eQ JOURNAL ISSUE 005 RETHINKING RECYCLING TABLEOF 2CONTENTSPCW ISNT ALWAYS PC9PICKING APART OUR TRASH 4FOURQUESTIONS

10SINGLE STREAM RECYCLING 15THE BEST USE OF RECYCLED FIBER 27SAPPIS ENVIRONMENTAL COMMITMENT 32KNOWLEDGE IS POWER 35CREATIVITY MATTERS LETTER FROM THE EDITOR Recycling paper is a great way to reduce our environmental footprintbut how we put that fiber to use is not a simple one-size-fits-all solution. We need to be responsible. We need to follow the science. We need to put recovered fiber to its best use, where it will lower emissions and the consumption of natural resources.LAURA M. For decades, recycled content was the go-to attribute for making environmentally impacts for paper in terms of increased costs THOMPSON, PhDpreferable materialsin both paper and other Director of industries. It seems intuitive that if recycling Technical Marketing is good for the environment, then using and Sustainable recycled ber must also be good. And if a little Developmentbit of something is good, then more must be better. However, as the science of sustainability Sappi Fine Paper North Americahas matured, we have come to view issues more holisticallyto approach complex concepts with systems thinking. Weve learned that whats in your paper is only part of the picture. Responsible sourcing of materials is critical, but we must also consider the environmental impacts of manufac turingincluding those associated with processing scrap paper. There are vast differences in systems that make deinked pulp for use in graphic paper versus other recycling systems that have higher yield with less environmental impact.Using recycled ber is not a one-size-ts- all solution. In fact, the US Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has issued environmental marketing guidance, stating that Claiming Green, made with recycled content may be deceptive if the environmental costs of using recycled content outweigh the environmental benets of using it.Despite the fact that paper far outshines other materials in recovery rates, there are still major opportunities and challenges ahead. When assessing the full life cycle of printed materials, we know that greenhouse gas emissions from landll disposal are a key contributor to a products carbon footprint. The growth of single stream recycling has improved recovery rates, but it also has signicant downstream and lower quality. But many regions have passed the tipping point of investment in collection and sorting systems, so we must learn to cope with these challenges.One solution is to make sure that recovered fiber is put to its best use. We must work to ensure that fiber flows to where it makes the most economic and environmental sense. Its easy to believe that more recycled content is always better, but the answer is not that simple. We are committed to researching and following the science behind this complex issue. We invite you to explore these issues with us. In this edition of the eQ Journal, we review recycled ber markets, oer an in-depth look at single stream recycling, learn about the trade- os associated with using recycled ber in dierent applications and hear from leaders across other segments in the industry.We also discuss Sappis overall commitment to waste management and our efforts to support recycling education and outreach. We touch on the importance of life cycle analysis, as we detail the cradle-to-gate greenhouse gas emissions at our Somerset Mill.Lastly, we oer insights for how everyone can reduce their environmental impact across the life cycle of printed materials. We must continue to increase paper recovery and do our homework to make appropriate procurement decisions. We must also stop looking at recycling as an excuse for excessive consumption and remember the other Rs that come rst: reduce and reuse. So when you are nished with this journal, please consider keeping it for future reference, or share it with a friend (or two) and then recycle it. 1 PCW ISNT ALWAYS PCThese days, its common to believe we should use as much post-consumer recycled ber in as many paper grades as possible. Unfortu-nately, its not that simple. The true story is much more complicated. You have to dig deeper. Read on to learn the surprising truth about the complex world of paper recycling. FOUR QUESTIONS Why is it important to recycle paper? WASTE REDUCTION IS A FUNDAMENTAL TENET of sustainability and recycling is an integral element Can our society reach recycling of paper products? FOR RECYCLING IN GENERAL, THE MAJOR barriers for increasing recovery rates are access and of any solid waste management plan. Its one of the three Rs were all familiar with: reducereuserecycle, practiced in that order. The environmental benets of recycling vary greatly between programs. For materials like e-waste, it is critical to minimize exposure to hazardous materials. For household products like aluminum or glass beverage containers, there are enormous energy savings for using recycled materials over processing raw materials. The number one reason to recycle paper is to avoid the generation of greenhouse gases in landlls.Organic materialsincluding food waste, grass clippings and leavesdecompose much faster than other materials in landlls. In the absence of oxygen, one of the by-products of biodegradation is methane. Methanealso known as natural gashas a global warming potential that is 25 times higher than carbon dioxide. This is why many municipalities require that grass clippings and leaves be separated from other waste streams. By managing these streams separately they can develop composting systemswhich break down materials in the presence of airto avoid methane generation. The same is true for the ber in paper products. By keeping these materials out of landlls, the ber can be put to use and avoid methane formation. 4 education. In other words, people need to understand what can be recycled and where. While most of us quickly become familiar with recycling programs at home or in school, we may experience dierent programs at work and in public venues. Or worse yet, we may not have access to recycling at all.For paper products, recovery rates in the US are at an all-time high. In fact, paper recovery increased by 1.2 million tons in 2011, lifting the recovery rate to a record-high 66.8%. Thats up from 63.5% in 2010 and 33.5% in 1990. Digging deeper into the data reveals that the recovery of printing and writing grades lags behind that of other products, like corrugated containers. As an industry segment, we have to do better. While some paper products can never be recycled (e.g., personal hygiene products like bathroom tissue and towel), all of Sappis coated fine papers can and should be recycled. If 87% of Americans have access to curbside or drop-o paper recycling programs, we can infer that recycling magazines and catalogs is not limited by access, but perhaps simply by awareness. For this reason, we are strong supporters of recycling education and outreach, and we encourage corporate marketers and graphic designers to use please recycle statements or logos on all printed pieces.If you are unsure whether something can be recycled, the best solution is to seek out information rather than err toward landlling. Resources like Earth911.com can help identify recycling facilities. What is single stream recycling? THE TERM SINGLE STREAM RECYCLING IS used to refer to collection processes where recyclable Why doesnt Sappi make coated papers with 100% recycled content? IN MANUFACTURING, SELECTION OF MATERIALS must balance economic and environmental consider-materials are comingled, or all placed