacts of climate change on fisheries Fish and Fisheries DOI 101111j1467-2979200800310x

IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE TO FISHERIES

7

INTRODUCTION

bull CO2 uptake has decreased ocean pH ndash Implications on biology

of organisms (reproduction growth neural functions etc) and ecosystem processes (reef building primary productivity etc)

Ocean Acidification Decrease in ocean pH

Source IPCC 4th Assessment Report Climate Change 2007| Hoegh-Guldberg et al (2014) 8

INTRODUCTION

Ocean Acidification Decrease in ocean pH

Source IPCC 4th Assessment Report Climate Change 2007| Hoegh-Guldberg et al (2014) 9

INTRODUCTION

bull Global annual land mean precipitation showed small but upward trend over the century ~ 11 mm per decade a

bull In Philippines increasing trend in frequency and intensity of extreme rainfall observed b

Change in frequency and intensity of rainfall

Source a IPCC 4th Assessment Report Climate Change 2007| b wwwpagasadostgovph Image credit IPCC 4th Assessment Report 2007

10

INTRODUCTION

IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE TO FISHERIES

11

Nearshore habitats (Corals seagrass mangroves)

Individual-level response to environmental conditions (food availability temperature etc)

Reduced catch Disappearance of fish

Low income for fishers

Timing of reproduction recruitment Shift in distribution Growth and survival

Reproductive success low Change in species composition

Reduced protection of coasts Coasts more exposed to

wave

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

CLIMATE CHANGE

PEOPLE MARINE

ECOSYSTEM

12 Image credits wwwkomusincom |wwwmotor-kidcom |wwwfoundmyselfcom

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

PHILIPPINES A VERY VULNERABLE COUNTRY

Image credit KreftS and EcksteinD (2014) Global Climate Risk Index 2014 Who Suffers Most from Extreme Weather Events Weather- Related Loss Events in 2012 and 1993 to 2012

13

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Photo credit C Villanoy| Slide courtesy of HOA 14

Map of typhoon frequency in the Philippines

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

PHILIPPINES A VERY VULNERABLE COUNTRY

15 Source Burke LK et al (2011) Reefs at Risk Revisited Washington DC USA World Resources Institute

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

STATUS OF PHILIPPINE CORAL REEFS

16

Figure 3 Philippine map and its biogeographic regions (brown lines Alintildeo and Gomez 1994) showing the color coded hard coral cover data that were surveyed from 2008 to 2014 in 73 municipalities Typhoon paths Blue arrow for Typhoon Washi (Sendong) Red arrow for Typhoon Bopha (Pablo) and Green arrow for Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda)

Source Alintildeo PM et al (2014)Status of Philippine Coral Reefs 2014 (in press)| Burke et al(2011) Reefs at Risk Revisited

Threats to Coral Reefs bull Overfishing bull Destructive Fishing bull Pollution bull Sedimentation bull Coastal Development

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

bull Nearly 60 of the population is dependent on fisheries

bull Fishers are the poorest of the poor sector a

bull Fish stocks in major fishing grounds in the Philippines have been reduced to less than 10 of 1950s level b

bull Average catch rate of Filipino fisherfolks is less than frac12 of what they catch in 1970sc

STATUS OF PHILIPPINE FISHERIES

Sources aCastroLV (2006) Poverty Statistics for the Basic Sector bGreen SJ et al (2003) Philippine Fisheries in Crisis A Framework for Management cMuallil et al (2014)

17

TOOL FOR UNDERSTANDING RESILIENCE OF FISHERIES (VA-TURF)

18

OBJECTIVES

bull To identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull To demonstrate how to link vulnerability assessment results to climate change adaptation

bull To draft action plans towards reducing vulnerability

19

VA-TURF

VA-TURF

20

VA-TURF FEATURES

bull Target end-users Local stakeholders

bull Spatial scale Fishing village or barangay

bull Climate Change hazards considered Waves and storm surge SST

Required data is accessible or easily generated

Analysis (Scoring and ranking) is simple devoid of complicated mathematical equations

Assessment is participatory

Assists in decision-making for the local adaptation strategies

21

VA-TURF FRAMEWORK

22

exposure sensitivity

potential

impact

adaptive

capacity

vulnerability

The extent to which a

regionresource community

experiences changes in climate The degree to which a

system is affected

byresponsive to

climate changes

The ability to

moderate

potential harm

take advantage of

opportunities or

cope with

consequences of

exposure

Sources in OECD 2006

All impacts that may occur

given a projected change in

climate without

considering adaptation

The extent to which a natural system or human society is unable to

cope with the negative impacts of climate change variability and

extremes

Slide courtesy of P Marshall GRMPA Sources in OECD 2006

VA-TURF

23

FRAMEWORK

Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393

Fisheries

Reef Ecosystem

Socioeconomic

VA-TURF

24

FRAMEWORK

Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393

VA-TURF

25

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

26

David Borja Villanoy Hilario Alino 2012 for submission Climatic Change

Wave (Relative Exposure Index)

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

bull Input data

ndash Gridded bathymetry

ndash Digital coastline

ndash Wind data

bull Calculated using WEMo (Wave Exposure Model) (httpwwwccfhrnoaagovstressorswemo)

27

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

28 Source Villanoy CL et al (2013) Chapter 3 Exposure Waves and storm surges In Vulnerability Assessment Tools for Coastal Ecosystem A Guidebook MERF Quezon City

SENSITIVITY

29

VA-TURF FISHERIES

30

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Dominant catches Pelagics (tuna mackerel etc)

Mix of demersal and pelagic species

Demersal species (eg grouper)

Catch rate gt8 kgfisherday 3 to 8 kgfisherday

lt3 kgfisherday

Gear habitat dependence

Mostly mobile gears (eg drift gill nets)

Presence of both types

Habitat-associated gears (eg fixed on seagrass beds)

VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM

31

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Wave-tolerant species relative to total abundance

Pectoral-swimming fishes (labrids scarids acanthurids) greater than 50

Mix of site-attached and mobile fish species 15-50 pectoral swimming fish

Abundant site-attached butteflyfish angelfish damselfish lt15 pectoral swimming fish

Density of coral dependent fish species (Butterflyfish)

lt5 of the total density

5 to 10 of the total density

gt10 of the total density

Coral cover gt50 coral cover 25 to 50 coral cover

lt25 coral cover

VA-TURF SOCIO-ECONOMIC

32

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Population density lt200 individualskm2

(not crowded sparsely distributed)

200 to 400 individualskm2 (moderately crowded)

gt400 individualskm2 (very crowded)

Fisheries ecosystem dependency

lt15 of total population are fishers

15 to 30 of total population are fishers

gt30 of total population are fishers

ADAPTIVE CAPACITY

33

VA-TURF FISHERIES

34

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Habitat size( fishing grounds)

Small (relative to the waters)

Intermediate size Large

Average sizeamount of catch

Mostly small immature fishes

Abundance of small but with few large fishes

Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)

Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries

Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)

Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence

Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence

Change in catch composition

Considerable changes in the last two decades

Few changes in the last two decades

No change in catch composition

VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM

35

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)

Small reef areas fragmented

Intermediate size of areas

Large reef areas

Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)

Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats

One habitat is of poor quality or very far

Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions

VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC

36

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Annual per capita income from fisheries

Below the provincial poverty threshold

Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Fishers with other sources of income

lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood

40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income

gt60 of fishers have other sources of income

Total amount of all income

Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold

Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Computation for Potential Impact (PI)

Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo

(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

From exposure (E) model 1 3

2 4 Use S and E to derive

VA-TURF

37

Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)

Add the scores of the components of

ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in

ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1

2

PI score (from previous

slide)

3

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

4 Use AC and PI to derive

VA-TURF

Reference to derive

ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2

Reference to derive

ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3

1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories

(ldquoRankrdquo)

VA-TURF

Computation for Overall Vulnerability

H M L

VA-TURF

41

NEXT STEPS

ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)

VA-TURF

42

NEXT STEPS

REDUCE Sensitivity amp

Exposure (POTENTIAL

IMPACT)

INCREASE Adaptive Capacity

REDUCE Vulnerability

High Medium

Medium Low

Low Not Vulnerable

INCREASE Resilience

VA-TURF

43

bull Reducing fishing mortality

bull Enhancing stock recovery

bull Sustainable fisheries use

bull Threat reduction on ecosystems

bull Organizing fisher communities

bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity

bull EAFM development with equitability

bull Diversifying livelihood options

Alintildeo et al 2012

ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

44

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

45

NEXT STEPS

Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

47

Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism

Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming

bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors

(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)

CASE STUDY

48

WAVE EXPOSURE

CASE STUDY

49

Fisheries

Reef ecosystem

Socio- economic

Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries

Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats

High population density

VA-TURF

50

ACTIONS

How does the action

reduce vulnerabil

ity (darrPIuarrAC)

UR

GEN

CY

What is needed for implementation

CA

PAC

ITY

Are there

potential negative impacts

(YN)

What is the value added to

address CC concerns

List benefits

eg ecological

socio-economic

Soci

o-

eco

no

mic

Eco

logi

cal

Go

vern

ance

Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)

uarrAC 3

Establish Marine Park coordinates

Establish Marine Park coordinates

3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats

Socio-economic ecological

Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)

darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side

Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance

3 N Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human)

Regulate water sports (island)

darrPI 3

Assess areas where water sports exist

Review for legal basis for zonation

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning

Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat

Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Sustainable fisheries

Stricter implementation

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards

Protect lives livelihood

Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)

uarrAC darrPI 2

Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)

2 Y Natural buffers to erosion

Protection against erosion

51

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

52

POST VA ACTIVITIES

Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone

Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin

Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay

Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay

Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod

SUMMARY

53

bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries

bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation

bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area

SUMMARY

54

bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries

bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact

55

CLIMATE CHANGE

We can do something about it will

56

Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters

Thank you

Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph

Page 4: Assessing vulnerability of fisheries in the Philippines to

INTRODUCTION

CLIMATE CHANGE

-any significant change in the measures of climate lasting for an extended period of time

-temperature

-precipitation

-wind patterns

Global Warming -recent and ongoing rise in global average temperature caused mostly by increase in concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere -only represents one aspect of climate change

Source US Environmental Protection Agency 4

INTRODUCTION

Source Harley CDG et al(2006) The impacts of climate change in coastal marine systems Ecology Letters 9228-241 | IPCC Climate Change 2014 Synthesis Report

Climate Change Hazards bull uarr Air Temperature bull uarr Sea Surface

Temperature bull Sea Level Rise bull Change in amount

and pattern of rainfall bull Wave energy

5

INTRODUCTION

bull Global average SST increased

ndash Pacific Ocean increased by 031degC from 1950-2009a

ndash Philippines increased by 064degC from 1951-2010b

Source Huang et al (2014) The Climate Data Guide SST data NOAA Extended Reconstruction SSTs Version 3 (ERSSTv3amp3b)| wwwcoralreefwatchnoaagov |a Hoegh-Guldberg et el 2014 The Ocean| b wwwpagasadostgovph

Sea Surface Temperature (SST)

6

INTRODUCTION

Type of change Climatic variable

Impacts Potential Impacts to Fisheries

Fish stocks High SST Change in physiology and sex ratios of fished species Altered timing of spawning migrations andor peak abundance Increased invasive species diseases and algal blooms

Changes in timing and levels of productivity across marine and freshwater systems Reduced production of target species

Source AllisonEH et al (2009) Vulnerability of national economies to the impacts of climate change on fisheries Fish and Fisheries DOI 101111j1467-2979200800310x

IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE TO FISHERIES

7

INTRODUCTION

bull CO2 uptake has decreased ocean pH ndash Implications on biology

of organisms (reproduction growth neural functions etc) and ecosystem processes (reef building primary productivity etc)

Ocean Acidification Decrease in ocean pH

Source IPCC 4th Assessment Report Climate Change 2007| Hoegh-Guldberg et al (2014) 8

INTRODUCTION

Ocean Acidification Decrease in ocean pH

Source IPCC 4th Assessment Report Climate Change 2007| Hoegh-Guldberg et al (2014) 9

INTRODUCTION

bull Global annual land mean precipitation showed small but upward trend over the century ~ 11 mm per decade a

bull In Philippines increasing trend in frequency and intensity of extreme rainfall observed b

Change in frequency and intensity of rainfall

Source a IPCC 4th Assessment Report Climate Change 2007| b wwwpagasadostgovph Image credit IPCC 4th Assessment Report 2007

10

INTRODUCTION

IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE TO FISHERIES

11

Nearshore habitats (Corals seagrass mangroves)

Individual-level response to environmental conditions (food availability temperature etc)

Reduced catch Disappearance of fish

Low income for fishers

Timing of reproduction recruitment Shift in distribution Growth and survival

Reproductive success low Change in species composition

Reduced protection of coasts Coasts more exposed to

wave

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

CLIMATE CHANGE

PEOPLE MARINE

ECOSYSTEM

12 Image credits wwwkomusincom |wwwmotor-kidcom |wwwfoundmyselfcom

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

PHILIPPINES A VERY VULNERABLE COUNTRY

Image credit KreftS and EcksteinD (2014) Global Climate Risk Index 2014 Who Suffers Most from Extreme Weather Events Weather- Related Loss Events in 2012 and 1993 to 2012

13

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Photo credit C Villanoy| Slide courtesy of HOA 14

Map of typhoon frequency in the Philippines

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

PHILIPPINES A VERY VULNERABLE COUNTRY

15 Source Burke LK et al (2011) Reefs at Risk Revisited Washington DC USA World Resources Institute

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

STATUS OF PHILIPPINE CORAL REEFS

16

Figure 3 Philippine map and its biogeographic regions (brown lines Alintildeo and Gomez 1994) showing the color coded hard coral cover data that were surveyed from 2008 to 2014 in 73 municipalities Typhoon paths Blue arrow for Typhoon Washi (Sendong) Red arrow for Typhoon Bopha (Pablo) and Green arrow for Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda)

Source Alintildeo PM et al (2014)Status of Philippine Coral Reefs 2014 (in press)| Burke et al(2011) Reefs at Risk Revisited

Threats to Coral Reefs bull Overfishing bull Destructive Fishing bull Pollution bull Sedimentation bull Coastal Development

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

bull Nearly 60 of the population is dependent on fisheries

bull Fishers are the poorest of the poor sector a

bull Fish stocks in major fishing grounds in the Philippines have been reduced to less than 10 of 1950s level b

bull Average catch rate of Filipino fisherfolks is less than frac12 of what they catch in 1970sc

STATUS OF PHILIPPINE FISHERIES

Sources aCastroLV (2006) Poverty Statistics for the Basic Sector bGreen SJ et al (2003) Philippine Fisheries in Crisis A Framework for Management cMuallil et al (2014)

17

TOOL FOR UNDERSTANDING RESILIENCE OF FISHERIES (VA-TURF)

18

OBJECTIVES

bull To identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull To demonstrate how to link vulnerability assessment results to climate change adaptation

bull To draft action plans towards reducing vulnerability

19

VA-TURF

VA-TURF

20

VA-TURF FEATURES

bull Target end-users Local stakeholders

bull Spatial scale Fishing village or barangay

bull Climate Change hazards considered Waves and storm surge SST

Required data is accessible or easily generated

Analysis (Scoring and ranking) is simple devoid of complicated mathematical equations

Assessment is participatory

Assists in decision-making for the local adaptation strategies

21

VA-TURF FRAMEWORK

22

exposure sensitivity

potential

impact

adaptive

capacity

vulnerability

The extent to which a

regionresource community

experiences changes in climate The degree to which a

system is affected

byresponsive to

climate changes

The ability to

moderate

potential harm

take advantage of

opportunities or

cope with

consequences of

exposure

Sources in OECD 2006

All impacts that may occur

given a projected change in

climate without

considering adaptation

The extent to which a natural system or human society is unable to

cope with the negative impacts of climate change variability and

extremes

Slide courtesy of P Marshall GRMPA Sources in OECD 2006

VA-TURF

23

FRAMEWORK

Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393

Fisheries

Reef Ecosystem

Socioeconomic

VA-TURF

24

FRAMEWORK

Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393

VA-TURF

25

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

26

David Borja Villanoy Hilario Alino 2012 for submission Climatic Change

Wave (Relative Exposure Index)

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

bull Input data

ndash Gridded bathymetry

ndash Digital coastline

ndash Wind data

bull Calculated using WEMo (Wave Exposure Model) (httpwwwccfhrnoaagovstressorswemo)

27

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

28 Source Villanoy CL et al (2013) Chapter 3 Exposure Waves and storm surges In Vulnerability Assessment Tools for Coastal Ecosystem A Guidebook MERF Quezon City

SENSITIVITY

29

VA-TURF FISHERIES

30

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Dominant catches Pelagics (tuna mackerel etc)

Mix of demersal and pelagic species

Demersal species (eg grouper)

Catch rate gt8 kgfisherday 3 to 8 kgfisherday

lt3 kgfisherday

Gear habitat dependence

Mostly mobile gears (eg drift gill nets)

Presence of both types

Habitat-associated gears (eg fixed on seagrass beds)

VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM

31

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Wave-tolerant species relative to total abundance

Pectoral-swimming fishes (labrids scarids acanthurids) greater than 50

Mix of site-attached and mobile fish species 15-50 pectoral swimming fish

Abundant site-attached butteflyfish angelfish damselfish lt15 pectoral swimming fish

Density of coral dependent fish species (Butterflyfish)

lt5 of the total density

5 to 10 of the total density

gt10 of the total density

Coral cover gt50 coral cover 25 to 50 coral cover

lt25 coral cover

VA-TURF SOCIO-ECONOMIC

32

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Population density lt200 individualskm2

(not crowded sparsely distributed)

200 to 400 individualskm2 (moderately crowded)

gt400 individualskm2 (very crowded)

Fisheries ecosystem dependency

lt15 of total population are fishers

15 to 30 of total population are fishers

gt30 of total population are fishers

ADAPTIVE CAPACITY

33

VA-TURF FISHERIES

34

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Habitat size( fishing grounds)

Small (relative to the waters)

Intermediate size Large

Average sizeamount of catch

Mostly small immature fishes

Abundance of small but with few large fishes

Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)

Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries

Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)

Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence

Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence

Change in catch composition

Considerable changes in the last two decades

Few changes in the last two decades

No change in catch composition

VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM

35

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)

Small reef areas fragmented

Intermediate size of areas

Large reef areas

Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)

Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats

One habitat is of poor quality or very far

Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions

VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC

36

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Annual per capita income from fisheries

Below the provincial poverty threshold

Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Fishers with other sources of income

lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood

40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income

gt60 of fishers have other sources of income

Total amount of all income

Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold

Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Computation for Potential Impact (PI)

Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo

(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

From exposure (E) model 1 3

2 4 Use S and E to derive

VA-TURF

37

Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)

Add the scores of the components of

ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in

ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1

2

PI score (from previous

slide)

3

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

4 Use AC and PI to derive

VA-TURF

Reference to derive

ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2

Reference to derive

ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3

1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories

(ldquoRankrdquo)

VA-TURF

Computation for Overall Vulnerability

H M L

VA-TURF

41

NEXT STEPS

ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)

VA-TURF

42

NEXT STEPS

REDUCE Sensitivity amp

Exposure (POTENTIAL

IMPACT)

INCREASE Adaptive Capacity

REDUCE Vulnerability

High Medium

Medium Low

Low Not Vulnerable

INCREASE Resilience

VA-TURF

43

bull Reducing fishing mortality

bull Enhancing stock recovery

bull Sustainable fisheries use

bull Threat reduction on ecosystems

bull Organizing fisher communities

bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity

bull EAFM development with equitability

bull Diversifying livelihood options

Alintildeo et al 2012

ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

44

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

45

NEXT STEPS

Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

47

Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism

Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming

bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors

(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)

CASE STUDY

48

WAVE EXPOSURE

CASE STUDY

49

Fisheries

Reef ecosystem

Socio- economic

Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries

Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats

High population density

VA-TURF

50

ACTIONS

How does the action

reduce vulnerabil

ity (darrPIuarrAC)

UR

GEN

CY

What is needed for implementation

CA

PAC

ITY

Are there

potential negative impacts

(YN)

What is the value added to

address CC concerns

List benefits

eg ecological

socio-economic

Soci

o-

eco

no

mic

Eco

logi

cal

Go

vern

ance

Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)

uarrAC 3

Establish Marine Park coordinates

Establish Marine Park coordinates

3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats

Socio-economic ecological

Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)

darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side

Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance

3 N Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human)

Regulate water sports (island)

darrPI 3

Assess areas where water sports exist

Review for legal basis for zonation

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning

Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat

Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Sustainable fisheries

Stricter implementation

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards

Protect lives livelihood

Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)

uarrAC darrPI 2

Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)

2 Y Natural buffers to erosion

Protection against erosion

51

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

52

POST VA ACTIVITIES

Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone

Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin

Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay

Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay

Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod

SUMMARY

53

bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries

bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation

bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area

SUMMARY

54

bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries

bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact

55

CLIMATE CHANGE

We can do something about it will

56

Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters

Thank you

Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph

Page 5: Assessing vulnerability of fisheries in the Philippines to

INTRODUCTION

Source Harley CDG et al(2006) The impacts of climate change in coastal marine systems Ecology Letters 9228-241 | IPCC Climate Change 2014 Synthesis Report

Climate Change Hazards bull uarr Air Temperature bull uarr Sea Surface

Temperature bull Sea Level Rise bull Change in amount

and pattern of rainfall bull Wave energy

5

INTRODUCTION

bull Global average SST increased

ndash Pacific Ocean increased by 031degC from 1950-2009a

ndash Philippines increased by 064degC from 1951-2010b

Source Huang et al (2014) The Climate Data Guide SST data NOAA Extended Reconstruction SSTs Version 3 (ERSSTv3amp3b)| wwwcoralreefwatchnoaagov |a Hoegh-Guldberg et el 2014 The Ocean| b wwwpagasadostgovph

Sea Surface Temperature (SST)

6

INTRODUCTION

Type of change Climatic variable

Impacts Potential Impacts to Fisheries

Fish stocks High SST Change in physiology and sex ratios of fished species Altered timing of spawning migrations andor peak abundance Increased invasive species diseases and algal blooms

Changes in timing and levels of productivity across marine and freshwater systems Reduced production of target species

Source AllisonEH et al (2009) Vulnerability of national economies to the impacts of climate change on fisheries Fish and Fisheries DOI 101111j1467-2979200800310x

IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE TO FISHERIES

7

INTRODUCTION

bull CO2 uptake has decreased ocean pH ndash Implications on biology

of organisms (reproduction growth neural functions etc) and ecosystem processes (reef building primary productivity etc)

Ocean Acidification Decrease in ocean pH

Source IPCC 4th Assessment Report Climate Change 2007| Hoegh-Guldberg et al (2014) 8

INTRODUCTION

Ocean Acidification Decrease in ocean pH

Source IPCC 4th Assessment Report Climate Change 2007| Hoegh-Guldberg et al (2014) 9

INTRODUCTION

bull Global annual land mean precipitation showed small but upward trend over the century ~ 11 mm per decade a

bull In Philippines increasing trend in frequency and intensity of extreme rainfall observed b

Change in frequency and intensity of rainfall

Source a IPCC 4th Assessment Report Climate Change 2007| b wwwpagasadostgovph Image credit IPCC 4th Assessment Report 2007

10

INTRODUCTION

IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE TO FISHERIES

11

Nearshore habitats (Corals seagrass mangroves)

Individual-level response to environmental conditions (food availability temperature etc)

Reduced catch Disappearance of fish

Low income for fishers

Timing of reproduction recruitment Shift in distribution Growth and survival

Reproductive success low Change in species composition

Reduced protection of coasts Coasts more exposed to

wave

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

CLIMATE CHANGE

PEOPLE MARINE

ECOSYSTEM

12 Image credits wwwkomusincom |wwwmotor-kidcom |wwwfoundmyselfcom

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

PHILIPPINES A VERY VULNERABLE COUNTRY

Image credit KreftS and EcksteinD (2014) Global Climate Risk Index 2014 Who Suffers Most from Extreme Weather Events Weather- Related Loss Events in 2012 and 1993 to 2012

13

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Photo credit C Villanoy| Slide courtesy of HOA 14

Map of typhoon frequency in the Philippines

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

PHILIPPINES A VERY VULNERABLE COUNTRY

15 Source Burke LK et al (2011) Reefs at Risk Revisited Washington DC USA World Resources Institute

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

STATUS OF PHILIPPINE CORAL REEFS

16

Figure 3 Philippine map and its biogeographic regions (brown lines Alintildeo and Gomez 1994) showing the color coded hard coral cover data that were surveyed from 2008 to 2014 in 73 municipalities Typhoon paths Blue arrow for Typhoon Washi (Sendong) Red arrow for Typhoon Bopha (Pablo) and Green arrow for Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda)

Source Alintildeo PM et al (2014)Status of Philippine Coral Reefs 2014 (in press)| Burke et al(2011) Reefs at Risk Revisited

Threats to Coral Reefs bull Overfishing bull Destructive Fishing bull Pollution bull Sedimentation bull Coastal Development

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

bull Nearly 60 of the population is dependent on fisheries

bull Fishers are the poorest of the poor sector a

bull Fish stocks in major fishing grounds in the Philippines have been reduced to less than 10 of 1950s level b

bull Average catch rate of Filipino fisherfolks is less than frac12 of what they catch in 1970sc

STATUS OF PHILIPPINE FISHERIES

Sources aCastroLV (2006) Poverty Statistics for the Basic Sector bGreen SJ et al (2003) Philippine Fisheries in Crisis A Framework for Management cMuallil et al (2014)

17

TOOL FOR UNDERSTANDING RESILIENCE OF FISHERIES (VA-TURF)

18

OBJECTIVES

bull To identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull To demonstrate how to link vulnerability assessment results to climate change adaptation

bull To draft action plans towards reducing vulnerability

19

VA-TURF

VA-TURF

20

VA-TURF FEATURES

bull Target end-users Local stakeholders

bull Spatial scale Fishing village or barangay

bull Climate Change hazards considered Waves and storm surge SST

Required data is accessible or easily generated

Analysis (Scoring and ranking) is simple devoid of complicated mathematical equations

Assessment is participatory

Assists in decision-making for the local adaptation strategies

21

VA-TURF FRAMEWORK

22

exposure sensitivity

potential

impact

adaptive

capacity

vulnerability

The extent to which a

regionresource community

experiences changes in climate The degree to which a

system is affected

byresponsive to

climate changes

The ability to

moderate

potential harm

take advantage of

opportunities or

cope with

consequences of

exposure

Sources in OECD 2006

All impacts that may occur

given a projected change in

climate without

considering adaptation

The extent to which a natural system or human society is unable to

cope with the negative impacts of climate change variability and

extremes

Slide courtesy of P Marshall GRMPA Sources in OECD 2006

VA-TURF

23

FRAMEWORK

Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393

Fisheries

Reef Ecosystem

Socioeconomic

VA-TURF

24

FRAMEWORK

Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393

VA-TURF

25

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

26

David Borja Villanoy Hilario Alino 2012 for submission Climatic Change

Wave (Relative Exposure Index)

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

bull Input data

ndash Gridded bathymetry

ndash Digital coastline

ndash Wind data

bull Calculated using WEMo (Wave Exposure Model) (httpwwwccfhrnoaagovstressorswemo)

27

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

28 Source Villanoy CL et al (2013) Chapter 3 Exposure Waves and storm surges In Vulnerability Assessment Tools for Coastal Ecosystem A Guidebook MERF Quezon City

SENSITIVITY

29

VA-TURF FISHERIES

30

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Dominant catches Pelagics (tuna mackerel etc)

Mix of demersal and pelagic species

Demersal species (eg grouper)

Catch rate gt8 kgfisherday 3 to 8 kgfisherday

lt3 kgfisherday

Gear habitat dependence

Mostly mobile gears (eg drift gill nets)

Presence of both types

Habitat-associated gears (eg fixed on seagrass beds)

VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM

31

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Wave-tolerant species relative to total abundance

Pectoral-swimming fishes (labrids scarids acanthurids) greater than 50

Mix of site-attached and mobile fish species 15-50 pectoral swimming fish

Abundant site-attached butteflyfish angelfish damselfish lt15 pectoral swimming fish

Density of coral dependent fish species (Butterflyfish)

lt5 of the total density

5 to 10 of the total density

gt10 of the total density

Coral cover gt50 coral cover 25 to 50 coral cover

lt25 coral cover

VA-TURF SOCIO-ECONOMIC

32

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Population density lt200 individualskm2

(not crowded sparsely distributed)

200 to 400 individualskm2 (moderately crowded)

gt400 individualskm2 (very crowded)

Fisheries ecosystem dependency

lt15 of total population are fishers

15 to 30 of total population are fishers

gt30 of total population are fishers

ADAPTIVE CAPACITY

33

VA-TURF FISHERIES

34

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Habitat size( fishing grounds)

Small (relative to the waters)

Intermediate size Large

Average sizeamount of catch

Mostly small immature fishes

Abundance of small but with few large fishes

Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)

Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries

Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)

Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence

Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence

Change in catch composition

Considerable changes in the last two decades

Few changes in the last two decades

No change in catch composition

VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM

35

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)

Small reef areas fragmented

Intermediate size of areas

Large reef areas

Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)

Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats

One habitat is of poor quality or very far

Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions

VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC

36

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Annual per capita income from fisheries

Below the provincial poverty threshold

Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Fishers with other sources of income

lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood

40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income

gt60 of fishers have other sources of income

Total amount of all income

Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold

Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Computation for Potential Impact (PI)

Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo

(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

From exposure (E) model 1 3

2 4 Use S and E to derive

VA-TURF

37

Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)

Add the scores of the components of

ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in

ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1

2

PI score (from previous

slide)

3

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

4 Use AC and PI to derive

VA-TURF

Reference to derive

ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2

Reference to derive

ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3

1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories

(ldquoRankrdquo)

VA-TURF

Computation for Overall Vulnerability

H M L

VA-TURF

41

NEXT STEPS

ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)

VA-TURF

42

NEXT STEPS

REDUCE Sensitivity amp

Exposure (POTENTIAL

IMPACT)

INCREASE Adaptive Capacity

REDUCE Vulnerability

High Medium

Medium Low

Low Not Vulnerable

INCREASE Resilience

VA-TURF

43

bull Reducing fishing mortality

bull Enhancing stock recovery

bull Sustainable fisheries use

bull Threat reduction on ecosystems

bull Organizing fisher communities

bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity

bull EAFM development with equitability

bull Diversifying livelihood options

Alintildeo et al 2012

ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

44

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

45

NEXT STEPS

Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

47

Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism

Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming

bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors

(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)

CASE STUDY

48

WAVE EXPOSURE

CASE STUDY

49

Fisheries

Reef ecosystem

Socio- economic

Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries

Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats

High population density

VA-TURF

50

ACTIONS

How does the action

reduce vulnerabil

ity (darrPIuarrAC)

UR

GEN

CY

What is needed for implementation

CA

PAC

ITY

Are there

potential negative impacts

(YN)

What is the value added to

address CC concerns

List benefits

eg ecological

socio-economic

Soci

o-

eco

no

mic

Eco

logi

cal

Go

vern

ance

Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)

uarrAC 3

Establish Marine Park coordinates

Establish Marine Park coordinates

3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats

Socio-economic ecological

Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)

darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side

Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance

3 N Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human)

Regulate water sports (island)

darrPI 3

Assess areas where water sports exist

Review for legal basis for zonation

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning

Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat

Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Sustainable fisheries

Stricter implementation

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards

Protect lives livelihood

Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)

uarrAC darrPI 2

Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)

