assessing users preferences for different landscape types ... · understanding the role of farming:...

assessing users preferences for different landscape types and land cover compositions

Function - Capacity of a landscape to provide goods and services that satisfy human needs, demands and goals, directly or indirectly

Commodity functions: market value>> supported by their direct payment or support(agriculture and forestry production, hunting,..)

Non-commodity functions: to which there is no market or market does not work perfectly

>> externalities of commodity functions or supported by public policies

(aesthetic value, recreation, quality of life, heritage, environmental quality, nature conservation…)

Multifunctionality - integration of several functions in the same space and time

ANALYTICAL concept:> evaluation of various functions that aresupported in the spatial unit concerned


Farm

Landscape

Field

Should the traditional farming systems be maintained ?

How much ? ..what to maintain and what to let change ?

How ? ..market or public policies ?

Where ? .. define vocation in each landscape ?

Multifunctionality demand is an opportunity, but implies new paradigms for management and new questions for research


Assessing demand for amenity and cultural functions:

what is valued by whom and where ?

what should be supported by public

policies ?

which functions can be developed and

combined where ?

Understanding the role of farming:

besides production, are farm systems

the most adequate land management

system ?

which farm systems are more adapted?

how does farming contributes or may

contribute to the different functions

provided by a landscape ?


In peripheries with high valued landscapes

but decaying agriculture: assessment of

•Main characteristics and trends of change >> landscape areas >> DIFFERENTIATION

•Expectations and preferences of existing landscape by users of amenity and cultural functions >> DEMAND

•Role that farming has for these functions

•Limitations and potentialities felt at the farm level for the support of these functions >> TERRITORILISATION



Collection and manipulation of photographs

Data analyses and discussion

Castelo de Vide characterization

Landscape areas identification

Surveys and sample design

1

Inquiries

4

32

6 5

A - Shist

B – Agro-Silvo pastoral

systems

C – Olive grove mosaic

D – S. Mamede Hills

A

B

C

D

Landscape areas



stratified random sample by Landscape areas

Sample = 1.25% of the study area

1 - 504 photos = 14 segments x 4 directions x 9 points

2 - 187 valid photos;

3 - Organization in 26 classes, according land cover and land use;

4 - Random selection of 1 photograph for each class;

5 - Total of 30 photographs

Conclusions:

Clear difference among the four landscape areas;

Within each landscape area, land cover and land use intensity was not clear(fuzzy).

Inquiries: Real Photos

Montado with open pastures + Montado with shrubs

Montado with shrubs + Shrubs

Extensive olive grove with settlements

Olive grove mosaic with other extensive uses and settlements

Landowners

New-rurals and 2nd housing people

Hunters

Ecotourists

Local inhabitants

Example:

Photos selected randomly in the 1st phase to represent

each landscape area Schist Agro-silvo-

pastoral systems

Olive groves

Mosaic S. Mamede

Hills


Within each l a n d s c a p e a r e a t h e same sky and horizon was kept

Example:

Olive grove mosaic

Elements included in the photo

manipulation

-

+

Inte

ns

ity

Cattle

Housing Rocks

Village

C

B

D

A A C DB

Photos used as a background for the

photo manipulation in each landscape area

C

SURVEYS

69 photos classified according to different

land cover and use existent patterns

Landowners

New-rurals and 2nd housing people

Hunters

Ecotourists

Local inhabitants

n=50

n=48

n=40

n=40

n=30

B3-Open cork oak Montado

B1-Shrubs

B4-Montado with shrubs

B5-Pyrenean oak montado

B2-Pastures with scattered shrubs


Example:

From these 5 photographs which one you prefer for your activity as a Landowner? and why?

I prefer B3, because it seems better for cattle production.

Open cork oak montado + house

Open cork oak montado + cattle

Open cork oak montado + rock outcrops


Example

And now if you could include any of these elements or combinations which would you choose?

I prefer the photo with cattle and the house.