in a single bin. By contrast, some recycling programs are designed to separate various materials, collecting glass, metals and plastics separately from paper. While single stream systems typically result in lower collection costs and higher overall recycling rates, unfortunately they also lead to increased levels of cross-contamination. For example, paper collected through single stream systems will contain more glass, plastic and organic matter, ultimately leading to higher costs and lower quality for paper recycling facilities.Several studies have shown that the downstream costs associated with additional sorting and lower quality due to contamination are greater than the savings achieved through single stream collection methods. However, because the cost burden of collection (borne primarily by munic- ipalities and ultimately residents) is typically separated from the rest of the value stream (the scrap materials markets), it is unlikely that the momentum toward single stream recovery will be reversed.In addition to municipal programs, many oce buildings are also turning to single stream collections. Unfortunately, this means high-value oce paper is often comingled with other products and ends up in a mixed paper stream instead of staying separated.If given a choice, think about downstream processing and separate recyclables when you can. ations alongside performance attributes. At Sappi, we oer products with up to 30% recycled ber derived from post-consumer waste. Unfortunately, it is an oversimplied notion to universally promote maximizing recycled ber in all paper products. Paper is not monolithic; certain paper grades and even certain mills are better suited for using recycled ber than others. There are vast dierences between processing recycled ber for packaging applications versus doing so for premium papers. Some mills are integrated with pulping systems, while others rely on purchased fiber. Pulping can be done mechanically (e.g., groundwood) or chemically (i.e., kraft pulping). Depending on the grade and the application, there may or may not be bleaching involved. And so on. Ultimately, recycled ber should be used in products where it does not create a higher net environmental impact.Many people are surprised to learn that recycled ber processed to meet our quality standards for brightness and cleanlinessis actually more expensive than manufac- turing pulp on-site from wood. Recycled bers are lower in strength than virgin ber and as a result there are physical limitations to how much recycled fiber can be utilized without compromising the strength properties of the paper. Because most of the energy used to process recycled ber is purchased from the power grid, many deinking mills have higher carbon emissions than Sappis integrated pulp mills that use more renewable energy sources. In fact, our analysis shows that adding 10% recycled ber to products made at our Somerset mill actually raises the carbon footprint of those products by 16%. 5 Its time torecycle yothinking. to your g. In 2010, Americans on we managed to compost average produced 4.43 pounds of trash for every man, woman and child in the country, every day. Of the 250 million tons generated, or recycle roughly 85 million tons of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) that?s just over one- third, 34.1%. OTHER3.4% 28.5% PAPERFOOD SCRAPS13.9% TOTAL MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE GENERATED IN 2010250 MILLION TONSGLASS4.6% YARD TRIMMINGS13.4% METALS9.0% WOOD6.4%PLASTICSRUBBER, LEATHER AND TEXTILES 12.4%8.4% 8 RECYCLING PICKING APART we as a society throw into the trash makes its OUR TRASH way into a landll. However, there are a wide range of environmental benets to be reaped from recycling various materials. For materials like e-waste it is possible to recover precious metals and eliminate potential environmental damage. For household products like aluminum or glass beverage containers, there are enormous energy savings for using recycled Municipal Solid Waste materials over processing raw materials. The number one reason to recycle paper is to avoid WHERE IT COMES FROM AND WHAT WE DO WITH ITMunicipal Solid Waste (MSW) consists of materials ordinary citizens throw into the trash at our homes and oces. This includes everything from food scraps to lawn waste to old tires and computerseven paper products. the generation of greenhouse gases in landlls. The good news is that educational programs and greater access to recycling facilities have resulted in a signicant rise in recycling rates since the middle of the 20th century. In fact, recycling rates in the US have increased 432% MSW does not, however, include industrial or construction waste. All MSW doesnt necessarily have to wind up in a landll, but unfortunately most of it does. In fact, around two-thirds of everything since 1960. So were doing a much better job today than we have in the past, but as you can see in the chart below, there is still plenty of room for improvement in recycling the materials we consume on a daily basis. Solid waste generation MSW GENERATION (MILLION TONS)increased by 0.77 pounds per person per day between 1980 and 2010, while recycling rates also increased during that same period up from less than 10% in 1980 to about 34% in The total amount of waste going to landlls has remained over 160 million tons per year since 1990. MSW RECYCLING RATES 88.1 121.1 151.6 208.3 242.5 249.96.4%6.6%19.6%16%28.6%34.1% 196019701980199020002010 9 PAPER AND PAPERBOARDHOW IT HAPPENS SINGLE STREAM RECYCLING GLASS TOGETHER IN ONE BINCURBSIDE PICKUPDUMPED ONTO TIPPING FLOORFEED CONVEYOR THINKING FORWARD A wide range of materials can now be recycled, but there is still a long way to go to increase participation and effec- tiveness of recycling programs. More impor- tantly, every municipality Single stream recycling is being implemented by municipalities to lower costs of waste handling while increasing participation in recycling programs. Single stream systems collect all recyclable materials together, in one bin, and then separate them later at a centralized sorting facility. This approach means that residents dont have to separate paper, plastic, metals, glass and other recyclables in their homes PLASTICS 1 7 to check with your local is different. Be sure or oces. Instead, everything goes into one bin and recycling facility to learn specically which materials are acceptable for recycling and just as importantly, which materials are prohibited. Where access to recycling is not available, encourage your local community to consider offering services. gets separated and organized at a materials recovery facility after collection.But single stream is not without its drawbacks. Many paper recyclers have seen a decrease in the quality of recovered paper as the adoption of single stream recycling has increased. Contamination from uids, food and other materials in the recovery system (especially broken glass) are largely responsible for this decrease in quality. Some items, like plastic bags, can wreak havoc on separation systems and should be recycled separately. Even still, many communities have concluded that the increased participation in recycling programs and METALS cost savings that result from single stream decidedly outweigh some of its downstream drawbacks.10Sappi eQ Journal : Issue 005 THE HUMAN TOUCH Despite all the advancements in sorting technology, materials are still constantly winding up where they shouldnt be. Quality REDUCE, REUSE, RECYCLEIts important to note that recycling is the last leg in the Reduce, Reuse, Recycle mantra. Where