2 Y Natural buffers to erosion

Protection against erosion

51

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

52

POST VA ACTIVITIES

Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone

Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin

Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay

Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay

Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod

SUMMARY

53

bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries

bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation

bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area

SUMMARY

54

bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries

bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact

55

CLIMATE CHANGE

We can do something about it will

56

Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters

Thank you

Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph

Page 6: Assessing vulnerability of fisheries in the Philippines to

INTRODUCTION

bull Global average SST increased

ndash Pacific Ocean increased by 031degC from 1950-2009a

ndash Philippines increased by 064degC from 1951-2010b

Source Huang et al (2014) The Climate Data Guide SST data NOAA Extended Reconstruction SSTs Version 3 (ERSSTv3amp3b)| wwwcoralreefwatchnoaagov |a Hoegh-Guldberg et el 2014 The Ocean| b wwwpagasadostgovph

Sea Surface Temperature (SST)

6

INTRODUCTION

Type of change Climatic variable

Impacts Potential Impacts to Fisheries

Fish stocks High SST Change in physiology and sex ratios of fished species Altered timing of spawning migrations andor peak abundance Increased invasive species diseases and algal blooms

Changes in timing and levels of productivity across marine and freshwater systems Reduced production of target species

Source AllisonEH et al (2009) Vulnerability of national economies to the impacts of climate change on fisheries Fish and Fisheries DOI 101111j1467-2979200800310x

IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE TO FISHERIES

7

INTRODUCTION

bull CO2 uptake has decreased ocean pH ndash Implications on biology

of organisms (reproduction growth neural functions etc) and ecosystem processes (reef building primary productivity etc)

Ocean Acidification Decrease in ocean pH

Source IPCC 4th Assessment Report Climate Change 2007| Hoegh-Guldberg et al (2014) 8

INTRODUCTION

Ocean Acidification Decrease in ocean pH

Source IPCC 4th Assessment Report Climate Change 2007| Hoegh-Guldberg et al (2014) 9

INTRODUCTION

bull Global annual land mean precipitation showed small but upward trend over the century ~ 11 mm per decade a

bull In Philippines increasing trend in frequency and intensity of extreme rainfall observed b

Change in frequency and intensity of rainfall

Source a IPCC 4th Assessment Report Climate Change 2007| b wwwpagasadostgovph Image credit IPCC 4th Assessment Report 2007

10

INTRODUCTION

IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE TO FISHERIES

11

Nearshore habitats (Corals seagrass mangroves)

Individual-level response to environmental conditions (food availability temperature etc)

Reduced catch Disappearance of fish

Low income for fishers

Timing of reproduction recruitment Shift in distribution Growth and survival

Reproductive success low Change in species composition

Reduced protection of coasts Coasts more exposed to

wave

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

CLIMATE CHANGE

PEOPLE MARINE

ECOSYSTEM

12 Image credits wwwkomusincom |wwwmotor-kidcom |wwwfoundmyselfcom

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

PHILIPPINES A VERY VULNERABLE COUNTRY

Image credit KreftS and EcksteinD (2014) Global Climate Risk Index 2014 Who Suffers Most from Extreme Weather Events Weather- Related Loss Events in 2012 and 1993 to 2012

13

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Photo credit C Villanoy| Slide courtesy of HOA 14

Map of typhoon frequency in the Philippines

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

PHILIPPINES A VERY VULNERABLE COUNTRY

15 Source Burke LK et al (2011) Reefs at Risk Revisited Washington DC USA World Resources Institute

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

STATUS OF PHILIPPINE CORAL REEFS

16

Figure 3 Philippine map and its biogeographic regions (brown lines Alintildeo and Gomez 1994) showing the color coded hard coral cover data that were surveyed from 2008 to 2014 in 73 municipalities Typhoon paths Blue arrow for Typhoon Washi (Sendong) Red arrow for Typhoon Bopha (Pablo) and Green arrow for Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda)

Source Alintildeo PM et al (2014)Status of Philippine Coral Reefs 2014 (in press)| Burke et al(2011) Reefs at Risk Revisited

Threats to Coral Reefs bull Overfishing bull Destructive Fishing bull Pollution bull Sedimentation bull Coastal Development

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

bull Nearly 60 of the population is dependent on fisheries

bull Fishers are the poorest of the poor sector a

bull Fish stocks in major fishing grounds in the Philippines have been reduced to less than 10 of 1950s level b

bull Average catch rate of Filipino fisherfolks is less than frac12 of what they catch in 1970sc

STATUS OF PHILIPPINE FISHERIES

Sources aCastroLV (2006) Poverty Statistics for the Basic Sector bGreen SJ et al (2003) Philippine Fisheries in Crisis A Framework for Management cMuallil et al (2014)

17

TOOL FOR UNDERSTANDING RESILIENCE OF FISHERIES (VA-TURF)

18

OBJECTIVES

bull To identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull To demonstrate how to link vulnerability assessment results to climate change adaptation

bull To draft action plans towards reducing vulnerability

19

VA-TURF

VA-TURF

20

VA-TURF FEATURES

bull Target end-users Local stakeholders

bull Spatial scale Fishing village or barangay

bull Climate Change hazards considered Waves and storm surge SST

Required data is accessible or easily generated

Analysis (Scoring and ranking) is simple devoid of complicated mathematical equations

Assessment is participatory

Assists in decision-making for the local adaptation strategies

21

VA-TURF FRAMEWORK

22

exposure sensitivity

potential

impact

adaptive

capacity

vulnerability

The extent to which a

regionresource community

experiences changes in climate The degree to which a

system is affected

byresponsive to

climate changes

The ability to

moderate

potential harm

take advantage of

opportunities or

cope with

consequences of

exposure

Sources in OECD 2006

All impacts that may occur

given a projected change in

climate without

considering adaptation

The extent to which a natural system or human society is unable to

cope with the negative impacts of climate change variability and

extremes

Slide courtesy of P Marshall GRMPA Sources in OECD 2006

VA-TURF

23

FRAMEWORK

Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393

Fisheries

Reef Ecosystem

Socioeconomic

VA-TURF

24

FRAMEWORK

Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393

VA-TURF

25

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

26

David Borja Villanoy Hilario Alino 2012 for submission Climatic Change

Wave (Relative Exposure Index)

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

bull Input data

ndash Gridded bathymetry

ndash Digital coastline

ndash Wind data

bull Calculated using WEMo (Wave Exposure Model) (httpwwwccfhrnoaagovstressorswemo)

27

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

28 Source Villanoy CL et al (2013) Chapter 3 Exposure Waves and storm surges In Vulnerability Assessment Tools for Coastal Ecosystem A Guidebook MERF Quezon City

SENSITIVITY

29

VA-TURF FISHERIES

30

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Dominant catches Pelagics (tuna mackerel etc)

Mix of demersal and pelagic species

Demersal species (eg grouper)

Catch rate gt8 kgfisherday 3 to 8 kgfisherday

lt3 kgfisherday

Gear habitat dependence

Mostly mobile gears (eg drift gill nets)

Presence of both types

Habitat-associated gears (eg fixed on seagrass beds)

VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM

31

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Wave-tolerant species relative to total abundance

Pectoral-swimming fishes (labrids scarids acanthurids) greater than 50

Mix of site-attached and mobile fish species 15-50 pectoral swimming fish

Abundant site-attached butteflyfish angelfish damselfish lt15 pectoral swimming fish

Density of coral dependent fish species (Butterflyfish)

lt5 of the total density

5 to 10 of the total density

gt10 of the total density

Coral cover gt50 coral cover 25 to 50 coral cover

lt25 coral cover

VA-TURF SOCIO-ECONOMIC

32

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Population density lt200 individualskm2

(not crowded sparsely distributed)

200 to 400 individualskm2 (moderately crowded)

gt400 individualskm2 (very crowded)

Fisheries ecosystem dependency

lt15 of total population are fishers

15 to 30 of total population are fishers

gt30 of total population are fishers

ADAPTIVE CAPACITY

33

VA-TURF FISHERIES

34

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Habitat size( fishing grounds)

Small (relative to the waters)

Intermediate size Large

Average sizeamount of catch

Mostly small immature fishes

Abundance of small but with few large fishes

Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)

Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries

Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)

Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence

Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence

Change in catch composition

Considerable changes in the last two decades

Few changes in the last two decades

No change in catch composition

VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM

35

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)

Small reef areas fragmented

Intermediate size of areas

Large reef areas

Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)

Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats

One habitat is of poor quality or very far

Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions

VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC

36

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Annual per capita income from fisheries

Below the provincial poverty threshold

Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Fishers with other sources of income

lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood

40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income

gt60 of fishers have other sources of income

Total amount of all income

Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold

Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Computation for Potential Impact (PI)

Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo

(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

From exposure (E) model 1 3

2 4 Use S and E to derive

VA-TURF

37

Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)

Add the scores of the components of

ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in

ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1

2

PI score (from previous

slide)

3

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

4 Use AC and PI to derive

VA-TURF

Reference to derive

ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2

Reference to derive

ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3

1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories

(ldquoRankrdquo)

VA-TURF

Computation for Overall Vulnerability

H M L

VA-TURF

41

NEXT STEPS

ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)

VA-TURF

42

NEXT STEPS

REDUCE Sensitivity amp

Exposure (POTENTIAL

IMPACT)

INCREASE Adaptive Capacity

REDUCE Vulnerability

High Medium

Medium Low

Low Not Vulnerable

INCREASE Resilience

VA-TURF

43

bull Reducing fishing mortality

bull Enhancing stock recovery

bull Sustainable fisheries use

bull Threat reduction on ecosystems

bull Organizing fisher communities

bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity

bull EAFM development with equitability

bull Diversifying livelihood options

Alintildeo et al 2012

ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

44

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

45

NEXT STEPS

Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

47

Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism

Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming

bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors

(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)

CASE STUDY

48

WAVE EXPOSURE

CASE STUDY

49

Fisheries

Reef ecosystem

Socio- economic

Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries

Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats

High population density

VA-TURF

50

ACTIONS

How does the action

reduce vulnerabil

ity (darrPIuarrAC)

UR

GEN

CY

What is needed for implementation

CA

PAC

ITY

Are there

potential negative impacts

(YN)

What is the value added to

address CC concerns

List benefits

eg ecological

socio-economic

Soci

o-

eco

no

mic

Eco

logi

cal

Go

vern

ance

Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)

uarrAC 3

Establish Marine Park coordinates

Establish Marine Park coordinates

3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats

Socio-economic ecological

Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)

darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side

Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance

3 N Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human)

Regulate water sports (island)

darrPI 3

Assess areas where water sports exist

Review for legal basis for zonation

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning

Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat

Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Sustainable fisheries

Stricter implementation

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards

Protect lives livelihood

Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)

uarrAC darrPI 2

Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)

2 Y Natural buffers to erosion

Protection against erosion

51

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

52

POST VA ACTIVITIES

Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone

Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin

Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay

Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay

Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod

SUMMARY

53

bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries

bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation

bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area

SUMMARY

54

bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries

bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact

55

CLIMATE CHANGE

We can do something about it will

56

Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters

Thank you

Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph

Page 7: Assessing vulnerability of fisheries in the Philippines to

INTRODUCTION

Type of change Climatic variable

Impacts Potential Impacts to Fisheries

Fish stocks High SST Change in physiology and sex ratios of fished species Altered timing of spawning migrations andor peak abundance Increased invasive species diseases and algal blooms

Changes in timing and levels of productivity across marine and freshwater systems Reduced production of target species

Source AllisonEH et al (2009) Vulnerability of national economies to the impacts of climate change on fisheries Fish and Fisheries DOI 101111j1467-2979200800310x

IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE TO FISHERIES

7

INTRODUCTION

bull CO2 uptake has decreased ocean pH ndash Implications on biology

of organisms (reproduction growth neural functions etc) and ecosystem processes (reef building primary productivity etc)

Ocean Acidification Decrease in ocean pH

Source IPCC 4th Assessment Report Climate Change 2007| Hoegh-Guldberg et al (2014) 8

INTRODUCTION

Ocean Acidification Decrease in ocean pH

Source IPCC 4th Assessment Report Climate Change 2007| Hoegh-Guldberg et al (2014) 9

INTRODUCTION

bull Global annual land mean precipitation showed small but upward trend over the century ~ 11 mm per decade a

bull In Philippines increasing trend in frequency and intensity of extreme rainfall observed b

Change in frequency and intensity of rainfall

Source a IPCC 4th Assessment Report Climate Change 2007| b wwwpagasadostgovph Image credit IPCC 4th Assessment Report 2007

10

INTRODUCTION

IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE TO FISHERIES

11

Nearshore habitats (Corals seagrass mangroves)

Individual-level response to environmental conditions (food availability temperature etc)

Reduced catch Disappearance of fish

Low income for fishers

Timing of reproduction recruitment Shift in distribution Growth and survival

Reproductive success low Change in species composition

Reduced protection of coasts Coasts more exposed to

wave

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

CLIMATE CHANGE

PEOPLE MARINE

ECOSYSTEM

12 Image credits wwwkomusincom |wwwmotor-kidcom |wwwfoundmyselfcom

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

PHILIPPINES A VERY VULNERABLE COUNTRY

Image credit KreftS and EcksteinD (2014) Global Climate Risk Index 2014 Who Suffers Most from Extreme Weather Events Weather- Related Loss Events in 2012 and 1993 to 2012

13

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Photo credit C Villanoy| Slide courtesy of HOA 14

Map of typhoon frequency in the Philippines

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

PHILIPPINES A VERY VULNERABLE COUNTRY

15 Source Burke LK et al (2011) Reefs at Risk Revisited Washington DC USA World Resources Institute

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

STATUS OF PHILIPPINE CORAL REEFS

16

Figure 3 Philippine map and its biogeographic regions (brown lines Alintildeo and Gomez 1994) showing the color coded hard coral cover data that were surveyed from 2008 to 2014 in 73 municipalities Typhoon paths Blue arrow for Typhoon Washi (Sendong) Red arrow for Typhoon Bopha (Pablo) and Green arrow for Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda)

Source Alintildeo PM et al (2014)Status of Philippine Coral Reefs 2014 (in press)| Burke et al(2011) Reefs at Risk Revisited

Threats to Coral Reefs bull Overfishing bull Destructive Fishing bull Pollution bull Sedimentation bull Coastal Development

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

bull Nearly 60 of the population is dependent on fisheries

bull Fishers are the poorest of the poor sector a

bull Fish stocks in major fishing grounds in the Philippines have been reduced to less than 10 of 1950s level b

bull Average catch rate of Filipino fisherfolks is less than frac12 of what they catch in 1970sc

STATUS OF PHILIPPINE FISHERIES

Sources aCastroLV (2006) Poverty Statistics for the Basic Sector bGreen SJ et al (2003) Philippine Fisheries in Crisis A Framework for Management cMuallil et al (2014)

17

TOOL FOR UNDERSTANDING RESILIENCE OF FISHERIES (VA-TURF)

18

OBJECTIVES

bull To identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull To demonstrate how to link vulnerability assessment results to climate change adaptation

bull To draft action plans towards reducing vulnerability

19

VA-TURF

VA-TURF

20

VA-TURF FEATURES

bull Target end-users Local stakeholders

bull Spatial scale Fishing village or barangay

bull Climate Change hazards considered Waves and storm surge SST

Required data is accessible or easily generated

Analysis (Scoring and ranking) is simple devoid of complicated mathematical equations

Assessment is participatory

Assists in decision-making for the local adaptation strategies

21

VA-TURF FRAMEWORK

22

exposure sensitivity

potential

impact

adaptive

capacity

vulnerability

The extent to which a

regionresource community

experiences changes in climate The degree to which a

system is affected

byresponsive to

climate changes

The ability to

moderate

potential harm

take advantage of

opportunities or

cope with

consequences of

exposure

Sources in OECD 2006

All impacts that may occur

given a projected change in

climate without

considering adaptation

The extent to which a natural system or human society is unable to

cope with the negative impacts of climate change variability and

extremes

Slide courtesy of P Marshall GRMPA Sources in OECD 2006

VA-TURF

23

FRAMEWORK

Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393

Fisheries

Reef Ecosystem

Socioeconomic

VA-TURF

24

FRAMEWORK

Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393

VA-TURF

25

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

26

David Borja Villanoy Hilario Alino 2012 for submission Climatic Change

Wave (Relative Exposure Index)

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

bull Input data

ndash Gridded bathymetry

ndash Digital coastline

ndash Wind data

bull Calculated using WEMo (Wave Exposure Model) (httpwwwccfhrnoaagovstressorswemo)

27

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

28 Source Villanoy CL et al (2013) Chapter 3 Exposure Waves and storm surges In Vulnerability Assessment Tools for Coastal Ecosystem A Guidebook MERF Quezon City

SENSITIVITY

29

VA-TURF FISHERIES

30

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Dominant catches Pelagics (tuna mackerel etc)

Mix of demersal and pelagic species

Demersal species (eg grouper)

Catch rate gt8 kgfisherday 3 to 8 kgfisherday

lt3 kgfisherday

Gear habitat dependence

Mostly mobile gears (eg drift gill nets)

Presence of both types

Habitat-associated gears (eg fixed on seagrass beds)

VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM

31

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Wave-tolerant species relative to total abundance

Pectoral-swimming fishes (labrids scarids acanthurids) greater than 50

Mix of site-attached and mobile fish species 15-50 pectoral swimming fish

Abundant site-attached butteflyfish angelfish damselfish lt15 pectoral swimming fish

Density of coral dependent fish species (Butterflyfish)

lt5 of the total density

5 to 10 of the total density

gt10 of the total density

Coral cover gt50 coral cover 25 to 50 coral cover

lt25 coral cover

VA-TURF SOCIO-ECONOMIC

32

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Population density lt200 individualskm2

(not crowded sparsely distributed)

200 to 400 individualskm2 (moderately crowded)

gt400 individualskm2 (very crowded)

Fisheries ecosystem dependency

lt15 of total population are fishers

15 to 30 of total population are fishers

gt30 of total population are fishers

ADAPTIVE CAPACITY

33

VA-TURF FISHERIES

34

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Habitat size( fishing grounds)

Small (relative to the waters)

Intermediate size Large

Average sizeamount of catch

Mostly small immature fishes

Abundance of small but with few large fishes

Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)

Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries

Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)

Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence

Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence

Change in catch composition

Considerable changes in the last two decades

Few changes in the last two decades

No change in catch composition

VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM

35

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)

Small reef areas fragmented

Intermediate size of areas

Large reef areas

Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)

Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats

One habitat is of poor quality or very far

Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions

VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC

36

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Annual per capita income from fisheries

Below the provincial poverty threshold

Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Fishers with other sources of income

lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood

40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income

gt60 of fishers have other sources of income

Total amount of all income

Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold

Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Computation for Potential Impact (PI)

Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo

(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

From exposure (E) model 1 3

2 4 Use S and E to derive

VA-TURF

37

Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)

Add the scores of the components of

ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in

ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1

2

PI score (from previous

slide)

3

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

4 Use AC and PI to derive

VA-TURF

Reference to derive

ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2

Reference to derive

ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3

1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories

(ldquoRankrdquo)

VA-TURF

Computation for Overall Vulnerability

H M L

VA-TURF

41

NEXT STEPS

ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)

VA-TURF

42

NEXT STEPS

REDUCE Sensitivity amp

Exposure (POTENTIAL

IMPACT)

INCREASE Adaptive Capacity

REDUCE Vulnerability

High Medium

Medium Low

Low Not Vulnerable

INCREASE Resilience

VA-TURF

43

bull Reducing fishing mortality

bull Enhancing stock recovery

bull Sustainable fisheries use

bull Threat reduction on ecosystems

bull Organizing fisher communities

bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity

bull EAFM development with equitability

bull Diversifying livelihood options

Alintildeo et al 2012

ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

44

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

45

NEXT STEPS

Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

47

Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism

Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming

bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors

(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)

CASE STUDY

48

WAVE EXPOSURE

CASE STUDY

49

Fisheries

Reef ecosystem

Socio- economic

Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries

Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats

High population density

VA-TURF

50

ACTIONS

How does the action

reduce vulnerabil

ity (darrPIuarrAC)

UR

GEN

CY

What is needed for implementation

CA

PAC

ITY

Are there

potential negative impacts

(YN)

What is the value added to

address CC concerns

List benefits

eg ecological

socio-economic

Soci

o-

eco

no

mic

Eco

logi

cal

Go

vern

ance

Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)

uarrAC 3

Establish Marine Park coordinates

Establish Marine Park coordinates

3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats

Socio-economic ecological

Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)

darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side

Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance

3 N Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human)

Regulate water sports (island)

darrPI 3

Assess areas where water sports exist

Review for legal basis for zonation

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning

Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat

Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Sustainable fisheries

Stricter implementation

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards

Protect lives livelihood

Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)

uarrAC darrPI 2

Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)

2 Y Natural buffers to erosion

Protection against erosion

51

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

52

POST VA ACTIVITIES

Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone

Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin

Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay

Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay

Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod

SUMMARY

53

bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries

bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation

bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area

SUMMARY

54

bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries

bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact

55

CLIMATE CHANGE

We can do something about it will

56

Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters

Thank you

Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph

Page 8: Assessing vulnerability of fisheries in the Philippines to

INTRODUCTION

bull CO2 uptake has decreased ocean pH ndash Implications on biology

of organisms (reproduction growth neural functions etc) and ecosystem processes (reef building primary productivity etc)

Ocean Acidification Decrease in ocean pH

Source IPCC 4th Assessment Report Climate Change 2007| Hoegh-Guldberg et al (2014) 8

INTRODUCTION

Ocean Acidification Decrease in ocean pH

Source IPCC 4th Assessment Report Climate Change 2007| Hoegh-Guldberg et al (2014) 9

INTRODUCTION

bull Global annual land mean precipitation showed small but upward trend over the century ~ 11 mm per decade a

bull In Philippines increasing trend in frequency and intensity of extreme rainfall observed b

Change in frequency and intensity of rainfall

Source a IPCC 4th Assessment Report Climate Change 2007| b wwwpagasadostgovph Image credit IPCC 4th Assessment Report 2007

10

INTRODUCTION

IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE TO FISHERIES

11

Nearshore habitats (Corals seagrass mangroves)

Individual-level response to environmental conditions (food availability temperature etc)

Reduced catch Disappearance of fish

Low income for fishers

Timing of reproduction recruitment Shift in distribution Growth and survival

Reproductive success low Change in species composition

Reduced protection of coasts Coasts more exposed to

wave

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

CLIMATE CHANGE

PEOPLE MARINE

ECOSYSTEM

12 Image credits wwwkomusincom |wwwmotor-kidcom |wwwfoundmyselfcom

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

PHILIPPINES A VERY VULNERABLE COUNTRY

Image credit KreftS and EcksteinD (2014) Global Climate Risk Index 2014 Who Suffers Most from Extreme Weather Events Weather- Related Loss Events in 2012 and 1993 to 2012

13

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Photo credit C Villanoy| Slide courtesy of HOA 14

Map of typhoon frequency in the Philippines

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

PHILIPPINES A VERY VULNERABLE COUNTRY

15 Source Burke LK et al (2011) Reefs at Risk Revisited Washington DC USA World Resources Institute

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

STATUS OF PHILIPPINE CORAL REEFS

16

Figure 3 Philippine map and its biogeographic regions (brown lines Alintildeo and Gomez 1994) showing the color coded hard coral cover data that were surveyed from 2008 to 2014 in 73 municipalities Typhoon paths Blue arrow for Typhoon Washi (Sendong) Red arrow for Typhoon Bopha (Pablo) and Green arrow for Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda)

Source Alintildeo PM et al (2014)Status of Philippine Coral Reefs 2014 (in press)| Burke et al(2011) Reefs at Risk Revisited

Threats to Coral Reefs bull Overfishing bull Destructive Fishing bull Pollution bull Sedimentation bull Coastal Development

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

bull Nearly 60 of the population is dependent on fisheries

bull Fishers are the poorest of the poor sector a

bull Fish stocks in major fishing grounds in the Philippines have been reduced to less than 10 of 1950s level b

bull Average catch rate of Filipino fisherfolks is less than frac12 of what they catch in 1970sc

STATUS OF PHILIPPINE FISHERIES

Sources aCastroLV (2006) Poverty Statistics for the Basic Sector bGreen SJ et al (2003) Philippine Fisheries in Crisis A Framework for Management cMuallil et al (2014)

17

TOOL FOR UNDERSTANDING RESILIENCE OF FISHERIES (VA-TURF)

18

OBJECTIVES

bull To identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull To demonstrate how to link vulnerability assessment results to climate change adaptation

bull To draft action plans towards reducing vulnerability

19

VA-TURF

VA-TURF

20

VA-TURF FEATURES

bull Target end-users Local stakeholders

bull Spatial scale Fishing village or barangay

bull Climate Change hazards considered Waves and storm surge SST

Required data is accessible or easily generated

Analysis (Scoring and ranking) is simple devoid of complicated mathematical equations

Assessment is participatory

Assists in decision-making for the local adaptation strategies

21

VA-TURF FRAMEWORK

22

exposure sensitivity

potential

impact

adaptive

capacity

vulnerability

The extent to which a

regionresource community

experiences changes in climate The degree to which a

system is affected

byresponsive to

climate changes

The ability to

moderate

potential harm

take advantage of

opportunities or

cope with

consequences of

exposure

Sources in OECD 2006

All impacts that may occur

given a projected change in

climate without

considering adaptation

The extent to which a natural system or human society is unable to

cope with the negative impacts of climate change variability and

extremes

Slide courtesy of P Marshall GRMPA Sources in OECD 2006

VA-TURF

23

FRAMEWORK

Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393

Fisheries

Reef Ecosystem

Socioeconomic

VA-TURF

24

FRAMEWORK

Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393

VA-TURF

25

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

26

David Borja Villanoy Hilario Alino 2012 for submission Climatic Change

Wave (Relative Exposure Index)

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

bull Input data

ndash Gridded bathymetry

ndash Digital coastline

ndash Wind data

bull Calculated using WEMo (Wave Exposure Model) (httpwwwccfhrnoaagovstressorswemo)

27

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

28 Source Villanoy CL et al (2013) Chapter 3 Exposure Waves and storm surges In Vulnerability Assessment Tools for Coastal Ecosystem A Guidebook MERF Quezon City

SENSITIVITY

29

VA-TURF FISHERIES

30

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Dominant catches Pelagics (tuna mackerel etc)

Mix of demersal and pelagic species

Demersal species (eg grouper)

Catch rate gt8 kgfisherday 3 to 8 kgfisherday

lt3 kgfisherday

Gear habitat dependence

Mostly mobile gears (eg drift gill nets)

Presence of both types

Habitat-associated gears (eg fixed on seagrass beds)

VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM

31

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Wave-tolerant species relative to total abundance

Pectoral-swimming fishes (labrids scarids acanthurids) greater than 50

Mix of site-attached and mobile fish species 15-50 pectoral swimming fish

Abundant site-attached butteflyfish angelfish damselfish lt15 pectoral swimming fish

Density of coral dependent fish species (Butterflyfish)

lt5 of the total density

5 to 10 of the total density

gt10 of the total density

Coral cover gt50 coral cover 25 to 50 coral cover

lt25 coral cover

VA-TURF SOCIO-ECONOMIC

32

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Population density lt200 individualskm2

(not crowded sparsely distributed)

200 to 400 individualskm2 (moderately crowded)

gt400 individualskm2 (very crowded)

Fisheries ecosystem dependency

lt15 of total population are fishers

15 to 30 of total population are fishers

gt30 of total population are fishers

ADAPTIVE CAPACITY

33

VA-TURF FISHERIES

34

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Habitat size( fishing grounds)

Small (relative to the waters)

Intermediate size Large

Average sizeamount of catch

Mostly small immature fishes

Abundance of small but with few large fishes

Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)

Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries

Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)

Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence

Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence

Change in catch composition

Considerable changes in the last two decades

Few changes in the last two decades

No change in catch composition

VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM

35

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)

Small reef areas fragmented

Intermediate size of areas

Large reef areas

Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)

Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats

One habitat is of poor quality or very far

Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions

VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC

36

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Annual per capita income from fisheries

Below the provincial poverty threshold

Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Fishers with other sources of income

lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood

40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income

gt60 of fishers have other sources of income

Total amount of all income

Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold

Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Computation for Potential Impact (PI)

Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo

(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

From exposure (E) model 1 3

2 4 Use S and E to derive

VA-TURF

37

Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)

Add the scores of the components of

ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in

ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1

2

PI score (from previous

slide)

3

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

4 Use AC and PI to derive

VA-TURF

Reference to derive

ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2

Reference to derive

ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3

1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories

(ldquoRankrdquo)

VA-TURF

Computation for Overall Vulnerability

H M L

VA-TURF

41

NEXT STEPS

ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)

VA-TURF

42

NEXT STEPS

REDUCE Sensitivity amp

Exposure (POTENTIAL

IMPACT)

INCREASE Adaptive Capacity

REDUCE Vulnerability

High Medium

Medium Low

Low Not Vulnerable

INCREASE Resilience

VA-TURF

43

bull Reducing fishing mortality

bull Enhancing stock recovery

bull Sustainable fisheries use

bull Threat reduction on ecosystems

bull Organizing fisher communities

bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity

bull EAFM development with equitability

bull Diversifying livelihood options

Alintildeo et al 2012

ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

44

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

45

NEXT STEPS

Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

47

Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism

Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming

bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors

(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)

CASE STUDY

48

WAVE EXPOSURE

CASE STUDY

49

Fisheries

Reef ecosystem

Socio- economic

Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries

Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats

High population density

VA-TURF

50

ACTIONS

How does the action

reduce vulnerabil

ity (darrPIuarrAC)

UR

GEN

CY

What is needed for implementation

CA

PAC

ITY

Are there

potential negative impacts

(YN)

What is the value added to

address CC concerns

List benefits

eg ecological

socio-economic

Soci

o-

eco

no

mic

Eco

logi

cal

Go

vern

ance

Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)

uarrAC 3

Establish Marine Park coordinates

Establish Marine Park coordinates

3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats

Socio-economic ecological

Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)

darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side

Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance

3 N Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human)

Regulate water sports (island)

darrPI 3

Assess areas where water sports exist

Review for legal basis for zonation

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning

Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat

Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Sustainable fisheries

Stricter implementation

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards

Protect lives livelihood

Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)

uarrAC darrPI 2

Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)

2 Y Natural buffers to erosion

Protection against erosion

51

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

52

POST VA ACTIVITIES

Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone

Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin

Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay

Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay

Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod

SUMMARY

53

bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries

bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation

bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area

SUMMARY

54

bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries

bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact

55

CLIMATE CHANGE

We can do something about it will

56

Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters

Thank you

Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph

Page 9: Assessing vulnerability of fisheries in the Philippines to

INTRODUCTION

Ocean Acidification Decrease in ocean pH

Source IPCC 4th Assessment Report Climate Change 2007| Hoegh-Guldberg et al (2014) 9

INTRODUCTION

bull Global annual land mean precipitation showed small but upward trend over the century ~ 11 mm per decade a

bull In Philippines increasing trend in frequency and intensity of extreme rainfall observed b

Change in frequency and intensity of rainfall

Source a IPCC 4th Assessment Report Climate Change 2007| b wwwpagasadostgovph Image credit IPCC 4th Assessment Report 2007

10

INTRODUCTION

IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE TO FISHERIES

11

Nearshore habitats (Corals seagrass mangroves)

Individual-level response to environmental conditions (food availability temperature etc)

Reduced catch Disappearance of fish

Low income for fishers

Timing of reproduction recruitment Shift in distribution Growth and survival

Reproductive success low Change in species composition

Reduced protection of coasts Coasts more exposed to

wave

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

CLIMATE CHANGE

PEOPLE MARINE

ECOSYSTEM

12 Image credits wwwkomusincom |wwwmotor-kidcom |wwwfoundmyselfcom

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

PHILIPPINES A VERY VULNERABLE COUNTRY

Image credit KreftS and EcksteinD (2014) Global Climate Risk Index 2014 Who Suffers Most from Extreme Weather Events Weather- Related Loss Events in 2012 and 1993 to 2012

13

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Photo credit C Villanoy| Slide courtesy of HOA 14

