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Asist. Prof. Dr. Kochakorn Direksin Department of Veterinary medicine Faculty of Veterinary medicine Khon Kaen University Asist.Prof. Dr.Kochakorn Direksin, Vet Med, KKU 1

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Page 1: Asist. Prof. Dr. Kochakorn Direksin Department of ... · example: “Dr. Jane’s Beef Dog Food” = meat of 95% ... the ground chuck, you will supply your dog with a diet that contains

Asist. Prof. Dr. Kochakorn Direksin

Department of Veterinary medicine

Faculty of Veterinary medicine

Khon Kaen University

Asist.Prof. Dr.Kochakorn Direksin, Vet Med, KKU 1

Page 2: Asist. Prof. Dr. Kochakorn Direksin Department of ... · example: “Dr. Jane’s Beef Dog Food” = meat of 95% ... the ground chuck, you will supply your dog with a diet that contains

Asist.Prof. Dr.Kochakorn Direksin, Vet Med, KKU 2

Medication

Mind (stress)

Body (immunity)

Page 3: Asist. Prof. Dr. Kochakorn Direksin Department of ... · example: “Dr. Jane’s Beef Dog Food” = meat of 95% ... the ground chuck, you will supply your dog with a diet that contains

Contents Major nutrients for dogs

Reading the product label

Basic energy calculation

Calculation of feed per dog

Details of food ingredients

Special needs of specific diseases

Asist.Prof. Dr.Kochakorn Direksin, Vet Med, KKU 3

Page 4: Asist. Prof. Dr. Kochakorn Direksin Department of ... · example: “Dr. Jane’s Beef Dog Food” = meat of 95% ... the ground chuck, you will supply your dog with a diet that contains

Major nutrient contents in feed

Protein 2-3 parts

Carbohydrate 2 part

Fat 1 part

Fiber

Minerals

Vitamins

Asist.Prof. Dr.Kochakorn Direksin, Vet Med, KKU 4

Page 5: Asist. Prof. Dr. Kochakorn Direksin Department of ... · example: “Dr. Jane’s Beef Dog Food” = meat of 95% ... the ground chuck, you will supply your dog with a diet that contains

…The differences between

dog cat and human ?

Human Dogs Cats

Just because…

Asist.Prof. Dr.Kochakorn Direksin, Vet Med, KKU 5

Page 6: Asist. Prof. Dr. Kochakorn Direksin Department of ... · example: “Dr. Jane’s Beef Dog Food” = meat of 95% ... the ground chuck, you will supply your dog with a diet that contains

Pro

tein

Fa

t

Ca

rbo

hyd

rate

Vit

am

in &

Min

era

l

Fib

er

17

34

25

15

23

15

62

37

53

1 5 5 5

1 2 0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

Human

Cat

Dog

Asist.Prof. Dr.Kochakorn Direksin, Vet Med, KKU 6

Page 7: Asist. Prof. Dr. Kochakorn Direksin Department of ... · example: “Dr. Jane’s Beef Dog Food” = meat of 95% ... the ground chuck, you will supply your dog with a diet that contains

How to select dog food?

1. Food ingredients Commercial Home-cooked

2. Age of dog Young vs. senior Degenerative disease

3. Activity 4. Health status Normal vs. sick

7 Dr.Kochakorn Direksin. Vet.Med. KKU

Page 8: Asist. Prof. Dr. Kochakorn Direksin Department of ... · example: “Dr. Jane’s Beef Dog Food” = meat of 95% ... the ground chuck, you will supply your dog with a diet that contains

Product labels 8 Dr.Kochakorn Direksin. Vet.Med. KKU

Page 9: Asist. Prof. Dr. Kochakorn Direksin Department of ... · example: “Dr. Jane’s Beef Dog Food” = meat of 95% ... the ground chuck, you will supply your dog with a diet that contains

Reading the labels Brand name .... Alpo, Pedigree, etc…. Product name .....Beef chunk Name of the ingredients Beef, chicken, turkey => must be real meat Or by-products example: “Dr. Jane’s Beef Dog Food” = meat of 95% “Dr. Jane’s Beef Dinner Dog Food” = meat of 25%

9 Dr.Kochakorn Direksin. Vet.Med. KKU

Page 10: Asist. Prof. Dr. Kochakorn Direksin Department of ... · example: “Dr. Jane’s Beef Dog Food” = meat of 95% ... the ground chuck, you will supply your dog with a diet that contains

Nutritional Statement ระบวามสารอาหารชนดไหน เทาไร บางชนดอาจมสารอาหารไมครบถวน จะระบ “This product intended for supplemental feeding only” ถาไมไดทดสอบในสตว แตปรงตามคาของสารอาหารในวตถดบ “this food is formulated to meet the nutritional levels established by the AAFCO”

“animal feeding test using AAFCO procedures..” 10 Dr.Kochakorn Direksin. Vet.Med. KKU

Page 11: Asist. Prof. Dr. Kochakorn Direksin Department of ... · example: “Dr. Jane’s Beef Dog Food” = meat of 95% ... the ground chuck, you will supply your dog with a diet that contains

Asist.Prof. Dr.Kochakorn Direksin, Vet Med, KKU 11

Page 12: Asist. Prof. Dr. Kochakorn Direksin Department of ... · example: “Dr. Jane’s Beef Dog Food” = meat of 95% ... the ground chuck, you will supply your dog with a diet that contains

Energy requirement for Basal metabolic rate

to maintain basic physiological functions (including heart beat, respiration and muscle function).

