Minnesota First Detectors

Asian Longhorned Beetle (ALB)

D. Duerr, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org

PDCNR, Bugwood.com

Minnesota First Detectors

Outline

Impacts

Distribution, status

Biology, identification, and symptoms

PDCNR, Bugwood.com

Minnesota First Detectors

Urban Impacts

Attacks multiple tree species Predicted worst-case losses

to U.S. urban forests: 30.3% tree mortality

(1.2 billion trees) $669 billion

Thousands of trees removed during eradication efforts

PDCNR, Bugwood.com

Dennis Haugen, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org

Minnesota First Detectors

Minnesota Hosts

Host Preference Genus Common name

Preferred Acer Maple, boxelder

Aesculus Horsechestnut, buckeye

Salix Willow

Ulmus Elm

Betula Birch

Occasional to rare Fraxinus Ash

Populus Poplar

Sorbus Mountain ash

PDCNR, Bugwood.com

Minnesota First Detectors

DistributionPDCNR, Bugwood.com

Native to eastern Asia

Minnesota First Detectors

Warehouse DetectionsPDCNR, Bugwood.com

Minnesota First Detectors

U.S. InfestationsPDCNR, Bugwood.com

Most new infestations due to foreign introductions, not domestic spread

Minnesota First Detectors

New York and New JerseyPDCNR, Bugwood.com

NJ detection – 2002; declared eradication in March, 2013 NY detection – 1996; eradication in some areas, but new

detection on Long Island in September, 2013 Hurricane Sandy prompted education about moving

firewood

Minnesota First Detectors

ChicagoPDCNR, Bugwood.com

More than 1700 infested trees found over 6 years Last infested tree found in 2003 92,000 trees treated that year Declared eradicated in 2008 Schools teach “Beetle Buster” curriculum

Thomas B. Denholm, New Jersey Department of Agriculture, Bugwood.org

Minnesota First Detectors

TorontoPDCNR, Bugwood.com

Discovered in 2003 Announced

eradicated in April, 2013

Discovered again October, 2013

Thomas B. Denholm, New Jersey Department of Agriculture, Bugwood.org

Minnesota First Detectors

MassachusettsPDCNR, Bugwood.com

Worcester, 2008 Potential to cause $41 billion

in losses (lumber, maple syrup and tourism industries) on East Coast alone

Between 2009-2012, eradication efforts cost $114,546,000; efforts continue

Michael T. S

mith, B

ugwood.org

Minnesota First Detectors

OhioPDCNR, Bugwood.com

Had been found there before, in warehouses

Discovered in 2011 by a vineyard owner

Led to 9,300 infested trees Infested tree removal is on-

going

Michael B

ohne, Bugw

ood.org

Minnesota First Detectors

Adult Beetle Identification

Body ¾ to 1 ½ " long Glossy black with white

spots (also called starry sky beetle)

Very long, banded antennae

Feet and legs bluish

PDCNR, Bugwood.com

Michael Bohne, Forest Service

Minnesota First Detectors

Adult Beetle IdentificationPDCNR, Bugwood.com

Michael Bohne, Bugwood.org

Female Male

Minnesota First Detectors

Look-alikes*PDCNR, Bugwood.com

White-spotted sawyer

Michael Bohne, USDA Forest Service

No white spot

*Size not to scale

Minnesota First Detectors

Adult Feeding DamagePDCNR, Bugwood.com

Dean Morewood, Health Canada

Pennsylvania Department of Conservation and Natural

Resources – Forestry Archive

Adult “maturation feeding” required for 1-2 weeks before egg-laying begins

Minnesota First Detectors

Eggs

35-90 eggs laid singly in niches chewed by female

Hatch in 10-15 days

PDCNR, Bugwood.com

Dennis Haugen, USDA Forest Service

Minnesota First Detectors

Egg NichesPDCNR, Bugwood.com

Michael Bohne, USDA Forest ServiceKenneth R Law, USDA APHIS PPQ

Range in appearance from slits to oval

Minnesota First Detectors

Egg NichesPDCNR, Bugwood.com

Kenneth R Law, USDA APHIS PPQ

Mandible marks around outside of niche

Minnesota First Detectors

Egg NichesPDCNR, Bugwood.com

Sap running from egg niche wounds

Michael Bohne, USDA Forest Service

Minnesota First Detectors

LarvaePDCNR, Bugwood.com

Steven Katovich, USDA Forest Service

• Feed beneath bark initially; tunnel into heartwood when larger