Map of typhoon frequency in the Philippines

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

PHILIPPINES A VERY VULNERABLE COUNTRY

15 Source Burke LK et al (2011) Reefs at Risk Revisited Washington DC USA World Resources Institute

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

STATUS OF PHILIPPINE CORAL REEFS

16

Figure 3 Philippine map and its biogeographic regions (brown lines Alintildeo and Gomez 1994) showing the color coded hard coral cover data that were surveyed from 2008 to 2014 in 73 municipalities Typhoon paths Blue arrow for Typhoon Washi (Sendong) Red arrow for Typhoon Bopha (Pablo) and Green arrow for Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda)

Source Alintildeo PM et al (2014)Status of Philippine Coral Reefs 2014 (in press)| Burke et al(2011) Reefs at Risk Revisited

Threats to Coral Reefs bull Overfishing bull Destructive Fishing bull Pollution bull Sedimentation bull Coastal Development

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

bull Nearly 60 of the population is dependent on fisheries

bull Fishers are the poorest of the poor sector a

bull Fish stocks in major fishing grounds in the Philippines have been reduced to less than 10 of 1950s level b

bull Average catch rate of Filipino fisherfolks is less than frac12 of what they catch in 1970sc

STATUS OF PHILIPPINE FISHERIES

Sources aCastroLV (2006) Poverty Statistics for the Basic Sector bGreen SJ et al (2003) Philippine Fisheries in Crisis A Framework for Management cMuallil et al (2014)

17

TOOL FOR UNDERSTANDING RESILIENCE OF FISHERIES (VA-TURF)

18

OBJECTIVES

bull To identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull To demonstrate how to link vulnerability assessment results to climate change adaptation

bull To draft action plans towards reducing vulnerability

19

VA-TURF

VA-TURF

20

VA-TURF FEATURES

bull Target end-users Local stakeholders

bull Spatial scale Fishing village or barangay

bull Climate Change hazards considered Waves and storm surge SST

Required data is accessible or easily generated

Analysis (Scoring and ranking) is simple devoid of complicated mathematical equations

Assessment is participatory

Assists in decision-making for the local adaptation strategies

21

VA-TURF FRAMEWORK

22

exposure sensitivity

potential

impact

adaptive

capacity

vulnerability

The extent to which a

regionresource community

experiences changes in climate The degree to which a

system is affected

byresponsive to

climate changes

The ability to

moderate

potential harm

take advantage of

opportunities or

cope with

consequences of

exposure

Sources in OECD 2006

All impacts that may occur

given a projected change in

climate without

considering adaptation

The extent to which a natural system or human society is unable to

cope with the negative impacts of climate change variability and

extremes

Slide courtesy of P Marshall GRMPA Sources in OECD 2006

VA-TURF

23

FRAMEWORK

Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393

Fisheries

Reef Ecosystem

Socioeconomic

VA-TURF

24

FRAMEWORK

Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393

VA-TURF

25

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

26

David Borja Villanoy Hilario Alino 2012 for submission Climatic Change

Wave (Relative Exposure Index)

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

bull Input data

ndash Gridded bathymetry

ndash Digital coastline

ndash Wind data

bull Calculated using WEMo (Wave Exposure Model) (httpwwwccfhrnoaagovstressorswemo)

27

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

28 Source Villanoy CL et al (2013) Chapter 3 Exposure Waves and storm surges In Vulnerability Assessment Tools for Coastal Ecosystem A Guidebook MERF Quezon City

SENSITIVITY

29

VA-TURF FISHERIES

30

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Dominant catches Pelagics (tuna mackerel etc)

Mix of demersal and pelagic species

Demersal species (eg grouper)

Catch rate gt8 kgfisherday 3 to 8 kgfisherday

lt3 kgfisherday

Gear habitat dependence

Mostly mobile gears (eg drift gill nets)

Presence of both types

Habitat-associated gears (eg fixed on seagrass beds)

VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM

31

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Wave-tolerant species relative to total abundance

Pectoral-swimming fishes (labrids scarids acanthurids) greater than 50

Mix of site-attached and mobile fish species 15-50 pectoral swimming fish

Abundant site-attached butteflyfish angelfish damselfish lt15 pectoral swimming fish

Density of coral dependent fish species (Butterflyfish)

lt5 of the total density

5 to 10 of the total density

gt10 of the total density

Coral cover gt50 coral cover 25 to 50 coral cover

lt25 coral cover

VA-TURF SOCIO-ECONOMIC

32

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Population density lt200 individualskm2

(not crowded sparsely distributed)

200 to 400 individualskm2 (moderately crowded)

gt400 individualskm2 (very crowded)

Fisheries ecosystem dependency

lt15 of total population are fishers

15 to 30 of total population are fishers

gt30 of total population are fishers

ADAPTIVE CAPACITY

33

VA-TURF FISHERIES

34

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Habitat size( fishing grounds)

Small (relative to the waters)

Intermediate size Large

Average sizeamount of catch

Mostly small immature fishes

Abundance of small but with few large fishes

Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)

Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries

Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)

Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence

Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence

Change in catch composition

Considerable changes in the last two decades

Few changes in the last two decades

No change in catch composition

VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM

35

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)

Small reef areas fragmented

Intermediate size of areas

Large reef areas

Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)

Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats

One habitat is of poor quality or very far

Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions

VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC

36

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Annual per capita income from fisheries

Below the provincial poverty threshold

Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Fishers with other sources of income

lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood

40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income

gt60 of fishers have other sources of income

Total amount of all income

Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold

Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Computation for Potential Impact (PI)

Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo

(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

From exposure (E) model 1 3

2 4 Use S and E to derive

VA-TURF

37

Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)

Add the scores of the components of

ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in

ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1

2

PI score (from previous

slide)

3

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

4 Use AC and PI to derive

VA-TURF

Reference to derive

ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2

Reference to derive

ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3

1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories

(ldquoRankrdquo)

VA-TURF

Computation for Overall Vulnerability

H M L

VA-TURF

41

NEXT STEPS

ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)

VA-TURF

42

NEXT STEPS

REDUCE Sensitivity amp

Exposure (POTENTIAL

IMPACT)

INCREASE Adaptive Capacity

REDUCE Vulnerability

High Medium

Medium Low

Low Not Vulnerable

INCREASE Resilience

VA-TURF

43

bull Reducing fishing mortality

bull Enhancing stock recovery

bull Sustainable fisheries use

bull Threat reduction on ecosystems

bull Organizing fisher communities

bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity

bull EAFM development with equitability

bull Diversifying livelihood options

Alintildeo et al 2012

ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

44

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

45

NEXT STEPS

Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

47

Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism

Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming

bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors

(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)

CASE STUDY

48

WAVE EXPOSURE

CASE STUDY

49

Fisheries

Reef ecosystem

Socio- economic

Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries

Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats

High population density

VA-TURF

50

ACTIONS

How does the action

reduce vulnerabil

ity (darrPIuarrAC)

UR

GEN

CY

What is needed for implementation

CA

PAC

ITY

Are there

potential negative impacts

(YN)

What is the value added to

address CC concerns

List benefits

eg ecological

socio-economic

Soci

o-

eco

no

mic

Eco

logi

cal

Go

vern

ance

Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)

uarrAC 3

Establish Marine Park coordinates

Establish Marine Park coordinates

3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats

Socio-economic ecological

Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)

darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side

Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance

3 N Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human)

Regulate water sports (island)

darrPI 3

Assess areas where water sports exist

Review for legal basis for zonation

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning

Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat

Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Sustainable fisheries

Stricter implementation

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards

Protect lives livelihood

Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)

uarrAC darrPI 2

Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)

2 Y Natural buffers to erosion

Protection against erosion

51

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

52

POST VA ACTIVITIES

Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone

Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin

Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay

Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay

Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod

SUMMARY

53

bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries

bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation

bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area

SUMMARY

54

bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries

bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact

55

CLIMATE CHANGE

We can do something about it will

56

Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters

Thank you

Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph

Page 10: Assessing vulnerability of fisheries in the Philippines to

INTRODUCTION

bull Global annual land mean precipitation showed small but upward trend over the century ~ 11 mm per decade a

bull In Philippines increasing trend in frequency and intensity of extreme rainfall observed b

Change in frequency and intensity of rainfall

Source a IPCC 4th Assessment Report Climate Change 2007| b wwwpagasadostgovph Image credit IPCC 4th Assessment Report 2007

10

INTRODUCTION

IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE TO FISHERIES

11

Nearshore habitats (Corals seagrass mangroves)

Individual-level response to environmental conditions (food availability temperature etc)

Reduced catch Disappearance of fish

Low income for fishers

Timing of reproduction recruitment Shift in distribution Growth and survival

Reproductive success low Change in species composition

Reduced protection of coasts Coasts more exposed to

wave

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

CLIMATE CHANGE

PEOPLE MARINE

ECOSYSTEM

12 Image credits wwwkomusincom |wwwmotor-kidcom |wwwfoundmyselfcom

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

PHILIPPINES A VERY VULNERABLE COUNTRY

Image credit KreftS and EcksteinD (2014) Global Climate Risk Index 2014 Who Suffers Most from Extreme Weather Events Weather- Related Loss Events in 2012 and 1993 to 2012

13

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Photo credit C Villanoy| Slide courtesy of HOA 14

Map of typhoon frequency in the Philippines

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

PHILIPPINES A VERY VULNERABLE COUNTRY

15 Source Burke LK et al (2011) Reefs at Risk Revisited Washington DC USA World Resources Institute

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

STATUS OF PHILIPPINE CORAL REEFS

16

Figure 3 Philippine map and its biogeographic regions (brown lines Alintildeo and Gomez 1994) showing the color coded hard coral cover data that were surveyed from 2008 to 2014 in 73 municipalities Typhoon paths Blue arrow for Typhoon Washi (Sendong) Red arrow for Typhoon Bopha (Pablo) and Green arrow for Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda)

Source Alintildeo PM et al (2014)Status of Philippine Coral Reefs 2014 (in press)| Burke et al(2011) Reefs at Risk Revisited

Threats to Coral Reefs bull Overfishing bull Destructive Fishing bull Pollution bull Sedimentation bull Coastal Development

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

bull Nearly 60 of the population is dependent on fisheries

bull Fishers are the poorest of the poor sector a

bull Fish stocks in major fishing grounds in the Philippines have been reduced to less than 10 of 1950s level b

bull Average catch rate of Filipino fisherfolks is less than frac12 of what they catch in 1970sc

STATUS OF PHILIPPINE FISHERIES

Sources aCastroLV (2006) Poverty Statistics for the Basic Sector bGreen SJ et al (2003) Philippine Fisheries in Crisis A Framework for Management cMuallil et al (2014)

17

TOOL FOR UNDERSTANDING RESILIENCE OF FISHERIES (VA-TURF)

18

OBJECTIVES

bull To identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull To demonstrate how to link vulnerability assessment results to climate change adaptation

bull To draft action plans towards reducing vulnerability

19

VA-TURF

VA-TURF

20

VA-TURF FEATURES

bull Target end-users Local stakeholders

bull Spatial scale Fishing village or barangay

bull Climate Change hazards considered Waves and storm surge SST

Required data is accessible or easily generated

Analysis (Scoring and ranking) is simple devoid of complicated mathematical equations

Assessment is participatory

Assists in decision-making for the local adaptation strategies

21

VA-TURF FRAMEWORK

22

exposure sensitivity

potential

impact

adaptive

capacity

vulnerability

The extent to which a

regionresource community

experiences changes in climate The degree to which a

system is affected

byresponsive to

climate changes

The ability to

moderate

potential harm

take advantage of

opportunities or

cope with

consequences of

exposure

Sources in OECD 2006

All impacts that may occur

given a projected change in

climate without

considering adaptation

The extent to which a natural system or human society is unable to

cope with the negative impacts of climate change variability and

extremes

Slide courtesy of P Marshall GRMPA Sources in OECD 2006

VA-TURF

23

FRAMEWORK

Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393

Fisheries

Reef Ecosystem

Socioeconomic

VA-TURF

24

FRAMEWORK

Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393

VA-TURF

25

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

26

David Borja Villanoy Hilario Alino 2012 for submission Climatic Change

Wave (Relative Exposure Index)

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

bull Input data

ndash Gridded bathymetry

ndash Digital coastline

ndash Wind data

bull Calculated using WEMo (Wave Exposure Model) (httpwwwccfhrnoaagovstressorswemo)

27

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

28 Source Villanoy CL et al (2013) Chapter 3 Exposure Waves and storm surges In Vulnerability Assessment Tools for Coastal Ecosystem A Guidebook MERF Quezon City

SENSITIVITY

29

VA-TURF FISHERIES

30

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Dominant catches Pelagics (tuna mackerel etc)

Mix of demersal and pelagic species

Demersal species (eg grouper)

Catch rate gt8 kgfisherday 3 to 8 kgfisherday

lt3 kgfisherday

Gear habitat dependence

Mostly mobile gears (eg drift gill nets)

Presence of both types

Habitat-associated gears (eg fixed on seagrass beds)

VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM

31

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Wave-tolerant species relative to total abundance

Pectoral-swimming fishes (labrids scarids acanthurids) greater than 50

Mix of site-attached and mobile fish species 15-50 pectoral swimming fish

Abundant site-attached butteflyfish angelfish damselfish lt15 pectoral swimming fish

Density of coral dependent fish species (Butterflyfish)

lt5 of the total density

5 to 10 of the total density

gt10 of the total density

Coral cover gt50 coral cover 25 to 50 coral cover

lt25 coral cover

VA-TURF SOCIO-ECONOMIC

32

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Population density lt200 individualskm2

(not crowded sparsely distributed)

200 to 400 individualskm2 (moderately crowded)

gt400 individualskm2 (very crowded)

Fisheries ecosystem dependency

lt15 of total population are fishers

15 to 30 of total population are fishers

gt30 of total population are fishers

ADAPTIVE CAPACITY

33

VA-TURF FISHERIES

34

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Habitat size( fishing grounds)

Small (relative to the waters)

Intermediate size Large

Average sizeamount of catch

Mostly small immature fishes

Abundance of small but with few large fishes

Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)

Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries

Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)

Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence

Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence

Change in catch composition

Considerable changes in the last two decades

Few changes in the last two decades

No change in catch composition

VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM

35

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)

Small reef areas fragmented

Intermediate size of areas

Large reef areas

Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)

Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats

One habitat is of poor quality or very far

Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions

VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC

36

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Annual per capita income from fisheries

Below the provincial poverty threshold

Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Fishers with other sources of income

lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood

40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income

gt60 of fishers have other sources of income

Total amount of all income

Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold

Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Computation for Potential Impact (PI)

Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo

(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

From exposure (E) model 1 3

2 4 Use S and E to derive

VA-TURF

37

Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)

Add the scores of the components of

ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in

ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1

2

PI score (from previous

slide)

3

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

4 Use AC and PI to derive

VA-TURF

Reference to derive

ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2

Reference to derive

ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3

1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories

(ldquoRankrdquo)

VA-TURF

Computation for Overall Vulnerability

H M L

VA-TURF

41

NEXT STEPS

ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)

VA-TURF

42

NEXT STEPS

REDUCE Sensitivity amp

Exposure (POTENTIAL

IMPACT)

INCREASE Adaptive Capacity

REDUCE Vulnerability

High Medium

Medium Low

Low Not Vulnerable

INCREASE Resilience

VA-TURF

43

bull Reducing fishing mortality

bull Enhancing stock recovery

bull Sustainable fisheries use

bull Threat reduction on ecosystems

bull Organizing fisher communities

bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity

bull EAFM development with equitability

bull Diversifying livelihood options

Alintildeo et al 2012

ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

44

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

45

NEXT STEPS

Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

47

Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism

Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming

bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors

(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)

CASE STUDY

48

WAVE EXPOSURE

CASE STUDY

49

Fisheries

Reef ecosystem

Socio- economic

Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries

Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats

High population density

VA-TURF

50

ACTIONS

How does the action

reduce vulnerabil

ity (darrPIuarrAC)

UR

GEN

CY

What is needed for implementation

CA

PAC

ITY

Are there

potential negative impacts

(YN)

What is the value added to

address CC concerns

List benefits

eg ecological

socio-economic

Soci

o-

eco

no

mic

Eco

logi

cal

Go

vern

ance

Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)

uarrAC 3

Establish Marine Park coordinates

Establish Marine Park coordinates

3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats

Socio-economic ecological

Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)

darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side

Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance

3 N Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human)

Regulate water sports (island)

darrPI 3

Assess areas where water sports exist

Review for legal basis for zonation

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning

Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat

Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Sustainable fisheries

Stricter implementation

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards

Protect lives livelihood

Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)

uarrAC darrPI 2

Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)

2 Y Natural buffers to erosion

Protection against erosion

51

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

52

POST VA ACTIVITIES

Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone

Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin

Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay

Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay

Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod

SUMMARY

53

bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries

bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation

bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area

SUMMARY

54

bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries

bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact

55

CLIMATE CHANGE

We can do something about it will

56

Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters

Thank you

Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph

Page 11: Assessing vulnerability of fisheries in the Philippines to

INTRODUCTION

IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE TO FISHERIES

11

Nearshore habitats (Corals seagrass mangroves)

Individual-level response to environmental conditions (food availability temperature etc)

Reduced catch Disappearance of fish

Low income for fishers

Timing of reproduction recruitment Shift in distribution Growth and survival

Reproductive success low Change in species composition

Reduced protection of coasts Coasts more exposed to

wave

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

CLIMATE CHANGE

PEOPLE MARINE

ECOSYSTEM

12 Image credits wwwkomusincom |wwwmotor-kidcom |wwwfoundmyselfcom

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

PHILIPPINES A VERY VULNERABLE COUNTRY

Image credit KreftS and EcksteinD (2014) Global Climate Risk Index 2014 Who Suffers Most from Extreme Weather Events Weather- Related Loss Events in 2012 and 1993 to 2012

13

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Photo credit C Villanoy| Slide courtesy of HOA 14

Map of typhoon frequency in the Philippines

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

PHILIPPINES A VERY VULNERABLE COUNTRY

15 Source Burke LK et al (2011) Reefs at Risk Revisited Washington DC USA World Resources Institute

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

STATUS OF PHILIPPINE CORAL REEFS

16

Figure 3 Philippine map and its biogeographic regions (brown lines Alintildeo and Gomez 1994) showing the color coded hard coral cover data that were surveyed from 2008 to 2014 in 73 municipalities Typhoon paths Blue arrow for Typhoon Washi (Sendong) Red arrow for Typhoon Bopha (Pablo) and Green arrow for Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda)

Source Alintildeo PM et al (2014)Status of Philippine Coral Reefs 2014 (in press)| Burke et al(2011) Reefs at Risk Revisited

Threats to Coral Reefs bull Overfishing bull Destructive Fishing bull Pollution bull Sedimentation bull Coastal Development

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

bull Nearly 60 of the population is dependent on fisheries

bull Fishers are the poorest of the poor sector a

bull Fish stocks in major fishing grounds in the Philippines have been reduced to less than 10 of 1950s level b

bull Average catch rate of Filipino fisherfolks is less than frac12 of what they catch in 1970sc

STATUS OF PHILIPPINE FISHERIES

Sources aCastroLV (2006) Poverty Statistics for the Basic Sector bGreen SJ et al (2003) Philippine Fisheries in Crisis A Framework for Management cMuallil et al (2014)

17

TOOL FOR UNDERSTANDING RESILIENCE OF FISHERIES (VA-TURF)

18

OBJECTIVES

bull To identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull To demonstrate how to link vulnerability assessment results to climate change adaptation

bull To draft action plans towards reducing vulnerability

19

VA-TURF

VA-TURF

20

VA-TURF FEATURES

bull Target end-users Local stakeholders

bull Spatial scale Fishing village or barangay

bull Climate Change hazards considered Waves and storm surge SST

Required data is accessible or easily generated

Analysis (Scoring and ranking) is simple devoid of complicated mathematical equations

Assessment is participatory

Assists in decision-making for the local adaptation strategies

21

VA-TURF FRAMEWORK

22

exposure sensitivity

potential

impact

adaptive

capacity

vulnerability

The extent to which a

regionresource community

experiences changes in climate The degree to which a

system is affected

byresponsive to

climate changes

The ability to

moderate

potential harm

take advantage of

opportunities or

cope with

consequences of

exposure

Sources in OECD 2006

All impacts that may occur

given a projected change in

climate without

considering adaptation

The extent to which a natural system or human society is unable to

cope with the negative impacts of climate change variability and

extremes

Slide courtesy of P Marshall GRMPA Sources in OECD 2006

VA-TURF

23

FRAMEWORK

Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393

Fisheries

Reef Ecosystem

Socioeconomic

VA-TURF

24

FRAMEWORK

Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393

VA-TURF

25

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

26

David Borja Villanoy Hilario Alino 2012 for submission Climatic Change

Wave (Relative Exposure Index)

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

bull Input data

ndash Gridded bathymetry

ndash Digital coastline

ndash Wind data

bull Calculated using WEMo (Wave Exposure Model) (httpwwwccfhrnoaagovstressorswemo)

27

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

28 Source Villanoy CL et al (2013) Chapter 3 Exposure Waves and storm surges In Vulnerability Assessment Tools for Coastal Ecosystem A Guidebook MERF Quezon City

SENSITIVITY

29

VA-TURF FISHERIES

30

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Dominant catches Pelagics (tuna mackerel etc)

Mix of demersal and pelagic species

Demersal species (eg grouper)

Catch rate gt8 kgfisherday 3 to 8 kgfisherday

lt3 kgfisherday

Gear habitat dependence

Mostly mobile gears (eg drift gill nets)

Presence of both types

Habitat-associated gears (eg fixed on seagrass beds)

VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM

31

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Wave-tolerant species relative to total abundance

Pectoral-swimming fishes (labrids scarids acanthurids) greater than 50

Mix of site-attached and mobile fish species 15-50 pectoral swimming fish

Abundant site-attached butteflyfish angelfish damselfish lt15 pectoral swimming fish

Density of coral dependent fish species (Butterflyfish)

lt5 of the total density

5 to 10 of the total density

gt10 of the total density

Coral cover gt50 coral cover 25 to 50 coral cover

lt25 coral cover

VA-TURF SOCIO-ECONOMIC

32

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Population density lt200 individualskm2

(not crowded sparsely distributed)

200 to 400 individualskm2 (moderately crowded)

gt400 individualskm2 (very crowded)

Fisheries ecosystem dependency

lt15 of total population are fishers

15 to 30 of total population are fishers

gt30 of total population are fishers

ADAPTIVE CAPACITY

33

VA-TURF FISHERIES

34

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Habitat size( fishing grounds)

Small (relative to the waters)

Intermediate size Large

Average sizeamount of catch

Mostly small immature fishes

Abundance of small but with few large fishes

Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)

Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries

Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)

Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence

Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence

Change in catch composition

Considerable changes in the last two decades

Few changes in the last two decades

No change in catch composition

VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM

35

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)

Small reef areas fragmented

Intermediate size of areas

Large reef areas

Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)

Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats

One habitat is of poor quality or very far

Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions

VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC

36

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Annual per capita income from fisheries

Below the provincial poverty threshold

Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Fishers with other sources of income

lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood

40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income

gt60 of fishers have other sources of income

Total amount of all income

Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold

Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Computation for Potential Impact (PI)

Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo

(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

From exposure (E) model 1 3

2 4 Use S and E to derive

VA-TURF

37

Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)

Add the scores of the components of

ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in

ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1

2

PI score (from previous

slide)

3

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

4 Use AC and PI to derive

VA-TURF

Reference to derive

ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2

Reference to derive

ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3

1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories

(ldquoRankrdquo)

VA-TURF

Computation for Overall Vulnerability

H M L

VA-TURF

41

NEXT STEPS

ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)

VA-TURF

42

NEXT STEPS

REDUCE Sensitivity amp

Exposure (POTENTIAL

IMPACT)

INCREASE Adaptive Capacity

REDUCE Vulnerability

High Medium

Medium Low

Low Not Vulnerable

INCREASE Resilience

VA-TURF

43

bull Reducing fishing mortality

bull Enhancing stock recovery

bull Sustainable fisheries use

bull Threat reduction on ecosystems

bull Organizing fisher communities

bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity

bull EAFM development with equitability

bull Diversifying livelihood options

Alintildeo et al 2012

ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

44

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

45

NEXT STEPS

Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

47

Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism

Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming

bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors

(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)

CASE STUDY

48

WAVE EXPOSURE

CASE STUDY

49

Fisheries

Reef ecosystem

Socio- economic

Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries

Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats

High population density

VA-TURF

50

ACTIONS

How does the action

reduce vulnerabil

ity (darrPIuarrAC)

UR

GEN

CY

What is needed for implementation

CA

PAC

ITY

Are there

potential negative impacts

(YN)

What is the value added to

address CC concerns

List benefits

eg ecological

socio-economic

Soci

o-

eco

no

mic

Eco

logi

cal

Go

vern

ance

Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)

uarrAC 3

Establish Marine Park coordinates

Establish Marine Park coordinates

3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats

Socio-economic ecological

Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)

darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side

Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance

3 N Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human)

Regulate water sports (island)

darrPI 3

Assess areas where water sports exist

Review for legal basis for zonation

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning

Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat

Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Sustainable fisheries

Stricter implementation

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards

Protect lives livelihood

Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)

uarrAC darrPI 2

Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)

2 Y Natural buffers to erosion

Protection against erosion

51

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

52

POST VA ACTIVITIES

Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone

Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin

Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay

Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay

Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod

SUMMARY

53

bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries

bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation

bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area

SUMMARY

54

bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries

bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact

55

CLIMATE CHANGE

We can do something about it will

56

Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters

Thank you

Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph

Page 12: Assessing vulnerability of fisheries in the Philippines to

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

CLIMATE CHANGE

PEOPLE MARINE

ECOSYSTEM

12 Image credits wwwkomusincom |wwwmotor-kidcom |wwwfoundmyselfcom

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

PHILIPPINES A VERY VULNERABLE COUNTRY

Image credit KreftS and EcksteinD (2014) Global Climate Risk Index 2014 Who Suffers Most from Extreme Weather Events Weather- Related Loss Events in 2012 and 1993 to 2012

13

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Photo credit C Villanoy| Slide courtesy of HOA 14

Map of typhoon frequency in the Philippines

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

PHILIPPINES A VERY VULNERABLE COUNTRY

15 Source Burke LK et al (2011) Reefs at Risk Revisited Washington DC USA World Resources Institute

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

STATUS OF PHILIPPINE CORAL REEFS

16

Figure 3 Philippine map and its biogeographic regions (brown lines Alintildeo and Gomez 1994) showing the color coded hard coral cover data that were surveyed from 2008 to 2014 in 73 municipalities Typhoon paths Blue arrow for Typhoon Washi (Sendong) Red arrow for Typhoon Bopha (Pablo) and Green arrow for Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda)

Source Alintildeo PM et al (2014)Status of Philippine Coral Reefs 2014 (in press)| Burke et al(2011) Reefs at Risk Revisited

Threats to Coral Reefs bull Overfishing bull Destructive Fishing bull Pollution bull Sedimentation bull Coastal Development

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

bull Nearly 60 of the population is dependent on fisheries

bull Fishers are the poorest of the poor sector a

bull Fish stocks in major fishing grounds in the Philippines have been reduced to less than 10 of 1950s level b

bull Average catch rate of Filipino fisherfolks is less than frac12 of what they catch in 1970sc

STATUS OF PHILIPPINE FISHERIES

Sources aCastroLV (2006) Poverty Statistics for the Basic Sector bGreen SJ et al (2003) Philippine Fisheries in Crisis A Framework for Management cMuallil et al (2014)

17

TOOL FOR UNDERSTANDING RESILIENCE OF FISHERIES (VA-TURF)

18

OBJECTIVES

bull To identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull To demonstrate how to link vulnerability assessment results to climate change adaptation

bull To draft action plans towards reducing vulnerability

19

VA-TURF

VA-TURF

20

VA-TURF FEATURES

bull Target end-users Local stakeholders

bull Spatial scale Fishing village or barangay

bull Climate Change hazards considered Waves and storm surge SST

Required data is accessible or easily generated

Analysis (Scoring and ranking) is simple devoid of complicated mathematical equations

Assessment is participatory

Assists in decision-making for the local adaptation strategies

21

VA-TURF FRAMEWORK

22

exposure sensitivity

potential

impact

adaptive

capacity

vulnerability

The extent to which a

regionresource community

experiences changes in climate The degree to which a

system is affected

byresponsive to

climate changes

The ability to

moderate

potential harm

take advantage of

opportunities or

cope with

consequences of

exposure

Sources in OECD 2006

All impacts that may occur

given a projected change in

climate without

considering adaptation

The extent to which a natural system or human society is unable to

cope with the negative impacts of climate change variability and

extremes

Slide courtesy of P Marshall GRMPA Sources in OECD 2006

VA-TURF

23

FRAMEWORK

Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393

Fisheries

Reef Ecosystem

Socioeconomic

VA-TURF

24

FRAMEWORK

Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393

VA-TURF

25

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

26

David Borja Villanoy Hilario Alino 2012 for submission Climatic Change

Wave (Relative Exposure Index)

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

bull Input data

ndash Gridded bathymetry

ndash Digital coastline

ndash Wind data

bull Calculated using WEMo (Wave Exposure Model) (httpwwwccfhrnoaagovstressorswemo)

27

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

28 Source Villanoy CL et al (2013) Chapter 3 Exposure Waves and storm surges In Vulnerability Assessment Tools for Coastal Ecosystem A Guidebook MERF Quezon City

SENSITIVITY

29

VA-TURF FISHERIES

30

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Dominant catches Pelagics (tuna mackerel etc)

Mix of demersal and pelagic species

Demersal species (eg grouper)

Catch rate gt8 kgfisherday 3 to 8 kgfisherday

lt3 kgfisherday

Gear habitat dependence

Mostly mobile gears (eg drift gill nets)

Presence of both types

Habitat-associated gears (eg fixed on seagrass beds)

VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM

31

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Wave-tolerant species relative to total abundance

Pectoral-swimming fishes (labrids scarids acanthurids) greater than 50

Mix of site-attached and mobile fish species 15-50 pectoral swimming fish

Abundant site-attached butteflyfish angelfish damselfish lt15 pectoral swimming fish

Density of coral dependent fish species (Butterflyfish)

lt5 of the total density

5 to 10 of the total density

gt10 of the total density

Coral cover gt50 coral cover 25 to 50 coral cover

lt25 coral cover

VA-TURF SOCIO-ECONOMIC

32

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Population density lt200 individualskm2

(not crowded sparsely distributed)

200 to 400 individualskm2 (moderately crowded)

gt400 individualskm2 (very crowded)

Fisheries ecosystem dependency

lt15 of total population are fishers

15 to 30 of total population are fishers

gt30 of total population are fishers

ADAPTIVE CAPACITY

33

VA-TURF FISHERIES

34

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Habitat size( fishing grounds)

Small (relative to the waters)

Intermediate size Large

Average sizeamount of catch

Mostly small immature fishes

Abundance of small but with few large fishes

Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)

Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries

Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)

Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence

Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence

Change in catch composition

Considerable changes in the last two decades

Few changes in the last two decades

No change in catch composition

VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM

35

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)

Small reef areas fragmented

Intermediate size of areas

Large reef areas

Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)

Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats

One habitat is of poor quality or very far

Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions

VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC

36

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Annual per capita income from fisheries

Below the provincial poverty threshold

Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Fishers with other sources of income

lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood

40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income

gt60 of fishers have other sources of income

Total amount of all income

Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold

Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Computation for Potential Impact (PI)

Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo

(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

From exposure (E) model 1 3

2 4 Use S and E to derive

VA-TURF

37

Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)

Add the scores of the components of

ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in

ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1

2

PI score (from previous

slide)

3

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

4 Use AC and PI to derive

VA-TURF

Reference to derive

ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2

Reference to derive

ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3

1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories

(ldquoRankrdquo)

VA-TURF

Computation for Overall Vulnerability

H M L

VA-TURF

41

NEXT STEPS

ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)