possible, try to reduce consumption EXPERT INSIGHTCARDBOARD BALED SOLDKevin Roche of ecomaine, a single SEPARATEDstream recycler, takes a moment controllers manually separate anything missed or misplaced by the automated sections of the recycling system. of materials and reuse items before inserting them into the recycling stream. Using paper as an example, good design can reduce waste on press; magazines, books and catalogs can be passed along to walk us through the single stream recycling process. to friends; and at the end of their useful lives, all printed materials should be recycled. SIZING IT UPThe next piece of equipment NEWSPAPER, OFFICE PAPER & MANUAL QUALITY BALEDSOLD STEP ONE The rst thing that happens is the is a cardboard separator, which basically separates the cardboard by size. MAIL SEPARATED CONTROL material gets dumped into a pit and metered onto a conveyor system. We have an inspection station that pulls out any kind of gross contamination. That includes things that would foul So anything newspaper-size or smaller falls through, including all the containers. Larger than newspaper-sized material, which is predom- STEEL & TIN SEPARATED NUMBER CRUNCHER BALED SOLD up our system, like hoses or propane tanks that we dont want inantly cardboard or very large plastic, passes over the screen.CLEAN BREAKA glass separator breaks the Our automatic PET separator separates the number one PET containers, and then by OTHER PLASTICS SEPARATEDBALEDSOLD to let into our sorting system. glass and screens out the glass particulate material. hand we separate the two, three, four, all the way up to number seven plastics.FAST EDDYAn eddy current separates the aluminum by lifting it over the conveyor and dropping LANDFILLit into its own bin. 1ST DISK 2ND COMBINATION GLASS MAGNET OPTICAL MANUAL EDDY WHATEVER IS PRE-SORT SCREENS PRE-SORT NEWS SCREENS BREAKER PRECIOUS METALS SCANNER SORT CURRENT LEFT OVERSCREEN ALL ABOUT ITThe container stream ows After the second pre-sort we have a newspaper screen that separates the newspaper. The newspaper goes over the screen and everything else falls through, which would down the system and theres a magnet that pulls out the ferrous product.ALUMINUM SEPARATEDBALEDSOLDLEFTOVERSWASTE TO ENERGY be the plastic, metal, glass and Unfortunately, certain materials mail. The third screen is a mixed LIGHT PLASTICS BALED SOLD cannot be recycled despite our best SNAGS IN THE SYSTEM Plastic bags are the bane of single stream recyclers. They clog up the machine gears and usually cannot paper sorter. SEPARATED efforts. After recycling, incineration for energy production is the second preferred use for waste. Landlling the material should be used as the be recycled by most single stream GLASS last possible option only after all MANUAL WATER OPTICAL COLLECTED SOLDrecyclers anyway. This means they SEPARATED other options have been exhausted.QUALITY MISTER SCANNERwind up in a landfill, so please dont include them in your recycling bin. Instead, take them to a grocery store that accepts and CONTROL recycles plastic bags. For more info visit PlasticBagRecycling.org.PLASTIC BAGS SEPARATEDBALEDSOLDPAPER SEPARATEDCERAMIC & STONE SEPARATED NON-RECYCLABLES SEPARATEDLANDFILL

RESIN IDENTIFICATION CODESResin codes help recyclers sort plastics based on their POLYETHYLENE TEREPHTHALATE HIGH DENSITY POLYETHYLENE POLYVINYL CHLORIDE LOW DENSITY POLYETHYLENE POLYPROPYLENE Medicine bottles, POLYSTYRENE Disposable cups OTHER PLASTICS RIGID PLASTICS SEPARATEDBALEDSOLDpolymer type. Different types of plastics are found in household waste, and not every facility recycles all types. Be sure to check with your local recycling program to determine which plastics are accepted.Plastic beverage bottles and food jars.Shampoo and cleaning bottles, toys, shipping containers.Cooking oil bottles, pipes, fencing, medical tubing.Grocery and garbage bags, shrink-wrap.bottle caps, automotive parts.and utensils, foam food packaging.3- and 5-gallon reusable water bottles, acrylic, nylon. HOW WERE DOINGThis chart gives you an idea of how well were Paper RecoveryWHY WE NEED TO RECYCLEDid You Know? currently recovering common recyclable Paper, in particular, is an important materials in the US. As you can see, regardless material to recover due to the amount of material, a large portion of recyclable materials still winds up in a landll. We are missing of methane it can produce if allowed to opportunities to conserve natural resources decompose in a landll. And methane and reduce our environmental impact.is 25 times worse than carbon dioxide in terms of its global warming MATERIAL GENERATION potentialor the ability to trap heat million tons generated in 2010)in the atmosphere. Recycled ber also provides benets in terms of reduced MATERIAL RECYCLING RATES water usage and energy savings for (selected materials in 2010)many applications. It is important to remember, though, that recycled ber alone cannot meet all our ber supply needs, as recycled ber breaks down losing strength characteristicsevery time it is recycled. Furthermore, an estimated 15% of paper products such as tissues cannot be recycled. Virgin ber must be used to meet the global demand for ber and should be sourced 14,000One million tons of recovered paper can ll more than 14,000 railroad cars.from responsibly managed forests.81%71.3 31.0 22.4 11.5 Paper and paperboard 62.5% 8.2% 35.1% 27.1%recovery has increased 81% between 1990 and 2011. PAPER & PLASTICS METALS GLASSPAPERBOARD25xMethanewhich can be generated by paper decomposing in landlls has a global warming potential25x higher than CO2.50 MillionThe amount of wood and paper Americans trash every year holds the energy potential to heat 50 million homes for 20 years. 12Sappi eQ Journal : Issue 005 3.3 cubic yardsEvery ton of paper recycled 3.52Every short ton of mixed paper that is not sent to landll avoids 3.52 metric tons of CO2 equivalents. Material Acquisition End of Life Manufacturing Life cycle analysis has shown that the saves more than 3.3 cubic yards of landll space. 268Distribution/Use Printing and Converting end of lifehow a product is disposed ofcontributes nearly as much to the carbon footprint of a paper product as the manufacturing process. Million (268 million) of Americans have access to curbside or drop-off paper recycling programs. Were constantly looking for and finding new products that can use recovered fiber. Were making a floor cover for industries and convention centers that dont want to ruin their floors, tubes for pouring concrete, products for the produce industry and others. Were proud to make products that are made of 100% recycled fiber. If it werent for our industry, it would be back in the landfill. JOHNNY GOLDTHE NEWARK GROUP 338pounds In 2011, the amount of paper recovered for recycling averaged 338 pounds for every man, woman and child in the United States. Rethinking Recycling 13 We wholly support the waste hierarchy, which is Reduce, Reuse, Recyclein that order. Once we get material into our facility, our first priority is to recycle it. Converting it to waste energy is the second-best option for the planet. Landfilling, though, is the lowest priority and should be treated as a last resort, so to speak. KEVIN ROCHEecomaine 14 RESPONSIBILITY THE BEST USE OF RECYCLED FIBER PRINTING AND PAPERBOARD WRITINGThe amount of ber available for re-use is largely dened by two factors: recovery rate (i.e., collection) and processing yield (i.e., whats left after the recovered ber is processed for re-use). As this diagram illustrates, dierent paper products are recycled at dierent rates. As a society, we should strive for the highest levels of collection possible.The fiber that is recovered has many potential uses, but as you can see, some appli- cations of recycled ber, such as printing and writing paper, require more processing and have lower yields than other grades such as cardboard and paperboard.Combining recovery rates and processing yields, we see that the example for printing and writing paper has more than double the loss of the paperboard application. 