asian studies cultural geography and regional examinations
TRANSCRIPT
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Asian StudiesCultural Geography and Regional
Examinations
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ASIA
3 parts of Asia-South Asia (India), SE Asia (Vietnam, Thailand), East Asia (Japan, China)
Most people live in urban areas, river valleys and on coastal plains
The population is not evenly distributed
Farming-main job for people
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South Asia Because of the Western Ghats Mts.
block the monsoon winds, the interior of the subcontinent of India has a hot and dry climate
Heavy rains in S. Asia are due to the monsoons that pick up moisture in the warm Indian Ocean
Many south Asians move to cities because of lack of farm land
Challenge for South Asia-growing enough food for their people
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India/Pakistan India- 2nd most populated country in
the world, largest democracy Britain controlled until 1947: they
pulled out and it was divided, Pakistan came from this (Muslims moved to Pakistan, Hindus-India) {Kashmir: Arms Race}
1971-War with Pakistan resulted in the creation of Bangladesh
Recent Issues include terrorism, religion and foreign affairs
Poverty and illiteracy are still major issues
Power outages and poor public services
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India’s Progress Life expectancy has
grown (pro?)fertility tare dropped
Social mobility and opportunity
Computer tech center (outsourcing)
Economic growth
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More on India/Pakistan Hinduism and Islam
have the most followers in the area
Hinduism- polytheistic & belief in reincarnation
Caste System- social classes in Hindu India, broken down into 4 classes, only way to move up is to die
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China The world’s most populous country (1
billion) Most people live in the East China main energy source- coal Three Gorges Dam in China on Yangtze
River controls flooding and supplies power (world’s biggest dam)
1 Of 4 Communist countries in Asia (N. Korea, Vietnam, Laos)
3 major products in China-rice, tea, silk
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Japan
Asia’s major economic leader Mostly one ethnic group Isolated for most of its history, Japan
became an imperial power in the early 20th century
Shintoism-main religion in Japan Only 13% of Japan’s land is suitable
for farming because of steep mountains (they don’t have a lot of resources)
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Korea Korea is separated by a
DMZ (demilitarized zone- it divides Communist North & Non- Communist South)
Korea is also mostly one ethnic group
South Korea is highly industrialized; North Korea is not
North Korea is in the process, again, of possible nuclear missile tests, against UN policy
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South Korea
Strong capitalist economy, ally to US
Manufacturing and services
Rely heavily on overseas borrowing- danger of global crisis
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East Asia
Singapore & Taiwan- newly industrialized island countries off of the coast of Asia (China still thinks that Taiwan is theirs)
Asia’s hope for the future- untapped energy resources
Terracing-stair step farming basic food-rice, loess-yellow soil Fishing- job of many who live near
water
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Some Asian Religious Facts Homeland for Buddhists-
Tibet Dalai Lama-spiritual
leader for Buddhists Ganges- holy river for
Hindus Philippines-mostly
Christian Pakistan, Indonesia, and
Bangladesh- Mostly Muslim
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Final Facts
Sri Lanka- island nation off of the coast of India (Tsunami hit the hardest there)
Ring of Fire- chain of volcanoes that line the Pacific Rim (Mt. Fuji in Japan is one)
Many people in SE Asia purchase food at floating markets
Myanmar, Vietnam & Cambodia have oil reserves
Two more facts about China- Beijing is the capital & the Great Wall was built to keep out invaders
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Religion in Asia
A. Buddhism
B. Hinduism
C. Confucianism
D. Taoism
E. Shintoism
F. Islam
G. Christianity
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Hinduism One of the oldest religions, traced back to 2500 -
3000 B.C. or earlier. Hinduism is an ethnic religion because it appeals
mainly to people in India, most Hindus live in India.
Does not have one founder, based on teachings
of holy men and revealed truths over a long
period of time.