VA-TURF

42

NEXT STEPS

REDUCE Sensitivity amp

Exposure (POTENTIAL

IMPACT)

INCREASE Adaptive Capacity

REDUCE Vulnerability

High Medium

Medium Low

Low Not Vulnerable

INCREASE Resilience

VA-TURF

43

bull Reducing fishing mortality

bull Enhancing stock recovery

bull Sustainable fisheries use

bull Threat reduction on ecosystems

bull Organizing fisher communities

bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity

bull EAFM development with equitability

bull Diversifying livelihood options

Alintildeo et al 2012

ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

44

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

45

NEXT STEPS

Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

47

Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism

Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming

bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors

(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)

CASE STUDY

48

WAVE EXPOSURE

CASE STUDY

49

Fisheries

Reef ecosystem

Socio- economic

Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries

Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats

High population density

VA-TURF

50

ACTIONS

How does the action

reduce vulnerabil

ity (darrPIuarrAC)

UR

GEN

CY

What is needed for implementation

CA

PAC

ITY

Are there

potential negative impacts

(YN)

What is the value added to

address CC concerns

List benefits

eg ecological

socio-economic

Soci

o-

eco

no

mic

Eco

logi

cal

Go

vern

ance

Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)

uarrAC 3

Establish Marine Park coordinates

Establish Marine Park coordinates

3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats

Socio-economic ecological

Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)

darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side

Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance

3 N Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human)

Regulate water sports (island)

darrPI 3

Assess areas where water sports exist

Review for legal basis for zonation

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning

Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat

Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Sustainable fisheries

Stricter implementation

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards

Protect lives livelihood

Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)

uarrAC darrPI 2

Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)

2 Y Natural buffers to erosion

Protection against erosion

51

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

52

POST VA ACTIVITIES

Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone

Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin

Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay

Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay

Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod

SUMMARY

53

bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries

bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation

bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area

SUMMARY

54

bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries

bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact

55

CLIMATE CHANGE

We can do something about it will

56

Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters

Thank you

Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph

Page 13: Assessing vulnerability of fisheries in the Philippines to

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

PHILIPPINES A VERY VULNERABLE COUNTRY

Image credit KreftS and EcksteinD (2014) Global Climate Risk Index 2014 Who Suffers Most from Extreme Weather Events Weather- Related Loss Events in 2012 and 1993 to 2012

13

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Photo credit C Villanoy| Slide courtesy of HOA 14

Map of typhoon frequency in the Philippines

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

PHILIPPINES A VERY VULNERABLE COUNTRY

15 Source Burke LK et al (2011) Reefs at Risk Revisited Washington DC USA World Resources Institute

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

STATUS OF PHILIPPINE CORAL REEFS

16

Figure 3 Philippine map and its biogeographic regions (brown lines Alintildeo and Gomez 1994) showing the color coded hard coral cover data that were surveyed from 2008 to 2014 in 73 municipalities Typhoon paths Blue arrow for Typhoon Washi (Sendong) Red arrow for Typhoon Bopha (Pablo) and Green arrow for Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda)

Source Alintildeo PM et al (2014)Status of Philippine Coral Reefs 2014 (in press)| Burke et al(2011) Reefs at Risk Revisited

Threats to Coral Reefs bull Overfishing bull Destructive Fishing bull Pollution bull Sedimentation bull Coastal Development

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

bull Nearly 60 of the population is dependent on fisheries

bull Fishers are the poorest of the poor sector a

bull Fish stocks in major fishing grounds in the Philippines have been reduced to less than 10 of 1950s level b

bull Average catch rate of Filipino fisherfolks is less than frac12 of what they catch in 1970sc

STATUS OF PHILIPPINE FISHERIES

Sources aCastroLV (2006) Poverty Statistics for the Basic Sector bGreen SJ et al (2003) Philippine Fisheries in Crisis A Framework for Management cMuallil et al (2014)

17

TOOL FOR UNDERSTANDING RESILIENCE OF FISHERIES (VA-TURF)

18

OBJECTIVES

bull To identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull To demonstrate how to link vulnerability assessment results to climate change adaptation

bull To draft action plans towards reducing vulnerability

19

VA-TURF

VA-TURF

20

VA-TURF FEATURES

bull Target end-users Local stakeholders

bull Spatial scale Fishing village or barangay

bull Climate Change hazards considered Waves and storm surge SST

Required data is accessible or easily generated

Analysis (Scoring and ranking) is simple devoid of complicated mathematical equations

Assessment is participatory

Assists in decision-making for the local adaptation strategies

21

VA-TURF FRAMEWORK

22

exposure sensitivity

potential

impact

adaptive

capacity

vulnerability

The extent to which a

regionresource community

experiences changes in climate The degree to which a

system is affected

byresponsive to

climate changes

The ability to

moderate

potential harm

take advantage of

opportunities or

cope with

consequences of

exposure

Sources in OECD 2006

All impacts that may occur

given a projected change in

climate without

considering adaptation

The extent to which a natural system or human society is unable to

cope with the negative impacts of climate change variability and

extremes

Slide courtesy of P Marshall GRMPA Sources in OECD 2006

VA-TURF

23

FRAMEWORK

Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393

Fisheries

Reef Ecosystem

Socioeconomic

VA-TURF

24

FRAMEWORK

Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393

VA-TURF

25

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

26

David Borja Villanoy Hilario Alino 2012 for submission Climatic Change

Wave (Relative Exposure Index)

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

bull Input data

ndash Gridded bathymetry

ndash Digital coastline

ndash Wind data

bull Calculated using WEMo (Wave Exposure Model) (httpwwwccfhrnoaagovstressorswemo)

27

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

28 Source Villanoy CL et al (2013) Chapter 3 Exposure Waves and storm surges In Vulnerability Assessment Tools for Coastal Ecosystem A Guidebook MERF Quezon City

SENSITIVITY

29

VA-TURF FISHERIES

30

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Dominant catches Pelagics (tuna mackerel etc)

Mix of demersal and pelagic species

Demersal species (eg grouper)

Catch rate gt8 kgfisherday 3 to 8 kgfisherday

lt3 kgfisherday

Gear habitat dependence

Mostly mobile gears (eg drift gill nets)

Presence of both types

Habitat-associated gears (eg fixed on seagrass beds)

VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM

31

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Wave-tolerant species relative to total abundance

Pectoral-swimming fishes (labrids scarids acanthurids) greater than 50

Mix of site-attached and mobile fish species 15-50 pectoral swimming fish

Abundant site-attached butteflyfish angelfish damselfish lt15 pectoral swimming fish

Density of coral dependent fish species (Butterflyfish)

lt5 of the total density

5 to 10 of the total density

gt10 of the total density

Coral cover gt50 coral cover 25 to 50 coral cover

lt25 coral cover

VA-TURF SOCIO-ECONOMIC

32

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Population density lt200 individualskm2

(not crowded sparsely distributed)

200 to 400 individualskm2 (moderately crowded)

gt400 individualskm2 (very crowded)

Fisheries ecosystem dependency

lt15 of total population are fishers

15 to 30 of total population are fishers

gt30 of total population are fishers

ADAPTIVE CAPACITY

33

VA-TURF FISHERIES

34

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Habitat size( fishing grounds)

Small (relative to the waters)

Intermediate size Large

Average sizeamount of catch

Mostly small immature fishes

Abundance of small but with few large fishes

Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)

Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries

Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)

Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence

Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence

Change in catch composition

Considerable changes in the last two decades

Few changes in the last two decades

No change in catch composition

VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM

35

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)

Small reef areas fragmented

Intermediate size of areas

Large reef areas

Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)

Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats

One habitat is of poor quality or very far

Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions

VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC

36

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Annual per capita income from fisheries

Below the provincial poverty threshold

Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Fishers with other sources of income

lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood

40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income

gt60 of fishers have other sources of income

Total amount of all income

Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold

Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Computation for Potential Impact (PI)

Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo

(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

From exposure (E) model 1 3

2 4 Use S and E to derive

VA-TURF

37

Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)

Add the scores of the components of

ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in

ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1

2

PI score (from previous

slide)

3

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

4 Use AC and PI to derive

VA-TURF

Reference to derive

ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2

Reference to derive

ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3

1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories

(ldquoRankrdquo)

VA-TURF

Computation for Overall Vulnerability

H M L

VA-TURF

41

NEXT STEPS

ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)

VA-TURF

42

NEXT STEPS

REDUCE Sensitivity amp

Exposure (POTENTIAL

IMPACT)

INCREASE Adaptive Capacity

REDUCE Vulnerability

High Medium

Medium Low

Low Not Vulnerable

INCREASE Resilience

VA-TURF

43

bull Reducing fishing mortality

bull Enhancing stock recovery

bull Sustainable fisheries use

bull Threat reduction on ecosystems

bull Organizing fisher communities

bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity

bull EAFM development with equitability

bull Diversifying livelihood options

Alintildeo et al 2012

ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

44

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

45

NEXT STEPS

Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

47

Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism

Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming

bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors

(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)

CASE STUDY

48

WAVE EXPOSURE

CASE STUDY

49

Fisheries

Reef ecosystem

Socio- economic

Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries

Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats

High population density

VA-TURF

50

ACTIONS

How does the action

reduce vulnerabil

ity (darrPIuarrAC)

UR

GEN

CY

What is needed for implementation

CA

PAC

ITY

Are there

potential negative impacts

(YN)

What is the value added to

address CC concerns

List benefits

eg ecological

socio-economic

Soci

o-

eco

no

mic

Eco

logi

cal

Go

vern

ance

Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)

uarrAC 3

Establish Marine Park coordinates

Establish Marine Park coordinates

3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats

Socio-economic ecological

Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)

darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side

Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance

3 N Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human)

Regulate water sports (island)

darrPI 3

Assess areas where water sports exist

Review for legal basis for zonation

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning

Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat

Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Sustainable fisheries

Stricter implementation

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards

Protect lives livelihood

Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)

uarrAC darrPI 2

Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)

2 Y Natural buffers to erosion

Protection against erosion

51

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

52

POST VA ACTIVITIES

Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone

Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin

Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay

Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay

Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod

SUMMARY

53

bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries

bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation

bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area

SUMMARY

54

bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries

bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact

55

CLIMATE CHANGE

We can do something about it will

56

Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters

Thank you

Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph

Page 14: Assessing vulnerability of fisheries in the Philippines to

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Photo credit C Villanoy| Slide courtesy of HOA 14

Map of typhoon frequency in the Philippines

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

PHILIPPINES A VERY VULNERABLE COUNTRY

15 Source Burke LK et al (2011) Reefs at Risk Revisited Washington DC USA World Resources Institute

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

STATUS OF PHILIPPINE CORAL REEFS

16

Figure 3 Philippine map and its biogeographic regions (brown lines Alintildeo and Gomez 1994) showing the color coded hard coral cover data that were surveyed from 2008 to 2014 in 73 municipalities Typhoon paths Blue arrow for Typhoon Washi (Sendong) Red arrow for Typhoon Bopha (Pablo) and Green arrow for Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda)

Source Alintildeo PM et al (2014)Status of Philippine Coral Reefs 2014 (in press)| Burke et al(2011) Reefs at Risk Revisited

Threats to Coral Reefs bull Overfishing bull Destructive Fishing bull Pollution bull Sedimentation bull Coastal Development

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

bull Nearly 60 of the population is dependent on fisheries

bull Fishers are the poorest of the poor sector a

bull Fish stocks in major fishing grounds in the Philippines have been reduced to less than 10 of 1950s level b

bull Average catch rate of Filipino fisherfolks is less than frac12 of what they catch in 1970sc

STATUS OF PHILIPPINE FISHERIES

Sources aCastroLV (2006) Poverty Statistics for the Basic Sector bGreen SJ et al (2003) Philippine Fisheries in Crisis A Framework for Management cMuallil et al (2014)

17

TOOL FOR UNDERSTANDING RESILIENCE OF FISHERIES (VA-TURF)

18

OBJECTIVES

bull To identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull To demonstrate how to link vulnerability assessment results to climate change adaptation

bull To draft action plans towards reducing vulnerability

19

VA-TURF

VA-TURF

20

VA-TURF FEATURES

bull Target end-users Local stakeholders

bull Spatial scale Fishing village or barangay

bull Climate Change hazards considered Waves and storm surge SST

Required data is accessible or easily generated

Analysis (Scoring and ranking) is simple devoid of complicated mathematical equations

Assessment is participatory

Assists in decision-making for the local adaptation strategies

21

VA-TURF FRAMEWORK

22

exposure sensitivity

potential

impact

adaptive

capacity

vulnerability

The extent to which a

regionresource community

experiences changes in climate The degree to which a

system is affected

byresponsive to

climate changes

The ability to

moderate

potential harm

take advantage of

opportunities or

cope with

consequences of

exposure

Sources in OECD 2006

All impacts that may occur

given a projected change in

climate without

considering adaptation

The extent to which a natural system or human society is unable to

cope with the negative impacts of climate change variability and

extremes

Slide courtesy of P Marshall GRMPA Sources in OECD 2006

VA-TURF

23

FRAMEWORK

Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393

Fisheries

Reef Ecosystem

Socioeconomic

VA-TURF

24

FRAMEWORK

Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393

VA-TURF

25

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

26

David Borja Villanoy Hilario Alino 2012 for submission Climatic Change

Wave (Relative Exposure Index)

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

bull Input data

ndash Gridded bathymetry

ndash Digital coastline

ndash Wind data

bull Calculated using WEMo (Wave Exposure Model) (httpwwwccfhrnoaagovstressorswemo)

27

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

28 Source Villanoy CL et al (2013) Chapter 3 Exposure Waves and storm surges In Vulnerability Assessment Tools for Coastal Ecosystem A Guidebook MERF Quezon City

SENSITIVITY

29

VA-TURF FISHERIES

30

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Dominant catches Pelagics (tuna mackerel etc)

Mix of demersal and pelagic species

Demersal species (eg grouper)

Catch rate gt8 kgfisherday 3 to 8 kgfisherday

lt3 kgfisherday

Gear habitat dependence

Mostly mobile gears (eg drift gill nets)

Presence of both types

Habitat-associated gears (eg fixed on seagrass beds)

VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM

31

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Wave-tolerant species relative to total abundance

Pectoral-swimming fishes (labrids scarids acanthurids) greater than 50

Mix of site-attached and mobile fish species 15-50 pectoral swimming fish

Abundant site-attached butteflyfish angelfish damselfish lt15 pectoral swimming fish

Density of coral dependent fish species (Butterflyfish)

lt5 of the total density

5 to 10 of the total density

gt10 of the total density

Coral cover gt50 coral cover 25 to 50 coral cover

lt25 coral cover

VA-TURF SOCIO-ECONOMIC

32

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Population density lt200 individualskm2

(not crowded sparsely distributed)

200 to 400 individualskm2 (moderately crowded)

gt400 individualskm2 (very crowded)

Fisheries ecosystem dependency

lt15 of total population are fishers

15 to 30 of total population are fishers

gt30 of total population are fishers

ADAPTIVE CAPACITY

33

VA-TURF FISHERIES

34

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Habitat size( fishing grounds)

Small (relative to the waters)

Intermediate size Large

Average sizeamount of catch

Mostly small immature fishes

Abundance of small but with few large fishes

Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)

Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries

Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)

Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence

Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence

Change in catch composition

Considerable changes in the last two decades

Few changes in the last two decades

No change in catch composition

VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM

35

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)

Small reef areas fragmented

Intermediate size of areas

Large reef areas

Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)

Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats

One habitat is of poor quality or very far

Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions

VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC

36

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Annual per capita income from fisheries

Below the provincial poverty threshold

Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Fishers with other sources of income

lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood

40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income

gt60 of fishers have other sources of income

Total amount of all income

Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold

Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Computation for Potential Impact (PI)

Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo

(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

From exposure (E) model 1 3

2 4 Use S and E to derive

VA-TURF

37

Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)

Add the scores of the components of

ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in

ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1

2

PI score (from previous

slide)

3

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

4 Use AC and PI to derive

VA-TURF

Reference to derive

ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2

Reference to derive

ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3

1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories

(ldquoRankrdquo)

VA-TURF

Computation for Overall Vulnerability

H M L

VA-TURF

41

NEXT STEPS

ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)

VA-TURF

42

NEXT STEPS

REDUCE Sensitivity amp

Exposure (POTENTIAL

IMPACT)

INCREASE Adaptive Capacity

REDUCE Vulnerability

High Medium

Medium Low

Low Not Vulnerable

INCREASE Resilience

VA-TURF

43

bull Reducing fishing mortality

bull Enhancing stock recovery

bull Sustainable fisheries use

bull Threat reduction on ecosystems

bull Organizing fisher communities

bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity

bull EAFM development with equitability

bull Diversifying livelihood options

Alintildeo et al 2012

ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

44

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

45

NEXT STEPS

Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

47

Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism

Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming

bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors

(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)

CASE STUDY

48

WAVE EXPOSURE

CASE STUDY

49

Fisheries

Reef ecosystem

Socio- economic

Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries

Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats

High population density

VA-TURF

50

ACTIONS

How does the action

reduce vulnerabil

ity (darrPIuarrAC)

UR

GEN

CY

What is needed for implementation

CA

PAC

ITY

Are there

potential negative impacts

(YN)

What is the value added to

address CC concerns

List benefits

eg ecological

socio-economic

Soci

o-

eco

no

mic

Eco

logi

cal

Go

vern

ance

Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)

uarrAC 3

Establish Marine Park coordinates

Establish Marine Park coordinates

3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats

Socio-economic ecological

Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)

darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side

Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance

3 N Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human)

Regulate water sports (island)

darrPI 3

Assess areas where water sports exist

Review for legal basis for zonation

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning

Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat

Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Sustainable fisheries

Stricter implementation

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards

Protect lives livelihood

Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)

uarrAC darrPI 2

Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)

2 Y Natural buffers to erosion

Protection against erosion

51

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

52

POST VA ACTIVITIES

Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone

Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin

Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay

Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay

Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod

SUMMARY

53

bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries

bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation

bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area

SUMMARY

54

bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries

bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact

55

CLIMATE CHANGE

We can do something about it will

56

Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters

Thank you

Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph

Page 15: Assessing vulnerability of fisheries in the Philippines to

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

PHILIPPINES A VERY VULNERABLE COUNTRY

15 Source Burke LK et al (2011) Reefs at Risk Revisited Washington DC USA World Resources Institute

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

STATUS OF PHILIPPINE CORAL REEFS

16

Figure 3 Philippine map and its biogeographic regions (brown lines Alintildeo and Gomez 1994) showing the color coded hard coral cover data that were surveyed from 2008 to 2014 in 73 municipalities Typhoon paths Blue arrow for Typhoon Washi (Sendong) Red arrow for Typhoon Bopha (Pablo) and Green arrow for Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda)

Source Alintildeo PM et al (2014)Status of Philippine Coral Reefs 2014 (in press)| Burke et al(2011) Reefs at Risk Revisited

Threats to Coral Reefs bull Overfishing bull Destructive Fishing bull Pollution bull Sedimentation bull Coastal Development

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

bull Nearly 60 of the population is dependent on fisheries

bull Fishers are the poorest of the poor sector a

bull Fish stocks in major fishing grounds in the Philippines have been reduced to less than 10 of 1950s level b

bull Average catch rate of Filipino fisherfolks is less than frac12 of what they catch in 1970sc

STATUS OF PHILIPPINE FISHERIES

Sources aCastroLV (2006) Poverty Statistics for the Basic Sector bGreen SJ et al (2003) Philippine Fisheries in Crisis A Framework for Management cMuallil et al (2014)

17

TOOL FOR UNDERSTANDING RESILIENCE OF FISHERIES (VA-TURF)

18

OBJECTIVES

bull To identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull To demonstrate how to link vulnerability assessment results to climate change adaptation

bull To draft action plans towards reducing vulnerability

19

VA-TURF

VA-TURF

20

VA-TURF FEATURES

bull Target end-users Local stakeholders

bull Spatial scale Fishing village or barangay

bull Climate Change hazards considered Waves and storm surge SST

Required data is accessible or easily generated

Analysis (Scoring and ranking) is simple devoid of complicated mathematical equations

Assessment is participatory

Assists in decision-making for the local adaptation strategies

21

VA-TURF FRAMEWORK

22

exposure sensitivity

potential

impact

adaptive

capacity

vulnerability

The extent to which a

regionresource community

experiences changes in climate The degree to which a

system is affected

byresponsive to

climate changes

The ability to

moderate

potential harm

take advantage of

opportunities or

cope with

consequences of

exposure

Sources in OECD 2006

All impacts that may occur

given a projected change in

climate without

considering adaptation

The extent to which a natural system or human society is unable to

cope with the negative impacts of climate change variability and

extremes

Slide courtesy of P Marshall GRMPA Sources in OECD 2006

VA-TURF

23

FRAMEWORK

Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393

Fisheries

Reef Ecosystem

Socioeconomic

VA-TURF

24

FRAMEWORK

Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393

VA-TURF

25

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

26

David Borja Villanoy Hilario Alino 2012 for submission Climatic Change

Wave (Relative Exposure Index)

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

bull Input data

ndash Gridded bathymetry

ndash Digital coastline

ndash Wind data

bull Calculated using WEMo (Wave Exposure Model) (httpwwwccfhrnoaagovstressorswemo)

27

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

28 Source Villanoy CL et al (2013) Chapter 3 Exposure Waves and storm surges In Vulnerability Assessment Tools for Coastal Ecosystem A Guidebook MERF Quezon City

SENSITIVITY

29

VA-TURF FISHERIES

30

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Dominant catches Pelagics (tuna mackerel etc)

Mix of demersal and pelagic species

Demersal species (eg grouper)

Catch rate gt8 kgfisherday 3 to 8 kgfisherday

lt3 kgfisherday

Gear habitat dependence

Mostly mobile gears (eg drift gill nets)

Presence of both types

Habitat-associated gears (eg fixed on seagrass beds)

VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM

31

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Wave-tolerant species relative to total abundance

Pectoral-swimming fishes (labrids scarids acanthurids) greater than 50

Mix of site-attached and mobile fish species 15-50 pectoral swimming fish

Abundant site-attached butteflyfish angelfish damselfish lt15 pectoral swimming fish

Density of coral dependent fish species (Butterflyfish)

lt5 of the total density

5 to 10 of the total density

gt10 of the total density

Coral cover gt50 coral cover 25 to 50 coral cover

lt25 coral cover

VA-TURF SOCIO-ECONOMIC

32

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Population density lt200 individualskm2

(not crowded sparsely distributed)

200 to 400 individualskm2 (moderately crowded)

gt400 individualskm2 (very crowded)

Fisheries ecosystem dependency

lt15 of total population are fishers

15 to 30 of total population are fishers

gt30 of total population are fishers

ADAPTIVE CAPACITY

33

VA-TURF FISHERIES

34

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Habitat size( fishing grounds)

Small (relative to the waters)

Intermediate size Large

Average sizeamount of catch

Mostly small immature fishes

Abundance of small but with few large fishes

Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)

Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries

Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)

Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence

Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence

Change in catch composition

Considerable changes in the last two decades

Few changes in the last two decades

No change in catch composition

VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM

35

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)

Small reef areas fragmented

Intermediate size of areas

Large reef areas

Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)

Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats

One habitat is of poor quality or very far

Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions

VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC

36

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Annual per capita income from fisheries

Below the provincial poverty threshold

Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Fishers with other sources of income

lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood

40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income

gt60 of fishers have other sources of income

Total amount of all income

Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold

Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Computation for Potential Impact (PI)

Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo

(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

From exposure (E) model 1 3

2 4 Use S and E to derive

VA-TURF

37

Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)

Add the scores of the components of

ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in

ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1

2

PI score (from previous

slide)

3

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

4 Use AC and PI to derive

VA-TURF

Reference to derive

ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2

Reference to derive

ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3

1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories

(ldquoRankrdquo)

VA-TURF

Computation for Overall Vulnerability

H M L

VA-TURF

41

NEXT STEPS

ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)

VA-TURF

42

NEXT STEPS

REDUCE Sensitivity amp

Exposure (POTENTIAL

IMPACT)

INCREASE Adaptive Capacity

REDUCE Vulnerability

High Medium

Medium Low

Low Not Vulnerable

INCREASE Resilience

VA-TURF

43

bull Reducing fishing mortality

bull Enhancing stock recovery

bull Sustainable fisheries use

bull Threat reduction on ecosystems

bull Organizing fisher communities

bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity

bull EAFM development with equitability

bull Diversifying livelihood options

Alintildeo et al 2012

ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

44

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

45

NEXT STEPS

Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

47

Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism

Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming

bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors

(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)

CASE STUDY

48

WAVE EXPOSURE

CASE STUDY

49

Fisheries

Reef ecosystem

Socio- economic

Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries

Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats

High population density

VA-TURF

50

ACTIONS

How does the action

reduce vulnerabil

ity (darrPIuarrAC)

UR

GEN

CY

What is needed for implementation

CA

PAC

ITY

Are there

potential negative impacts

(YN)

What is the value added to

address CC concerns

List benefits

eg ecological

socio-economic

Soci

o-

eco

no

mic

Eco

logi

cal

Go

vern

ance

Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)

uarrAC 3

Establish Marine Park coordinates

Establish Marine Park coordinates

3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats

Socio-economic ecological

Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)

darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side

Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance

3 N Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human)

Regulate water sports (island)

darrPI 3

Assess areas where water sports exist

Review for legal basis for zonation

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning

Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat

Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Sustainable fisheries

Stricter implementation

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards

Protect lives livelihood

Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)

uarrAC darrPI 2

Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)

2 Y Natural buffers to erosion

Protection against erosion

51

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

52

POST VA ACTIVITIES

Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone

Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin

Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay

Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay

Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod

SUMMARY

53

bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries

bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation

bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area

SUMMARY

54

bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries

bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact

55

CLIMATE CHANGE

We can do something about it will

56

Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters

Thank you

Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph

Page 16: Assessing vulnerability of fisheries in the Philippines to

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

STATUS OF PHILIPPINE CORAL REEFS

16

Figure 3 Philippine map and its biogeographic regions (brown lines Alintildeo and Gomez 1994) showing the color coded hard coral cover data that were surveyed from 2008 to 2014 in 73 municipalities Typhoon paths Blue arrow for Typhoon Washi (Sendong) Red arrow for Typhoon Bopha (Pablo) and Green arrow for Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda)

Source Alintildeo PM et al (2014)Status of Philippine Coral Reefs 2014 (in press)| Burke et al(2011) Reefs at Risk Revisited

Threats to Coral Reefs bull Overfishing bull Destructive Fishing bull Pollution bull Sedimentation bull Coastal Development

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

bull Nearly 60 of the population is dependent on fisheries

bull Fishers are the poorest of the poor sector a

bull Fish stocks in major fishing grounds in the Philippines have been reduced to less than 10 of 1950s level b

bull Average catch rate of Filipino fisherfolks is less than frac12 of what they catch in 1970sc

STATUS OF PHILIPPINE FISHERIES

Sources aCastroLV (2006) Poverty Statistics for the Basic Sector bGreen SJ et al (2003) Philippine Fisheries in Crisis A Framework for Management cMuallil et al (2014)

17

TOOL FOR UNDERSTANDING RESILIENCE OF FISHERIES (VA-TURF)

18

OBJECTIVES

bull To identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull To demonstrate how to link vulnerability assessment results to climate change adaptation

bull To draft action plans towards reducing vulnerability

19

VA-TURF

VA-TURF

20

VA-TURF FEATURES

bull Target end-users Local stakeholders

bull Spatial scale Fishing village or barangay

bull Climate Change hazards considered Waves and storm surge SST

Required data is accessible or easily generated

Analysis (Scoring and ranking) is simple devoid of complicated mathematical equations

Assessment is participatory

Assists in decision-making for the local adaptation strategies

21

VA-TURF FRAMEWORK

22

exposure sensitivity

potential

impact

adaptive

capacity

vulnerability

The extent to which a

regionresource community

experiences changes in climate The degree to which a

system is affected

byresponsive to

climate changes

The ability to

moderate

potential harm

take advantage of

opportunities or

cope with

consequences of

exposure

Sources in OECD 2006

All impacts that may occur

given a projected change in

climate without

considering adaptation

The extent to which a natural system or human society is unable to

cope with the negative impacts of climate change variability and

extremes

Slide courtesy of P Marshall GRMPA Sources in OECD 2006

VA-TURF

23

FRAMEWORK

Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393

Fisheries

Reef Ecosystem

Socioeconomic

VA-TURF

24

FRAMEWORK

Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393

VA-TURF

25

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

26

David Borja Villanoy Hilario Alino 2012 for submission Climatic Change

Wave (Relative Exposure Index)

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

bull Input data

ndash Gridded bathymetry

ndash Digital coastline

ndash Wind data

bull Calculated using WEMo (Wave Exposure Model) (httpwwwccfhrnoaagovstressorswemo)

27

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

28 Source Villanoy CL et al (2013) Chapter 3 Exposure Waves and storm surges In Vulnerability Assessment Tools for Coastal Ecosystem A Guidebook MERF Quezon City

SENSITIVITY

29

VA-TURF FISHERIES

30

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Dominant catches Pelagics (tuna mackerel etc)

Mix of demersal and pelagic species

Demersal species (eg grouper)

Catch rate gt8 kgfisherday 3 to 8 kgfisherday

lt3 kgfisherday

Gear habitat dependence

Mostly mobile gears (eg drift gill nets)

Presence of both types

Habitat-associated gears (eg fixed on seagrass beds)

VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM

31

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Wave-tolerant species relative to total abundance

Pectoral-swimming fishes (labrids scarids acanthurids) greater than 50

Mix of site-attached and mobile fish species 15-50 pectoral swimming fish

Abundant site-attached butteflyfish angelfish damselfish lt15 pectoral swimming fish

Density of coral dependent fish species (Butterflyfish)

lt5 of the total density

5 to 10 of the total density

gt10 of the total density

Coral cover gt50 coral cover 25 to 50 coral cover

lt25 coral cover

VA-TURF SOCIO-ECONOMIC

32

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Population density lt200 individualskm2

(not crowded sparsely distributed)

200 to 400 individualskm2 (moderately crowded)

gt400 individualskm2 (very crowded)

Fisheries ecosystem dependency

lt15 of total population are fishers

15 to 30 of total population are fishers

gt30 of total population are fishers

ADAPTIVE CAPACITY

33

VA-TURF FISHERIES

34

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Habitat size( fishing grounds)

Small (relative to the waters)

Intermediate size Large

Average sizeamount of catch

Mostly small immature fishes

Abundance of small but with few large fishes

Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)

Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries

Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)

Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence

Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence

Change in catch composition

Considerable changes in the last two decades

Few changes in the last two decades

No change in catch composition

VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM

35

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)

Small reef areas fragmented

Intermediate size of areas

Large reef areas

Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)

Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats

One habitat is of poor quality or very far

Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions

VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC

36

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Annual per capita income from fisheries

Below the provincial poverty threshold

Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Fishers with other sources of income

lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood

40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income

gt60 of fishers have other sources of income

Total amount of all income

Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold

Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Computation for Potential Impact (PI)

Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo

(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

From exposure (E) model 1 3

2 4 Use S and E to derive

VA-TURF

37

Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)

Add the scores of the components of

ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in

ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1

2

PI score (from previous

slide)

3

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

4 Use AC and PI to derive

VA-TURF

Reference to derive

ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2

Reference to derive

ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3

1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories

(ldquoRankrdquo)

VA-TURF

Computation for Overall Vulnerability

H M L

VA-TURF

41

NEXT STEPS

ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)

VA-TURF

42

NEXT STEPS

REDUCE Sensitivity amp

Exposure (POTENTIAL

IMPACT)

INCREASE Adaptive Capacity

REDUCE Vulnerability

High Medium

Medium Low

Low Not Vulnerable

INCREASE Resilience

VA-TURF

43

bull Reducing fishing mortality

bull Enhancing stock recovery

bull Sustainable fisheries use

bull Threat reduction on ecosystems

bull Organizing fisher communities

bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity

bull EAFM development with equitability

bull Diversifying livelihood options

Alintildeo et al 2012

ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

44

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

45

NEXT STEPS

Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

47

Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism

Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming

bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors

(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)