20%not collected4%lost during processing32%not collected27%lost during processing 76%total yield41%total yield 15 HOW MANY TIMES CAN PAPER BE RECYCLED? It is possible to recycle ber an estimated 47 times, but in reality, due to collection rates and process losses, as much as 80% of the ber can be lost after two rounds of collection and processing. Furthermore, the quality of the ber weakens significantly with each round of processing.RECOVERED FIBER Processing by Grade UNDERSTANDING YIELDOnce paper makes its way through the collection and sorting processes, it is then baled and sold to recyclers where it can be made into pulp and ultimately, new paper products. The vast majority of recovered paper is traded through brokers; however, some scrap suppliers (like printing plants) may have direct relation ships with recycling facilitiesand in some areas entrepreneurial groups (e.g., schools or scouts) are establishing collection drives to sell scrap paper to facilities.As the recovered paper gets processed, Processing recycled ber for use in lower-grade paper products is more cost efcient and has less environmental impact than processing the same fiber for use in higher-grade paper products. POST-INDUSTRIAL PAPERThe US EPA encourages a certain percentage of the paper fiber is lost the use of the term Converting and printing scrap, newsstand recov ered ber over along the way. According to Ron Fox of returns and overruns, obsolete inventory, waste to acknowledge that this material is a valuable resource. To be considered recycled it must be repulped. Paper cannot simply be recut or repackaged to count as recovered-content paper. Furthermore, recovered ber does not include forest residues such as sawdust and wood chips from forestry operations.leading boxboard producer Graphic Packaging damaged stock and International, All recovery systems lose yield scrap from papermaking.as they process ber, its wear and tear. You wet it and rework it, and you lose yield the more you process it. He likens it to tires on a car. You dont see it, but theyre wearing all the time. POST-CONSUMER And the more miles you put on, the more you PAPERPaper and paper lose. Fiber is kind of the same thing.products recovered For use in lower-grade products such as from homes, ofces, boxboard containers, recovered ber undergoes retail stores, etc.minimal processing and produces minimal waste. According to Fox, When we reuse the ber, were basically just ltering out the non-brous, extraneous materials like plastics and metal. We keep all the ber and additives. SCRAP PAPER BROKER So when were making containerboard or boxboard, at the lowest our yield is about 90%. Generally we yield about 97%, 98%. The key to this higher yield is to keep the processing to a minimum, says Fox. We dont do too much to the ber. We dont deink it, we dont bleach it, we dont do anything to degrade that ber. On the other end of the spectrum, higher-end products such as writing and printing paper require a much cleaner, purer ber. Cleaning, ltering and processing recovered ber to meet the tough standards of graphic paper requires additional energy and chemicals to raise its quality and separate the ber from materials such as clay and ink. This additional processing also creates more waste. According to Fox, All processing creates waste. When you deink and so on, you create an additional waste stream. Then, as you develop the ber back into usable products, you generate more waste as well. Its not just free.The additional waste can be significant. Deinking facilities that process recovered bers for use in graphic paper routinely report much lower yieldsaround 70%with some studies reporting yields as low as 60%. 16 COATING PACKAGINGMATERIALS NOW YOU FINISHING REELING CALENDERING COATING DRYINGHAVE A NEW PAPERBOARD PACKAGEWATER WATER TRANSPORT PULPING PROCESSING AND PULP SHEET PRESSINGTO INTEGRATED PACKAGING FACILITYSCREENINGCONTAMINANT REMOVALAND FIBER LOSSREFINEMENTFORMINGWATERWATER

AIR AND

WATERDISPERSANTSSURFACTANTS TRANSPORT TO PULP PULPINGSCREENINGCLEANINGDEINKINGWASHING MANUFACTURER CONTAMINANT REMOVALAND FIBER LOSS GLUE REMOVAL AND FIBER LOSS INK SLUDGE REMOVAL AND FIBER LOSSBLEACHING PACKAGINGCHEMICALS TRANSPORT NOW YOU FINISHING DRYING PRESSING BLEACHINGTO PAPER MILLHAVE CLEAN RECYCLED PULPWATERWATER

WATERDYES AND ADDITIVESVIRGIN FIBER AND WATER

RE-PULPING PULP REFINEMENT PROCESSING AND SCREENING FIBER LOSS STOCK BLENDING SHEET FORMINGWATER COATING PRESSING WATERPACKAGINGMATERIALS NOW YOU FINISHING REELING CALENDERING COATING DRYINGHAVE A CLEAN SHEET OF PAPER WATER COATED FREESHEETJust as there are wide variations Glossy magazines, catalogs, direct mail and in paper grades, there are many different types of recycled corporate brochuresfibers derived from different sources. Below is a selection of recovered paper types and common uses.Pulp Substitutes UNCOATED FREESHEET Cut sheets for copier and printer papers as Unprinted shavings, clippings and leftovers of wood-free well as envelopes and billing applicationsCOATED MECHANICALLightweight magazines, catalogs, coupons and inserts PACKAGING CONVERTINGProduct labels, gift-wrap and multiwall bags CONTAINERBOARD papers from mills, print shops and converters. The highest quality recycled ber, often used in place of virgin ber. High-Grade Deinking PaperBleached chemical grade (wood-free) oce papers and coated book stock. Used in high-grade graphic papers and tissues. Mixed PaperBroad category of mail, telephone books, paperboard, specialty grades, magazines, catalogs and all grades not elsewhere specied. Used in paperboard, tissue and construction materials. NewspapersOld newspapers, white blank news, mixed groundwood and coated groundwood. Often used to make recycled newspapers, paperboard and tissue. Old CorrugatedUnbleached and colored kraft Most brown shipping containers including linerboard and corrugated medium papers used in corrugated media and solid linerboard, ber cores, kraft paper and bags. Used to make shipping boxes (corrugated containers) and product packages. UnrecyclableSome products such as tissues and paper towels cannot be recycled for further use in the ber cycle. BOXBOARD Rigid packaging such as frozen foods, cosmetics and pharmaceutical boxes18 THE CONTENT OF COATED PAPERIn coated papers, roughly one-third of the product is comprised of coatings and filler not fiber. So the ber portion must be strong enough to support the sheet through high-speed printing presses as well as folding, the amount of recycled ber that can be added while maintaining strength specications. There are also challenges of achieving brightness and shade characteristics. This is in stark contrast to something like tissue and towel grades that are not subjected PULP SUBSTITUTE Scraps from the papermaking and converting processes at paper mills and print shops binding and everyday use. Because recycled ber is signicantly weaker than virgin ber, there are limitations in to the rigors or quality demands of high-end printing applications.UNCOATED MECHANICALTelephone books, circulars and magazine insertsre-pulping (recycling). There are an additional 28 specialty