It is usually measured as resting metabolic rate; RER

Thermogenesis

to cope with stress, including changes in environmental temperature

Activity

for movement and exercise

Asist.Prof. Dr.Kochakorn Direksin, Vet Med, KKU 12

Page 13: Asist. Prof. Dr. Kochakorn Direksin Department of ... · example: “Dr. Jane’s Beef Dog Food” = meat of 95% ... the ground chuck, you will supply your dog with a diet that contains

สนขตองการพลงงานเพออะไร?

การด ารงชพMaintenance

ท าใหรางกายอบอน

Heat ท าใหรางกายเยนCooling

เจรญเตบโต Growth

ระบบสบพนธReproduction

ใหนมลกLactation

กจกรรม การออกก าลงPhysical activity

การพกฟนจากปวยRecovery

การยอยอาหารDigestion

Daily Energy Requirements

= DER

13 Dr.Kochakorn Direksin. Vet.Med. KKU

Page 14: Asist. Prof. Dr. Kochakorn Direksin Department of ... · example: “Dr. Jane’s Beef Dog Food” = meat of 95% ... the ground chuck, you will supply your dog with a diet that contains

Energy requirements

Maintenance

Digestion Resting Energy Requirements

= RER

14 Dr.Kochakorn Direksin. Vet.Med. KKU

Page 15: Asist. Prof. Dr. Kochakorn Direksin Department of ... · example: “Dr. Jane’s Beef Dog Food” = meat of 95% ... the ground chuck, you will supply your dog with a diet that contains

Calculating RER and DER

RER = 70 x Bodyweightkg0.75

A rough formula for pets > 2kg

RER = 30 x Bodyweightkg + 70

DER = RER x factor

Factor varies according to life-stage and activity

15 Dr.Kochakorn Direksin. Vet.Med. KKU

Page 16: Asist. Prof. Dr. Kochakorn Direksin Department of ... · example: “Dr. Jane’s Beef Dog Food” = meat of 95% ... the ground chuck, you will supply your dog with a diet that contains

Factors ทใชคณเพอค านวณ DER โตเตมวยตอนแลว = 1.6 x RER โตเตมวยทยงไมตอน = 1.8 x RER สนขทอวนงาย = 1.4 x RER ตองการลดน าหนก = 1.0 x RER ปวยหนก = 1.0 x RER ตองการเพมน าหนก = 1.2-1.4 x RER

16 Dr.Kochakorn Direksin. Vet.Med. KKU

Page 17: Asist. Prof. Dr. Kochakorn Direksin Department of ... · example: “Dr. Jane’s Beef Dog Food” = meat of 95% ... the ground chuck, you will supply your dog with a diet that contains

Factors ทใชคณเพอค านวณ DER

ท างานเบา = 2 x RER ท างานหนกปานกลาง = 3 x RER ท างานหนก = 4-8 x RER สนขทอง 42 วนแรก กนเทากบสนขโตเตมวยทยงไมตอน

17 Dr.Kochakorn Direksin. Vet.Med. KKU

Page 18: Asist. Prof. Dr. Kochakorn Direksin Department of ... · example: “Dr. Jane’s Beef Dog Food” = meat of 95% ... the ground chuck, you will supply your dog with a diet that contains

Factors ทใชคณเพอค านวณ DER ทอง 21 วนสดทาย (วนท 43 ไปจนคลอด) = 3 x RER ใหนมลก = 4-8 x RER ขนอยกบจ านวนลก 1 ตว = 3 x RER 2 ตว = 3.5 x RER 3-4 ตว = 4 x RER 5-6 ตว = 5 x RER 7-8 ตว = 5.5 x RER > 9 ตว = > 6 x RER

18 Dr.Kochakorn Direksin. Vet.Med. KKU

Page 19: Asist. Prof. Dr. Kochakorn Direksin Department of ... · example: “Dr. Jane’s Beef Dog Food” = meat of 95% ... the ground chuck, you will supply your dog with a diet that contains

Example Frank is a ……

3 years old Pug

Intacted male Weight 7 kg.

How much Science Diet™ Canine Adult

Small bite should Frank be fed daily?

19 Dr.Kochakorn Direksin. Vet.Med. KKU

Page 20: Asist. Prof. Dr. Kochakorn Direksin Department of ... · example: “Dr. Jane’s Beef Dog Food” = meat of 95% ... the ground chuck, you will supply your dog with a diet that contains

Frank

1. Look up Frank’s resting energy requirement – RER?

Frank’s RER = (30X7)+70 = 280 kcal/day

2. What is the formula for Frank’s daily energy requirement – DER?

Frank’s DER = 1.8 x RER

3. Now calculate Frank’s DER

Frank’s DER = 504 kcal/day

20 Dr.Kochakorn Direksin. Vet.Med. KKU

Page 21: Asist. Prof. Dr. Kochakorn Direksin Department of ... · example: “Dr. Jane’s Beef Dog Food” = meat of 95% ... the ground chuck, you will supply your dog with a diet that contains

4. How many kcal metabolisable energy is in Science Diet Canine Adult Small Bite?

3705 kcal ME / 1000 g food

Frank

RER = 280 kcal

DER = 504 kcal

5. The amount to feed is (DER / ME per gram of food). How many ME per gram food is there in Small Bite?

3705 kcal / 1000 g food = 3.7 kcal / g food

6. How much Science Diet Canine Adult Small Bite should Frank be fed?

Frank should be fed (504 / 3.7) = 136 g food

Frank

21 Dr.Kochakorn Direksin. Vet.Med. KKU

Page 22: Asist. Prof. Dr. Kochakorn Direksin Department of ... · example: “Dr. Jane’s Beef Dog Food” = meat of 95% ... the ground chuck, you will supply your dog with a diet that contains

Dry weight analysis or dry matter (DM)

100% - moisture = dry matter

A canned food with 78% moisture listed on the guaranteed analysis would have 22% dry matter

100% - 78% = 22% dry matter

22 Dr.Kochakorn Direksin. Vet.Med. KKU

Page 23: Asist. Prof. Dr. Kochakorn Direksin Department of ... · example: “Dr. Jane’s Beef Dog Food” = meat of 95% ... the ground chuck, you will supply your dog with a diet that contains

Product A Net wt = 100 g. Dry matter = 100 – 84.5 = 15.5 g.

