ASIAN INDEPENDENCEPost World War II

INDIA

INDIAN HISTORY

• India is one of the 4 oldest civilizations in history.

• Home of Hinduism & Buddhism– Belief in Reincarnation

• Hindu Caste System: reward or punishment for previous life– Untouchables—people

without caste

MUSLIM CONQUEST OF INDIA

• Introduced Islam to India– Shah Jahan Build Taj

Mahal

• Hindu population were sometimes discriminated against

• Sikhs combined religious ideas from Hinduism and Islam

BRITISH IMPERIAL INDIA

• 1750’s British East India Trading Company

• 1857 Sepoy Mutiny• 1886 Indian National

Congress began fight for Indian Independence

MOHANDAS K. GANDHI• 1869-1948• 1893-1915 fought

passport system in South Africa

• 1930 Salt March• 1947 India became

independent

“Live simply so that others can simply live.”

INDIA & PAKISTAN

NEHRU JINNAH• Prime Minister 1947-

1964• Modernized

India• Equality for

women & untouchables

• Died 1 year after Pakistan became independent

PROBLEMS FACING MODERN INDIA• Overpopulation:

Birth Control• Green Revolution

tripled food production

• Religious conflict: Hindus, Muslims, Sikhs

• Political Assassination

BANGLADESH• East Pakistan not treated

equal• 1971 independent from

Pakistan• Modern secularism• Monsoon Flooding

PROBLEMS FACING PAKISTAN• Benazir Bhutto

elected 1988, assassinated 2007

• Growing threat of Islamic extremists including Taliban & Al Qaeda

• Pakistan Nuclear Weapons Program

SWAT VALLEY

• .

• .

MYANMAR• Military

dictatorship• Aung San Suu Kyi• Non-violent civil

disobedience• Won Noble Peace

Prize• Under house

arrest for last 14 years

CHINA.

ROAD TO REVOLUTION

• 1911 Dr. Sun Yat-sen overthrew Emperor

• Civil War between Fascist Jiang Kai-shek

• & Communist Mao Zedong

COMMUNIST REVOLUTION• 1949• Mao Zedong Communist dictator of China• Government ownership of all farms & businesses

CULTURAL REVOLUTION

• Teenage Red Guard used to attack anyone resisting change

• Civil Unrest

CHINA ABANDONED COMMUNISM

• Deng Xiaoping adopts Capitalism

• Communist Party still controlled Government

• 1989: Tiananmen Square student protest

ARAB ISRAELI CONFLICT

ISRAEL, 1949

PALESTINIAN REFUGEES

Gamal Abdul Nasser

President of Egypt

SUEZ CRISIS - 1956• Nasser began modern

Islamic & Arab Nationalism

Six-Day War (1967)• Israel gained– West Bank (Jordan)– Golan Heights

(Syria)– Sinai (Egypt)

Palestine Liberation Organization

•Yassir Arafat fought for a nation for Palestinians within the nation of Israel

• Peace between Israel & Egypt

Camp David Accords (1979)

President President Prime MinisterAnwar Sadat Jimmy Carter Menachem Begin of Egypt of the U. S. Of Israel

• Uprising within Israel

Palestinian Intifada (1987-1993)

• Can the Palestinians & Israelis live in peace?

GROUP INSTRUCTIONS

• Take turns reading the timeline aloud.• Mark each date as –P (Palestinians are to blame)

or –I (Israelis are to blame); or B for both or N for neither.

• Decide who you think is most to blame in the conflict—the Arabs or Israelis.

• List the factual details that support your choice.

IRAN.

Shah of Iran (r. 1941 – 1977)

Institutes Western reforms. Majority of his people live in poverty. Brutal suppression of dissidents

Q5

AYATOLLAH KHOMEINI LED REVOLUTION

IRANIAN HOSTAGE CRISIS

• 1979-1981• American Embassy

held hostage

52 Americans Held Hostage for 444

Days!

AFGHANISTAN

TALIBAN• Islamic Fundamentalist Group• Gave refuge to Osama Bin Laden & al Qaeda in

2001• Mistreat women

TERMS

• Sharpeville Massacre: in 1960, police gunned down 69 peaceful protesters in a black township; beginning of violence in South Africa

• Soweto: site of 1980’s student protest movement in South Africa