asian imperialism how western nations forced change
TRANSCRIPT
Asian Imperialism
How Western Nations Forced Change
Why did European Nations Imperialize Asia and Africa?
• Industrialization• Militarism• Nationalism• Capitalism– Marxist Theory – Capitalists need to expand at all
times.• Racism• Social Darwinism / White Burden• Missionaries• Out of Room in Europe – there is no place for
expansion here
Britain’s Spheres of Influence
• Sphere of Influence:–Area in which an outside power
claims exclusive trading and governing privileges
• Britain attempted to create a “sphere of influence” in many places as possible–More land = More Power = More
Wealth
India – The Crown Jewel of the British Empire
• 1700’s – Mughal Empire• 1600’s – 1700’s – British East India Company • By the early 1800’s in fighting gave the British
a chance to step in• 1857 – Sepoy Rebellion – Cartridges of
weapons dipped in beef and pork fat – Sepoy Soldiers
• 1858 – 1945 – The Raj – Oppressive time
The Sepoy Rebellion
The Raj
• Queen Victoria known as Empress of India• Takes government power away from private
companies and directly regulate them.• Oppressive – had to buy British goods and sell
to British merchants.• Faced famine in 1876 and 1900 – estimates
put the death at 10 million or more.
Indian Nationalism
• 1880’s – Indian National Congress – Hindu’s
• 1906 – Muslim League• 1914 – WWI• 1919 – Amritsar
Massacre• Gandhi and Satygraha
Gandhi – Nationalist Hero• 1890’s – South Africa• Satygraha• Swadeshi – Boycott
Policy• Homespun• 1930 – Salt March• After WWII – 1946
given independence• Partition of India• Assasination – Jan. 1948
China – The Great Carving
Spheres of Influence
• 1644-1912 – Qing Dynasty – started off isolated • By 1800’s Britain decided to get involve• 1832-1842 – Opium War• Treaty of Nanking – Extraterritoriality • Open Door Policy – US• 1900 – Righteous Harmonious Fist – The Boxer
Rebellion• 1911 – Sun Yixian
Japan
• Commodore Matthew Perry – Invasion of Tokyo Harbor
• Forces the change to Emperor Meiji and centralization of power.
• Japan modernizes, industrializes, westernizes and imperializes themselves.
• Sino-Japanese war - 1894• Russo-Japanese War – 1904• Washington Naval Conference - 1921
Commodore Matthew Perry - 1852
Emperor Meiji – First Emperor to be more powerful than Shogun
Japanese Zaibatsu’s – Companies supported by the government.
Sino-Japanese War – Korea and Manchuria ceded to Japan.
Washington DC Naval Conference – 9 Powers Treaty
The Middle East• 1900-1916 – Most of the Middle East in
Ottoman Emp.• 1916-1918 – Arab Revolt – pushed by Brits
and French• 1919 – Sykes-Picot Treaty – Divided between
Britain and France• 1920-1923 – British and French randomly
draw lines between countries – including Iraq. – T.E. Lawrence
T. E. Lawrence
Ali of Hajez – Leader of the Arab Revolt
Conflicting Promises
• The British had promised the holy land to three different groups – TH Lawrence – Independent Arab State– Hussein-McMahon Correspondence – Land to
Hashemite– Balfour Declaration – British promised homeland
to Israel.• Zionism an influence
The Modern Arab World