23 Dr.Kochakorn Direksin. Vet.Med. KKU

Page 24: Asist. Prof. Dr. Kochakorn Direksin Department of ... · example: “Dr. Jane’s Beef Dog Food” = meat of 95% ... the ground chuck, you will supply your dog with a diet that contains

Product S Net wt = 418 g. Dry matter = 418 x 24 /100 =100.32 g.

24 Dr.Kochakorn Direksin. Vet.Med. KKU

Page 25: Asist. Prof. Dr. Kochakorn Direksin Department of ... · example: “Dr. Jane’s Beef Dog Food” = meat of 95% ... the ground chuck, you will supply your dog with a diet that contains

เปรยบเทยบสารอาหาร และราคาตอหนวย Net

weight Moisture Dry matter Price

100 g. 84.5 g. 15.5 g. 39 บาท

418 g.

100 g. 317 g.

76 g. 100 g.

24 g. 63 บาท 15 บาท

25 Dr.Kochakorn Direksin. Vet.Med. KKU

Page 26: Asist. Prof. Dr. Kochakorn Direksin Department of ... · example: “Dr. Jane’s Beef Dog Food” = meat of 95% ... the ground chuck, you will supply your dog with a diet that contains

Percent nutrient on dry matter basis

Example: Canned food

76% water (max) and 4% protein (min)

100 – 76 = 24% (4 / 24)*100 = 17% (min)

อาหารเมด มน า 10% ถาระบมโปรตน 20% ดงนน มสวนทไมใชน า (dry matter) = 100-10 = 90% มโปรตน 20/90 = 22%

26 Dr.Kochakorn Direksin. Vet.Med. KKU

Page 27: Asist. Prof. Dr. Kochakorn Direksin Department of ... · example: “Dr. Jane’s Beef Dog Food” = meat of 95% ... the ground chuck, you will supply your dog with a diet that contains

Limited protein………..does not mean eliminate

Low sodium…how to do it?

Avoid Phosphorus…where is it in the diet?

Extracted chicken soup (Brand©)….good or not

Asist.Prof. Dr.Kochakorn Direksin, Vet Med, KKU 27

Page 28: Asist. Prof. Dr. Kochakorn Direksin Department of ... · example: “Dr. Jane’s Beef Dog Food” = meat of 95% ... the ground chuck, you will supply your dog with a diet that contains

The Protein Ingredients; Ground Beef Most supermarkets sell 3 grades of ground beef:

ground extra-lean , which is 7% fat

ground chuck which is 34% fat

and regular cheap ground beef which is 46% fat

If use 2/3 to 3/4 of the extra-lean product and the rest the ground chuck, you will supply your dog with a diet that contains meat with adequate fat and no added fat will be needed.

If you are preparing an extra-low fat diet, use only the extra-lean product or leaner.

Asist.Prof. Dr.Kochakorn Direksin, Vet Med, KKU 28

Page 29: Asist. Prof. Dr. Kochakorn Direksin Department of ... · example: “Dr. Jane’s Beef Dog Food” = meat of 95% ... the ground chuck, you will supply your dog with a diet that contains

The Protein Ingredients; Ground Turkey Ground turkey is sold in three grades

1, 7 and 15% fat.

If you are not adding additional fat, use the 93/7 or 85/15 product for dogs and the 85/15 product for cats.

If you are preparing an extra low fat diet for your dog, use the 99/1.

If you are preparing meals for a cat, add some diced dark leg meat for added Taurine.

Asist.Prof. Dr.Kochakorn Direksin, Vet Med, KKU 29

Page 30: Asist. Prof. Dr. Kochakorn Direksin Department of ... · example: “Dr. Jane’s Beef Dog Food” = meat of 95% ... the ground chuck, you will supply your dog with a diet that contains

The Protein Ingredients; Ground Chicken Less fat, high Bioavailable

Ground chicken breast, or skinless chicken breast is about 99% muscle meat and 1% fat.

Ground chicken is about 15% fat.

Use it the same as you would turkey.

If you are cooking for your cat, add some diced dark leg meat, hearts and gizzard for added Taurine.

Asist.Prof. Dr.Kochakorn Direksin, Vet Med, KKU 30

Page 31: Asist. Prof. Dr. Kochakorn Direksin Department of ... · example: “Dr. Jane’s Beef Dog Food” = meat of 95% ... the ground chuck, you will supply your dog with a diet that contains

The Protein Ingredients; fish excellent source of protein and omega-3

fatty acids Beware of toxic chemicals and heavy metal

in fish Marine fish; heavy metals; mercury farm-raised, high levels of antibiotics and dioxin limit fish-containing meals to two days per week

Asist.Prof. Dr.Kochakorn Direksin, Vet Med, KKU 31

Page 32: Asist. Prof. Dr. Kochakorn Direksin Department of ... · example: “Dr. Jane’s Beef Dog Food” = meat of 95% ... the ground chuck, you will supply your dog with a diet that contains

The Protein Ingredients; Egg Whole cooked egg is an excellent source of complete

protein and fat

The biological value (BV) of protein in egg is the international standard (94-100% BV)

The protein in eggs is very high in quality - higher than that of meat, poultry or fish.

most easily digested protein

The protein in eggs is more available to your pet when the eggs are cooked rather than fed raw.