CASE STUDY

48

WAVE EXPOSURE

CASE STUDY

49

Fisheries

Reef ecosystem

Socio- economic

Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries

Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats

High population density

VA-TURF

50

ACTIONS

How does the action

reduce vulnerabil

ity (darrPIuarrAC)

UR

GEN

CY

What is needed for implementation

CA

PAC

ITY

Are there

potential negative impacts

(YN)

What is the value added to

address CC concerns

List benefits

eg ecological

socio-economic

Soci

o-

eco

no

mic

Eco

logi

cal

Go

vern

ance

Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)

uarrAC 3

Establish Marine Park coordinates

Establish Marine Park coordinates

3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats

Socio-economic ecological

Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)

darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side

Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance

3 N Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human)

Regulate water sports (island)

darrPI 3

Assess areas where water sports exist

Review for legal basis for zonation

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning

Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat

Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Sustainable fisheries

Stricter implementation

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards

Protect lives livelihood

Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)

uarrAC darrPI 2

Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)

2 Y Natural buffers to erosion

Protection against erosion

51

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

52

POST VA ACTIVITIES

Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone

Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin

Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay

Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay

Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod

SUMMARY

53

bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries

bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation

bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area

SUMMARY

54

bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries

bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact

55

CLIMATE CHANGE

We can do something about it will

56

Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters

Thank you

Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph

Page 17: Assessing vulnerability of fisheries in the Philippines to

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

bull Nearly 60 of the population is dependent on fisheries

bull Fishers are the poorest of the poor sector a

bull Fish stocks in major fishing grounds in the Philippines have been reduced to less than 10 of 1950s level b

bull Average catch rate of Filipino fisherfolks is less than frac12 of what they catch in 1970sc

STATUS OF PHILIPPINE FISHERIES

Sources aCastroLV (2006) Poverty Statistics for the Basic Sector bGreen SJ et al (2003) Philippine Fisheries in Crisis A Framework for Management cMuallil et al (2014)

17

TOOL FOR UNDERSTANDING RESILIENCE OF FISHERIES (VA-TURF)

18

OBJECTIVES

bull To identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull To demonstrate how to link vulnerability assessment results to climate change adaptation

bull To draft action plans towards reducing vulnerability

19

VA-TURF

VA-TURF

20

VA-TURF FEATURES

bull Target end-users Local stakeholders

bull Spatial scale Fishing village or barangay

bull Climate Change hazards considered Waves and storm surge SST

Required data is accessible or easily generated

Analysis (Scoring and ranking) is simple devoid of complicated mathematical equations

Assessment is participatory

Assists in decision-making for the local adaptation strategies

21

VA-TURF FRAMEWORK

22

exposure sensitivity

potential

impact

adaptive

capacity

vulnerability

The extent to which a

regionresource community

experiences changes in climate The degree to which a

system is affected

byresponsive to

climate changes

The ability to

moderate

potential harm

take advantage of

opportunities or

cope with

consequences of

exposure

Sources in OECD 2006

All impacts that may occur

given a projected change in

climate without

considering adaptation

The extent to which a natural system or human society is unable to

cope with the negative impacts of climate change variability and

extremes

Slide courtesy of P Marshall GRMPA Sources in OECD 2006

VA-TURF

23

FRAMEWORK

Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393

Fisheries

Reef Ecosystem

Socioeconomic

VA-TURF

24

FRAMEWORK

Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393

VA-TURF

25

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

26

David Borja Villanoy Hilario Alino 2012 for submission Climatic Change

Wave (Relative Exposure Index)

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

bull Input data

ndash Gridded bathymetry

ndash Digital coastline

ndash Wind data

bull Calculated using WEMo (Wave Exposure Model) (httpwwwccfhrnoaagovstressorswemo)

27

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

28 Source Villanoy CL et al (2013) Chapter 3 Exposure Waves and storm surges In Vulnerability Assessment Tools for Coastal Ecosystem A Guidebook MERF Quezon City

SENSITIVITY

29

VA-TURF FISHERIES

30

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Dominant catches Pelagics (tuna mackerel etc)

Mix of demersal and pelagic species

Demersal species (eg grouper)

Catch rate gt8 kgfisherday 3 to 8 kgfisherday

lt3 kgfisherday

Gear habitat dependence

Mostly mobile gears (eg drift gill nets)

Presence of both types

Habitat-associated gears (eg fixed on seagrass beds)

VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM

31

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Wave-tolerant species relative to total abundance

Pectoral-swimming fishes (labrids scarids acanthurids) greater than 50

Mix of site-attached and mobile fish species 15-50 pectoral swimming fish

Abundant site-attached butteflyfish angelfish damselfish lt15 pectoral swimming fish

Density of coral dependent fish species (Butterflyfish)

lt5 of the total density

5 to 10 of the total density

gt10 of the total density

Coral cover gt50 coral cover 25 to 50 coral cover

lt25 coral cover

VA-TURF SOCIO-ECONOMIC

32

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Population density lt200 individualskm2

(not crowded sparsely distributed)

200 to 400 individualskm2 (moderately crowded)

gt400 individualskm2 (very crowded)

Fisheries ecosystem dependency

lt15 of total population are fishers

15 to 30 of total population are fishers

gt30 of total population are fishers

ADAPTIVE CAPACITY

33

VA-TURF FISHERIES

34

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Habitat size( fishing grounds)

Small (relative to the waters)

Intermediate size Large

Average sizeamount of catch

Mostly small immature fishes

Abundance of small but with few large fishes

Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)

Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries

Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)

Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence

Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence

Change in catch composition

Considerable changes in the last two decades

Few changes in the last two decades

No change in catch composition

VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM

35

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)

Small reef areas fragmented

Intermediate size of areas

Large reef areas

Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)

Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats

One habitat is of poor quality or very far

Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions

VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC

36

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Annual per capita income from fisheries

Below the provincial poverty threshold

Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Fishers with other sources of income

lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood

40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income

gt60 of fishers have other sources of income

Total amount of all income

Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold

Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Computation for Potential Impact (PI)

Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo

(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

From exposure (E) model 1 3

2 4 Use S and E to derive

VA-TURF

37

Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)

Add the scores of the components of

ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in

ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1

2

PI score (from previous

slide)

3

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

4 Use AC and PI to derive

VA-TURF

Reference to derive

ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2

Reference to derive

ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3

1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories

(ldquoRankrdquo)

VA-TURF

Computation for Overall Vulnerability

H M L

VA-TURF

41

NEXT STEPS

ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)

VA-TURF

42

NEXT STEPS

REDUCE Sensitivity amp

Exposure (POTENTIAL

IMPACT)

INCREASE Adaptive Capacity

REDUCE Vulnerability

High Medium

Medium Low

Low Not Vulnerable

INCREASE Resilience

VA-TURF

43

bull Reducing fishing mortality

bull Enhancing stock recovery

bull Sustainable fisheries use

bull Threat reduction on ecosystems

bull Organizing fisher communities

bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity

bull EAFM development with equitability

bull Diversifying livelihood options

Alintildeo et al 2012

ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

44

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

45

NEXT STEPS

Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

47

Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism

Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming

bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors

(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)

CASE STUDY

48

WAVE EXPOSURE

CASE STUDY

49

Fisheries

Reef ecosystem

Socio- economic

Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries

Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats

High population density

VA-TURF

50

ACTIONS

How does the action

reduce vulnerabil

ity (darrPIuarrAC)

UR

GEN

CY

What is needed for implementation

CA

PAC

ITY

Are there

potential negative impacts

(YN)

What is the value added to

address CC concerns

List benefits

eg ecological

socio-economic

Soci

o-

eco

no

mic

Eco

logi

cal

Go

vern

ance

Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)

uarrAC 3

Establish Marine Park coordinates

Establish Marine Park coordinates

3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats

Socio-economic ecological

Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)

darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side

Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance

3 N Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human)

Regulate water sports (island)

darrPI 3

Assess areas where water sports exist

Review for legal basis for zonation

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning

Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat

Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Sustainable fisheries

Stricter implementation

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards

Protect lives livelihood

Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)

uarrAC darrPI 2

Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)

2 Y Natural buffers to erosion

Protection against erosion

51

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

52

POST VA ACTIVITIES

Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone

Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin

Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay

Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay

Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod

SUMMARY

53

bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries

bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation

bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area

SUMMARY

54

bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries

bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact

55

CLIMATE CHANGE

We can do something about it will

56

Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters

Thank you

Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph

Page 18: Assessing vulnerability of fisheries in the Philippines to

TOOL FOR UNDERSTANDING RESILIENCE OF FISHERIES (VA-TURF)

18

OBJECTIVES

bull To identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull To demonstrate how to link vulnerability assessment results to climate change adaptation

bull To draft action plans towards reducing vulnerability

19

VA-TURF

VA-TURF

20

VA-TURF FEATURES

bull Target end-users Local stakeholders

bull Spatial scale Fishing village or barangay

bull Climate Change hazards considered Waves and storm surge SST

Required data is accessible or easily generated

Analysis (Scoring and ranking) is simple devoid of complicated mathematical equations

Assessment is participatory

Assists in decision-making for the local adaptation strategies

21

VA-TURF FRAMEWORK

22

exposure sensitivity

potential

impact

adaptive

capacity

vulnerability

The extent to which a

regionresource community

experiences changes in climate The degree to which a

system is affected

byresponsive to

climate changes

The ability to

moderate

potential harm

take advantage of

opportunities or

cope with

consequences of

exposure

Sources in OECD 2006

All impacts that may occur

given a projected change in

climate without

considering adaptation

The extent to which a natural system or human society is unable to

cope with the negative impacts of climate change variability and

extremes

Slide courtesy of P Marshall GRMPA Sources in OECD 2006

VA-TURF

23

FRAMEWORK

Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393

Fisheries

Reef Ecosystem

Socioeconomic

VA-TURF

24

FRAMEWORK

Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393

VA-TURF

25

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

26

David Borja Villanoy Hilario Alino 2012 for submission Climatic Change

Wave (Relative Exposure Index)

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

bull Input data

ndash Gridded bathymetry

ndash Digital coastline

ndash Wind data

bull Calculated using WEMo (Wave Exposure Model) (httpwwwccfhrnoaagovstressorswemo)

27

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

28 Source Villanoy CL et al (2013) Chapter 3 Exposure Waves and storm surges In Vulnerability Assessment Tools for Coastal Ecosystem A Guidebook MERF Quezon City

SENSITIVITY

29

VA-TURF FISHERIES

30

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Dominant catches Pelagics (tuna mackerel etc)

Mix of demersal and pelagic species

Demersal species (eg grouper)

Catch rate gt8 kgfisherday 3 to 8 kgfisherday

lt3 kgfisherday

Gear habitat dependence

Mostly mobile gears (eg drift gill nets)

Presence of both types

Habitat-associated gears (eg fixed on seagrass beds)

VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM

31

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Wave-tolerant species relative to total abundance

Pectoral-swimming fishes (labrids scarids acanthurids) greater than 50

Mix of site-attached and mobile fish species 15-50 pectoral swimming fish

Abundant site-attached butteflyfish angelfish damselfish lt15 pectoral swimming fish

Density of coral dependent fish species (Butterflyfish)

lt5 of the total density

5 to 10 of the total density

gt10 of the total density

Coral cover gt50 coral cover 25 to 50 coral cover

lt25 coral cover

VA-TURF SOCIO-ECONOMIC

32

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Population density lt200 individualskm2

(not crowded sparsely distributed)

200 to 400 individualskm2 (moderately crowded)

gt400 individualskm2 (very crowded)

Fisheries ecosystem dependency

lt15 of total population are fishers

15 to 30 of total population are fishers

gt30 of total population are fishers

ADAPTIVE CAPACITY

33

VA-TURF FISHERIES

34

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Habitat size( fishing grounds)

Small (relative to the waters)

Intermediate size Large

Average sizeamount of catch

Mostly small immature fishes

Abundance of small but with few large fishes

Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)

Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries

Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)

Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence

Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence

Change in catch composition

Considerable changes in the last two decades

Few changes in the last two decades

No change in catch composition

VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM

35

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)

Small reef areas fragmented

Intermediate size of areas

Large reef areas

Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)

Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats

One habitat is of poor quality or very far

Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions

VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC

36

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Annual per capita income from fisheries

Below the provincial poverty threshold

Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Fishers with other sources of income

lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood

40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income

gt60 of fishers have other sources of income

Total amount of all income

Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold

Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Computation for Potential Impact (PI)

Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo

(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

From exposure (E) model 1 3

2 4 Use S and E to derive

VA-TURF

37

Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)

Add the scores of the components of

ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in

ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1

2

PI score (from previous

slide)

3

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

4 Use AC and PI to derive

VA-TURF

Reference to derive

ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2

Reference to derive

ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3

1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories

(ldquoRankrdquo)

VA-TURF

Computation for Overall Vulnerability

H M L

VA-TURF

41

NEXT STEPS

ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)

VA-TURF

42

NEXT STEPS

REDUCE Sensitivity amp

Exposure (POTENTIAL

IMPACT)

INCREASE Adaptive Capacity

REDUCE Vulnerability

High Medium

Medium Low

Low Not Vulnerable

INCREASE Resilience

VA-TURF

43

bull Reducing fishing mortality

bull Enhancing stock recovery

bull Sustainable fisheries use

bull Threat reduction on ecosystems

bull Organizing fisher communities

bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity

bull EAFM development with equitability

bull Diversifying livelihood options

Alintildeo et al 2012

ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

44

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

45

NEXT STEPS

Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

47

Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism

Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming

bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors

(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)

CASE STUDY

48

WAVE EXPOSURE

CASE STUDY

49

Fisheries

Reef ecosystem

Socio- economic

Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries

Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats

High population density

VA-TURF

50

ACTIONS

How does the action

reduce vulnerabil

ity (darrPIuarrAC)

UR

GEN

CY

What is needed for implementation

CA

PAC

ITY

Are there

potential negative impacts

(YN)

What is the value added to

address CC concerns

List benefits

eg ecological

socio-economic

Soci

o-

eco

no

mic

Eco

logi

cal

Go

vern

ance

Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)

uarrAC 3

Establish Marine Park coordinates

Establish Marine Park coordinates

3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats

Socio-economic ecological

Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)

darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side

Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance

3 N Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human)

Regulate water sports (island)

darrPI 3

Assess areas where water sports exist

Review for legal basis for zonation

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning

Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat

Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Sustainable fisheries

Stricter implementation

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards

Protect lives livelihood

Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)

uarrAC darrPI 2

Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)

2 Y Natural buffers to erosion

Protection against erosion

51

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

52

POST VA ACTIVITIES

Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone

Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin

Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay

Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay

Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod

SUMMARY

53

bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries

bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation

bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area

SUMMARY

54

bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries

bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact

55

CLIMATE CHANGE

We can do something about it will

56

Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters

Thank you

Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph

Page 19: Assessing vulnerability of fisheries in the Philippines to

OBJECTIVES

bull To identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull To demonstrate how to link vulnerability assessment results to climate change adaptation

bull To draft action plans towards reducing vulnerability

19

VA-TURF

VA-TURF

20

VA-TURF FEATURES

bull Target end-users Local stakeholders

bull Spatial scale Fishing village or barangay

bull Climate Change hazards considered Waves and storm surge SST

Required data is accessible or easily generated

Analysis (Scoring and ranking) is simple devoid of complicated mathematical equations

Assessment is participatory

Assists in decision-making for the local adaptation strategies

21

VA-TURF FRAMEWORK

22

exposure sensitivity

potential

impact

adaptive

capacity

vulnerability

The extent to which a

regionresource community

experiences changes in climate The degree to which a

system is affected

byresponsive to

climate changes

The ability to

moderate

potential harm

take advantage of

opportunities or

cope with

consequences of

exposure

Sources in OECD 2006

All impacts that may occur

given a projected change in

climate without

considering adaptation

The extent to which a natural system or human society is unable to

cope with the negative impacts of climate change variability and

extremes

Slide courtesy of P Marshall GRMPA Sources in OECD 2006

VA-TURF

23

FRAMEWORK

Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393

Fisheries

Reef Ecosystem

Socioeconomic

VA-TURF

24

FRAMEWORK

Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393

VA-TURF

25

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

26

David Borja Villanoy Hilario Alino 2012 for submission Climatic Change

Wave (Relative Exposure Index)

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

bull Input data

ndash Gridded bathymetry

ndash Digital coastline

ndash Wind data

bull Calculated using WEMo (Wave Exposure Model) (httpwwwccfhrnoaagovstressorswemo)

27

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

28 Source Villanoy CL et al (2013) Chapter 3 Exposure Waves and storm surges In Vulnerability Assessment Tools for Coastal Ecosystem A Guidebook MERF Quezon City

SENSITIVITY

29

VA-TURF FISHERIES

30

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Dominant catches Pelagics (tuna mackerel etc)

Mix of demersal and pelagic species

Demersal species (eg grouper)

Catch rate gt8 kgfisherday 3 to 8 kgfisherday

lt3 kgfisherday

Gear habitat dependence

Mostly mobile gears (eg drift gill nets)

Presence of both types

Habitat-associated gears (eg fixed on seagrass beds)

VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM

31

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Wave-tolerant species relative to total abundance

Pectoral-swimming fishes (labrids scarids acanthurids) greater than 50

Mix of site-attached and mobile fish species 15-50 pectoral swimming fish

Abundant site-attached butteflyfish angelfish damselfish lt15 pectoral swimming fish

Density of coral dependent fish species (Butterflyfish)

lt5 of the total density

5 to 10 of the total density

gt10 of the total density

Coral cover gt50 coral cover 25 to 50 coral cover

lt25 coral cover

VA-TURF SOCIO-ECONOMIC

32

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Population density lt200 individualskm2

(not crowded sparsely distributed)

200 to 400 individualskm2 (moderately crowded)

gt400 individualskm2 (very crowded)

Fisheries ecosystem dependency

lt15 of total population are fishers

15 to 30 of total population are fishers

gt30 of total population are fishers

ADAPTIVE CAPACITY

33

VA-TURF FISHERIES

34

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Habitat size( fishing grounds)

Small (relative to the waters)

Intermediate size Large

Average sizeamount of catch

Mostly small immature fishes

Abundance of small but with few large fishes

Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)

Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries

Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)

Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence

Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence

Change in catch composition

Considerable changes in the last two decades

Few changes in the last two decades

No change in catch composition

VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM

35

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)

Small reef areas fragmented

Intermediate size of areas

Large reef areas

Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)

Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats

One habitat is of poor quality or very far

Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions

VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC

36

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Annual per capita income from fisheries

Below the provincial poverty threshold

Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Fishers with other sources of income

lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood

40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income

gt60 of fishers have other sources of income

Total amount of all income

Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold

Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Computation for Potential Impact (PI)

Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo

(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

From exposure (E) model 1 3

2 4 Use S and E to derive

VA-TURF

37

Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)

Add the scores of the components of

ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in

ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1

2

PI score (from previous

slide)

3

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

4 Use AC and PI to derive

VA-TURF

Reference to derive

ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2

Reference to derive

ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3

1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories

(ldquoRankrdquo)

VA-TURF

Computation for Overall Vulnerability

H M L

VA-TURF

41

NEXT STEPS

ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)

VA-TURF

42

NEXT STEPS

REDUCE Sensitivity amp

Exposure (POTENTIAL

IMPACT)

INCREASE Adaptive Capacity

REDUCE Vulnerability

High Medium

Medium Low

Low Not Vulnerable

INCREASE Resilience

VA-TURF

43

bull Reducing fishing mortality

bull Enhancing stock recovery

bull Sustainable fisheries use

bull Threat reduction on ecosystems

bull Organizing fisher communities

bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity

bull EAFM development with equitability

bull Diversifying livelihood options

Alintildeo et al 2012

ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

44

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

45

NEXT STEPS

Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

47

Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism

Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming

bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors

(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)

CASE STUDY

48

WAVE EXPOSURE

CASE STUDY

49

Fisheries

Reef ecosystem

Socio- economic

Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries

Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats

High population density

VA-TURF

50

ACTIONS

How does the action

reduce vulnerabil

ity (darrPIuarrAC)

UR

GEN

CY

What is needed for implementation

CA

PAC

ITY

Are there

potential negative impacts

(YN)

What is the value added to

address CC concerns

List benefits

eg ecological

socio-economic

Soci

o-

eco

no

mic

Eco

logi

cal

Go

vern

ance

Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)

uarrAC 3

Establish Marine Park coordinates

Establish Marine Park coordinates

3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats

Socio-economic ecological

Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)

darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side

Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance

3 N Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human)

Regulate water sports (island)

darrPI 3

Assess areas where water sports exist

Review for legal basis for zonation

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning

Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat

Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Sustainable fisheries

Stricter implementation

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards

Protect lives livelihood

Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)

uarrAC darrPI 2

Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)

2 Y Natural buffers to erosion

Protection against erosion

51

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

52

POST VA ACTIVITIES

Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone

Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin

Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay

Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay

Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod

SUMMARY

53

bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries

bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation

bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area

SUMMARY

54

bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries

bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact

55

CLIMATE CHANGE

We can do something about it will

56

Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters

Thank you

Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph

Page 20: Assessing vulnerability of fisheries in the Philippines to

VA-TURF

20

VA-TURF FEATURES

bull Target end-users Local stakeholders

bull Spatial scale Fishing village or barangay

bull Climate Change hazards considered Waves and storm surge SST

Required data is accessible or easily generated

Analysis (Scoring and ranking) is simple devoid of complicated mathematical equations

Assessment is participatory

Assists in decision-making for the local adaptation strategies

21

VA-TURF FRAMEWORK

22

exposure sensitivity

potential

impact

adaptive

capacity

vulnerability

The extent to which a

regionresource community

experiences changes in climate The degree to which a

system is affected

byresponsive to

climate changes

The ability to

moderate

potential harm

take advantage of

opportunities or

cope with

consequences of

exposure

Sources in OECD 2006

All impacts that may occur

given a projected change in

climate without

considering adaptation

The extent to which a natural system or human society is unable to

cope with the negative impacts of climate change variability and

extremes

Slide courtesy of P Marshall GRMPA Sources in OECD 2006

VA-TURF

23

FRAMEWORK

Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393

Fisheries

Reef Ecosystem

Socioeconomic

VA-TURF

24

FRAMEWORK

Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393

VA-TURF

25

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

26

David Borja Villanoy Hilario Alino 2012 for submission Climatic Change

Wave (Relative Exposure Index)

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

bull Input data

ndash Gridded bathymetry

ndash Digital coastline

ndash Wind data

bull Calculated using WEMo (Wave Exposure Model) (httpwwwccfhrnoaagovstressorswemo)

27

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

28 Source Villanoy CL et al (2013) Chapter 3 Exposure Waves and storm surges In Vulnerability Assessment Tools for Coastal Ecosystem A Guidebook MERF Quezon City

SENSITIVITY

29

VA-TURF FISHERIES

30

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Dominant catches Pelagics (tuna mackerel etc)

Mix of demersal and pelagic species

Demersal species (eg grouper)

Catch rate gt8 kgfisherday 3 to 8 kgfisherday

lt3 kgfisherday

Gear habitat dependence

Mostly mobile gears (eg drift gill nets)

Presence of both types

Habitat-associated gears (eg fixed on seagrass beds)

VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM

31

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Wave-tolerant species relative to total abundance

Pectoral-swimming fishes (labrids scarids acanthurids) greater than 50

Mix of site-attached and mobile fish species 15-50 pectoral swimming fish

Abundant site-attached butteflyfish angelfish damselfish lt15 pectoral swimming fish

Density of coral dependent fish species (Butterflyfish)

lt5 of the total density

5 to 10 of the total density

gt10 of the total density

Coral cover gt50 coral cover 25 to 50 coral cover

lt25 coral cover

VA-TURF SOCIO-ECONOMIC

32

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Population density lt200 individualskm2

(not crowded sparsely distributed)

200 to 400 individualskm2 (moderately crowded)

gt400 individualskm2 (very crowded)

Fisheries ecosystem dependency

lt15 of total population are fishers

15 to 30 of total population are fishers

gt30 of total population are fishers

ADAPTIVE CAPACITY

33

VA-TURF FISHERIES

34

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Habitat size( fishing grounds)

Small (relative to the waters)

Intermediate size Large

Average sizeamount of catch

Mostly small immature fishes

Abundance of small but with few large fishes

Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)

Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries

Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)

Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence

Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence

Change in catch composition

Considerable changes in the last two decades

Few changes in the last two decades

No change in catch composition

VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM

35

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)

Small reef areas fragmented

Intermediate size of areas

Large reef areas

Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)

Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats

One habitat is of poor quality or very far

Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions

VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC

36

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Annual per capita income from fisheries

Below the provincial poverty threshold

Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Fishers with other sources of income

lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood

40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income

gt60 of fishers have other sources of income

Total amount of all income

Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold

Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Computation for Potential Impact (PI)

Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo

(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

From exposure (E) model 1 3

2 4 Use S and E to derive

VA-TURF

37

Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)

Add the scores of the components of

ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in

ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1

2

PI score (from previous

slide)

3

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

4 Use AC and PI to derive

VA-TURF

Reference to derive

ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2

Reference to derive

ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3

1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories

(ldquoRankrdquo)

VA-TURF

Computation for Overall Vulnerability

H M L

VA-TURF

41

NEXT STEPS

ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)

VA-TURF

42

NEXT STEPS

REDUCE Sensitivity amp

Exposure (POTENTIAL

IMPACT)

INCREASE Adaptive Capacity

REDUCE Vulnerability

High Medium

Medium Low

Low Not Vulnerable

INCREASE Resilience

VA-TURF

43

bull Reducing fishing mortality

bull Enhancing stock recovery

bull Sustainable fisheries use

bull Threat reduction on ecosystems

bull Organizing fisher communities

bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity

bull EAFM development with equitability

bull Diversifying livelihood options

Alintildeo et al 2012

ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

44

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

45

NEXT STEPS

Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

47

Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism

Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming

bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors

(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)

CASE STUDY

48

WAVE EXPOSURE

CASE STUDY

49

Fisheries

Reef ecosystem

Socio- economic

Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries

Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats

High population density

VA-TURF

50

ACTIONS

How does the action

reduce vulnerabil

ity (darrPIuarrAC)

UR

GEN

CY

What is needed for implementation

CA

PAC

ITY

Are there

potential negative impacts

(YN)

What is the value added to

address CC concerns

List benefits

eg ecological

socio-economic

Soci

o-

eco

no

mic

Eco

logi

cal

Go

vern

ance

Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)

uarrAC 3

Establish Marine Park coordinates

Establish Marine Park coordinates

3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats

Socio-economic ecological

Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)

darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side

Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance

3 N Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human)

Regulate water sports (island)

darrPI 3

Assess areas where water sports exist

Review for legal basis for zonation

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning

Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat

Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Sustainable fisheries

Stricter implementation

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards

Protect lives livelihood

Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)

uarrAC darrPI 2

Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)

2 Y Natural buffers to erosion

Protection against erosion

51

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

52

POST VA ACTIVITIES

Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone

Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin

Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay

Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay

Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod

SUMMARY

53

bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries

bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation

bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area

SUMMARY

54

bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries

bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact

55

CLIMATE CHANGE

We can do something about it will

56

Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters

Thank you

Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph

Page 21: Assessing vulnerability of fisheries in the Philippines to

VA-TURF FEATURES

bull Target end-users Local stakeholders

bull Spatial scale Fishing village or barangay

bull Climate Change hazards considered Waves and storm surge SST

Required data is accessible or easily generated

Analysis (Scoring and ranking) is simple devoid of complicated mathematical equations

Assessment is participatory

Assists in decision-making for the local adaptation strategies

21

VA-TURF FRAMEWORK

22

exposure sensitivity

potential

impact

adaptive

capacity

vulnerability

The extent to which a

regionresource community

experiences changes in climate The degree to which a

system is affected

byresponsive to

climate changes

The ability to

moderate

potential harm

take advantage of

opportunities or

cope with

consequences of

exposure

Sources in OECD 2006

All impacts that may occur

given a projected change in

climate without

considering adaptation

The extent to which a natural system or human society is unable to

cope with the negative impacts of climate change variability and

extremes

Slide courtesy of P Marshall GRMPA Sources in OECD 2006

VA-TURF

23

FRAMEWORK

Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393

Fisheries

Reef Ecosystem

Socioeconomic

VA-TURF

24

FRAMEWORK

Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393

VA-TURF

25

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

26

David Borja Villanoy Hilario Alino 2012 for submission Climatic Change

Wave (Relative Exposure Index)

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

bull Input data

ndash Gridded bathymetry

ndash Digital coastline

ndash Wind data

bull Calculated using WEMo (Wave Exposure Model) (httpwwwccfhrnoaagovstressorswemo)

27

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

28 Source Villanoy CL et al (2013) Chapter 3 Exposure Waves and storm surges In Vulnerability Assessment Tools for Coastal Ecosystem A Guidebook MERF Quezon City

SENSITIVITY

29

VA-TURF FISHERIES

30

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Dominant catches Pelagics (tuna mackerel etc)

Mix of demersal and pelagic species

Demersal species (eg grouper)

Catch rate gt8 kgfisherday 3 to 8 kgfisherday

lt3 kgfisherday

Gear habitat dependence

Mostly mobile gears (eg drift gill nets)

Presence of both types

Habitat-associated gears (eg fixed on seagrass beds)

VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM

31

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Wave-tolerant species relative to total abundance

Pectoral-swimming fishes (labrids scarids acanthurids) greater than 50

Mix of site-attached and mobile fish species 15-50 pectoral swimming fish

Abundant site-attached butteflyfish angelfish damselfish lt15 pectoral swimming fish

Density of coral dependent fish species (Butterflyfish)

lt5 of the total density

5 to 10 of the total density

gt10 of the total density

Coral cover gt50 coral cover 25 to 50 coral cover

lt25 coral cover

VA-TURF SOCIO-ECONOMIC

32

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Population density lt200 individualskm2

(not crowded sparsely distributed)

200 to 400 individualskm2 (moderately crowded)

gt400 individualskm2 (very crowded)

Fisheries ecosystem dependency

lt15 of total population are fishers

15 to 30 of total population are fishers

gt30 of total population are fishers

ADAPTIVE CAPACITY

33

VA-TURF FISHERIES

34

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Habitat size( fishing grounds)

Small (relative to the waters)

Intermediate size Large

Average sizeamount of catch

Mostly small immature fishes

Abundance of small but with few large fishes

Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)

Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries

Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)

Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence

Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence

Change in catch composition

Considerable changes in the last two decades

Few changes in the last two decades

No change in catch composition

VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM

35

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)

Small reef areas fragmented

Intermediate size of areas

Large reef areas

Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)

Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats

One habitat is of poor quality or very far

Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions

VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC

36

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Annual per capita income from fisheries

Below the provincial poverty threshold

Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Fishers with other sources of income

lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood

40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income

gt60 of fishers have other sources of income

Total amount of all income

Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold

Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Computation for Potential Impact (PI)

Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo

(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

From exposure (E) model 1 3

2 4 Use S and E to derive

VA-TURF

37

Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)

Add the scores of the components of

ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in

ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1

2

PI score (from previous

slide)

3

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

4 Use AC and PI to derive

VA-TURF

Reference to derive

ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2

Reference to derive

ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3

1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories

(ldquoRankrdquo)

VA-TURF

Computation for Overall Vulnerability

H M L

VA-TURF

41

NEXT STEPS

ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)

VA-TURF

42

NEXT STEPS

REDUCE Sensitivity amp

Exposure (POTENTIAL

IMPACT)

INCREASE Adaptive Capacity

REDUCE Vulnerability

High Medium

Medium Low

Low Not Vulnerable

INCREASE Resilience

VA-TURF

43

bull Reducing fishing mortality

bull Enhancing stock recovery

bull Sustainable fisheries use

bull Threat reduction on ecosystems

bull Organizing fisher communities

bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity

bull EAFM development with equitability

bull Diversifying livelihood options

Alintildeo et al 2012

ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

44

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

45

NEXT STEPS

Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

47

Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism

Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming

bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors

(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)

