assess of digestive and gi function ch 34

8/8/2019 Assess of Digestive and GI Function Ch 34

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Copyright 2008 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Chapter 34Assessment of Digestive and

Gastrointestinal Function


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Functions of the Digestive TractFunctions of the Digestive Tract

Breakdown of food for digestion

Absorption of nutrients produced by digestion into thebloodstream

Elimination of undigested foodstuffs and other wasteproducts


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TermsTerms

Digestion: phase of the digestive process that occurswhen enzymes mix with ingested food and when

proteins, fats, and sugars are broken down into theircomponent molecules

Absorption: phase of the digestive process that occurswhen small molecules, vitamins, and minerals passthrough the walls of the small and large intestine and

into the bloodstream

Elimination: phase of the digestive process that occursafter digestion and absorption, when waste products areeliminated from the body


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Organs of the Digestive SystemOrgans of the Digestive System


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Major Enzymes and SecretionsMajor Enzymes and Secretions

Mouth: saliva, salivary amylase

Stomach: hydrochloric acid, pepsin, intrinsic factor Small intestine: amylase, lipase, trypsin, bile

See Table 34-1


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QuestionQuestion

The enzyme bile that is responsible for fat emulsification issecreted by which of the following?

a. Small intestine

b. Gallbladder

c. Stomach

d. Mouth


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AnswerAnswer

b. Gallbladder

Rationale: Bile is secreted by the liver and gallbladder.


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QuestionQuestion

Tell whether the following statement is true or false.

Blood flow to the GI tract is about 20% of the total cardiacoutput.


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AnswerAnswer

True.

Rationale: Blood flow to the GI tract is about 20% of thetotal cardiac output and increases significantly aftereating.


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Assessment: HistoryAssessment: History

Include all information related to GI function

Abdominal pain, dyspepsia, gas, nausea andvomiting, constipation, diarrhea, fecal continence,change in bowel patterns, characteristics of stool,jaundice, history of GI surgery or problems, appetiteand eating patterns, teeth, and nutritionalassessment, including weight patterns

Psychosocial, spiritual, and cultural factors

Assess knowledge; need for patient education


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Common Sites of Referred Abdominal PainCommon Sites of Referred Abdominal Pain


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Examination of the AbdomenExamination of the Abdomen


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Quadrants of the AbdomenQuadrants of the Abdomen


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GastroscopyGastroscopy


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ColonoscopyColonoscopy


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SigmoidoscopySigmoidoscopy


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QuestionQuestion

Which of the following would not be considered aconsequence of diarrhea?

a. Bicarbonate loss

b. pH of 7.30

c. Electrolyte imbalance

d. Hyperkalemia


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AnswerAnswer

d. Hyperkalemia

Rationale: A complication of diarrhea is a decreasedpotassium level (hypokalemia).

assess of digestive and gi function ch 34

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