Boil the eggs for 12 minutes

Asist.Prof. Dr.Kochakorn Direksin, Vet Med, KKU 32

Page 33: Asist. Prof. Dr. Kochakorn Direksin Department of ... · example: “Dr. Jane’s Beef Dog Food” = meat of 95% ... the ground chuck, you will supply your dog with a diet that contains

Egg 1 egg = 40-60 g. ;white egg 30-35 g. ;egg yolk 13-20 g. Complete Protein source; Essential Amino Acids Vitamins ;A, D, E, K Minerals Majority; Sulfur, Sodium, Potassium Less; Calcium, Magnesium, Iron

White egg proteins; Avidin, Biotin Avoid raw egg; indigestible and binds to

vitamins and some mineral

Asist.Prof. Dr.Kochakorn Direksin, Vet Med, KKU 33

Page 34: Asist. Prof. Dr. Kochakorn Direksin Department of ... · example: “Dr. Jane’s Beef Dog Food” = meat of 95% ... the ground chuck, you will supply your dog with a diet that contains

Nutritional fact of chicken egg per 100 grams Whole egg Red egg White egg Energy (Kcal) 155 336 51

Protein (g.) 12.8 14.3 10.1

Fat (g.) 10.8 30.1 10.1

Vitamin A (micro g.) - 666 -

Vitamin B2 (mg.) - 0.56 0.39

Calcium (mg.) 38 106 5

Phosphorus (mg.) 230 517 11

Iron (mg.) 3.1 6.3 0.5

Asist.Prof. Dr.Kochakorn Direksin, Vet Med, KKU 34

Page 35: Asist. Prof. Dr. Kochakorn Direksin Department of ... · example: “Dr. Jane’s Beef Dog Food” = meat of 95% ... the ground chuck, you will supply your dog with a diet that contains

The Protein Ingredients; Dairy products excellent source of balanced proteins and calcium

lactose sugar which many adult pets can not digest causing flatulence and diarrhea Goat vs. cow milk???...lactose is the same

also contain a sizable amount of fat Keep track of your pet's weight Use lactose-free skim milk and low-fat dairy products

Dry cottage cheese and farmer's cheese are very low in lactose

live-culture unpasteurized yogurt is good for lactose intolerant dogs

Asist.Prof. Dr.Kochakorn Direksin, Vet Med, KKU 35

Page 36: Asist. Prof. Dr. Kochakorn Direksin Department of ... · example: “Dr. Jane’s Beef Dog Food” = meat of 95% ... the ground chuck, you will supply your dog with a diet that contains

Thai Food Composition Tables. Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, 1999

อาหาร

พลงงาน

(กโลแคลอร)

โปรตน

(กรม)

ไขมน

(กรม)

แคลเซยม

(มลลกรม)

เหลก

(มลลกรม)

ซปไกสกด 1 ขวด (42 มล.) 14 3.2 0 2.5 0.21

ไขไก 1 ฟอง (50 ก.) 78 6.4 5.4 19 1.6

ไขไก 1/2 ฟอง (25 ก.) 39 3.2 2.7 9.5 0.8

นมสดรสจด 1 กลอง (200 มล.) 134 6.6 7.6 226 0.2

นมสดรสจด 100 มล. 67 3.3 3.8 113 0.1

Asist.Prof. Dr.Kochakorn Direksin, Vet Med, KKU 36

Page 37: Asist. Prof. Dr. Kochakorn Direksin Department of ... · example: “Dr. Jane’s Beef Dog Food” = meat of 95% ... the ground chuck, you will supply your dog with a diet that contains

เปรยบเทยบคณคาทางโภชนาการ

Asist.Prof. Dr.Kochakorn Direksin, Vet Med, KKU 37

นตยสารหมอชาวบาน เลมท: 94 เดอน/ป: กมภาพนธ 2530

คณคาทางโภชนาการ ซปไกขวดเลก

42 ซ.ซ.

นมสดยเอชท

(UHT)

42 ซ.ซ.

นมสดยเอชท (UHT)

250 ซ.ซ. (1 กลอง)

ก าลงงาน (กโลแคลอร) 13.4 25.9 154

น า (กรม) 39.2 37.3 222

โปรตน (กรม) 3.4 1.4 8.2

ไขมน (กรม) 0 1.3 8.0

น าตาล (กรม) 0 2.1 12.2

แรธาต (กรม) 0.3 0.4 2.2

แคลเซยม (มลลกรม) 1.4 43.4 258

ฟอสฟอรส (มลลกรม) 30.2 42 248

เหลก (มลลกรม) 0.08 0.04 0.25

โซเดยม (มลลกรม) 37.8 - -

โพแทสเซยม (มลลกรม) 105 - -

วตามนบ 2 (มลลกรม) 0.04 0.06 0.3

ไนอาซน (มลลกรม) 2.1 0.04 0.25

Page 38: Asist. Prof. Dr. Kochakorn Direksin Department of ... · example: “Dr. Jane’s Beef Dog Food” = meat of 95% ... the ground chuck, you will supply your dog with a diet that contains

ซบไกสกด ซปไกสกด 1ขวดรบประทานจะไดรบสารพลงงานเขาสรางกายเพยง 13 กโลแคลอรเทานน

ขณะทบรโภคไขไกจะมสารพลงงานสงถง 2,187 กโลแคลอร

และนมสด 775 กโลแคลอร

สวนโปรตนซปไก 1 ขวดมเพยง 3 กรม หากบรโภคไขไกในจ านวนเงนทเทากนจะไดคณคาสารโปรตนสงถง 176 กรม และนมกลองจะไดคณคาสารโปรตน 42 กรม

Asist.Prof. Dr.Kochakorn Direksin, Vet Med, KKU 38

Page 39: Asist. Prof. Dr. Kochakorn Direksin Department of ... · example: “Dr. Jane’s Beef Dog Food” = meat of 95% ... the ground chuck, you will supply your dog with a diet that contains