CASE STUDY

48

WAVE EXPOSURE

CASE STUDY

49

Fisheries

Reef ecosystem

Socio- economic

Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries

Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats

High population density

VA-TURF

50

ACTIONS

How does the action

reduce vulnerabil

ity (darrPIuarrAC)

UR

GEN

CY

What is needed for implementation

CA

PAC

ITY

Are there

potential negative impacts

(YN)

What is the value added to

address CC concerns

List benefits

eg ecological

socio-economic

Soci

o-

eco

no

mic

Eco

logi

cal

Go

vern

ance

Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)

uarrAC 3

Establish Marine Park coordinates

Establish Marine Park coordinates

3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats

Socio-economic ecological

Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)

darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side

Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance

3 N Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human)

Regulate water sports (island)

darrPI 3

Assess areas where water sports exist

Review for legal basis for zonation

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning

Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat

Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Sustainable fisheries

Stricter implementation

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards

Protect lives livelihood

Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)

uarrAC darrPI 2

Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)

2 Y Natural buffers to erosion

Protection against erosion

51

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

52

POST VA ACTIVITIES

Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone

Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin

Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay

Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay

Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod

SUMMARY

53

bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries

bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation

bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area

SUMMARY

54

bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries

bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact

55

CLIMATE CHANGE

We can do something about it will

56

Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters

Thank you

Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph

Page 22: Assessing vulnerability of fisheries in the Philippines to

VA-TURF FRAMEWORK

22

exposure sensitivity

potential

impact

adaptive

capacity

vulnerability

The extent to which a

regionresource community

experiences changes in climate The degree to which a

system is affected

byresponsive to

climate changes

The ability to

moderate

potential harm

take advantage of

opportunities or

cope with

consequences of

exposure

Sources in OECD 2006

All impacts that may occur

given a projected change in

climate without

considering adaptation

The extent to which a natural system or human society is unable to

cope with the negative impacts of climate change variability and

extremes

Slide courtesy of P Marshall GRMPA Sources in OECD 2006

VA-TURF

23

FRAMEWORK

Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393

Fisheries

Reef Ecosystem

Socioeconomic

VA-TURF

24

FRAMEWORK

Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393

VA-TURF

25

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

26

David Borja Villanoy Hilario Alino 2012 for submission Climatic Change

Wave (Relative Exposure Index)

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

bull Input data

ndash Gridded bathymetry

ndash Digital coastline

ndash Wind data

bull Calculated using WEMo (Wave Exposure Model) (httpwwwccfhrnoaagovstressorswemo)

27

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

28 Source Villanoy CL et al (2013) Chapter 3 Exposure Waves and storm surges In Vulnerability Assessment Tools for Coastal Ecosystem A Guidebook MERF Quezon City

SENSITIVITY

29

VA-TURF FISHERIES

30

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Dominant catches Pelagics (tuna mackerel etc)

Mix of demersal and pelagic species

Demersal species (eg grouper)

Catch rate gt8 kgfisherday 3 to 8 kgfisherday

lt3 kgfisherday

Gear habitat dependence

Mostly mobile gears (eg drift gill nets)

Presence of both types

Habitat-associated gears (eg fixed on seagrass beds)

VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM

31

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Wave-tolerant species relative to total abundance

Pectoral-swimming fishes (labrids scarids acanthurids) greater than 50

Mix of site-attached and mobile fish species 15-50 pectoral swimming fish

Abundant site-attached butteflyfish angelfish damselfish lt15 pectoral swimming fish

Density of coral dependent fish species (Butterflyfish)

lt5 of the total density

5 to 10 of the total density

gt10 of the total density

Coral cover gt50 coral cover 25 to 50 coral cover

lt25 coral cover

VA-TURF SOCIO-ECONOMIC

32

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Population density lt200 individualskm2

(not crowded sparsely distributed)

200 to 400 individualskm2 (moderately crowded)

gt400 individualskm2 (very crowded)

Fisheries ecosystem dependency

lt15 of total population are fishers

15 to 30 of total population are fishers

gt30 of total population are fishers

ADAPTIVE CAPACITY

33

VA-TURF FISHERIES

34

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Habitat size( fishing grounds)

Small (relative to the waters)

Intermediate size Large

Average sizeamount of catch

Mostly small immature fishes

Abundance of small but with few large fishes

Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)

Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries

Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)

Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence

Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence

Change in catch composition

Considerable changes in the last two decades

Few changes in the last two decades

No change in catch composition

VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM

35

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)

Small reef areas fragmented

Intermediate size of areas

Large reef areas

Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)

Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats

One habitat is of poor quality or very far

Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions

VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC

36

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Annual per capita income from fisheries

Below the provincial poverty threshold

Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Fishers with other sources of income

lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood

40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income

gt60 of fishers have other sources of income

Total amount of all income

Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold

Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Computation for Potential Impact (PI)

Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo

(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

From exposure (E) model 1 3

2 4 Use S and E to derive

VA-TURF

37

Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)

Add the scores of the components of

ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in

ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1

2

PI score (from previous

slide)

3

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

4 Use AC and PI to derive

VA-TURF

Reference to derive

ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2

Reference to derive

ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3

1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories

(ldquoRankrdquo)

VA-TURF

Computation for Overall Vulnerability

H M L

VA-TURF

41

NEXT STEPS

ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)

VA-TURF

42

NEXT STEPS

REDUCE Sensitivity amp

Exposure (POTENTIAL

IMPACT)

INCREASE Adaptive Capacity

REDUCE Vulnerability

High Medium

Medium Low

Low Not Vulnerable

INCREASE Resilience

VA-TURF

43

bull Reducing fishing mortality

bull Enhancing stock recovery

bull Sustainable fisheries use

bull Threat reduction on ecosystems

bull Organizing fisher communities

bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity

bull EAFM development with equitability

bull Diversifying livelihood options

Alintildeo et al 2012

ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

44

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

45

NEXT STEPS

Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

47

Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism

Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming

bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors

(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)

CASE STUDY

48

WAVE EXPOSURE

CASE STUDY

49

Fisheries

Reef ecosystem

Socio- economic

Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries

Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats

High population density

VA-TURF

50

ACTIONS

How does the action

reduce vulnerabil

ity (darrPIuarrAC)

UR

GEN

CY

What is needed for implementation

CA

PAC

ITY

Are there

potential negative impacts

(YN)

What is the value added to

address CC concerns

List benefits

eg ecological

socio-economic

Soci

o-

eco

no

mic

Eco

logi

cal

Go

vern

ance

Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)

uarrAC 3

Establish Marine Park coordinates

Establish Marine Park coordinates

3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats

Socio-economic ecological

Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)

darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side

Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance

3 N Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human)

Regulate water sports (island)

darrPI 3

Assess areas where water sports exist

Review for legal basis for zonation

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning

Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat

Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Sustainable fisheries

Stricter implementation

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards

Protect lives livelihood

Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)

uarrAC darrPI 2

Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)

2 Y Natural buffers to erosion

Protection against erosion

51

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

52

POST VA ACTIVITIES

Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone

Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin

Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay

Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay

Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod

SUMMARY

53

bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries

bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation

bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area

SUMMARY

54

bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries

bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact

55

CLIMATE CHANGE

We can do something about it will

56

Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters

Thank you

Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph

Page 23: Assessing vulnerability of fisheries in the Philippines to

VA-TURF

23

FRAMEWORK

Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393

Fisheries

Reef Ecosystem

Socioeconomic

VA-TURF

24

FRAMEWORK

Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393

VA-TURF

25

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

26

David Borja Villanoy Hilario Alino 2012 for submission Climatic Change

Wave (Relative Exposure Index)

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

bull Input data

ndash Gridded bathymetry

ndash Digital coastline

ndash Wind data

bull Calculated using WEMo (Wave Exposure Model) (httpwwwccfhrnoaagovstressorswemo)

27

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

28 Source Villanoy CL et al (2013) Chapter 3 Exposure Waves and storm surges In Vulnerability Assessment Tools for Coastal Ecosystem A Guidebook MERF Quezon City

SENSITIVITY

29

VA-TURF FISHERIES

30

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Dominant catches Pelagics (tuna mackerel etc)

Mix of demersal and pelagic species

Demersal species (eg grouper)

Catch rate gt8 kgfisherday 3 to 8 kgfisherday

lt3 kgfisherday

Gear habitat dependence

Mostly mobile gears (eg drift gill nets)

Presence of both types

Habitat-associated gears (eg fixed on seagrass beds)

VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM

31

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Wave-tolerant species relative to total abundance

Pectoral-swimming fishes (labrids scarids acanthurids) greater than 50

Mix of site-attached and mobile fish species 15-50 pectoral swimming fish

Abundant site-attached butteflyfish angelfish damselfish lt15 pectoral swimming fish

Density of coral dependent fish species (Butterflyfish)

lt5 of the total density

5 to 10 of the total density

gt10 of the total density

Coral cover gt50 coral cover 25 to 50 coral cover

lt25 coral cover

VA-TURF SOCIO-ECONOMIC

32

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Population density lt200 individualskm2

(not crowded sparsely distributed)

200 to 400 individualskm2 (moderately crowded)

gt400 individualskm2 (very crowded)

Fisheries ecosystem dependency

lt15 of total population are fishers

15 to 30 of total population are fishers

gt30 of total population are fishers

ADAPTIVE CAPACITY

33

VA-TURF FISHERIES

34

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Habitat size( fishing grounds)

Small (relative to the waters)

Intermediate size Large

Average sizeamount of catch

Mostly small immature fishes

Abundance of small but with few large fishes

Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)

Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries

Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)

Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence

Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence

Change in catch composition

Considerable changes in the last two decades

Few changes in the last two decades

No change in catch composition

VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM

35

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)

Small reef areas fragmented

Intermediate size of areas

Large reef areas

Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)

Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats

One habitat is of poor quality or very far

Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions

VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC

36

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Annual per capita income from fisheries

Below the provincial poverty threshold

Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Fishers with other sources of income

lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood

40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income

gt60 of fishers have other sources of income

Total amount of all income

Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold

Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Computation for Potential Impact (PI)

Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo

(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

From exposure (E) model 1 3

2 4 Use S and E to derive

VA-TURF

37

Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)

Add the scores of the components of

ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in

ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1

2

PI score (from previous

slide)

3

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

4 Use AC and PI to derive

VA-TURF

Reference to derive

ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2

Reference to derive

ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3

1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories

(ldquoRankrdquo)

VA-TURF

Computation for Overall Vulnerability

H M L

VA-TURF

41

NEXT STEPS

ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)

VA-TURF

42

NEXT STEPS

REDUCE Sensitivity amp

Exposure (POTENTIAL

IMPACT)

INCREASE Adaptive Capacity

REDUCE Vulnerability

High Medium

Medium Low

Low Not Vulnerable

INCREASE Resilience

VA-TURF

43

bull Reducing fishing mortality

bull Enhancing stock recovery

bull Sustainable fisheries use

bull Threat reduction on ecosystems

bull Organizing fisher communities

bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity

bull EAFM development with equitability

bull Diversifying livelihood options

Alintildeo et al 2012

ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

44

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

45

NEXT STEPS

Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

47

Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism

Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming

bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors

(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)

CASE STUDY

48

WAVE EXPOSURE

CASE STUDY

49

Fisheries

Reef ecosystem

Socio- economic

Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries

Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats

High population density

VA-TURF

50

ACTIONS

How does the action

reduce vulnerabil

ity (darrPIuarrAC)

UR

GEN

CY

What is needed for implementation

CA

PAC

ITY

Are there

potential negative impacts

(YN)

What is the value added to

address CC concerns

List benefits

eg ecological

socio-economic

Soci

o-

eco

no

mic

Eco

logi

cal

Go

vern

ance

Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)

uarrAC 3

Establish Marine Park coordinates

Establish Marine Park coordinates

3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats

Socio-economic ecological

Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)

darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side

Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance

3 N Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human)

Regulate water sports (island)

darrPI 3

Assess areas where water sports exist

Review for legal basis for zonation

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning

Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat

Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Sustainable fisheries

Stricter implementation

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards

Protect lives livelihood

Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)

uarrAC darrPI 2

Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)

2 Y Natural buffers to erosion

Protection against erosion

51

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

52

POST VA ACTIVITIES

Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone

Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin

Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay

Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay

Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod

SUMMARY

53

bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries

bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation

bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area

SUMMARY

54

bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries

bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact

55

CLIMATE CHANGE

We can do something about it will

56

Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters

Thank you

Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph

Page 24: Assessing vulnerability of fisheries in the Philippines to

VA-TURF

24

FRAMEWORK

Source Mamauag SS et al(2013) A framework for vulnerability assessment of coastal fisheries ecosystems to climate changemdashTool for understanding resilience of fisheries (VA-TURF) Fisheries Research 147 381-393

VA-TURF

25

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

26

David Borja Villanoy Hilario Alino 2012 for submission Climatic Change

Wave (Relative Exposure Index)

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

bull Input data

ndash Gridded bathymetry

ndash Digital coastline

ndash Wind data

bull Calculated using WEMo (Wave Exposure Model) (httpwwwccfhrnoaagovstressorswemo)

27

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

28 Source Villanoy CL et al (2013) Chapter 3 Exposure Waves and storm surges In Vulnerability Assessment Tools for Coastal Ecosystem A Guidebook MERF Quezon City

SENSITIVITY

29

VA-TURF FISHERIES

30

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Dominant catches Pelagics (tuna mackerel etc)

Mix of demersal and pelagic species

Demersal species (eg grouper)

Catch rate gt8 kgfisherday 3 to 8 kgfisherday

lt3 kgfisherday

Gear habitat dependence

Mostly mobile gears (eg drift gill nets)

Presence of both types

Habitat-associated gears (eg fixed on seagrass beds)

VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM

31

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Wave-tolerant species relative to total abundance

Pectoral-swimming fishes (labrids scarids acanthurids) greater than 50

Mix of site-attached and mobile fish species 15-50 pectoral swimming fish

Abundant site-attached butteflyfish angelfish damselfish lt15 pectoral swimming fish

Density of coral dependent fish species (Butterflyfish)

lt5 of the total density

5 to 10 of the total density

gt10 of the total density

Coral cover gt50 coral cover 25 to 50 coral cover

lt25 coral cover

VA-TURF SOCIO-ECONOMIC

32

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Population density lt200 individualskm2

(not crowded sparsely distributed)

200 to 400 individualskm2 (moderately crowded)

gt400 individualskm2 (very crowded)

Fisheries ecosystem dependency

lt15 of total population are fishers

15 to 30 of total population are fishers

gt30 of total population are fishers

ADAPTIVE CAPACITY

33

VA-TURF FISHERIES

34

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Habitat size( fishing grounds)

Small (relative to the waters)

Intermediate size Large

Average sizeamount of catch

Mostly small immature fishes

Abundance of small but with few large fishes

Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)

Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries

Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)

Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence

Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence

Change in catch composition

Considerable changes in the last two decades

Few changes in the last two decades

No change in catch composition

VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM

35

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)

Small reef areas fragmented

Intermediate size of areas

Large reef areas

Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)

Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats

One habitat is of poor quality or very far

Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions

VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC

36

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Annual per capita income from fisheries

Below the provincial poverty threshold

Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Fishers with other sources of income

lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood

40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income

gt60 of fishers have other sources of income

Total amount of all income

Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold

Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Computation for Potential Impact (PI)

Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo

(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

From exposure (E) model 1 3

2 4 Use S and E to derive

VA-TURF

37

Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)

Add the scores of the components of

ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in

ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1

2

PI score (from previous

slide)

3

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

4 Use AC and PI to derive

VA-TURF

Reference to derive

ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2

Reference to derive

ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3

1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories

(ldquoRankrdquo)

VA-TURF

Computation for Overall Vulnerability

H M L

VA-TURF

41

NEXT STEPS

ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)

VA-TURF

42

NEXT STEPS

REDUCE Sensitivity amp

Exposure (POTENTIAL

IMPACT)

INCREASE Adaptive Capacity

REDUCE Vulnerability

High Medium

Medium Low

Low Not Vulnerable

INCREASE Resilience

VA-TURF

43

bull Reducing fishing mortality

bull Enhancing stock recovery

bull Sustainable fisheries use

bull Threat reduction on ecosystems

bull Organizing fisher communities

bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity

bull EAFM development with equitability

bull Diversifying livelihood options

Alintildeo et al 2012

ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

44

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

45

NEXT STEPS

Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

47

Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism

Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming

bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors

(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)

CASE STUDY

48

WAVE EXPOSURE

CASE STUDY

49

Fisheries

Reef ecosystem

Socio- economic

Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries

Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats

High population density

VA-TURF

50

ACTIONS

How does the action

reduce vulnerabil

ity (darrPIuarrAC)

UR

GEN

CY

What is needed for implementation

CA

PAC

ITY

Are there

potential negative impacts

(YN)

What is the value added to

address CC concerns

List benefits

eg ecological

socio-economic

Soci

o-

eco

no

mic

Eco

logi

cal

Go

vern

ance

Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)

uarrAC 3

Establish Marine Park coordinates

Establish Marine Park coordinates

3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats

Socio-economic ecological

Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)

darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side

Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance

3 N Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human)

Regulate water sports (island)

darrPI 3

Assess areas where water sports exist

Review for legal basis for zonation

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning

Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat

Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Sustainable fisheries

Stricter implementation

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards

Protect lives livelihood

Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)

uarrAC darrPI 2

Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)

2 Y Natural buffers to erosion

Protection against erosion

51

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

52

POST VA ACTIVITIES

Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone

Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin

Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay

Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay

Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod

SUMMARY

53

bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries

bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation

bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area

SUMMARY

54

bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries

bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact

55

CLIMATE CHANGE

We can do something about it will

56

Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters

Thank you

Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph

Page 25: Assessing vulnerability of fisheries in the Philippines to

VA-TURF

25

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

26

David Borja Villanoy Hilario Alino 2012 for submission Climatic Change

Wave (Relative Exposure Index)

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

bull Input data

ndash Gridded bathymetry

ndash Digital coastline

ndash Wind data

bull Calculated using WEMo (Wave Exposure Model) (httpwwwccfhrnoaagovstressorswemo)

27

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

28 Source Villanoy CL et al (2013) Chapter 3 Exposure Waves and storm surges In Vulnerability Assessment Tools for Coastal Ecosystem A Guidebook MERF Quezon City

SENSITIVITY

29

VA-TURF FISHERIES

30

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Dominant catches Pelagics (tuna mackerel etc)

Mix of demersal and pelagic species

Demersal species (eg grouper)

Catch rate gt8 kgfisherday 3 to 8 kgfisherday

lt3 kgfisherday

Gear habitat dependence

Mostly mobile gears (eg drift gill nets)

Presence of both types

Habitat-associated gears (eg fixed on seagrass beds)

VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM

31

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Wave-tolerant species relative to total abundance

Pectoral-swimming fishes (labrids scarids acanthurids) greater than 50

Mix of site-attached and mobile fish species 15-50 pectoral swimming fish

Abundant site-attached butteflyfish angelfish damselfish lt15 pectoral swimming fish

Density of coral dependent fish species (Butterflyfish)

lt5 of the total density

5 to 10 of the total density

gt10 of the total density

Coral cover gt50 coral cover 25 to 50 coral cover

lt25 coral cover

VA-TURF SOCIO-ECONOMIC

32

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Population density lt200 individualskm2

(not crowded sparsely distributed)

200 to 400 individualskm2 (moderately crowded)

gt400 individualskm2 (very crowded)

Fisheries ecosystem dependency

lt15 of total population are fishers

15 to 30 of total population are fishers

gt30 of total population are fishers

ADAPTIVE CAPACITY

33

VA-TURF FISHERIES

34

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Habitat size( fishing grounds)

Small (relative to the waters)

Intermediate size Large

Average sizeamount of catch

Mostly small immature fishes

Abundance of small but with few large fishes

Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)

Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries

Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)

Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence

Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence

Change in catch composition

Considerable changes in the last two decades

Few changes in the last two decades

No change in catch composition

VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM

35

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)

Small reef areas fragmented

Intermediate size of areas

Large reef areas

Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)

Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats

One habitat is of poor quality or very far

Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions

VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC

36

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Annual per capita income from fisheries

Below the provincial poverty threshold

Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Fishers with other sources of income

lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood

40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income

gt60 of fishers have other sources of income

Total amount of all income

Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold

Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Computation for Potential Impact (PI)

Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo

(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

From exposure (E) model 1 3

2 4 Use S and E to derive

VA-TURF

37

Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)

Add the scores of the components of

ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in

ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1

2

PI score (from previous

slide)

3

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

4 Use AC and PI to derive

VA-TURF

Reference to derive

ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2

Reference to derive

ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3

1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories

(ldquoRankrdquo)

VA-TURF

Computation for Overall Vulnerability

H M L

VA-TURF

41

NEXT STEPS

ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)

VA-TURF

42

NEXT STEPS

REDUCE Sensitivity amp

Exposure (POTENTIAL

IMPACT)

INCREASE Adaptive Capacity

REDUCE Vulnerability

High Medium

Medium Low

Low Not Vulnerable

INCREASE Resilience

VA-TURF

43

bull Reducing fishing mortality

bull Enhancing stock recovery

bull Sustainable fisheries use

bull Threat reduction on ecosystems

bull Organizing fisher communities

bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity

bull EAFM development with equitability

bull Diversifying livelihood options

Alintildeo et al 2012

ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

44

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

45

NEXT STEPS

Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

47

Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism

Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming

bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors

(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)

CASE STUDY

48

WAVE EXPOSURE

CASE STUDY

49

Fisheries

Reef ecosystem

Socio- economic

Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries

Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats

High population density

VA-TURF

50

ACTIONS

How does the action

reduce vulnerabil

ity (darrPIuarrAC)

UR

GEN

CY

What is needed for implementation

CA

PAC

ITY

Are there

potential negative impacts

(YN)

What is the value added to

address CC concerns

List benefits

eg ecological

socio-economic

Soci

o-

eco

no

mic

Eco

logi

cal

Go

vern

ance

Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)

uarrAC 3

Establish Marine Park coordinates

Establish Marine Park coordinates

3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats

Socio-economic ecological

Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)

darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side

Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance

3 N Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human)

Regulate water sports (island)

darrPI 3

Assess areas where water sports exist

Review for legal basis for zonation

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning

Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat

Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Sustainable fisheries

Stricter implementation

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards

Protect lives livelihood

Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)

uarrAC darrPI 2

Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)

2 Y Natural buffers to erosion

Protection against erosion

51

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

52

POST VA ACTIVITIES

Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone

Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin

Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay

Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay

Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod

SUMMARY

53

bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries

bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation

bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area

SUMMARY

54

bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries

bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact

55

CLIMATE CHANGE

We can do something about it will

56

Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters

Thank you

Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph

Page 26: Assessing vulnerability of fisheries in the Philippines to

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

26

David Borja Villanoy Hilario Alino 2012 for submission Climatic Change

Wave (Relative Exposure Index)

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

bull Input data

ndash Gridded bathymetry

ndash Digital coastline

ndash Wind data

bull Calculated using WEMo (Wave Exposure Model) (httpwwwccfhrnoaagovstressorswemo)

27

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

28 Source Villanoy CL et al (2013) Chapter 3 Exposure Waves and storm surges In Vulnerability Assessment Tools for Coastal Ecosystem A Guidebook MERF Quezon City

SENSITIVITY

29

VA-TURF FISHERIES

30

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Dominant catches Pelagics (tuna mackerel etc)

Mix of demersal and pelagic species

Demersal species (eg grouper)

Catch rate gt8 kgfisherday 3 to 8 kgfisherday

lt3 kgfisherday

Gear habitat dependence

Mostly mobile gears (eg drift gill nets)

Presence of both types

Habitat-associated gears (eg fixed on seagrass beds)

VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM

31

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Wave-tolerant species relative to total abundance

Pectoral-swimming fishes (labrids scarids acanthurids) greater than 50

Mix of site-attached and mobile fish species 15-50 pectoral swimming fish

Abundant site-attached butteflyfish angelfish damselfish lt15 pectoral swimming fish

Density of coral dependent fish species (Butterflyfish)

lt5 of the total density

5 to 10 of the total density

gt10 of the total density

Coral cover gt50 coral cover 25 to 50 coral cover

lt25 coral cover

VA-TURF SOCIO-ECONOMIC

32

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Population density lt200 individualskm2

(not crowded sparsely distributed)

200 to 400 individualskm2 (moderately crowded)

gt400 individualskm2 (very crowded)

Fisheries ecosystem dependency

lt15 of total population are fishers

15 to 30 of total population are fishers

gt30 of total population are fishers

ADAPTIVE CAPACITY

33

VA-TURF FISHERIES

34

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Habitat size( fishing grounds)

Small (relative to the waters)

Intermediate size Large

Average sizeamount of catch

Mostly small immature fishes

Abundance of small but with few large fishes

Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)

Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries

Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)

Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence

Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence

Change in catch composition

Considerable changes in the last two decades

Few changes in the last two decades

No change in catch composition

VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM

35

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)

Small reef areas fragmented

Intermediate size of areas

Large reef areas

Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)

Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats

One habitat is of poor quality or very far

Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions

VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC

36

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Annual per capita income from fisheries

Below the provincial poverty threshold

Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Fishers with other sources of income

lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood

40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income

gt60 of fishers have other sources of income

Total amount of all income

Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold

Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Computation for Potential Impact (PI)

Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo

(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

From exposure (E) model 1 3

2 4 Use S and E to derive

VA-TURF

37

Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)

Add the scores of the components of

ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in

ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1

2

PI score (from previous

slide)

3

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

4 Use AC and PI to derive

VA-TURF

Reference to derive

ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2

Reference to derive

ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3

1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories

(ldquoRankrdquo)

VA-TURF

Computation for Overall Vulnerability

H M L

VA-TURF

41

NEXT STEPS

ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)

VA-TURF

42

NEXT STEPS

REDUCE Sensitivity amp

Exposure (POTENTIAL

IMPACT)

INCREASE Adaptive Capacity

REDUCE Vulnerability

High Medium

Medium Low

Low Not Vulnerable

INCREASE Resilience

VA-TURF

43

bull Reducing fishing mortality

bull Enhancing stock recovery

bull Sustainable fisheries use

bull Threat reduction on ecosystems

bull Organizing fisher communities

bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity

bull EAFM development with equitability

bull Diversifying livelihood options

Alintildeo et al 2012

ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

44

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

45

NEXT STEPS

Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

47

Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism

Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming

bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors

(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)

CASE STUDY

48

WAVE EXPOSURE

CASE STUDY

49

Fisheries

Reef ecosystem

Socio- economic

Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries

Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats

High population density

VA-TURF

50

ACTIONS

How does the action

reduce vulnerabil

ity (darrPIuarrAC)

UR

GEN

CY

What is needed for implementation

CA

PAC

ITY

Are there

potential negative impacts

(YN)

What is the value added to

address CC concerns

List benefits

eg ecological

socio-economic

Soci

o-

eco

no

mic

Eco

logi

cal

Go

vern

ance

Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)

uarrAC 3

Establish Marine Park coordinates

Establish Marine Park coordinates

3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats

Socio-economic ecological

Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)

darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side

Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance

3 N Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human)

Regulate water sports (island)

darrPI 3

Assess areas where water sports exist

Review for legal basis for zonation

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning

Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat

Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Sustainable fisheries

Stricter implementation

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards

Protect lives livelihood

Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)

uarrAC darrPI 2

Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)

2 Y Natural buffers to erosion

Protection against erosion

51

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

52

POST VA ACTIVITIES

Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone

Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin

Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay

Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay

Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod

SUMMARY

53

bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries

bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation

bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area

SUMMARY

54

bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries

bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact

55

CLIMATE CHANGE

We can do something about it will

56

Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters

Thank you

Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph

Page 27: Assessing vulnerability of fisheries in the Philippines to

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

bull Input data

ndash Gridded bathymetry

ndash Digital coastline

ndash Wind data

bull Calculated using WEMo (Wave Exposure Model) (httpwwwccfhrnoaagovstressorswemo)

27

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

28 Source Villanoy CL et al (2013) Chapter 3 Exposure Waves and storm surges In Vulnerability Assessment Tools for Coastal Ecosystem A Guidebook MERF Quezon City

SENSITIVITY

29

VA-TURF FISHERIES

30

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Dominant catches Pelagics (tuna mackerel etc)

Mix of demersal and pelagic species

Demersal species (eg grouper)

Catch rate gt8 kgfisherday 3 to 8 kgfisherday

lt3 kgfisherday

Gear habitat dependence

Mostly mobile gears (eg drift gill nets)

Presence of both types

Habitat-associated gears (eg fixed on seagrass beds)

VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM

31

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Wave-tolerant species relative to total abundance

Pectoral-swimming fishes (labrids scarids acanthurids) greater than 50

Mix of site-attached and mobile fish species 15-50 pectoral swimming fish

Abundant site-attached butteflyfish angelfish damselfish lt15 pectoral swimming fish

Density of coral dependent fish species (Butterflyfish)

lt5 of the total density

5 to 10 of the total density

gt10 of the total density

Coral cover gt50 coral cover 25 to 50 coral cover

lt25 coral cover

VA-TURF SOCIO-ECONOMIC

32

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Population density lt200 individualskm2

(not crowded sparsely distributed)

200 to 400 individualskm2 (moderately crowded)

gt400 individualskm2 (very crowded)

Fisheries ecosystem dependency

lt15 of total population are fishers

15 to 30 of total population are fishers

gt30 of total population are fishers

ADAPTIVE CAPACITY

33

VA-TURF FISHERIES

34

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Habitat size( fishing grounds)

Small (relative to the waters)

Intermediate size Large

Average sizeamount of catch

Mostly small immature fishes

Abundance of small but with few large fishes

Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)

Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries

Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)

Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence

Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence

Change in catch composition

Considerable changes in the last two decades

Few changes in the last two decades

No change in catch composition

VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM

35

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)

Small reef areas fragmented

Intermediate size of areas

Large reef areas

Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)

Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats

One habitat is of poor quality or very far

Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions

VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC

36

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Annual per capita income from fisheries

Below the provincial poverty threshold

Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Fishers with other sources of income

lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood

40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income

gt60 of fishers have other sources of income

Total amount of all income

Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold

Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Computation for Potential Impact (PI)

Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo

(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

From exposure (E) model 1 3

2 4 Use S and E to derive

VA-TURF

37

Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)

Add the scores of the components of

ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in

ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1

2

PI score (from previous

slide)

3

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

4 Use AC and PI to derive

VA-TURF

Reference to derive

ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2

Reference to derive

ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3

1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories

(ldquoRankrdquo)

VA-TURF

Computation for Overall Vulnerability

H M L

VA-TURF

41

NEXT STEPS

ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)

VA-TURF

42

NEXT STEPS

REDUCE Sensitivity amp

Exposure (POTENTIAL

IMPACT)

INCREASE Adaptive Capacity

REDUCE Vulnerability

High Medium

Medium Low

Low Not Vulnerable

INCREASE Resilience

VA-TURF

43

bull Reducing fishing mortality

bull Enhancing stock recovery

bull Sustainable fisheries use

bull Threat reduction on ecosystems

bull Organizing fisher communities

bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity

bull EAFM development with equitability

bull Diversifying livelihood options

Alintildeo et al 2012

ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

44

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

45

NEXT STEPS

Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

47

Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism

Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming

bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors

(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)

CASE STUDY

48

WAVE EXPOSURE

CASE STUDY

49

Fisheries

Reef ecosystem

Socio- economic

Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries

Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats

High population density

VA-TURF

50

ACTIONS

How does the action

reduce vulnerabil

ity (darrPIuarrAC)

UR

GEN

CY

What is needed for implementation

CA

PAC

ITY

Are there

potential negative impacts

(YN)