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Hinduism (Basic Beliefs)
A. Brahman (supreme spirit) can take many forms. Hinduism is considered by some to be polytheistic.
B. Atman - The soul of a person.C. KarmaD. ReincarnationE. Moksha - The ultimate goal of life is the union
of atman and Brahman.
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Hinduism (Basic Beliefs) The caste system, social structure in India connected with Hinduism. Basically you are born
into a certain ‘level’ of society. The castes are:A. Brahmins - Teachers/PriestsB. Kshastriyas - SoldiersC. Vaishyas - Skilled WorkersD. Shudras - Manual WorkersE. Dalits - People outside the caste system;
“untouchables”
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Hinduism: Caste System
Led to discrimination in India
Has been outlawed, but some people still believe in and practice it.
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Buddhism
Buddhism, shares many of the basic beliefs as Hinduism, similar to the relationship between Christianity and Judaism.
Buddhism was founded by Siddhartha, born around 500 - 400 B.C. in Nepal.
Quickly spread to other parts of Asia
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Buddhism (Basic Beliefs)
The four noble truths:
A. Life is suffering
B. Suffering is caused by want or desire
C. There is a way to end suffering
D. The way to end suffering is the eightfold path
Buddhists believe in karma and reincarnation
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Buddhism
Buddhism is a major religion in Southeast Asia and is practiced in China, Korea, and Japan. Countries that are predominantly Buddhist are:
A. Thailand
B. Laos
C. Cambodia
D. Myanmar
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Spread of Buddhism into Southeast Asia
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Taosim
Taosim is a religion or philosophy that began in China around 500 - 400 B.C.
Tradition says that Taoism is based on the teachings of Laozi.
The Tao Te Ching is a collection of Laozi’s teachings.
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Taoism
The Tao, called “the Great Mother” is empty yet inexhaustible, giving birth
to infinite worlds.
It is always present within you.
You can use it any way you want.
Yin Yang Symbol
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Confuciansim
A philosophy that began in China around 500 - 400 B.C.
Based on the teachings of Confucius. Emphasizes respect for elders and
education.
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Shintoism A native religion of Japan. Shintos worship kami (spirits). Sometimes kami live in specific places such
as rivers, mountains, and lakes Sometimes they are major natural objects,
sun or moon.
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Small Shinto Shrine
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Torii
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Tanuki - A Japanese Racoon Spirit
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Tanuki Road Sign
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Islam
Started in Saudi Arabia around 600 A.D. Spread into parts of South, Southeast, and
East Asia. Countries predominantly Muslim:
A. Pakistan
B. Bangladesh
C. Indonesia
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Christianity Brought to Asia by Europeans colonizers The Philippines is predominantly Roman
Catholic, many Catholics in Vietnam and East Timor.
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Some Conflicts India and Pakistan both claim a region called the
Kashmir. Part of the problem is based on religion. Pakistan is a Muslim country and India is Hindu.
East Timor is a small country in Southeast Asia, created in 2002. It was part of Indonesia but most people in East Timor are Catholic. This conflict
is based on cultural differences.