The Carbohydrate; Rice Rice is an excellent carbohydrate source

Better than wheat, corn or soy

Rice also contains protein, phosphorus, iron and some calcium

Using brown, unpolished rice preserves more of these important nutrients than highly processed white rice grain

Asist.Prof. Dr.Kochakorn Direksin, Vet Med, KKU 39

Page 40: Asist. Prof. Dr. Kochakorn Direksin Department of ... · example: “Dr. Jane’s Beef Dog Food” = meat of 95% ... the ground chuck, you will supply your dog with a diet that contains

The Carbohydrate; Wheat Products Most dogs and cats have no problems eating

wheat-based products such as pasta and bread. The easiest forms of wheat to deal with are macaroni shells or twists. Pick a size of pasta your pet likes best.

Asist.Prof. Dr.Kochakorn Direksin, Vet Med, KKU 40

Page 41: Asist. Prof. Dr. Kochakorn Direksin Department of ... · example: “Dr. Jane’s Beef Dog Food” = meat of 95% ... the ground chuck, you will supply your dog with a diet that contains

The Carbohydrate; Potato Well-cooked boiled or mashed potatoes are

fine ingredients for dogs and cats.

They are a good source of vitamin B-6, copper, potassium, manganese and dietary fiber

Asist.Prof. Dr.Kochakorn Direksin, Vet Med, KKU 41

Page 42: Asist. Prof. Dr. Kochakorn Direksin Department of ... · example: “Dr. Jane’s Beef Dog Food” = meat of 95% ... the ground chuck, you will supply your dog with a diet that contains

Higher Fiber Carbohydrate Oatmeal

high fiber content ---loose stools

Sweet Peas excellent source of dietary carbohydrate and fiber

Carrots Cooked carrots are fine ingredients

Pumpkin is a great source of fiber Added pumpkin sometimes helps prevent loose stool as

well as constipation Asist.Prof. Dr.Kochakorn Direksin, Vet Med, KKU 42

Page 43: Asist. Prof. Dr. Kochakorn Direksin Department of ... · example: “Dr. Jane’s Beef Dog Food” = meat of 95% ... the ground chuck, you will supply your dog with a diet that contains

The Fat Ingredient home- cooked diet that is 50-60% meat or poultry

with a 10-15% meat fat content

adequate fat for dogs and cats

adding one part fresh chicken fat or beef suet and a small amount of flax seed oil for its omega-6

Too much fat

greasy stool

Obesity

Predispose to pancreatitis.

Asist.Prof. Dr.Kochakorn Direksin, Vet Med, KKU 43

Page 44: Asist. Prof. Dr. Kochakorn Direksin Department of ... · example: “Dr. Jane’s Beef Dog Food” = meat of 95% ... the ground chuck, you will supply your dog with a diet that contains

ผศ.สพ.ญ.ดร.กชกร ดเรกศลป Vet. Med., KKU

Page 45: Asist. Prof. Dr. Kochakorn Direksin Department of ... · example: “Dr. Jane’s Beef Dog Food” = meat of 95% ... the ground chuck, you will supply your dog with a diet that contains

Kidney-Friendly Protein Foods for Keeping Albumin Up A healthy albumin for dog with is > 5.0 g/dL

When intake is too low, or of low quality, albumin decreases and a condition called protein-energy wasting (PEW) occurs

As a result, muscles and fat breaks down to supply essential amino acids needed for the body to work

which can cause weakness, vulnerability to illness…endotoxin

Asist.Prof. Dr.Kochakorn Direksin, Vet Med, KKU 45

Page 46: Asist. Prof. Dr. Kochakorn Direksin Department of ... · example: “Dr. Jane’s Beef Dog Food” = meat of 95% ... the ground chuck, you will supply your dog with a diet that contains

1. Chicken Protein varies from 14 to 28 grams

depending on the size.

It’s recommended to use fresh meat products and avoid pre-made roasted chicken and other processed meats => excess sodium and phosphorus

isn’t good for patients with chronic kidney disease

Asist.Prof. Dr.Kochakorn Direksin, Vet Med, KKU 46

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2. Cottage cheese Compared to milk, yogurt and cheese,

cottage cheese is lower in lactose

Sodium is still a concern, but it’s easy to create a meal low enough

Greek yogurt

Although high in and phosphorus, a cup of Greek yogurt has 22 grams of protein. When

eaten as a meat replacement

Asist.Prof. Dr.Kochakorn Direksin, Vet Med, KKU 47

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3. Egg White egg

are 100 percent albumin, the best quality protein

White eggs are also low in phosphorus

Two egg whites provide 7.2 grams of pure protein

Asist.Prof. Dr.Kochakorn Direksin, Vet Med, KKU 48

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4. Fish Fish is a great protein source

Fatty fish, such as salmon, mackerel and rainbow trout, are high in omega-3

A 3-ounce portion of cooked fish has approximately 15-21 grams of protein

Shrimp is also a great seafood protein choice.