grades of paper currently tradedmany of which are not considered recyclable by US standards (e.g., wax-coated boxboard and poly-coated cup stock). Much of this ber is either exported or consumed domestically for energy generation. NEWSPRINT Low-cost paper used in newspapers and advertising materials Fiber Physics HOW BEST USE TRICKLES DOWNNot all paper ber is created equal. The quality of virgin ber is determined by its source, pulping process and whether or not bleaching is involved. Mechanical processing tends to be harder on fibersbreaking fiber length and compromising strength. Virgin, kraft and softwood bers are generally the strongest wood-based bers, while bleached hardwood bers provide the right surface, uniformity and opacity for printing and writing grades. Hard- wood and softwood bers are often blended to achieve the right combination of ber properties. However, once virgin ber is used, it will never be the same. The more you use ber, the more it breaks down and the weaker it becomes. How paper is recovered also has a significant impact on quality and suitability. Recovered paper is classified by its source and level of contamination. In fact, the Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries (ISRI) currently denes 47 different grades of paper stock used for A paper products tolerance for a high per- centage of recycled ber increases dramatically as you move into certain paper categories. Cardboard and boxboard, for example, can use almost zero virgin ber and still meet all their performance requirements. According to Johnny Gold of paperboard and packaging manufac- turer Newark Group, We make products that are 100% recycled content, and the rigors of our recycled boxboard versus a virgin boxboard are no dierent in terms of quality and how it stands up to its environment.Ron Fox of boxboard manufacturer Graphic Packaging International also sees this advantage. We can handle all grades and any fiber source when it comes to boxboard and paperboard, says Fox. We can use more of a blend of short and long bers. And in corrugated packaging, you can use all grades in certain quantities.By contrast, the type of ber used in high-end graphics applications is limited to pulp substitutes (primarily from post-industrial sources) and high-grade deinking papers that require significant processing. So while high-quality papers can be used in many subsequent applications, it is not possible to push bers up the quality ladder. Many refer to this as down-cycling.TISSUE/TOWEL Toilet paper, tissues, paper towels 19 DEINKED FIBER PURCHASED Assessing the Life Cycle of Paper3.43CRADLE-TO-GATE CARBON Some consumers focus on purchasing paper with a high FOOTPRINT OF COMMON WOOD PULPS USED IN PAPERMAKING percentage of recycled ber. This drive for recycled content is often based on the false assumption that more recycled (kg CO2 eq/dry kg of pulp)These life cycle estimations illustrate the carbon footprints of different pulp sources. Industry averages are not necessarily representative of specic suppliers and in all cases we recommend seeking out primary data sources. fiber in every product and paper grade is always better for the environment.In reality, there are many other factors involved in the life cycle of paper, and these factors can only be fully understood and quantied by taking a comprehensive Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) approach. LCA accounts for the environmental impact of every step involved in the life of paperthis includes everything from material acquisition and processing to end use and disposal.Sappi uses LCA to determine what applications of recycled ber (and at which levels) can yield the most benet. As it turns out, many Sappi papers that do not contain recycled ber have a signicantly lower carbon footprint than other papers on the market that do contain recycled ber.In 2012, Sappi completed a cradle-to-gate carbon footprint analysis of our Somerset Mill located in Skowhegan, Maine, using the Footprint Estimator for Forest Products (FEFPro) developed by the National Council for Air and Stream Improvement. This is an expansion of earlier reporting which PURCHASED TMP1.65PURCHASED BLEACHED KRAFT0.99 SOMERSET SYNERGY PULP0.77had been limited to our own direct emissions (Scope 1) and emissions associated with purchased electricity (Scope 2). In the cradle-to-gate study, we include Scope 3 carbon emissions associated with material inputs (e.g., roundwood and chips, pulping and bleaching chemicals, coatings and llers) as well as those from purchased pulps. Results of this analysis revealed that our mill generates kraft pulp with a footprint of 0.77 kg of CO2 per dry kilogram of pulp. This is roughly 20% lower than emissions factors provided for purchased bleached kraft, 50% lower than thermo-mechanical pulp (TMP) and 77% lower than purchased deinked ber.In fact, our study of products made at the Somerset Mill showed that adding 10% recycled content increases the products carbon footprint by 16%, compared to the same product made with 100% virgin ber. It is important to note that the emissions data for purchased pulps reported herein are based on best available industry data and are not specic to Sappis suppliers. We will be seeking primary data to further rene this study, but it is clear that substituting deinked recycled ber for Sappi- made pulp increases the carbon footprint of those products. 20 INDUSTRY AVERAGE2.2SAPPI CO2 EMISSIONS WITH AND SUMMARY OF FINDINGSWITHOUT RECYCLED FIBER(kg CO2 eq/kg of paper)Adding recycled ber to papers made at Sappis Somerset and Cloquet facilities actually raises the carbon footprint of those papers. SAPPI COATED PAPER WITH RECYCLED CONTENT1.36 Our analysis revealed that the pulping process in particular is a signicant contributor to the overall carbon footprint of a paper product. Generally speaking, kraft pulping has a lower carbon footprint than mechanical processing and deinking processes due to their greater need for electricity, which usually does not come from renewable sources. The footprint estimations on this page reect emissions associated with every step in the papermaking process from material acquisition all the way through the nished pulp product. For virgin bers, this includes wood procurement and the pulping and bleaching chemicals; for deinking pulps, this includes recovering, sorting and processing waste paper. The analysis also includes the impact of materials (like pigments and binders) used in the nished paper products.SAPPI PRODUCT CONTRIBUTION COATED PAPERCOMPOSITION BY WEIGHTTO CARBON FOOTPRINT 1.17VIRGIN FIBER 42%Recycled ber comprises 6% of the total composition of the product by weight, but it is responsible for 25% of the carbon footprint. 50%