What is the value added to

address CC concerns

List benefits

eg ecological

socio-economic

Soci

o-

eco

no

mic

Eco

logi

cal

Go

vern

ance

Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)

uarrAC 3

Establish Marine Park coordinates

Establish Marine Park coordinates

3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats

Socio-economic ecological

Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)

darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side

Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance

3 N Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human)

Regulate water sports (island)

darrPI 3

Assess areas where water sports exist

Review for legal basis for zonation

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning

Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat

Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Sustainable fisheries

Stricter implementation

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards

Protect lives livelihood

Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)

uarrAC darrPI 2

Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)

2 Y Natural buffers to erosion

Protection against erosion

51

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

52

POST VA ACTIVITIES

Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone

Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin

Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay

Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay

Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod

SUMMARY

53

bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries

bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation

bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area

SUMMARY

54

bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries

bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact

55

CLIMATE CHANGE

We can do something about it will

56

Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters

Thank you

Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph

Page 28: Assessing vulnerability of fisheries in the Philippines to

VA-TURF EXPOSURE

28 Source Villanoy CL et al (2013) Chapter 3 Exposure Waves and storm surges In Vulnerability Assessment Tools for Coastal Ecosystem A Guidebook MERF Quezon City

SENSITIVITY

29

VA-TURF FISHERIES

30

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Dominant catches Pelagics (tuna mackerel etc)

Mix of demersal and pelagic species

Demersal species (eg grouper)

Catch rate gt8 kgfisherday 3 to 8 kgfisherday

lt3 kgfisherday

Gear habitat dependence

Mostly mobile gears (eg drift gill nets)

Presence of both types

Habitat-associated gears (eg fixed on seagrass beds)

VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM

31

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Wave-tolerant species relative to total abundance

Pectoral-swimming fishes (labrids scarids acanthurids) greater than 50

Mix of site-attached and mobile fish species 15-50 pectoral swimming fish

Abundant site-attached butteflyfish angelfish damselfish lt15 pectoral swimming fish

Density of coral dependent fish species (Butterflyfish)

lt5 of the total density

5 to 10 of the total density

gt10 of the total density

Coral cover gt50 coral cover 25 to 50 coral cover

lt25 coral cover

VA-TURF SOCIO-ECONOMIC

32

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Population density lt200 individualskm2

(not crowded sparsely distributed)

200 to 400 individualskm2 (moderately crowded)

gt400 individualskm2 (very crowded)

Fisheries ecosystem dependency

lt15 of total population are fishers

15 to 30 of total population are fishers

gt30 of total population are fishers

ADAPTIVE CAPACITY

33

VA-TURF FISHERIES

34

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Habitat size( fishing grounds)

Small (relative to the waters)

Intermediate size Large

Average sizeamount of catch

Mostly small immature fishes

Abundance of small but with few large fishes

Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)

Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries

Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)

Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence

Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence

Change in catch composition

Considerable changes in the last two decades

Few changes in the last two decades

No change in catch composition

VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM

35

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)

Small reef areas fragmented

Intermediate size of areas

Large reef areas

Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)

Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats

One habitat is of poor quality or very far

Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions

VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC

36

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Annual per capita income from fisheries

Below the provincial poverty threshold

Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Fishers with other sources of income

lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood

40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income

gt60 of fishers have other sources of income

Total amount of all income

Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold

Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Computation for Potential Impact (PI)

Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo

(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

From exposure (E) model 1 3

2 4 Use S and E to derive

VA-TURF

37

Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)

Add the scores of the components of

ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in

ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1

2

PI score (from previous

slide)

3

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

4 Use AC and PI to derive

VA-TURF

Reference to derive

ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2

Reference to derive

ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3

1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories

(ldquoRankrdquo)

VA-TURF

Computation for Overall Vulnerability

H M L

VA-TURF

41

NEXT STEPS

ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)

VA-TURF

42

NEXT STEPS

REDUCE Sensitivity amp

Exposure (POTENTIAL

IMPACT)

INCREASE Adaptive Capacity

REDUCE Vulnerability

High Medium

Medium Low

Low Not Vulnerable

INCREASE Resilience

VA-TURF

43

bull Reducing fishing mortality

bull Enhancing stock recovery

bull Sustainable fisheries use

bull Threat reduction on ecosystems

bull Organizing fisher communities

bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity

bull EAFM development with equitability

bull Diversifying livelihood options

Alintildeo et al 2012

ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

44

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

45

NEXT STEPS

Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

47

Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism

Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming

bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors

(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)

CASE STUDY

48

WAVE EXPOSURE

CASE STUDY

49

Fisheries

Reef ecosystem

Socio- economic

Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries

Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats

High population density

VA-TURF

50

ACTIONS

How does the action

reduce vulnerabil

ity (darrPIuarrAC)

UR

GEN

CY

What is needed for implementation

CA

PAC

ITY

Are there

potential negative impacts

(YN)

What is the value added to

address CC concerns

List benefits

eg ecological

socio-economic

Soci

o-

eco

no

mic

Eco

logi

cal

Go

vern

ance

Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)

uarrAC 3

Establish Marine Park coordinates

Establish Marine Park coordinates

3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats

Socio-economic ecological

Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)

darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side

Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance

3 N Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human)

Regulate water sports (island)

darrPI 3

Assess areas where water sports exist

Review for legal basis for zonation

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning

Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat

Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Sustainable fisheries

Stricter implementation

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards

Protect lives livelihood

Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)

uarrAC darrPI 2

Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)

2 Y Natural buffers to erosion

Protection against erosion

51

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

52

POST VA ACTIVITIES

Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone

Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin

Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay

Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay

Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod

SUMMARY

53

bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries

bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation

bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area

SUMMARY

54

bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries

bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact

55

CLIMATE CHANGE

We can do something about it will

56

Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters

Thank you

Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph

Page 29: Assessing vulnerability of fisheries in the Philippines to

SENSITIVITY

29

VA-TURF FISHERIES

30

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Dominant catches Pelagics (tuna mackerel etc)

Mix of demersal and pelagic species

Demersal species (eg grouper)

Catch rate gt8 kgfisherday 3 to 8 kgfisherday

lt3 kgfisherday

Gear habitat dependence

Mostly mobile gears (eg drift gill nets)

Presence of both types

Habitat-associated gears (eg fixed on seagrass beds)

VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM

31

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Wave-tolerant species relative to total abundance

Pectoral-swimming fishes (labrids scarids acanthurids) greater than 50

Mix of site-attached and mobile fish species 15-50 pectoral swimming fish

Abundant site-attached butteflyfish angelfish damselfish lt15 pectoral swimming fish

Density of coral dependent fish species (Butterflyfish)

lt5 of the total density

5 to 10 of the total density

gt10 of the total density

Coral cover gt50 coral cover 25 to 50 coral cover

lt25 coral cover

VA-TURF SOCIO-ECONOMIC

32

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Population density lt200 individualskm2

(not crowded sparsely distributed)

200 to 400 individualskm2 (moderately crowded)

gt400 individualskm2 (very crowded)

Fisheries ecosystem dependency

lt15 of total population are fishers

15 to 30 of total population are fishers

gt30 of total population are fishers

ADAPTIVE CAPACITY

33

VA-TURF FISHERIES

34

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Habitat size( fishing grounds)

Small (relative to the waters)

Intermediate size Large

Average sizeamount of catch

Mostly small immature fishes

Abundance of small but with few large fishes

Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)

Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries

Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)

Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence

Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence

Change in catch composition

Considerable changes in the last two decades

Few changes in the last two decades

No change in catch composition

VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM

35

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)

Small reef areas fragmented

Intermediate size of areas

Large reef areas

Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)

Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats

One habitat is of poor quality or very far

Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions

VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC

36

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Annual per capita income from fisheries

Below the provincial poverty threshold

Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Fishers with other sources of income

lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood

40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income

gt60 of fishers have other sources of income

Total amount of all income

Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold

Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Computation for Potential Impact (PI)

Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo

(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

From exposure (E) model 1 3

2 4 Use S and E to derive

VA-TURF

37

Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)

Add the scores of the components of

ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in

ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1

2

PI score (from previous

slide)

3

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

4 Use AC and PI to derive

VA-TURF

Reference to derive

ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2

Reference to derive

ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3

1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories

(ldquoRankrdquo)

VA-TURF

Computation for Overall Vulnerability

H M L

VA-TURF

41

NEXT STEPS

ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)

VA-TURF

42

NEXT STEPS

REDUCE Sensitivity amp

Exposure (POTENTIAL

IMPACT)

INCREASE Adaptive Capacity

REDUCE Vulnerability

High Medium

Medium Low

Low Not Vulnerable

INCREASE Resilience

VA-TURF

43

bull Reducing fishing mortality

bull Enhancing stock recovery

bull Sustainable fisheries use

bull Threat reduction on ecosystems

bull Organizing fisher communities

bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity

bull EAFM development with equitability

bull Diversifying livelihood options

Alintildeo et al 2012

ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

44

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

45

NEXT STEPS

Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

47

Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism

Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming

bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors

(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)

CASE STUDY

48

WAVE EXPOSURE

CASE STUDY

49

Fisheries

Reef ecosystem

Socio- economic

Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries

Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats

High population density

VA-TURF

50

ACTIONS

How does the action

reduce vulnerabil

ity (darrPIuarrAC)

UR

GEN

CY

What is needed for implementation

CA

PAC

ITY

Are there

potential negative impacts

(YN)

What is the value added to

address CC concerns

List benefits

eg ecological

socio-economic

Soci

o-

eco

no

mic

Eco

logi

cal

Go

vern

ance

Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)

uarrAC 3

Establish Marine Park coordinates

Establish Marine Park coordinates

3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats

Socio-economic ecological

Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)

darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side

Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance

3 N Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human)

Regulate water sports (island)

darrPI 3

Assess areas where water sports exist

Review for legal basis for zonation

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning

Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat

Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Sustainable fisheries

Stricter implementation

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards

Protect lives livelihood

Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)

uarrAC darrPI 2

Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)

2 Y Natural buffers to erosion

Protection against erosion

51

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

52

POST VA ACTIVITIES

Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone

Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin

Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay

Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay

Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod

SUMMARY

53

bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries

bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation

bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area

SUMMARY

54

bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries

bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact

55

CLIMATE CHANGE

We can do something about it will

56

Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters

Thank you

Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph

Page 30: Assessing vulnerability of fisheries in the Philippines to

VA-TURF FISHERIES

30

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Dominant catches Pelagics (tuna mackerel etc)

Mix of demersal and pelagic species

Demersal species (eg grouper)

Catch rate gt8 kgfisherday 3 to 8 kgfisherday

lt3 kgfisherday

Gear habitat dependence

Mostly mobile gears (eg drift gill nets)

Presence of both types

Habitat-associated gears (eg fixed on seagrass beds)

VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM

31

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Wave-tolerant species relative to total abundance

Pectoral-swimming fishes (labrids scarids acanthurids) greater than 50

Mix of site-attached and mobile fish species 15-50 pectoral swimming fish

Abundant site-attached butteflyfish angelfish damselfish lt15 pectoral swimming fish

Density of coral dependent fish species (Butterflyfish)

lt5 of the total density

5 to 10 of the total density

gt10 of the total density

Coral cover gt50 coral cover 25 to 50 coral cover

lt25 coral cover

VA-TURF SOCIO-ECONOMIC

32

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Population density lt200 individualskm2

(not crowded sparsely distributed)

200 to 400 individualskm2 (moderately crowded)

gt400 individualskm2 (very crowded)

Fisheries ecosystem dependency

lt15 of total population are fishers

15 to 30 of total population are fishers

gt30 of total population are fishers

ADAPTIVE CAPACITY

33

VA-TURF FISHERIES

34

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Habitat size( fishing grounds)

Small (relative to the waters)

Intermediate size Large

Average sizeamount of catch

Mostly small immature fishes

Abundance of small but with few large fishes

Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)

Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries

Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)

Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence

Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence

Change in catch composition

Considerable changes in the last two decades

Few changes in the last two decades

No change in catch composition

VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM

35

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)

Small reef areas fragmented

Intermediate size of areas

Large reef areas

Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)

Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats

One habitat is of poor quality or very far

Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions

VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC

36

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Annual per capita income from fisheries

Below the provincial poverty threshold

Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Fishers with other sources of income

lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood

40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income

gt60 of fishers have other sources of income

Total amount of all income

Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold

Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Computation for Potential Impact (PI)

Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo

(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

From exposure (E) model 1 3

2 4 Use S and E to derive

VA-TURF

37

Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)

Add the scores of the components of

ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in

ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1

2

PI score (from previous

slide)

3

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

4 Use AC and PI to derive

VA-TURF

Reference to derive

ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2

Reference to derive

ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3

1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories

(ldquoRankrdquo)

VA-TURF

Computation for Overall Vulnerability

H M L

VA-TURF

41

NEXT STEPS

ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)

VA-TURF

42

NEXT STEPS

REDUCE Sensitivity amp

Exposure (POTENTIAL

IMPACT)

INCREASE Adaptive Capacity

REDUCE Vulnerability

High Medium

Medium Low

Low Not Vulnerable

INCREASE Resilience

VA-TURF

43

bull Reducing fishing mortality

bull Enhancing stock recovery

bull Sustainable fisheries use

bull Threat reduction on ecosystems

bull Organizing fisher communities

bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity

bull EAFM development with equitability

bull Diversifying livelihood options

Alintildeo et al 2012

ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

44

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

45

NEXT STEPS

Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

47

Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism

Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming

bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors

(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)

CASE STUDY

48

WAVE EXPOSURE

CASE STUDY

49

Fisheries

Reef ecosystem

Socio- economic

Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries

Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats

High population density

VA-TURF

50

ACTIONS

How does the action

reduce vulnerabil

ity (darrPIuarrAC)

UR

GEN

CY

What is needed for implementation

CA

PAC

ITY

Are there

potential negative impacts

(YN)

What is the value added to

address CC concerns

List benefits

eg ecological

socio-economic

Soci

o-

eco

no

mic

Eco

logi

cal

Go

vern

ance

Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)

uarrAC 3

Establish Marine Park coordinates

Establish Marine Park coordinates

3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats

Socio-economic ecological

Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)

darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side

Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance

3 N Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human)

Regulate water sports (island)

darrPI 3

Assess areas where water sports exist

Review for legal basis for zonation

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning

Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat

Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Sustainable fisheries

Stricter implementation

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards

Protect lives livelihood

Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)

uarrAC darrPI 2

Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)

2 Y Natural buffers to erosion

Protection against erosion

51

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

52

POST VA ACTIVITIES

Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone

Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin

Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay

Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay

Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod

SUMMARY

53

bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries

bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation

bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area

SUMMARY

54

bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries

bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact

55

CLIMATE CHANGE

We can do something about it will

56

Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters

Thank you

Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph

Page 31: Assessing vulnerability of fisheries in the Philippines to

VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM

31

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Wave-tolerant species relative to total abundance

Pectoral-swimming fishes (labrids scarids acanthurids) greater than 50

Mix of site-attached and mobile fish species 15-50 pectoral swimming fish

Abundant site-attached butteflyfish angelfish damselfish lt15 pectoral swimming fish

Density of coral dependent fish species (Butterflyfish)

lt5 of the total density

5 to 10 of the total density

gt10 of the total density

Coral cover gt50 coral cover 25 to 50 coral cover

lt25 coral cover

VA-TURF SOCIO-ECONOMIC

32

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Population density lt200 individualskm2

(not crowded sparsely distributed)

200 to 400 individualskm2 (moderately crowded)

gt400 individualskm2 (very crowded)

Fisheries ecosystem dependency

lt15 of total population are fishers

15 to 30 of total population are fishers

gt30 of total population are fishers

ADAPTIVE CAPACITY

33

VA-TURF FISHERIES

34

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Habitat size( fishing grounds)

Small (relative to the waters)

Intermediate size Large

Average sizeamount of catch

Mostly small immature fishes

Abundance of small but with few large fishes

Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)

Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries

Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)

Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence

Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence

Change in catch composition

Considerable changes in the last two decades

Few changes in the last two decades

No change in catch composition

VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM

35

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)

Small reef areas fragmented

Intermediate size of areas

Large reef areas

Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)

Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats

One habitat is of poor quality or very far

Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions

VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC

36

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Annual per capita income from fisheries

Below the provincial poverty threshold

Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Fishers with other sources of income

lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood

40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income

gt60 of fishers have other sources of income

Total amount of all income

Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold

Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Computation for Potential Impact (PI)

Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo

(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

From exposure (E) model 1 3

2 4 Use S and E to derive

VA-TURF

37

Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)

Add the scores of the components of

ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in

ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1

2

PI score (from previous

slide)

3

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

4 Use AC and PI to derive

VA-TURF

Reference to derive

ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2

Reference to derive

ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3

1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories

(ldquoRankrdquo)

VA-TURF

Computation for Overall Vulnerability

H M L

VA-TURF

41

NEXT STEPS

ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)

VA-TURF

42

NEXT STEPS

REDUCE Sensitivity amp

Exposure (POTENTIAL

IMPACT)

INCREASE Adaptive Capacity

REDUCE Vulnerability

High Medium

Medium Low

Low Not Vulnerable

INCREASE Resilience

VA-TURF

43

bull Reducing fishing mortality

bull Enhancing stock recovery

bull Sustainable fisheries use

bull Threat reduction on ecosystems

bull Organizing fisher communities

bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity

bull EAFM development with equitability

bull Diversifying livelihood options

Alintildeo et al 2012

ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

44

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

45

NEXT STEPS

Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

47

Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism

Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming

bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors

(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)

CASE STUDY

48

WAVE EXPOSURE

CASE STUDY

49

Fisheries

Reef ecosystem

Socio- economic

Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries

Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats

High population density

VA-TURF

50

ACTIONS

How does the action

reduce vulnerabil

ity (darrPIuarrAC)

UR

GEN

CY

What is needed for implementation

CA

PAC

ITY

Are there

potential negative impacts

(YN)

What is the value added to

address CC concerns

List benefits

eg ecological

socio-economic

Soci

o-

eco

no

mic

Eco

logi

cal

Go

vern

ance

Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)

uarrAC 3

Establish Marine Park coordinates

Establish Marine Park coordinates

3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats

Socio-economic ecological

Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)

darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side

Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance

3 N Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human)

Regulate water sports (island)

darrPI 3

Assess areas where water sports exist

Review for legal basis for zonation

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning

Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat

Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Sustainable fisheries

Stricter implementation

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards

Protect lives livelihood

Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)

uarrAC darrPI 2

Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)

2 Y Natural buffers to erosion

Protection against erosion

51

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

52

POST VA ACTIVITIES

Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone

Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin

Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay

Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay

Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod

SUMMARY

53

bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries

bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation

bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area

SUMMARY

54

bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries

bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact

55

CLIMATE CHANGE

We can do something about it will

56

Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters

Thank you

Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph

Page 32: Assessing vulnerability of fisheries in the Philippines to

VA-TURF SOCIO-ECONOMIC

32

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Population density lt200 individualskm2

(not crowded sparsely distributed)

200 to 400 individualskm2 (moderately crowded)

gt400 individualskm2 (very crowded)

Fisheries ecosystem dependency

lt15 of total population are fishers

15 to 30 of total population are fishers

gt30 of total population are fishers

ADAPTIVE CAPACITY

33

VA-TURF FISHERIES

34

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Habitat size( fishing grounds)

Small (relative to the waters)

Intermediate size Large

Average sizeamount of catch

Mostly small immature fishes

Abundance of small but with few large fishes

Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)

Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries

Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)

Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence

Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence

Change in catch composition

Considerable changes in the last two decades

Few changes in the last two decades

No change in catch composition

VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM

35

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)

Small reef areas fragmented

Intermediate size of areas

Large reef areas

Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)

Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats

One habitat is of poor quality or very far

Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions

VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC

36

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Annual per capita income from fisheries

Below the provincial poverty threshold

Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Fishers with other sources of income

lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood

40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income

gt60 of fishers have other sources of income

Total amount of all income

Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold

Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Computation for Potential Impact (PI)

Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo

(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

From exposure (E) model 1 3

2 4 Use S and E to derive

VA-TURF

37

Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)

Add the scores of the components of

ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in

ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1

2

PI score (from previous

slide)

3

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

4 Use AC and PI to derive

VA-TURF

Reference to derive

ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2

Reference to derive

ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3

1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories

(ldquoRankrdquo)

VA-TURF

Computation for Overall Vulnerability

H M L

VA-TURF

41

NEXT STEPS

ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)

VA-TURF

42

NEXT STEPS

REDUCE Sensitivity amp

Exposure (POTENTIAL

IMPACT)

INCREASE Adaptive Capacity

REDUCE Vulnerability

High Medium

Medium Low

Low Not Vulnerable

INCREASE Resilience

VA-TURF

43

bull Reducing fishing mortality

bull Enhancing stock recovery

bull Sustainable fisheries use

bull Threat reduction on ecosystems

bull Organizing fisher communities

bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity

bull EAFM development with equitability

bull Diversifying livelihood options

Alintildeo et al 2012

ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

44

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

45

NEXT STEPS

Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

47

Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism

Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming

bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors

(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)

CASE STUDY

48

WAVE EXPOSURE

CASE STUDY

49

Fisheries

Reef ecosystem

Socio- economic

Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries

Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats

High population density

VA-TURF

50

ACTIONS

How does the action

reduce vulnerabil

ity (darrPIuarrAC)

UR

GEN

CY

What is needed for implementation

CA

PAC

ITY

Are there

potential negative impacts

(YN)

What is the value added to

address CC concerns

List benefits

eg ecological

socio-economic

Soci

o-

eco

no

mic

Eco

logi

cal

Go

vern

ance

Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)

uarrAC 3

Establish Marine Park coordinates

Establish Marine Park coordinates

3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats

Socio-economic ecological

Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)

darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side

Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance

3 N Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human)

Regulate water sports (island)

darrPI 3

Assess areas where water sports exist

Review for legal basis for zonation

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning

Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat

Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Sustainable fisheries

Stricter implementation

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards

Protect lives livelihood

Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)

uarrAC darrPI 2

Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)

2 Y Natural buffers to erosion

Protection against erosion

51

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

52

POST VA ACTIVITIES

Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone

Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin

Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay

Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay

Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod

SUMMARY

53

bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries

bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation

bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area

SUMMARY

54

bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries

bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact

55

CLIMATE CHANGE

We can do something about it will

56

Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters

Thank you

Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph

Page 33: Assessing vulnerability of fisheries in the Philippines to

ADAPTIVE CAPACITY

33

VA-TURF FISHERIES

34

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Habitat size( fishing grounds)

Small (relative to the waters)

Intermediate size Large

Average sizeamount of catch

Mostly small immature fishes

Abundance of small but with few large fishes

Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)

Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries

Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)

Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence

Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence

Change in catch composition

Considerable changes in the last two decades

Few changes in the last two decades

No change in catch composition

VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM

35

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)

Small reef areas fragmented

Intermediate size of areas

Large reef areas

Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)

Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats

One habitat is of poor quality or very far

Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions

VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC

36

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Annual per capita income from fisheries

Below the provincial poverty threshold

Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Fishers with other sources of income

lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood

40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income

gt60 of fishers have other sources of income

Total amount of all income

Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold

Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Computation for Potential Impact (PI)

Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo

(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

From exposure (E) model 1 3

2 4 Use S and E to derive

VA-TURF

37

Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)

Add the scores of the components of

ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in

ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1

2

PI score (from previous

slide)

3

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

4 Use AC and PI to derive

VA-TURF

Reference to derive

ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2

Reference to derive

ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3

1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories

(ldquoRankrdquo)

VA-TURF

Computation for Overall Vulnerability

H M L

VA-TURF

41

NEXT STEPS

ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)

VA-TURF

42

NEXT STEPS

REDUCE Sensitivity amp

Exposure (POTENTIAL

IMPACT)

INCREASE Adaptive Capacity

REDUCE Vulnerability

High Medium

Medium Low

Low Not Vulnerable

INCREASE Resilience

VA-TURF

43

bull Reducing fishing mortality

bull Enhancing stock recovery

bull Sustainable fisheries use

bull Threat reduction on ecosystems

bull Organizing fisher communities

bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity

bull EAFM development with equitability

bull Diversifying livelihood options

Alintildeo et al 2012

ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

44

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

45

NEXT STEPS

Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

47

Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism

Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming

bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors

(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)

CASE STUDY

48

WAVE EXPOSURE

CASE STUDY

49

Fisheries

Reef ecosystem

Socio- economic

Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries

Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats

High population density

VA-TURF

50

ACTIONS

How does the action

reduce vulnerabil

ity (darrPIuarrAC)

UR

GEN

CY

What is needed for implementation

CA

PAC

ITY

Are there

potential negative impacts

(YN)

What is the value added to

address CC concerns

List benefits

eg ecological

socio-economic

Soci

o-

eco

no

mic

Eco

logi

cal

Go

vern

ance

Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)

uarrAC 3

Establish Marine Park coordinates

Establish Marine Park coordinates

3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats

Socio-economic ecological

Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)

darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side

Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance

3 N Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human)

Regulate water sports (island)

darrPI 3

Assess areas where water sports exist

Review for legal basis for zonation

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning

Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat

Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Sustainable fisheries

Stricter implementation

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards

Protect lives livelihood

Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)

uarrAC darrPI 2

Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)

2 Y Natural buffers to erosion

Protection against erosion

51

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

52

POST VA ACTIVITIES

Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone

Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin

Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay

Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay

Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod

SUMMARY

53

bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries

bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation

bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area

SUMMARY

54

bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries

bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact

55

CLIMATE CHANGE

We can do something about it will

56

Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters

Thank you

Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph

Page 34: Assessing vulnerability of fisheries in the Philippines to

VA-TURF FISHERIES

34

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Habitat size( fishing grounds)

Small (relative to the waters)

Intermediate size Large

Average sizeamount of catch

Mostly small immature fishes

Abundance of small but with few large fishes

Abundant large fishes (most likely include spawners)

Occurrences of juvenilesfry fisheries

Absence to minimal occurrence (no known peak occurrence)

Few to medium level abundance during peak occurrence

Abundant juvenile during peak occurrence

Change in catch composition

Considerable changes in the last two decades

Few changes in the last two decades

No change in catch composition

VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM

35

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)

Small reef areas fragmented

Intermediate size of areas

Large reef areas

Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)

Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats

One habitat is of poor quality or very far

Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions

VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC

36

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Annual per capita income from fisheries

Below the provincial poverty threshold

Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Fishers with other sources of income

lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood

40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income

gt60 of fishers have other sources of income

Total amount of all income

Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold

Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Computation for Potential Impact (PI)

Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo

(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

From exposure (E) model 1 3

2 4 Use S and E to derive

VA-TURF

37

Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)

Add the scores of the components of

ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in

ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1

2

PI score (from previous

slide)

3

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

4 Use AC and PI to derive

VA-TURF

Reference to derive

ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2

Reference to derive

ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3

1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories

(ldquoRankrdquo)

VA-TURF

Computation for Overall Vulnerability

H M L

VA-TURF

41

NEXT STEPS

ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)

VA-TURF

42

NEXT STEPS

REDUCE Sensitivity amp

Exposure (POTENTIAL

IMPACT)

INCREASE Adaptive Capacity

REDUCE Vulnerability

High Medium

Medium Low

Low Not Vulnerable

INCREASE Resilience

VA-TURF

43

bull Reducing fishing mortality

bull Enhancing stock recovery

bull Sustainable fisheries use

bull Threat reduction on ecosystems

bull Organizing fisher communities

bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity

bull EAFM development with equitability

bull Diversifying livelihood options

Alintildeo et al 2012

ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

44

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

45

NEXT STEPS

Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

47

Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism

Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming

bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors

(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)

CASE STUDY

48

WAVE EXPOSURE

CASE STUDY

49

Fisheries

Reef ecosystem

Socio- economic

Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries

Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats

High population density

VA-TURF

50

ACTIONS

How does the action

reduce vulnerabil

ity (darrPIuarrAC)

UR

GEN

CY

What is needed for implementation

CA

PAC

ITY

Are there

potential negative impacts

(YN)

What is the value added to

address CC concerns

List benefits

eg ecological

socio-economic

Soci

o-

eco

no

mic

Eco

logi

cal

Go

vern

ance

Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)

uarrAC 3

Establish Marine Park coordinates

Establish Marine Park coordinates

3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats

Socio-economic ecological

Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)

darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side

Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance

3 N Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human)

Regulate water sports (island)

darrPI 3

Assess areas where water sports exist

Review for legal basis for zonation

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning

Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat

Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Sustainable fisheries

Stricter implementation

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards

Protect lives livelihood

Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)

uarrAC darrPI 2

Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)

2 Y Natural buffers to erosion

Protection against erosion

51

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

52

POST VA ACTIVITIES

Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone

Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin

Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay

Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay

Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod

SUMMARY

53

bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries

bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation

bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area

SUMMARY

54

bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries

bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact

55

CLIMATE CHANGE

We can do something about it will

56

Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters

Thank you

Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph

Page 35: Assessing vulnerability of fisheries in the Philippines to

VA-TURF REEF ECOSYSTEM

35

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Extent of habitats (coral reef areas)

Small reef areas fragmented

Intermediate size of areas

Large reef areas

Presence and condition of adjacent habitats (corals seagrass mangroves)

Poor adjacent habitat quality No adjacent habitats

One habitat is of poor quality or very far

Presence of adjacent habitats with good conditions

VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC

36

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Annual per capita income from fisheries

Below the provincial poverty threshold

Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Fishers with other sources of income

lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood

40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income

gt60 of fishers have other sources of income

Total amount of all income

Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold

Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Computation for Potential Impact (PI)

Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo

(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

From exposure (E) model 1 3

2 4 Use S and E to derive

VA-TURF

37

Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)

Add the scores of the components of

ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in

ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1

2

PI score (from previous

slide)

3

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

4 Use AC and PI to derive

VA-TURF

Reference to derive

ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2

Reference to derive

ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3

1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories

(ldquoRankrdquo)

VA-TURF

Computation for Overall Vulnerability

H M L

VA-TURF

41

NEXT STEPS

ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)

VA-TURF

42

NEXT STEPS

REDUCE Sensitivity amp

Exposure (POTENTIAL

IMPACT)

INCREASE Adaptive Capacity

REDUCE Vulnerability

High Medium

Medium Low

Low Not Vulnerable

INCREASE Resilience

VA-TURF

43

bull Reducing fishing mortality

bull Enhancing stock recovery

bull Sustainable fisheries use

bull Threat reduction on ecosystems

bull Organizing fisher communities

bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity

bull EAFM development with equitability

bull Diversifying livelihood options

Alintildeo et al 2012

ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

44

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

45

NEXT STEPS

Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

47

Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism

Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming

bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors

(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)

CASE STUDY

48

WAVE EXPOSURE

CASE STUDY

49

Fisheries

Reef ecosystem

Socio- economic

Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries

Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats

High population density

VA-TURF

50

ACTIONS

How does the action

reduce vulnerabil

ity (darrPIuarrAC)

UR

GEN

CY

What is needed for implementation

CA

PAC

ITY

Are there

potential negative impacts

(YN)

What is the value added to

address CC concerns

List benefits

eg ecological

socio-economic

Soci

o-

eco

no

mic

Eco

logi

cal

Go

vern

ance

Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)

uarrAC 3

Establish Marine Park coordinates

Establish Marine Park coordinates

3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats

Socio-economic ecological

Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)

darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side

Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance

3 N Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human)

Regulate water sports (island)

darrPI 3

Assess areas where water sports exist

Review for legal basis for zonation

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning

Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat

Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Sustainable fisheries

Stricter implementation

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards

Protect lives livelihood

Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)

uarrAC darrPI 2

Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)