Asist.Prof. Dr.Kochakorn Direksin, Vet Med, KKU 49

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5. Pork chops High-quality protein

good source of iron and thiamine

A 3-ounce cooked chop provides 20 to 26 grams of protein

Asist.Prof. Dr.Kochakorn Direksin, Vet Med, KKU 50

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Kidney diet for dogs Low sodium

Sodium of 0.3-1.5 g/1000 Kcal นไมสงผลตอการท างานของไตในสนข

การกนอาหารทมโซเดยมต ายงเหมาะกบรายทมความดนโลหตสง

Dr.Kochakorn Direksin, Vet Med. KKU

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Kidney diet for dogs ตองการพลงงานเชนเดยวกบสนขทมสขภาพปกต

แตตองจ ากดปรมาณโปรตน จงตองเพมปรมาณไขมนและคารโบไฮเดรตมากขนแทน โดยสดสวนของแหลงพลงงานของอาหารโรคไตวายจะมาจากไขมน 36-40 % คารโบไฮเดรต 44-48 % และโปรตนแคเพยง 12-18 % เทานน

สนขมความตองการโปรตนวนละ 1.33 กรม/กก. Dr.Kochakorn Direksin, Vet Med. KKU

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Kidney diet for dogs อาหารทไมควรใหสนขโรคไตวายกน ไดแก เนอแดงลวน เนอปลาทะเล ไขแดงลวน ตบและเครองใน นมและผลตภณฑจากนม กระดกและน าตมกระดก เครองปรงรสเคม และอาหารส าเรจรปอนๆ ทไมใชสตรส าหรบสตวปวยโรคไตวาย

Dr.Kochakorn Direksin, Vet Med. KKU

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โรคนว มโปรตนต า เนองจากโปรตนเปนสารตงตนของสารท ากอใหเกดนว

โปรตนจะถกเปลยนเปนพวรน (purine) และถกเมตาบอไลทตอไดเปนไฮโปแซนทน จากนนเอนไซมแซนไทนออกซเดรสจะเปลยนไฮโปแซนทนเปนแซนทนและกรดยรค หากไปจบกบแอมโนเนยมโซเดยม กอาจกอใหเกดผลกนวยเรทขนมาได ดงนนเราควรงดใหอาหารทมโปรตนสง เชน เนอสตวปก เครองใน ตบ ไต ฯลฯ

Dr.Kochakorn Direksin, Vet Med. KKU

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Liver disease ควรมความนารบประทาน เพราะหมาปวยมกเบออาหาร เขมขน โปรตนยอยและดดซมงาย มสารอาหารทสมดล ใหพลงงานและสารอาหาร ทชวยรางกายและตบท างานได บ ารงเซลลตบ ชะลอการเสอม

Dr.Kochakorn Direksin, Vet. Med. KKU

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ท าไมตองเตม zinc ในอาหาร? ปองกนการขาดธาตสงกะส ซงมกเกดในรายโรคตบ

Zinc ชวย detoxification of

ammonia in the liver

Zinc also displaces copper to avoid the damaging in accumulation of copper in liver cells

Dr.Kochakorn Direksin, Vet. Med. KKU

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Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 (formerly called

juvenile or insulin-dependent) diabetes

This is analogous to the type that affects virtually all dogs. ***

Dogs can also develop gestational diabetes

Type 2 (formerly adult onset) diabetes

which is the result of insulin resistance often linked to diet and obesity, is the most common form of diabetes in humans.

Most diabetic cats have type 2 diabetes, but there is no evidence that this form occurs in dogs.

ผศ.สพ.ญ.ดร.กชกร ดเรกศลป Vet. Med., KKU

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The Right Diet for Diabetic dog type 2 diabetes…nutrition is essential

low-carb diet are sometimes all the treatment that is needed

type 1 diabetes --no single recommended diet

A prescription diet is not required

If the dog has another illness, feed a diet appropriate for that illness.

Try to feed the same amount of the same type of food at the same time each day, ideally in two meals 12 hours apart.

ผศ.สพ.ญ.ดร.กชกร ดเรกศลป Vet. Med., KKU

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The Right Diet for Diabetic dog Carbohydrates มผลตอระดบอนซลนทจะตองใช

สนขบางตวอาจตองเพม snack ระหวางมออาหาร เพอไมใหน าตาลในเลอดต ามากเกนไป

Fiber and carbohydrates are controversial???

Only a few nutritional studies have been done on dogs with diabetes

Different dogs respond differently to varying amounts of fiber and carbohydrates, and dietary needs vary depending on whether a dog is underweight or overweight, so there is no “best diet” for this disease.

ผศ.สพ.ญ.ดร.กชกร ดเรกศลป Vet. Med., KKU

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Understanding Carbs The glycemic index

กนแปงเขาไป ท าใหมระดบน าตาลในเลอดเทาไร

Low-glycemic foods release glucose slowly and steadily most fruits and vegetables, legumes, some whole grains

Medium-glycemic foods whole wheat products, brown rice, sweet potatoes,

potatoes, sugar (sucrose), and honey

High-glycemic foods white rice, white or wheat bread, and glucose

ผศ.สพ.ญ.ดร.กชกร ดเรกศลป Vet. Med., KKU

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The Fiber Factor Fiber slows gastric emptying and the

digestion of carbohydrates

Diabetic dogs do not necessarily need more fiber than healthy dogs

Dogs with poor glycemic control may benefit from increased fiber, but some diabetic dogs do better with less

ผศ.สพ.ญ.ดร.กชกร ดเรกศลป Vet. Med., KKU

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The Fiber Factor Too much soluble fiber cause diarrhea and gas Gas is most likely to develop when the fiber is

first introduced

Insoluble fiber, such as cellulose and bran, regulates intestinal transit time, speeding it during constipation and slowing it

during diarrhea. increases stool volume, may help with glucose control

ผศ.สพ.ญ.ดร.กชกร ดเรกศลป Vet. Med., KKU

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The Fiber Factor large quantities, insoluble fiber can decrease

the diet’s nutrient value by

binding minerals

weight loss,

a lack of interest in food

poor coat quality, vomiting

voluminous feces

flatulence, diarrhea, and constipation

ผศ.สพ.ญ.ดร.กชกร ดเรกศลป Vet. Med., KKU

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Recommended Supplements for diabetes