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SOUTHEAST ASIA
E. J. PALKA
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MAJOR GEOGRAPHIC QUALITIES
A FRAGMENTED REALM OF NUMEROUS ISLAND COUNTRIES AND PENINSULAS
PHYSIOGRAPHY DOMINATED BY HIGH RELIEF, CRUSTAL INSTABILITY, AND TROPICAL CLIMATES
POLITICAL INSTABILITY AND CONFLICT CLUSTERED POPULATION PATTERNS CULTURAL FRAGMENTATION (COMPLEX
ETHNIC, LINGUISTIC, AND RELIGIOUS PATTERNS)
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SOUTHEASTASIA
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ETHNICITY
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COLONIAL SPHERES IN
SOUTHEAST ASIA
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POLITICAL GEOGRAPHY
STATE TERRITORIAL MORPHOLOGY– COMPACT- CAMBODIA– PROTRUDED (EXTENDED)- THAILAND– ELONGATED (ATTENUATED)-
VIETNAM– FRAGMENTED- PHILIPPINES– PERFORATED- SOUTH AFRICA
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SHAPES OF
STATES
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REGIONS OF THE REALM
Mainland Region– Vietnam (previously North & South Vietnam)– Cambodia (previously French Indo-China)– Laos (previously French Indo-China)– Thailand (previously Siam)– Myanmar (previously Burma)
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VIETNAM
French colony with 83.5 mill pop Not a homogenous colony Divided into three units Issues/Concerns
– Population (83.5 million) has doubled since the end of war in 1975
– New strategy- retain communist political system but pursue market economics
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KINGDOM OF CAMBODIA
Population of 13.7 million Phnom Penh (1.3 million) capital A victim of wars and insurgencies Culturally homogenous (85%) Khmer Rouge (communist) Drove people from urban to rural
areas Vietnam invaded in 1978 UN sponsored elections 1993
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LAOS A former French colony,
Independence 1949 Lao People’s Democratic Republic
(1975) Communist government Landlocked, Rural-based pop. Little infrastructure and industry The realm’s poorest country Population of 6.1 million, 19%
urbanized Undeveloped with no railroads,
little industry, and few roads
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KINGDOM OF THAILAND
Only country in the realm that was not colonized.
Self-Westernized. (See movie, “Anna and the King”, based on a true story)
Economic growth– Although some of it stifled
by mismanagement Bangkok (Venice of Asia) Problems
– Influx of refugees– Drugs
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THAILAND
Population of 64.7 million, slowest growth
rate in the realm Per capita GNI (GDP-taxes) is higher than
Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos, and Myanmar combined
Bangkok- capital city of 6.8 million Economic success
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E. J. PALKA
E. J. PALKA
E. J. PALKA
THAILAND
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MYANMAR (BURMA)
One of world’s poorest countries
Independence: 1948 Military government
(1962) Ethnic diversity
– Burman 55%– Karen 10%– Shan 7%
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MYANMAR
A former British colony - Burma, became independent in 1948
Population of 51.5 million, 84 % literate, and culturally diverse
Agricultural potential is good; varied soil and environmental conditions; self-sufficient in rice
World’s leading producer of opium poppies
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INSULAR SOUTHEAST ASIA
A sub-realm of peninsulas and islands Southeast Asia’s southern and eastern periphery Comprised of 6 States, all have colonial histories
– Malaysia
– Indonesia
– Philippines
– Singapore
– Brunei
– East Timor
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MALAYSIA
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MALAYSIA
Former British colony Malaysia came into being in 1963 Population of 26.7 million with strong adherence to
Islam Rapidly growing economy, with the 3rd highest GNI in
the realm
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SINGAPORE
A city-state Seceded from Malaysia in 1965 Population of 4.3 million (77% are Chinese, 14%
Malay, 8% South Asian) Per capita GNI: $24,180 (very high!)
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INDONESIA
I N D O N E S I A
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INDONESIA
Fragmented state, more than 17,000 islands Dutch colonial creation Population of 225.8 million Largest Muslim population in the world
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EAST TIMOR
Former Portuguese colony Annexed by Indonesia in 1976 Became an independent state in 2002 Population of 800,000 Oil and gas reserves
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BRUNEI
BRUNEI
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Brunei
An anomaly in Southeast Asia - an oil exporting Islamic Sultanate– Gained independence from Britain in 1984
410,000 people Oil discovered in 1929, natural gas in 1965
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PHILIPPINES Republic of the
Philippines (1946) Insurgencies
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PHILIPPINES
>7,000 islands, most are < 1 sq mile Former Spanish colony for 300+ years; U.S. possession
(1898-1946) 87.1 million people; 81% catholic Agricultural economy Manila: Capital city
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E. J. PALKA
E. J. PALKA
PHILIPPINES