12%NON-SAPPI VIRGIN FIBER10%RECYCLED FIBER6% 25% PIGMENTS30% OTHER4% 13% 8%21 Best Use HOW THE GLOBAL FIBER TRADE AFFECTS USE Beyond the technical and environmental these lower-end applications may not be coming impacts associated with processing recycled ber, the use of recovered paper is greatly impacted by global trade. Companies across the world that specialize in manufacturing consumer and durable goodssuch as many in China and Indianeed fiber to create product packaging, labels and shipping con- tainers. This fiber does not need to be perfectly white and free of contaminants. These are global commodities, says Bill from a responsibly managed forest, thus potentially impacting forest health in those areas. Environmental nongovernmental organ- izations such as the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) now consider virgin ber from well-managed forests to be on par with recycled ber sources. In stating their value system in the manual for their paper scorecard, WWF says: WWFs mission is to safeguard biodiversity as well as to reduce wasteful consumption. New virgin Moore of Moore and Associates, a paper recycling consulting rm. The worlds entire pulp paper and packaging production is now about 55% recycled fiber. So, weve passed the 50% point, and if you go back to about 1990, it would have been in the low 30s. ber will always be needed in paper production as each time ber is recycled it loses quality and thus cannot be recycled indenitely. The new fibers need to be from well-managed forests. Overseas demand continues to grow and create high value for recycled papers. Because ABOUT CERTIFICATION Thats an amazing increase, almost double in just 20 years. we import so many nished goods from overseas, Third-party certication programs provide assurance Producers of packaging for consumer goods that wood-based products oftentimes dont have enough volume of have been procured from recycled ber to meet their needs. When theres well-managed forests and not enough recycled ber available, companies are legally harvested. Sappi turn to using virgin fiber. But as weve seen, currently holds chain-of-custody certications from packaging and other lower-quality paper FSC, SFI and PEFC, the products dont need to use a high percentage leading independent entities of virgin ber in order to meet their perfor- developing standards mance requirements. In other words, using too for forest management.much virgin fiber in lower-quality paper products could in some cases be seen as a waste of virgin ber. Whats more, the virgin ber from certain countries that makes its way into 22 exporting scrap paper takes advantage of available shipping containers that must travel between regions. We do not support policies that would control or restrict fair markets for these products. OTHER2,634)5% WHERE DOES RECYCLED PAPER GO?BOXBOARD(6,046)11%In 2011, 41% of the paper and paperboard recovered in the US went to produce containerboard and boxboard, the materials used for corrugated and folding boxes. Exports (primarily to China) accounted for 42% of the paper recovered in the US. TOTAL RECOVERED FIBER IN 2011NET EXPORTS22,174)52.8 42%MILLION TONS CONTAINERBOARD15,993)30% NEWSPRINT1,836)PAPERNOMICS TISSUEAs countries and economies continue to grow across the world, so too will their need for ( 4,084) 3%recovered ber. For many of these countries and companies, using recycled ber is a business decision, not an environmental decision. 8% 23 2010A RISING DEMAND WORLD RECOVERED Chinese demand for recovered paper increased from 8 million metric tons in 1995 to more than 65 million metric tons in 2010, with an estimated demand of 100 million metric tons by 2020. Thats a projected growth rate of 53.8% over the next decade.PAPER DEMAND(Million tonnes)CHINAOTHER WORLDOTHER ASIAJAPANWESTERN EUROPE NORTH AMERICA 1995 IN PRACTICE SAPPIS ENVIRONMENTAL COMMITMENT Holistic ResponsibilitySEEING THE FOREST THROUGH THE TREESEverything in the world is interconnected. Thats why you cant look at your product or service in a vacuum. At Sappi, we take a holistic view of the paper and printing industry. Our sphere of inuence and impact extends well beyond our mill gatesfrom materials acquisition through manufacturing, use, disposal and reuse of our products. RESPONSIBLE SOURCINGRESPONSIBLE MANUFACTURINGRESPONSIBLE DISTRIBUTIONRESPONSIBLE DISPOSAL of Sappi ?ber is procured in accordance with the SFI Fiber Sourcing Standard as well as the FSC Con- trolled Wood standard. Recycled ber is derived from post consumer waste and is also FSC certied. Sappi does not have a deinking facility in any of its operations. All recycled ber is purchased within North America and is proc- essed chlorine free (PCF). All kraft pulp is elemental chlorine free (ECF) and is either made onsite or purchased within North America. When it comes to respon- sible manufacturing, the source of energy used is just as important as the amount of energy used maybe even more so. Today, more than 80% of Sappis total energy use comes from renewable resources including the energy generated onsite as well as the energy purchased from the grid. Reducing reliance on fossil fuels helps Sappi stabilize energy costs and reduce its carbon footprint. A paper manufacturers responsibility doesnt end when their product is out the door. Sappi has committed to an efcient distribution network by becoming a SmartWay transport partner. SmartWay is a collaboration between the US EPA and private freight carriers focused on reducing carbon emissions and conserving fuel. Life cycle analysis of paper has shown that how a product is disposed of can contribute as much to its carbon footprint as the manufacturing process. Sappi supports outreach and education on the local and national stages for recycling of all paper grades, especially printing and writing paper. 27 1 2 3 45 6 28Sappi eQ Journal : Issue 005 Sappi Mill EortsFINDING WAYS TO REDUCE OUR WASTEAt Sappi, we dont like waste. In fact, we hate waste so much that we take every step possible to reduce, reuse or recycle the materials we use in our facilities. Our rst aim is to reduce consumption of materials whenever possibleeliminating waste in this way drops straight to the bottom line. We recycle a broad range of materials from paper and printer cartridges to batteries, building supplies and outdated information technology. We even recycle used oil and old asphalt. We also engage with our communities to explore the use of alternative fuels. Our Westbrook mill uses construction and demolition wood waste and converts it to energy in a biomass boiler. Our Somerset mill works with a local supplier to convert discarded tires into a fuel source. The use of various waste materials as fuel sources keeps these materials from going to landlls while reducing the need to purchase fossil fuels such as coal and fuel oil. RECOVERY BOILER TIRE-DERIVED FUEL WOOD YARDThe chemical recovery process is a recycling process unto itself designed to recapture and reuse pulping chemicals indefinitely. At the heart of the process, black liquor is burned to create renewable energy used throughout the mill. Scan the QR code to learn more. UNIVERSAL WASTE RECYCLINGA range of different light Used car and truck tires have always been a disposal problem. Tire- derived fuel replaces oil used in power boilers at Sappis Somerset mill.SEPARATING RECYCLABLES Recyclable paper, card- board, wood and metal are separated for recycling in the sorting area at Sappis Somerset Mill.WATER TREATMENT The secondary clarifier is part of an extensive water treatment system at Sappis Somerset mill, involving mechanical and biological treatment stages. The water used in the pulp and Biomass boilers use scrap wood and shavings to provide a renewable source of energy while reducing greenhouse gas emissions and materials sent to landll. LIME MUDBoiler ash and lime mud from the pulping process is shipped to area farms to help farmers enrich their soil and improve crop yields. Scan the QR code to learn more.7 bulbs is collected at Sappi facilities. Pictured at left, uorescent bulbs are packed for recycling. papermak ing processes is treated to protect local receiving waters. Water in paper mills is essentially recycled back to its original source. On average the paper industry returns 89% of water intake while much of the loss is through evaporation in the local ecosystem. 