2 Y Natural buffers to erosion

Protection against erosion

51

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

52

POST VA ACTIVITIES

Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone

Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin

Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay

Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay

Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod

SUMMARY

53

bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries

bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation

bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area

SUMMARY

54

bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries

bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact

55

CLIMATE CHANGE

We can do something about it will

56

Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters

Thank you

Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph

Page 36: Assessing vulnerability of fisheries in the Philippines to

VA-TURF SOCIO ECONOMIC

36

CRITERIA LOW 1 to 2 points

MEDIUM 3 to 4 points

HIGH 5 points

Annual per capita income from fisheries

Below the provincial poverty threshold

Income is higher than the provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Income is higher than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Fishers with other sources of income

lt40 of fishers have other sources of livelihood

40 to 60 of fishers have other sources of income

gt60 of fishers have other sources of income

Total amount of all income

Total cumulative income is below provincial poverty threshold

Total cumulative income is higher than provincial poverty threshold up to 60

Total cumulative income is greater than 60 of the provincial poverty threshold

Computation for Potential Impact (PI)

Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo

(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

From exposure (E) model 1 3

2 4 Use S and E to derive

VA-TURF

37

Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)

Add the scores of the components of

ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in

ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1

2

PI score (from previous

slide)

3

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

4 Use AC and PI to derive

VA-TURF

Reference to derive

ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2

Reference to derive

ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3

1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories

(ldquoRankrdquo)

VA-TURF

Computation for Overall Vulnerability

H M L

VA-TURF

41

NEXT STEPS

ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)

VA-TURF

42

NEXT STEPS

REDUCE Sensitivity amp

Exposure (POTENTIAL

IMPACT)

INCREASE Adaptive Capacity

REDUCE Vulnerability

High Medium

Medium Low

Low Not Vulnerable

INCREASE Resilience

VA-TURF

43

bull Reducing fishing mortality

bull Enhancing stock recovery

bull Sustainable fisheries use

bull Threat reduction on ecosystems

bull Organizing fisher communities

bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity

bull EAFM development with equitability

bull Diversifying livelihood options

Alintildeo et al 2012

ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

44

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

45

NEXT STEPS

Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

47

Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism

Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming

bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors

(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)

CASE STUDY

48

WAVE EXPOSURE

CASE STUDY

49

Fisheries

Reef ecosystem

Socio- economic

Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries

Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats

High population density

VA-TURF

50

ACTIONS

How does the action

reduce vulnerabil

ity (darrPIuarrAC)

UR

GEN

CY

What is needed for implementation

CA

PAC

ITY

Are there

potential negative impacts

(YN)

What is the value added to

address CC concerns

List benefits

eg ecological

socio-economic

Soci

o-

eco

no

mic

Eco

logi

cal

Go

vern

ance

Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)

uarrAC 3

Establish Marine Park coordinates

Establish Marine Park coordinates

3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats

Socio-economic ecological

Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)

darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side

Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance

3 N Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human)

Regulate water sports (island)

darrPI 3

Assess areas where water sports exist

Review for legal basis for zonation

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning

Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat

Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Sustainable fisheries

Stricter implementation

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards

Protect lives livelihood

Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)

uarrAC darrPI 2

Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)

2 Y Natural buffers to erosion

Protection against erosion

51

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

52

POST VA ACTIVITIES

Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone

Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin

Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay

Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay

Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod

SUMMARY

53

bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries

bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation

bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area

SUMMARY

54

bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries

bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact

55

CLIMATE CHANGE

We can do something about it will

56

Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters

Thank you

Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph

Page 37: Assessing vulnerability of fisheries in the Philippines to

Computation for Potential Impact (PI)

Add the scores of the components of ldquoSensitivityrdquo

(S) Put it in ldquoTotalrdquo cell

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

From exposure (E) model 1 3

2 4 Use S and E to derive

VA-TURF

37

Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)

Add the scores of the components of

ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in

ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1

2

PI score (from previous

slide)

3

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

4 Use AC and PI to derive

VA-TURF

Reference to derive

ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2

Reference to derive

ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3

1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories

(ldquoRankrdquo)

VA-TURF

Computation for Overall Vulnerability

H M L

VA-TURF

41

NEXT STEPS

ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)

VA-TURF

42

NEXT STEPS

REDUCE Sensitivity amp

Exposure (POTENTIAL

IMPACT)

INCREASE Adaptive Capacity

REDUCE Vulnerability

High Medium

Medium Low

Low Not Vulnerable

INCREASE Resilience

VA-TURF

43

bull Reducing fishing mortality

bull Enhancing stock recovery

bull Sustainable fisheries use

bull Threat reduction on ecosystems

bull Organizing fisher communities

bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity

bull EAFM development with equitability

bull Diversifying livelihood options

Alintildeo et al 2012

ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

44

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

45

NEXT STEPS

Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

47

Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism

Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming

bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors

(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)

CASE STUDY

48

WAVE EXPOSURE

CASE STUDY

49

Fisheries

Reef ecosystem

Socio- economic

Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries

Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats

High population density

VA-TURF

50

ACTIONS

How does the action

reduce vulnerabil

ity (darrPIuarrAC)

UR

GEN

CY

What is needed for implementation

CA

PAC

ITY

Are there

potential negative impacts

(YN)

What is the value added to

address CC concerns

List benefits

eg ecological

socio-economic

Soci

o-

eco

no

mic

Eco

logi

cal

Go

vern

ance

Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)

uarrAC 3

Establish Marine Park coordinates

Establish Marine Park coordinates

3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats

Socio-economic ecological

Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)

darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side

Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance

3 N Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human)

Regulate water sports (island)

darrPI 3

Assess areas where water sports exist

Review for legal basis for zonation

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning

Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat

Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Sustainable fisheries

Stricter implementation

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards

Protect lives livelihood

Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)

uarrAC darrPI 2

Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)

2 Y Natural buffers to erosion

Protection against erosion

51

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

52

POST VA ACTIVITIES

Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone

Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin

Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay

Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay

Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod

SUMMARY

53

bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries

bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation

bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area

SUMMARY

54

bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries

bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact

55

CLIMATE CHANGE

We can do something about it will

56

Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters

Thank you

Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph

Page 38: Assessing vulnerability of fisheries in the Philippines to

Computation for VULNERABILITY (V)

Add the scores of the components of

ldquoAdaptive Capacityrdquo (AC) Put it in

ldquoTotalrdquo cell 1

2

PI score (from previous

slide)

3

Convert scores into

L M and H categories ldquoRankrdquo ldquoPotential Impactrdquo

4 Use AC and PI to derive

VA-TURF

Reference to derive

ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2

Reference to derive

ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3

1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories

(ldquoRankrdquo)

VA-TURF

Computation for Overall Vulnerability

H M L

VA-TURF

41

NEXT STEPS

ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)

VA-TURF

42

NEXT STEPS

REDUCE Sensitivity amp

Exposure (POTENTIAL

IMPACT)

INCREASE Adaptive Capacity

REDUCE Vulnerability

High Medium

Medium Low

Low Not Vulnerable

INCREASE Resilience

VA-TURF

43

bull Reducing fishing mortality

bull Enhancing stock recovery

bull Sustainable fisheries use

bull Threat reduction on ecosystems

bull Organizing fisher communities

bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity

bull EAFM development with equitability

bull Diversifying livelihood options

Alintildeo et al 2012

ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

44

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

45

NEXT STEPS

Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

47

Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism

Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming

bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors

(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)

CASE STUDY

48

WAVE EXPOSURE

CASE STUDY

49

Fisheries

Reef ecosystem

Socio- economic

Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries

Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats

High population density

VA-TURF

50

ACTIONS

How does the action

reduce vulnerabil

ity (darrPIuarrAC)

UR

GEN

CY

What is needed for implementation

CA

PAC

ITY

Are there

potential negative impacts

(YN)

What is the value added to

address CC concerns

List benefits

eg ecological

socio-economic

Soci

o-

eco

no

mic

Eco

logi

cal

Go

vern

ance

Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)

uarrAC 3

Establish Marine Park coordinates

Establish Marine Park coordinates

3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats

Socio-economic ecological

Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)

darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side

Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance

3 N Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human)

Regulate water sports (island)

darrPI 3

Assess areas where water sports exist

Review for legal basis for zonation

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning

Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat

Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Sustainable fisheries

Stricter implementation

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards

Protect lives livelihood

Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)

uarrAC darrPI 2

Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)

2 Y Natural buffers to erosion

Protection against erosion

51

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

52

POST VA ACTIVITIES

Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone

Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin

Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay

Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay

Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod

SUMMARY

53

bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries

bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation

bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area

SUMMARY

54

bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries

bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact

55

CLIMATE CHANGE

We can do something about it will

56

Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters

Thank you

Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph

Page 39: Assessing vulnerability of fisheries in the Philippines to

Reference to derive

ldquoPotential Impactrdquo 2

Reference to derive

ldquoVULNERABILITYrdquo 3

1 Reference to convert scores into L M and H categories

(ldquoRankrdquo)

VA-TURF

Computation for Overall Vulnerability

H M L

VA-TURF

41

NEXT STEPS

ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)

VA-TURF

42

NEXT STEPS

REDUCE Sensitivity amp

Exposure (POTENTIAL

IMPACT)

INCREASE Adaptive Capacity

REDUCE Vulnerability

High Medium

Medium Low

Low Not Vulnerable

INCREASE Resilience

VA-TURF

43

bull Reducing fishing mortality

bull Enhancing stock recovery

bull Sustainable fisheries use

bull Threat reduction on ecosystems

bull Organizing fisher communities

bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity

bull EAFM development with equitability

bull Diversifying livelihood options

Alintildeo et al 2012

ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

44

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

45

NEXT STEPS

Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

47

Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism

Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming

bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors

(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)

CASE STUDY

48

WAVE EXPOSURE

CASE STUDY

49

Fisheries

Reef ecosystem

Socio- economic

Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries

Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats

High population density

VA-TURF

50

ACTIONS

How does the action

reduce vulnerabil

ity (darrPIuarrAC)

UR

GEN

CY

What is needed for implementation

CA

PAC

ITY

Are there

potential negative impacts

(YN)

What is the value added to

address CC concerns

List benefits

eg ecological

socio-economic

Soci

o-

eco

no

mic

Eco

logi

cal

Go

vern

ance

Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)

uarrAC 3

Establish Marine Park coordinates

Establish Marine Park coordinates

3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats

Socio-economic ecological

Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)

darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side

Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance

3 N Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human)

Regulate water sports (island)

darrPI 3

Assess areas where water sports exist

Review for legal basis for zonation

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning

Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat

Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Sustainable fisheries

Stricter implementation

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards

Protect lives livelihood

Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)

uarrAC darrPI 2

Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)

2 Y Natural buffers to erosion

Protection against erosion

51

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

52

POST VA ACTIVITIES

Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone

Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin

Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay

Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay

Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod

SUMMARY

53

bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries

bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation

bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area

SUMMARY

54

bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries

bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact

55

CLIMATE CHANGE

We can do something about it will

56

Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters

Thank you

Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph

Page 40: Assessing vulnerability of fisheries in the Philippines to

Computation for Overall Vulnerability

H M L

VA-TURF

41

NEXT STEPS

ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)

VA-TURF

42

NEXT STEPS

REDUCE Sensitivity amp

Exposure (POTENTIAL

IMPACT)

INCREASE Adaptive Capacity

REDUCE Vulnerability

High Medium

Medium Low

Low Not Vulnerable

INCREASE Resilience

VA-TURF

43

bull Reducing fishing mortality

bull Enhancing stock recovery

bull Sustainable fisheries use

bull Threat reduction on ecosystems

bull Organizing fisher communities

bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity

bull EAFM development with equitability

bull Diversifying livelihood options

Alintildeo et al 2012

ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

44

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

45

NEXT STEPS

Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

47

Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism

Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming

bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors

(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)

CASE STUDY

48

WAVE EXPOSURE

CASE STUDY

49

Fisheries

Reef ecosystem

Socio- economic

Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries

Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats

High population density

VA-TURF

50

ACTIONS

How does the action

reduce vulnerabil

ity (darrPIuarrAC)

UR

GEN

CY

What is needed for implementation

CA

PAC

ITY

Are there

potential negative impacts

(YN)

What is the value added to

address CC concerns

List benefits

eg ecological

socio-economic

Soci

o-

eco

no

mic

Eco

logi

cal

Go

vern

ance

Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)

uarrAC 3

Establish Marine Park coordinates

Establish Marine Park coordinates

3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats

Socio-economic ecological

Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)

darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side

Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance

3 N Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human)

Regulate water sports (island)

darrPI 3

Assess areas where water sports exist

Review for legal basis for zonation

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning

Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat

Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Sustainable fisheries

Stricter implementation

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards

Protect lives livelihood

Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)

uarrAC darrPI 2

Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)

2 Y Natural buffers to erosion

Protection against erosion

51

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

52

POST VA ACTIVITIES

Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone

Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin

Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay

Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay

Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod

SUMMARY

53

bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries

bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation

bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area

SUMMARY

54

bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries

bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact

55

CLIMATE CHANGE

We can do something about it will

56

Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters

Thank you

Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph

Page 41: Assessing vulnerability of fisheries in the Philippines to

VA-TURF

41

NEXT STEPS

ADAPTATION - adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climate change and associated impacts in order to reduce harm or take advantage of beneficial opportunities (IPCC 2001 USAID 2009) -a process that results in a reduction in harm or risk of harm and the attainment of benefits relating to climate variability and climate change (UK CIP 2003)

VA-TURF

42

NEXT STEPS

REDUCE Sensitivity amp

Exposure (POTENTIAL

IMPACT)

INCREASE Adaptive Capacity

REDUCE Vulnerability

High Medium

Medium Low

Low Not Vulnerable

INCREASE Resilience

VA-TURF

43

bull Reducing fishing mortality

bull Enhancing stock recovery

bull Sustainable fisheries use

bull Threat reduction on ecosystems

bull Organizing fisher communities

bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity

bull EAFM development with equitability

bull Diversifying livelihood options

Alintildeo et al 2012

ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

44

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

45

NEXT STEPS

Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

47

Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism

Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming

bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors

(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)

CASE STUDY

48

WAVE EXPOSURE

CASE STUDY

49

Fisheries

Reef ecosystem

Socio- economic

Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries

Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats

High population density

VA-TURF

50

ACTIONS

How does the action

reduce vulnerabil

ity (darrPIuarrAC)

UR

GEN

CY

What is needed for implementation

CA

PAC

ITY

Are there

potential negative impacts

(YN)

What is the value added to

address CC concerns

List benefits

eg ecological

socio-economic

Soci

o-

eco

no

mic

Eco

logi

cal

Go

vern

ance

Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)

uarrAC 3

Establish Marine Park coordinates

Establish Marine Park coordinates

3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats

Socio-economic ecological

Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)

darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side

Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance

3 N Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human)

Regulate water sports (island)

darrPI 3

Assess areas where water sports exist

Review for legal basis for zonation

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning

Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat

Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Sustainable fisheries

Stricter implementation

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards

Protect lives livelihood

Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)

uarrAC darrPI 2

Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)

2 Y Natural buffers to erosion

Protection against erosion

51

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

52

POST VA ACTIVITIES

Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone

Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin

Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay

Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay

Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod

SUMMARY

53

bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries

bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation

bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area

SUMMARY

54

bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries

bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact

55

CLIMATE CHANGE

We can do something about it will

56

Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters

Thank you

Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph

Page 42: Assessing vulnerability of fisheries in the Philippines to

VA-TURF

42

NEXT STEPS

REDUCE Sensitivity amp

Exposure (POTENTIAL

IMPACT)

INCREASE Adaptive Capacity

REDUCE Vulnerability

High Medium

Medium Low

Low Not Vulnerable

INCREASE Resilience

VA-TURF

43

bull Reducing fishing mortality

bull Enhancing stock recovery

bull Sustainable fisheries use

bull Threat reduction on ecosystems

bull Organizing fisher communities

bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity

bull EAFM development with equitability

bull Diversifying livelihood options

Alintildeo et al 2012

ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

44

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

45

NEXT STEPS

Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

47

Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism

Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming

bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors

(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)

CASE STUDY

48

WAVE EXPOSURE

CASE STUDY

49

Fisheries

Reef ecosystem

Socio- economic

Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries

Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats

High population density

VA-TURF

50

ACTIONS

How does the action

reduce vulnerabil

ity (darrPIuarrAC)

UR

GEN

CY

What is needed for implementation

CA

PAC

ITY

Are there

potential negative impacts

(YN)

What is the value added to

address CC concerns

List benefits

eg ecological

socio-economic

Soci

o-

eco

no

mic

Eco

logi

cal

Go

vern

ance

Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)

uarrAC 3

Establish Marine Park coordinates

Establish Marine Park coordinates

3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats

Socio-economic ecological

Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)

darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side

Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance

3 N Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human)

Regulate water sports (island)

darrPI 3

Assess areas where water sports exist

Review for legal basis for zonation

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning

Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat

Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Sustainable fisheries

Stricter implementation

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards

Protect lives livelihood

Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)

uarrAC darrPI 2

Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)

2 Y Natural buffers to erosion

Protection against erosion

51

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

52

POST VA ACTIVITIES

Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone

Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin

Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay

Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay

Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod

SUMMARY

53

bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries

bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation

bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area

SUMMARY

54

bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries

bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact

55

CLIMATE CHANGE

We can do something about it will

56

Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters

Thank you

Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph

Page 43: Assessing vulnerability of fisheries in the Philippines to

VA-TURF

43

bull Reducing fishing mortality

bull Enhancing stock recovery

bull Sustainable fisheries use

bull Threat reduction on ecosystems

bull Organizing fisher communities

bull Restoring resiliency amp connectivity

bull EAFM development with equitability

bull Diversifying livelihood options

Alintildeo et al 2012

ADAPTATION STRATEGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FISHERIES

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

44

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

45

NEXT STEPS

Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

47

Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism

Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming

bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors

(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)

CASE STUDY

48

WAVE EXPOSURE

CASE STUDY

49

Fisheries

Reef ecosystem

Socio- economic

Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries

Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats

High population density

VA-TURF

50

ACTIONS

How does the action

reduce vulnerabil

ity (darrPIuarrAC)

UR

GEN

CY

What is needed for implementation

CA

PAC

ITY

Are there

potential negative impacts

(YN)

What is the value added to

address CC concerns

List benefits

eg ecological

socio-economic

Soci

o-

eco

no

mic

Eco

logi

cal

Go

vern

ance

Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)

uarrAC 3

Establish Marine Park coordinates

Establish Marine Park coordinates

3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats

Socio-economic ecological

Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)

darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side

Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance

3 N Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human)

Regulate water sports (island)

darrPI 3

Assess areas where water sports exist

Review for legal basis for zonation

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning

Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat

Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Sustainable fisheries

Stricter implementation

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards

Protect lives livelihood

Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)

uarrAC darrPI 2

Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)

2 Y Natural buffers to erosion

Protection against erosion

51

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

52

POST VA ACTIVITIES

Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone

Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin

Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay

Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay

Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod

SUMMARY

53

bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries

bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation

bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area

SUMMARY

54

bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries

bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact

55

CLIMATE CHANGE

We can do something about it will

56

Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters

Thank you

Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph

Page 44: Assessing vulnerability of fisheries in the Philippines to

VA-TURF

44

NEXT STEPS

VA-TURF

45

NEXT STEPS

Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

47

Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism

Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming

bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors

(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)

CASE STUDY

48

WAVE EXPOSURE

CASE STUDY

49

Fisheries

Reef ecosystem

Socio- economic

Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries

Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats

High population density

VA-TURF

50

ACTIONS

How does the action

reduce vulnerabil

ity (darrPIuarrAC)

UR

GEN

CY

What is needed for implementation

CA

PAC

ITY

Are there

potential negative impacts

(YN)

What is the value added to

address CC concerns

List benefits

eg ecological

socio-economic

Soci

o-

eco

no

mic

Eco

logi

cal

Go

vern

ance

Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)

uarrAC 3

Establish Marine Park coordinates

Establish Marine Park coordinates

3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats

Socio-economic ecological

Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)

darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side

Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance

3 N Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human)

Regulate water sports (island)

darrPI 3

Assess areas where water sports exist

Review for legal basis for zonation

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning

Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat

Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Sustainable fisheries

Stricter implementation

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards

Protect lives livelihood

Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)

uarrAC darrPI 2

Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)

2 Y Natural buffers to erosion

Protection against erosion

51

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

52

POST VA ACTIVITIES

Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone

Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin

Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay

Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay

Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod

SUMMARY

53

bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries

bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation

bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area

SUMMARY

54

bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries

bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact

55

CLIMATE CHANGE

We can do something about it will

56

Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters

Thank you

Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph

Page 45: Assessing vulnerability of fisheries in the Philippines to

VA-TURF

45

NEXT STEPS

Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

47

Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism

Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming

bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors

(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)

CASE STUDY

48

WAVE EXPOSURE

CASE STUDY

49

Fisheries

Reef ecosystem

Socio- economic

Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries

Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats

High population density

VA-TURF

50

ACTIONS

How does the action

reduce vulnerabil

ity (darrPIuarrAC)

UR

GEN

CY

What is needed for implementation

CA

PAC

ITY

Are there

potential negative impacts

(YN)

What is the value added to

address CC concerns

List benefits

eg ecological

socio-economic

Soci

o-

eco

no

mic

Eco

logi

cal

Go

vern

ance

Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)

uarrAC 3

Establish Marine Park coordinates

Establish Marine Park coordinates

3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats

Socio-economic ecological

Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)

darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side

Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance

3 N Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human)

Regulate water sports (island)

darrPI 3

Assess areas where water sports exist

Review for legal basis for zonation

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning

Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat

Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Sustainable fisheries

Stricter implementation

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards

Protect lives livelihood

Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)

uarrAC darrPI 2

Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)

2 Y Natural buffers to erosion

Protection against erosion

51

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

52

POST VA ACTIVITIES

Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone

Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin

Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay

Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay

Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod

SUMMARY

53

bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries

bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation

bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area

SUMMARY

54

bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries

bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact

55

CLIMATE CHANGE

We can do something about it will

56

Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters

Thank you

Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph

Page 46: Assessing vulnerability of fisheries in the Philippines to

Map of municipalities assessed with VA-TURF

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

47

Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism

Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming

bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors

(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)

CASE STUDY

48

WAVE EXPOSURE

CASE STUDY

49

Fisheries

Reef ecosystem

Socio- economic

Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries

Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats

High population density

VA-TURF

50

ACTIONS

How does the action

reduce vulnerabil

ity (darrPIuarrAC)

UR

GEN

CY

What is needed for implementation

CA

PAC

ITY

Are there

potential negative impacts

(YN)

What is the value added to

address CC concerns

List benefits

eg ecological

socio-economic

Soci

o-

eco

no

mic

Eco

logi

cal

Go

vern

ance

Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)

uarrAC 3

Establish Marine Park coordinates

Establish Marine Park coordinates

3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats

Socio-economic ecological

Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)

darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side

Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance

3 N Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human)

Regulate water sports (island)

darrPI 3

Assess areas where water sports exist

Review for legal basis for zonation

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning

Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat

Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Sustainable fisheries

Stricter implementation

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards

Protect lives livelihood

Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)

uarrAC darrPI 2

Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)

2 Y Natural buffers to erosion

Protection against erosion

51

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

52

POST VA ACTIVITIES

Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone

Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin

Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay

Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay

Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod

SUMMARY

53

bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries

bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation

bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area

SUMMARY

54

bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries

bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact

55

CLIMATE CHANGE

We can do something about it will

56

Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters

Thank you

Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph

Page 47: Assessing vulnerability of fisheries in the Philippines to

CASE STUDY

47

Boracay Island - 62 of the total municipal population (28 369) - urban villages - marine parks located around the island - 573 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Tourism

Mainland Malay - 38 of the total municipal population (17442) -2 urban villages the rest are rural -297 registered fishers -Main Source of Income Fishing and Farming

bull First class municipality bull 17 villages 12 are coastal bull Estimated 13 million visitors

(2013) bull Population 45 811 (2010) bull No of fishers 870 (2012)

CASE STUDY

48

WAVE EXPOSURE

CASE STUDY

49

Fisheries

Reef ecosystem

Socio- economic

Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries

Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats

High population density

VA-TURF

50

ACTIONS

How does the action

reduce vulnerabil

ity (darrPIuarrAC)

UR

GEN

CY

What is needed for implementation

CA

PAC

ITY

Are there

potential negative impacts

(YN)

What is the value added to

address CC concerns

List benefits

eg ecological

socio-economic

Soci

o-

eco

no

mic

Eco

logi

cal

Go

vern

ance

Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)

uarrAC 3

Establish Marine Park coordinates

Establish Marine Park coordinates

3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats

Socio-economic ecological

Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)

darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side

Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance

3 N Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human)

Regulate water sports (island)

darrPI 3

Assess areas where water sports exist

Review for legal basis for zonation

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning

Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat

Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Sustainable fisheries

Stricter implementation

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards

Protect lives livelihood

Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)

uarrAC darrPI 2

Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)

2 Y Natural buffers to erosion

Protection against erosion

51

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

52

POST VA ACTIVITIES

Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone

Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin

Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay

Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay

Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod

SUMMARY

53

bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries

bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation

bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area

SUMMARY

54

bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries

bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact

55

CLIMATE CHANGE

We can do something about it will

56

Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters

Thank you

Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph

Page 48: Assessing vulnerability of fisheries in the Philippines to

CASE STUDY

48

WAVE EXPOSURE

CASE STUDY

49

Fisheries

Reef ecosystem

Socio- economic

Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries

Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats

High population density

VA-TURF

50

ACTIONS

How does the action

reduce vulnerabil

ity (darrPIuarrAC)

UR

GEN

CY

What is needed for implementation

CA

PAC

ITY

Are there

potential negative impacts

(YN)

What is the value added to

address CC concerns

List benefits

eg ecological

socio-economic

Soci

o-

eco

no

mic

Eco

logi

cal

Go

vern

ance

Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)

uarrAC 3

Establish Marine Park coordinates

Establish Marine Park coordinates

3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats

Socio-economic ecological

Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)

darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side

Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance

3 N Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human)

Regulate water sports (island)

darrPI 3

Assess areas where water sports exist

Review for legal basis for zonation

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning

Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat

Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Sustainable fisheries

Stricter implementation

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards

Protect lives livelihood

Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)

uarrAC darrPI 2

Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)

2 Y Natural buffers to erosion

Protection against erosion

51

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

52

POST VA ACTIVITIES

Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone

Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin

Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay

Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay

Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod

SUMMARY

53

bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries

bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation

bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area

SUMMARY

54

bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries

bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact

55

CLIMATE CHANGE

We can do something about it will

56

Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters

Thank you

Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph

Page 49: Assessing vulnerability of fisheries in the Philippines to

CASE STUDY

49

Fisheries

Reef ecosystem

Socio- economic

Demersal catch Average catch lt3 kgfisherday Habitat-associated gears Significant change in catch composition Few occurrence of fry fisheries

Low proportion of wave-tolerant species Low coral cover Few adjacent habitats

High population density

VA-TURF

50

ACTIONS

How does the action

reduce vulnerabil

ity (darrPIuarrAC)

UR

GEN

CY

What is needed for implementation

CA

PAC

ITY

Are there

potential negative impacts

(YN)

What is the value added to

address CC concerns

List benefits

eg ecological

socio-economic

Soci

o-

eco

no

mic

Eco

logi

cal

Go

vern

ance

Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)

uarrAC 3

Establish Marine Park coordinates

Establish Marine Park coordinates

3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats

Socio-economic ecological

Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)

darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side

Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance

3 N Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human)

Regulate water sports (island)

darrPI 3

Assess areas where water sports exist

Review for legal basis for zonation

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning

Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat

Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Sustainable fisheries

Stricter implementation

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards

Protect lives livelihood

Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)

uarrAC darrPI 2

Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)

2 Y Natural buffers to erosion

Protection against erosion

51

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

52

POST VA ACTIVITIES

Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone

Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin

Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay

Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay

Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod

SUMMARY

53

bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries

bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation

bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area

SUMMARY

54

bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries

bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact

55

CLIMATE CHANGE

We can do something about it will

56

Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters

Thank you

Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph

Page 50: Assessing vulnerability of fisheries in the Philippines to

VA-TURF

50

ACTIONS

How does the action

reduce vulnerabil

ity (darrPIuarrAC)

UR

GEN

CY

What is needed for implementation

CA

PAC

ITY

Are there

potential negative impacts

(YN)

What is the value added to

address CC concerns

List benefits

eg ecological

socio-economic

Soci

o-

eco

no

mic

Eco

logi

cal

Go

vern

ance

Review Marine Park ordinances (island mainland)

uarrAC 3

Establish Marine Park coordinates

Establish Marine Park coordinates

3 Y Expand marine park to other habitats

Socio-economic ecological

Review sewage system (Yapak Balabag Manoc-manoc)

darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Assessment of potential groundwater seepage Review water circulation on the east side

Coordination with BIWC Enforcement of ordinance

3 N Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human)

Regulate water sports (island)

darrPI 3

Assess areas where water sports exist

Review for legal basis for zonation

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Health benefits (Habitat Human) Proper Zoning

Strengthen enforcement in fisheries (mainland island)

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to fisherfolks and Bantay Dagat

Review updated ordinance Capacity building for Bantay Dagat

3 Y Reduction of habitat threats

Sustainable fisheries

Stricter implementation

uarrAC darrPI 3 IEC to residents and establishments

Study variability Kamay na Bakal 3 Y Adjustment of easement standards

Protect lives livelihood

Thicken beach vegetation (island mainland)

uarrAC darrPI 2

Assess beach vegetation (existence identification or profiling)

2 Y Natural buffers to erosion

Protection against erosion

51

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

52

POST VA ACTIVITIES

Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone

Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin

Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay

Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay

Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod

SUMMARY

53

bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries

bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation

bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area

SUMMARY

54

bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries

bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact

55

CLIMATE CHANGE

We can do something about it will

56

Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters

Thank you

Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph

Page 51: Assessing vulnerability of fisheries in the Philippines to

51

CASE STUDY

CASE STUDY

52

POST VA ACTIVITIES

Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone

Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin

Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay

Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay

Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod

SUMMARY

53

bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries

bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation

bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area

SUMMARY

54

bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries

bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact

55

CLIMATE CHANGE

We can do something about it will

56

Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters

Thank you

Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph

Page 52: Assessing vulnerability of fisheries in the Philippines to

CASE STUDY

52

POST VA ACTIVITIES

Other Projects Underwater Clean Up Beach Clean Up Adopt a Marine Sanctuary Program Coral refurbishment project Demolition of establishments on the 25+5 easement zone

Seaweed farming at Mainland Malay Photo FJBalquin

Mangrove rehabilitation Photo MAO-Malay

Refresher for Bantay Dagat on ordinances Photo MAO-Malay

Ridge to Reef IEC for barangay organizations primary and secondary schools Photo AAKLumagod

SUMMARY

53

bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries

bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation

bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area

SUMMARY

54

bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries

bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact

55

CLIMATE CHANGE

We can do something about it will

56

Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters

Thank you

Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph

Page 53: Assessing vulnerability of fisheries in the Philippines to

SUMMARY

53

bull Climate change has direct and indirect impact to fisheries

bull Identification of vulnerable areas is a first step towards climate change adaptation

bull Site-specific attributes contribute to the overall vulnerability of an area

SUMMARY

54

bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries

bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact

55

CLIMATE CHANGE

We can do something about it will

56

Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters

Thank you

Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph

Page 54: Assessing vulnerability of fisheries in the Philippines to

SUMMARY

54

bull VA-TURF is a simple tool for non-scientists to use and apply in their community to identify vulnerable fishing communities

bull The results from the assessment allows identification of adaptation strategies to alleviate potential climate change impacts on fisheries

bull Vulnerability differences and adaptation measures can significantly shift the outcome of any climate change impact

55

CLIMATE CHANGE

We can do something about it will

56

Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters

Thank you

Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph

Page 55: Assessing vulnerability of fisheries in the Philippines to

55

CLIMATE CHANGE

We can do something about it will

56

Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters

Thank you

Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph

Page 56: Assessing vulnerability of fisheries in the Philippines to

56

Dr Porfirio ldquoPerryrdquo Alintildeo Dr Samuel Mamauag VA Workshop facilitators and documenters

Thank you

Contact details remelyndrgmailcom rideramosmsiupdeduph