Landowners Hunters Newrurals EcotouristsLocal

inhabitants

n/a* 2% 0% 2% 0% 0%

no elements 8% 22,5% 19% 10% 10%

cattle+rock outcrops+house

8% 0% 17% 22,5% 33,3%

rock outcrops+house

4% 5% 10% 10% 23,3%

cattle+house 56% 0% 6% 2,5% 6,7%

cattle+rock outcrops

0% 0% 4% 7,5% 3,3%

house 12% 0% 15% 5% 10%

rock outcrops 0% 72,5% 23% 37,5% 13,3%

cattle 10% 0% 4% 5% 0%

Total 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%


Landowners Local inhabitants New-rurals

Reeasons for choosing this photograph

Higher capacity for occupation/intensity

Land occupation

Land form\Physiography

Aesthetic and sensorial aspects

Nature\Natural aspects

Higher capacity for occupation/intensity



Species\Biodiversity

Ellements chosen for this photograph

Cattle + House Cattle + House + Rock outcrops Rock outcrops


Hunters Ecotourist

Reasons for choosingg this photograph

Lower capacity for occupation/intensity

Species\Biodiversity



Elements chosen for this photograph

Without elements View to the town



Landowners Hunters New-rurals EcotouristsLocal

inhabitants

Morphology/Physiography 8,4% 5,6% 10,6% 8,8% 9,7%

Land occupation/Land cover 22,2% 8,7% 6,4% 2,7% 12,5%

Higher intensity/Occupation capacity 44,6% 6,5% 8,7% 2,1% 10,4%

Lower intensity/Occupation capacity 5,1% 13,0% 5,7% 4,5% 2,9%

Diversity 0,8% 7,3% 4,1% 6,1% 3,6%

Nature/Natural aspects 2,5% 15,8% 16,6% 24,5% 14,3%

Species/Biodiversity 1,3% 40,0% 6,7% 5,6% 3,9%

Her i tage /Const ruc ted E lements /Structures

4,9% 0,5% 8,7% 10,4% 12,2%

Aesthetic and sensorial aspects 3,8% 2,0% 26,8% 28,2% 30,1%

Other reasons 6,4% 0,6% 5,7% 7,1% 0,4%

Total 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0% 100,0%

The multiple correspondence analysis results:

hunting foreign peoplePortuguese new-

rurals and ecotourists

local inhabitants farmersecotourists

•game species.

•naturalized landscapes, without human elements.

•rock outcrops.

•male gender.

•low education level.

•environmental quality.

• naturalized landscapes, without human elements.

• value the view to town and rock outcrops

•high education level

•aesthetical quality.

•extensively used patches with cultural heritage elements.

•younger people.

•students.

•female gender.

•landscape diversity.

•farming landscapes with some nature.

•value the cultural and natural elements like the town, stonewalls and rock outcrops.

•aesthetical quality

•humanized landscapes where farming practices are important.

• all elements (cattle, rocks, houses and town)

•value cultural heritage

•female gender

•low education level

•higher capacity for occupation/intensity

•open landscapes, with arable land

•cattle, and human elements (houses, village)

•farming fundamental for landscape


27%20%8%16%14%15%


Which is the advantage for the future management of the territory?

Different groups of

users ->> different

expectations for

the rural landscape

->> different

landscape patterns

Can be possible a conciliation?

Tradition or innovation?

How to consider in policies?

and in management at different levels?


Conclusions|Discussion

Does it exist a difference

between the village +

surroundings and the

remaining municipality?

One or several

identities?

>> defining

priorities?

…focus efforts

in specific areas

Or spread efforts all

across the

municipality?

…zoning,

considering agriculture?

New ways of

management ?


>> Can be possible a conciliation between

some functions?

>> Not all landscapes can ensure optimally all

functions.

Human presence

in landscape?

Hunting and

ecotourism in

same areas?

Abandonment or

re-naturalization ?

More new-rurals?

= land abandonment?

= heritage restoration?

= innovation and

management in rural

landscapes?

= take advantage of

traditional knowledge?

assessing users preferences for different landscape types ... · understanding the role of farming:...

Documents