29 CODMAN ACADEMY Founded in 2001, Codman Academy is a college-preparatory charter public school serving at-risk students in Bostons Dorchester neighborhood. Sappi has long been a sponsor of the community-based school, helping sponsor class trips and school-based recycling efforts. Its been a wonderful partnership for us, says Dawn Leaness of Codman Academy. And were so excited that its been around since pretty much the beginning and that each year it continues to grow stronger. Because Sappi had recently moved into a new building and rolled out their improved recycling plan, they were in a really good place to help us do the same thing. They told us about the process that they went through and the systems they set up. We looked at the things they did and how we could apply them in our new building. DAWN LEANESSCODMAN ACADEMY Reaching Our Customers and Our CommunitiesPARTNERSHIPS OF AWARENESS AND CHANGESappi takes responsibility for recycling out - reach and education very seriously. From sponsoring local organizations to participating in national and international industry initiatives, Sappi strives to reach a broad range of stakeholders with a primary focus on customers, employees and local communities. E-WASTE in one instance providing ALTERNATIVES Founded in 2002, e-Waste Alternatives Programs mission is to provide com- puters to historically underserved populations who do not have access to information technology. It has since evolved to become a self-sustaining electronic waste recycling firm that employs people with learning disabilities and mental handicaps. process system analysis that led to a 250% cap- acity increase without the need for physical expansion. Companies like Sappi really get it, says Chris Martin. We are now a totally sustainable social enterprise, and let me tell you, those are rare. The taxpayers arent paying for this. Grant foundations arent paying for this. This now operates Reinvesting a little bit of time in a computer has infinitely more value than that computers precious metals do as scrap, says e-Waste founder Chris Martin. Sappi supports e-Wastes social and environmental mission, on its own.30 RECYCLEMANIA and more. Schools can Sappi is proud to support industry advocacy efforts such as RecycleMania an annual competition among college and univer- sity recycling programs to promote waste reduction. Schools across the US and Canada participate by reporting their trash collection rates over an eight-week period. Categories vary from per capita recycling to total waste reduction view their weekly updated rankings online to track their progress and moti- vate their campus. Winning schools receive a trophy made of (what else?) recycled materials. We think so much about the community and the things that we do and what our employees are doing, because were all part of the communities that we live and work in. The way I look at it, In 2012, Sappi held its rst Sappi Green Community Day a day of fun, food, prizes GREEN COMMUNITY DAYour community is just an and awareness at the Sappi Westbrook Paper Mill. Cost of admission was one extension of the mill environment and our family there. MARTY DUGGANSappi nonperishable food item per person, donated directly to local food pantries for families in need. The event focused on creating awareness and an outlet for items not commonly recycled through curbside programs. Participants were provided the opportunity to recycle condential documents, sneakers, CDs and DVDs, small electronics and eyeglasses. Additional activities ranged from birdhouse building to a bike rodeo structured to teach safe riding skills. Sappis foresters were also on hand sharing information on the importance of responsible forestry. BETTER PRACTICES/BETTER PLANET Working with the American Forest and Paper Association, Sappi helped in the development of Better Practices, Better Planet 2020 an extensive set of quantiable sustainability goals for the paper industry, with a commitment to transparency and progress. The largest sustainability program of its kind for any major US manufacturing industry, Better Practices, Better Planet 2020 sets specic and challenging goals for improving paper recovery and recycling, increasing energy efciency, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and promoting sustainable forestry practices while striving for safer workplaces for employees. 31 TAKE ACTION KNOWLEDGE IS POWERSo how do you become a responsible paper sources for virgin and recycled ber and for the purchaser? The most important thing is to do your homework. Reading this journal is a great rst step. Everyone along the supply chain, including consumers, procurement officers, graphic designers, printers and paper distributors, should educate themselves on where their paper is coming from and what went into sourcing, producing and transporting it. Its impor- tant to note that industry averages performance is rarely representative of individual products or even companies. So call the paper company. Inquire about their mill practices and any certications they might hold. Ask about their 32 environmental performance data of those manufacturing facilities.Just because a given paper incorporates recy- cled ber does not mean that the company that produced it employs sustainable practices. Procurement policies that favor recycled ber over wood ber could discount paper sources with stronger environmental performance and could actually increase your environ- mental impact! Claiming Green, made with recycled content may be deceptive if the environmental costs of using recycled content outweigh the environmental benets of using it. US FTC FTC ISSUES REVISED Reflecting input from GREEN GUIDESIn October of 2012, the US Federal Trade Commis- sion released its revised Guides for the Use of Environmental Marketing Claims, also known as the Green Guides. These revised Guides are intended to protect con- sumers from misleading claims by helping marketers ensure their products environmental claims are truthful and nondeceptive. hundreds of consumers, advocates and busi- nesses, these changes are a win for consumers who want to purchase greener products and producers who want to sell them, says FTC Chairman Jon Leibowitz. But this win- win can only occur if mar- keters claims are truthful and substantiated. The FTCs changes to the Green Guides will level the playing field for honest business people. POST-CONSUMER VS. POST-INDUSTRIAL FIBER You may encounter these terms in the world of recycled paper, and its helpful to understand the differences. POST-CONSUMER RECYCLED FIBER (PCRF) accounts for any material that was once in the hands of a consumer. PCRF includes direct mail pieces, magazines, catalogs, newspapers, cardboard boxes and other paperboard packaging materials that would otherwise be thrown into a landll. POST-INDUSTRIAL FIBER also known as pre-consumer content includes scrap and by-products generated by the manufacturing process of products. These can include printed defects, short rolls, paper trimmings and other materials that would normally not be reused by the manufacturer. RECYCLE! Life cycle analysis has shown that the end of life how a product is disposed of contributes nearly as much to the carbon footprint of a product as the manufacturing process. We try to get the message out for people to check their local recycling instructions by reaching out to their government to see the systems regulations, says Anne Bedarf of the environ- mental nonprofit GreenBlue. Call your local government or look online to learn the recycling breakdown for your area. KNOW PRODUCT CLAIMSAn important product- level distinction is the difference between the claim made with recycled materials and the claim that something is recyclable. The term RECYCLED means a portion of that product was created from something that was pulled from the waste stream, otherwise headed to the landll. For paper, these claims should differentiate between the recycled materials for example, is just the ber recycled or some other component as well? RECYCLABLE means that the product or packaging or specic components of each has the potential to be recycled.With packaging, things can get a little murky. Some recyclable claims dont specify which portions of the package can actually be recycled, hence decreasing the likelihood that it will, in fact, be recycled properly. To address this issue, GreenBlue developed a labeling program called How2Recycle which pairs familiar icons with instructions to help consumers. For example, a package of single-serve yogurt containers might be labeled with three symbols to explain how the different materials paper outer carton, plastic cup and a foil lid can be recycled. Visit how2recycle.info for more information. 