L-Carnitine, essential amino acid, role in fatty acid metabolism maintain lean body mass, and protect muscles

from catabolism As little as 50 mg milligrams per kilogram of dry

food

Beef has L-carnitine up to 80 mg/3-ounce Chromium supplements are often recommended for human diabetes, but

don’t seem to benefit a dog’s type 1 diabetes

ผศ.สพ.ญ.ดร.กชกร ดเรกศลป Vet. Med., KKU

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Recommended Supplements for diabetes Zinc จ าเปนส าหรบเบาหวาน แตมากไปเกดพษ

The omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA An appropriate dose might be 300 mg combined EPA and DHA per

20 to 30 pounds of body weight daily

Probiotics and cranberry extract can help to prevent urinary tract infections

D-mannose works the same way as cranberry, by preventing bacteria from adhering to the bladder wall, but it is a sugar and some research has found that it may make blood sugar levels harder to control in humans with diabetes

ผศ.สพ.ญ.ดร.กชกร ดเรกศลป Vet. Med., KKU

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Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)

PUFA of the omega-3 and omega-6 series Anti-inflammation omega-6 arachidonic acid (AA) eicosanoid

mediators ecg. prostaglandin E2 and leukotriene B4

Eicosapentenoic acid (EPA) or omega-3 series

3eicosanoids ไดแก prostaglandin E3 and

leukotriene B5 ซงตานการอกเสบ หรอท าใหการอกเสบเบาบางลงกวา series 2 eicosanoids

ผศ.สพ.ญ.ดร.กชกร ดเรกศลป Khon Kaen University

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Cancer; Carcinogens Carcinogen คอสารเคมทท าใหเกดมะเรง เรงการเจรญของมะเรง และท าใหมะเรงรนแรงยงขน

Carcinogens cause damage to healthy cell DNA

ตวอยางสารกอมะเรงทเราคนเคย ไดแก asbestos (เยอหนทนไฟ), tobacco smoke, and certain

pesticides

Carcinogens พบไดทวไปทงในอาหาร น า อากาศ และดน

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cancer cell DNA is not stable บางคนอาจคดวาเปนโรคมะเรงแลว ท าไมตองยงยากเปลยนอาหารดวยนะ

มการวจยทแสดงใหเหนวา DNA ของเซลลมะเรงไมเสถยร และเปลยนแปลงไปมาไดตลอดเวลา

ท าใหมะเรงลกลาม หรอรนแรงยงขนไปอก เชน จากเนองอกธรรมดา กลายเปนเนอราย และรายมากยงๆขนไปอก

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Commercial Dog Foods and Cancer-Causing; Carcinogens

สารกอมะเรงปนเปอนในอาหารส าเรจรปไดอยางไร

สารทต งใจใส เชน สารกนบด หรอปนเปอนมากบวตถดบอาหารสตว อยางเชน ไนเตรต-ไนไตรต และethoxyquin

สารอาหารทเกดการเปลยนแปลง เปนสารกอมะเรงเมอโดนความรอน จากกระบวนการผลด หรออดเมด

Page 70: Asist. Prof. Dr. Kochakorn Direksin Department of ... · example: “Dr. Jane’s Beef Dog Food” = meat of 95% ... the ground chuck, you will supply your dog with a diet that contains

Dry Dog Food and High Temperature Processing

meat or fish, fat, grains ผานความรอนสง และแรงกดอดใหเปนเมด โปรตน จะเปลยนเปนสารเคมทเรยกวา heterocyclic amines, which are known to be extremely potent carcinogens

อาหารจ าพวกแปง เชน ขาวโพด ซงพบมากในอาหารสตว เมอโดนความรอนสง จะเปลยนเปน acrylamide This

carcinogen has recently become the subject of intense study

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Dog Cancer Diet Guidelines

Cooked liver แนะน าใหสนขทเปนมะเรง กนตบเปนอาหารทกมอ เพราะเปนแหลงของไขมนชนด ตบลวก ควรหนเปนชนเลกๆ กอน เชน ตบวว ปรงแบบจมจม ขางในยงมสแดง แต ตบไก ตบหม ควรปรงใหสกๆ

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Krill Oil

Krill เปนตวคลายๆกบกง แตมขนาดเลกกวากง

เปนสตวทะเลตวเลกๆในตระกล Euphausiidae เปนอาหารของวาฬ

krill are near the bottom of the food chain

แต Fish higher on the food chain live longer and

tend to accumulate heavy metals like lead in their fatty tissue

Some of these metals are carcinogens

Pre0causion: allergic reactions to shellfish

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Krill oil Krill oil typically comes in 1,000 mg soft gel

capsules

dosages recommend for a dog on the Full Spectrum Dog Cancer Diet:

Up to 10 pounds: 1,000-2,000 mg daily

Dogs 10.1 - 35 pounds: 3,000-4,000 mg daily

Dogs 35.1-60 pounds: 6,000-9,000 mg daily

Over 60.1 pounds: 10,000-12,000 mg daily

Alternate the use of krill and fish oil every month

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Fish oil น ามนปลา มโอเมกา3 รองลงมาจาก Krill oil และราคาถกกวา assume each 1,000 mg soft gel contains

about 180 mg of EPA and 120 mg of DHA. Up to 10 pounds: 1,000-2,000 mg daily Dogs 10.1 - 35 pounds: 3,000-4,000 mg daily Dogs 35.1-60 pounds: 6,000-9,000 mg daily Over 60.1 pounds: 10,000-12,000 mg daily

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Cancer : Food Rich in Calcium แคลเซยม ส าคญตอการท างานของรางกาย การเจรญเตบโตของกระดกและฟน มผลตอ การท างานของกลามเนอ การแขงตวของเลอด การท างานของหวใจ การสอสารระหวางเซลล และการสงประสาท สนข จ าเปนตองไดรบแคลเซยมจากอาหาร เพราะสงเคราะหไมได

