assessing agroforestry in multifunctional agriculture mosaics: learning from the landscape ...
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Authors: Louise E. Buck and Jeffrey C. Milder, Cornell University and Ecoagriculture Partners. Presented at the 2nd World Agroforestry Congress.TRANSCRIPT
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Assessing Agroforestry in Multifunctional Agriculture Mosaics:
Learning from the Landscape Measures Initiative
Louise E. Buck and Jeffrey C. Milder
Cornell University and Ecoagriculture Partners
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Ecoagriculture
Landscapes managed to
secure rural livelihoods
and sustain agricultural
production – of crops,
livestock, fish and forests
– while conserving or
restoring biodiversity and
ecosystem services.
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Theory of ecoagriculture
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• Links farm or forest level actions to the broader ecosystem
• Integrates community based initiatives with wider regional perspectives
• Merges (agro) ecosystem thinking with related stakeholder processes
Value of the landscape perspective
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Ecoagriculture and agroforestry
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How does agroforestry practice contribute to ecoagriculture outcomes?
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Landscape Measures Initiative (LMI)
• Consultation among diverse international organizations
• Field testing by Ecoagriculture Working Group partners and researchers
• Linking researchers & practitioners in collaborative management
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Framework for measuring landscape performance
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Plant pollination
Landscape Performance Scorecard
Directions: Score your landscape for each question below by circling a number on a scale of 1 – 5, with 1 indicating very poor landscape performance and 5 indicating extremely high performance. The goals are stated to provide context for the questions. Conservation Goal: The landscape conserves, maintains, and restores wild biodiversity and ecosystem services Conservation Questions C1: Does the landscape contain an adequate quantity and suitable configuration of natural and semi-natural habitat to protect native biodiversity?
1 2 3 4 5
C2: Do natural and semi-natural habitats in the landscape approximate the composition and structure of the habitats historically found in the landscape?
1 2 3 4 5
C3: Are important species within the landscape biologically viable?
1 2 3 4 5
C4: Does the landscape provide locally, regionally, and globally important ecosystem services?
1 2 3 4 5
C5: Do productive areas of the landscape limit the degradation of nearby natural areas and aquatic resources?
1 2 3 4 5
Production Goal: The landscape provides for sustainable, productive, and ecologically compatible agricultural production systems. Production Questions P1: Do production systems respond to demand by internal (local) consumers and buyers, and by external buyers?
1 2 3 4 5
P2: Are production systems financially viable and can they adapt to changes in input and output markets?
1 2 3 4 5
P3: Are production systems resilient to disturbances, both natural and human?
1 2 3 4 5
P4: Do production practices have a neutral or positive impact on wild biodiversity and ecosystem services?
1 2 3 4 5
P5: Are species and varietal diversity of crops, livestock, fisheries and forests adequate and maintained?
1 2 3 4 5
Livelihood Goal: The landscape sustains or enhances the livelihoods and well-being of all social groups that reside there. Livelihood Questions L1: Are households and communities able to meet their basic needs while sustaining natural resources?
1 2 3 4 5
L2: Is the value of household and community income and assets increasing?
1 2 3 4 5
L3: Do households and communities have sustainable and equitable access to critical natural resource stocks and flows?
1 2 3 4 5
L4: Are people in the landscape able to adapt to changes in human and non-human (plant & animal) population dynamics?
1 2 3 4 5
Institutional Performance Scorecard
Characteristics
Financial Capacity
Human
Capacity
Demonstrated
leadership
Coordination with other
organizations
Effectiveness/
Influence
Name of Group or Organization
Longevity in the
Landscape
1-5
1-5
1-5
1-5
1-5
1-5
Total Score
Institutional Performance
Score (Total/5)
Public --National Authorities / Govt
Agriculture
Forest management
Conservation (protected areas) Rural development
Characteristic
Subtotal = Public; Regional & Local Authorities
Agriculture
Forest management
Conservation (protected areas) Rural development
Characteristic
Subtotal =
Local Groups and Organizations
Community-based organization (CBO) Farmer producer groups/networks Religious Organizations Traditional Groups
Characteristic
Subtotal =
Landscape Measures Scorecards
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Landscape Measures Resource Center (LMRC)
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Elements of the LMRCAssessment Process- Defining the approach- Engaging stakeholders- Understanding performance
criteria- Identifying indicators- Establishing a baseline- Tracking change
Measurement Practice- Conceptual tools- Communication tools- Planning tools- Scoring tools- Data collection tools- Gender analysis tools- Spatial analysis tools- Cross sectoral analysis tools
Case Studies - Characterize diverse entry points
- Typify diverse settings, situations,actors
- Illustrate applications of measurement activity and tools
Glossary - Creates a common language of landscape
measurement and management
Communication Forums - Page-specific comments – LMRC blog- Unit or topic-specific input – Forum
http:// landscapemeasures.org
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Landscape assessment process
DEFINING THE APPROACH
DEFINING THE APPROACH
ENGAGING STAKEHOLDERS
ENGAGING STAKEHOLDERS
CREATING PERFORMANCE GOALS
AND CRITERIA
CREATING PERFORMANCE GOALS
AND CRITERIA
CHOOSING INDICATORSCHOOSING
INDICATORSESTABLISHING A
BASELINEESTABLISHING A
BASELINE
TRACKING CHANGE
TRACKING CHANGE
+ Feedback
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Tool design – application – adaptation
• Biodiversity inventory in agroforestry setting
• Collaborative land cover mapping
• Georeferenced photo-documentation
• Landscape and institutional performance scoring
• Local livelihood analysis
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Is the landscape moving in the right direction?
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Balancing multiple desired outcomes
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Landscape Measures Approach
• Processes and tools for assessing ecoagriculture landscape performance and negotiating outcomes
• Supports stakeholder- driven adaptive management embedded in a social learning process
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Next Step – Proof of Concept
Testing for relevance of LM approach to diverse organizations engaged in integrated resource management
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LM Proof of Concept Framework
Advancing tools to support diverse stakeholder capacities in: • Landscape literacy
• Landscape assessment & monitoring
• Landscape design
• Landscape negotiation & planning
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Acknowledgements
• The Nature Conservancy
• The World Bank
• Royal Government of the Netherlands
• TerreAfrica
• Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
• Numerous collaborating organizations
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More Information
www.ecoagriculturepartners.org Landscape Measures Initiative
http://landscapemeasures.org