33 THE CHASING ARROWS The iconic and internationally recognized recycling symbol was designed in 1970 by then 23-year-old college student Gary Anderson. Anderson submitted his design inspired by the continuity of the Mobius strip in a competition sponsored by a recycled products maker. BECOME AN ADVOCATE CREATIVITY MATTERSFOR YOU TO USE People are more apt to engage in a behavior If any of these recycling logos tickle your fancy, visit sappi.com/eQ to download the digital versions in your preferred language and use them to encourage recycling on your next creative project. after being prompted to do so, so be an advocate for recycling. Push for recycling initiatives at home, in the workplace and in your community. Put a please recycle label, claim or other recycling message in a prominent place on your organizations printed materials. We under- stand that real estate on printed materials is preciousbut so is our planet! Do your part. Get creative with it. A please recycle message doesnt always have to be the ubiquitous chasing arrows logo weve all seen. In fact, it can be any interpretation of the message that you can think of. Whats important is that you do it. This is a fertile opportunity to flex your creative muscles and at the same time engage in real behavioral change that will have a substan- tial impact on the health of the planet.Its important to constantly remind your oce and community about recycling eorts and details. Even people as knowledgeable as Kevin Roche, of the single stream recycler ecomaine, need reminders. Somebody might recycle one thing and then the next year, they forget or they stop recycling another thing, he says. Even in my own household, I have to remind myself and my family about whats recyclable and whats not. That kind of floors me, and Ive been doing this for 25 years. So the reminders have to be there. 35 RECYCLING IS A SOUND ECONOMIC, SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL PRACTICE. Lets all work together to protect our planet from unnecessary waste and pollution. Recycle as much, as often and as responsibly as you can. LEARN MORE eQ ONLINE From this eQ Journal series, to eQ Insights (Sappis white paper series on topical sustainability issues in the paper industry), to the eQ Tool (Sappis interactive sustainability tool), everything eQ is online and in one placeyour trusted source for guidance and thought leadership around environmental responsibility. Youll nd a wealth of fact-based information and tools for making better paper choices. And with our eQ blog, The Environmental Quotient, you can instantly share your thoughts and ideas with your peers to gain new insights and help elevate the eQ of our entire world.Visit sappi.com/eQ 36 Sappi eQ Journal : Issue 005 AcknowledgmentsWe extend our sincere appreciation to the following individuals for providing their insights and comments through personal interviews: Anne Bedarf, Senior Manager Sustainable Packaging Coalition, GreenBlue Ron Fox, Operations Manager Graphic Packaging InternationalJohnny Gold, Senior VP Recovery and Recycling, The Newark GroupDawn Leaness, Director of Development Codman Academy Charter Public School Chris Martin Founder and Program Developer eWaste AlternativesBill Moore, President Moore & AssociatesKevin Roche, General Manager ecomainePHOTOGRAPHYTom Maday, Andy McNeillDESIGN VSA Partners, Inc. Production NotesFRONT COVEROpus Gloss Cover 120lb/325gsm, 4-color process, plus multi-level sculptured emboss and overall satin aqueous.INSIDE FRONT AND BACK COVEROpus Gloss Cover 120lb/325gsm, 4-color process, match cream plus overall satin aqueous. INTERIOR PAGESOpus Dull Text 80lb/118gsm, 4-color process, match cream plus overall satin aqueous. BACK COVEROpus Gloss Cover 120lb/325gsm, 4-color process, plus multi-level sculptured emboss and overall satin aqueous. Reference MaterialsAmerican Forest & Paper Association, Paper Recovery Statistics, updated annually at paperrecyles.org.Environmental Protection Agency, Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States: Facts and Figures for 2010, published November 2011.Federal Trade Commission, Environmental Claims: Summary of the Green Guides. To view the complete Green Guides, information for business and legal resources related to environmental marketing, go to business.ftc.gov.Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries, Scrap Specications Circular 2012, January 2012.Lantz, D., Single stream versus two stream recycling: an examination of costs and recovery rates of current programs in Ontario, Canada, WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, Vol 109, 2008 WIT Press, www.witpress.com, ISSN 1743-3541 (online).Sappi Fine Paper North America, Unpublished results: Somerset Synergy Pulp Carbon Footprint calculated using NCASIs Footprint Estimator for Forest Products (FEFPro) Version 1.3. Carbon footprint results calculated using production data from FY2010. Average emissions factors for purchased pulps found in the Fiber Parameters tab of FEFPro Version 1.3.WWF International, USERS MANUAL: WWF CHECK YOUR PAPER Based on the WWF Paper Scorecard Criteria Version 3.0, November 2010.Zhao, H., Outlook for Global Recovered Paper Markets, Presented at RISI North American Forest Products Conference, Boston, MA, October 2012.National Council for Air and Stream Improvement, Inc. (NCASI) for American Forest and Paper Association and Forest Products Association of Canada, Life Cycle Assessment Of North American Printing and Writing Paper Products, Research Triangle Park, NC, 2010. The names, symbols, logos, and all other intellectual property of the companies, brands, and people appearing herein are the exclusive property of their respective owners and should not be interpreted as an endorsement of or by Sappi; any legal and equitable rights in their intellectual property are exclusively reserved to those owners. Sappi is a trademark of Sappi Limited. OPUS, SOMERSET SYNERGY, and the eQ logo are registered trademarks of Sappi Fine Paper North America. 2013 Sappi Fine Paper North America. All Rights Reserved.This piece was originally printed on Opus Sheets manufactured by Sappi Fine Paper North America with 10% PCRF and SFI Chain of Custody Certication. 100% of the electricity used to manufacture Opus Sheets is Green-e certied renewable energy generated on-site by Sappi. Customers wishing to make claims regarding Green-e should contact the Center for Resource Solutions at www.green-e.org. If you choose not to keep this journal, give it to a friend or place it in a recycling bin. Thank you.