แหลงแคลเซยมชนดคอ cottage cheese, chicken or turkey necks,

and oyster shell calcium tablets

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อาหารส าหรบสนขทเปนโรคหวใจ

1. Salt (Sodium) Restriction ควบคมปรมาณเกลอหรอความเคม

Sod. In diet Sod. In blood water retention in the blood

ปรมาตรเลอดเพม ความดนสง หวใจโต (Cardiac

Enlargement) Dr.Kochakorn Direksin, Vet.Med., KKU

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Sodium Restriction Guidelines No signs of heart disease: mild restriction

o <100 mg/100 kcal or 0.35-0.50% DM

Early Heart failure, moderate restriction

o <80 mg/100 kcal or 0.1-0.35% DM

Advanced heart failure, severe restriction

o <50 mg/100 kcal or < 0.1% DM

Note: high sodium diets or treats are those that contain > 0.5% DM

Dr.Kochakorn Direksin, Vet.Med., KKU

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อาหารส าหรบสนขทเปนโรคหวใจ

2. Potassium and Magnesium

ยาขบน า Furosemide ท าใหขบ K, Mg ออกมาก การขาดจะท าใหหวใจเตนผดจงหวะInadequate of potassium and magnesium heart arrhythmias and weaker heart muscle contractions decrease blood flow to organs

Dr.Kochakorn Direksin, Vet.Med., KKU

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อาหารส าหรบสนขทเปนโรคหวใจ 3. Taurine supplementation การขาด Taurine ในแมวพบวาเกดโรคหวใจได

ในสนขพนธ cocker spaniel, Newfoundland, Portuguese water dogs and Golden Retrievers shown association with dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM) and taurine deficiency

สนขทเปนโรคหวใจควรหลกเลยง: low protein, lamb meal, rice diets, vegetarian diets and high fiber diets are taurine deficient should avoid in DCM cases

Dr.Kochakorn Direksin, Vet.Med., KKU

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Taurine

Taurine is now a requirement of the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) and any dry or wet food product labeled approved by the AAFCO should have a minimum of 0.1% taurine in dry food and 0.2% in wet food

Dr.Kochakorn Direksin, Vet.Med., KKU

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4. EPA and DHA Fatty acids

Omega-3 fatty acids ลดการอกเสบ ตานอนมลอสระ ลดการเสอมของเนอเยอ

EPA (eicosapenaenoic acid)

DHA (docosahexaenoic acid)

หลงจากให น ามนเปลว พบวา ลด arrhythmias > 70% ทงในคนและสนข

Boxer also give a positive signs Dr.Kochakorn Direksin, Vet.Med., KKU

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5. เสรม Vit C, vit B, and Vit E

In congestive heart failure, heart cell damage เกดจากความเสอมของเซลล เพราะ “free radicals” Thiamine deficiency is known to be a cause of

cardiomyopathy in people ในสนขไมชด

Dr.Kochakorn Direksin, Vet.Med., KKU

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6. Arginine Arginine is an essential aa. react with O2

produce Nitric oxide

Nitric oxide คลายกลามเนอเรยบของหลอดเลอด และชวยลดความดนเลอด

CHF in human: low level of nitric oxide in vascular, exercise intolerance and decrease quality of life due to vascular dysfunction

Arginine : improves vascular function

Dr.Kochakorn Direksin, Vet.Med., KKU

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Arginine Animal sources:

dairy products (e.g., cottage cheese, ricotta, milk, yogurt, whey protein drinks), beef, pork (e.g., bacon, ham), gelatin , poultry (e.g. chicken and turkey light meat), wild game (e.g. pheasant, quail), seafood (e.g., halibut, lobster, salmon, shrimp, snails, tuna)

Plant sources wheat germ and flour, buckwheat, granola, oatmeal,

peanuts, nuts (coconut, pecans, cashews, walnuts, almonds, Brazil nuts, hazelnuts, peanuts), seeds (pumpkin, sesame, sunflower), chickpeas, cooked soybeans

Dr.Kochakorn Direksin, Vet.Med., KKU

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7. L-Carnitine

Vitamin-like chemical synthesized in cell from amino acids, lysine and methionine

L-carnitine aids energy production in the cell esp. muscle cells of heart

L-carnitine deficiency associated with HD in humans and dogs

ไดผลดในสนขทหวใจโต 2 grams mixed with food 3 times/day

Dr.Kochakorn Direksin, Vet.Med., KKU

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L-Carnitine L-Carnitine is concentrated in the skeletal

and cardiac muscle and is critical for fatty acid metabolism and energy production.

Carnitine deficiency is associated with primary myocardial disease in a number of species, including a family of Boxer dogs

Dr.Kochakorn Direksin, Vet.Med., KKU

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8. Coenzyme Q10 Coenzyme Q10 is an antioxidant

CHF case may help to aid heart cell strength and prevent oxidative cell damage

Need more study

Dr.Kochakorn Direksin, Vet.Med., KKU

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Coenzyme Q10 Coenzyme Q10, like carnitine, is a co-factor in a

number of reactions required for energy production and is also a potent antioxidant.

Coenzyme Q10 current recommended dosage is 30 mg PO BID although up to 90 mg PO BID has been recommended

for large dogs.

It is unclear whether the benefits of supplementation are due to the correction of a deficiency or to pharmacological effects

Dr.Kochakorn Direksin, Vet.Med., KKU

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Antioxidant Anti-inflammation

Slow down degenerative process of the organs

Vitamin, pre-form of vitamins

C, B, E

Co-enzyme Q10

Selenium

EPA and DHA Fatty acids

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Thank you for your attention

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