Asia GovernmentAsia Government

Distribution of PowerDistribution of Power

UnitaryUnitary

a form of government in which a form of government in which power is held by one central power is held by one central authorityauthority

UnitaryWays Government Distributes Power

Regional Authority

Regional Authority

Regional Authority

Regional Authority

Central Authority

Confederation Confederation

voluntary associations of voluntary associations of independent states that, to independent states that, to secure some common secure some common purpose, agree to certain purpose, agree to certain limitations on their powerlimitations on their power

Central Authority

ConfederationWays Government Distributes Power

Regional Authority

Regional Authority

Regional Authority

Regional Authority

Federal Federal

a form of government in which power a form of government in which power is divided between one central and is divided between one central and several regional authorities several regional authorities

Federation / FederalWays Government Distributes Power

Regional Authority

Central Authority

Regional Authority

Regional Authority

Regional Authority

Citizen ParticipationCitizen Participation

Autocratic Autocratic

government in which one person government in which one person possesses unlimited power and the possesses unlimited power and the citizen has little if any role in the citizen has little if any role in the government. government.

Oligarchic Oligarchic

government by the fewgovernment by the few, , sometimes a sometimes a government in which a small group government in which a small group exercises control especially for exercises control especially for corrupt and selfish purposes. The corrupt and selfish purposes. The citizen has a very limited role. citizen has a very limited role.

Democratic Democratic

a government in which the supreme a government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly or exercised by them directly or indirectly through a system of indirectly through a system of representation usually involving representation usually involving periodically held free elections. periodically held free elections.

How Governments How Governments Determine Citizen Determine Citizen

ParticipationParticipation

DemocracyDemocracyOligarchicAutocratic

Go

ve

rnm

en

t P

ow

er

Cit

ize

n P

arti

cip

ati

on

Go

ve

rnm

en

t P

ow

er

Ge

ne

ral C

itiz

en

s’

Pa

rtic

ipa

tio

n

Go

ve

rnm

en

t P

ow

er

Cit

ize

n P

arti

cip

ati

on

Se

lec

t C

itiz

en

s’

Pa

rtic

ipa

tio

n

High Participation High Participation

Low or No Participation Low or No Participation Low or No Participation

Democratic GovernmentsDemocratic Governments

Parliamentary Parliamentary

a system of government having the a system of government having the real executive power vested in a real executive power vested in a cabinet composed of members of the cabinet composed of members of the legislature who are individually and legislature who are individually and collectively responsible to the collectively responsible to the legislature. May have a Prime legislature. May have a Prime Minister elected by the legislature. Minister elected by the legislature.

Presidential Presidential

a system of government in which the a system of government in which the president is constitutionally president is constitutionally independent of the legislatureindependent of the legislature

In Japan, the prefectures (Japan’s word In Japan, the prefectures (Japan’s word for states or provinces) do not have any for states or provinces) do not have any independent authority. Instead, they independent authority. Instead, they carry out the laws and policies of the carry out the laws and policies of the national government. This is an national government. This is an example of what system of example of what system of government?government?

A. Unitary A. Unitary B. Confederation B. Confederation C. Federal C. Federal D. parliamentaryD. parliamentary

In Japan, the prefectures (Japan’s word In Japan, the prefectures (Japan’s word for states or provinces) do not have any for states or provinces) do not have any independent authority. Instead, they independent authority. Instead, they carry out the laws and policies of the carry out the laws and policies of the national government. This is an national government. This is an example of what system of example of what system of government? government?

A. Unitary* A. Unitary* B. Confederation B. Confederation C. Federal C. Federal D. parliamentary D. parliamentary

How does a democratic How does a democratic government differ from an government differ from an oligarchic government? oligarchic government?

A. Role of the citizen A. Role of the citizen

B. Law making process B. Law making process

C. Judicial system C. Judicial system

D. Role of individual states D. Role of individual states

How does a democratic How does a democratic government differ from an government differ from an oligarchic government? oligarchic government?

A. Role of the citizen* A. Role of the citizen*

B. Law making process B. Law making process

C. Judicial system C. Judicial system

D. Role of individual states D. Role of individual states

In a parliamentary government, unlike In a parliamentary government, unlike the presidential system, the head of the presidential system, the head of government belongs to which government belongs to which branch? branch?

A. Judicial A. Judicial

B. National B. National

C. Executive C. Executive

D. Legislative D. Legislative

In a parliamentary government, unlike In a parliamentary government, unlike the presidential system, the head of the presidential system, the head of government belongs to which branch? government belongs to which branch?

A. Judicial A. Judicial

B. National B. National

C. Executive C. Executive

D. Legislative* D. Legislative*

Asia GovernmentAsia Government

Federal Republic of India Federal Republic of India

Although India is a republic, individual Although India is a republic, individual states are more tightly controlled by the states are more tightly controlled by the central government than states in the central government than states in the United States. India has a President and a United States. India has a President and a Prime Minister. The President is the head of Prime Minister. The President is the head of state while the Prime Minister is the head state while the Prime Minister is the head of government. The President is elected by of government. The President is elected by an electoral college to 5-year term. The an electoral college to 5-year term. The Vice-President is elected by both houses of Vice-President is elected by both houses of Parliament. The Prime Minister is generally Parliament. The Prime Minister is generally the head of the party that enjoys a majority the head of the party that enjoys a majority in the legislative branch. All citizens 18 and in the legislative branch. All citizens 18 and over may vote for their legislators. over may vote for their legislators.

Pratibha PatilPratibha Patilsince 25 July since 25 July

2007 2007 The President is The President is

elected by the elected by the elected members elected members of the Parliament of of the Parliament of India as well as of India as well as of the state the state legislatures and legislatures and serves for a term of serves for a term of five years. five years.

Manmohan SinghManmohan Singhin office since 22 May 2004 in office since 22 May 2004

The head of government of The head of government of the Republic of India, and the Republic of India, and head of the Council of head of the Council of Ministers, appointed by the Ministers, appointed by the President to assist the President to assist the latter in the administration latter in the administration of the affairs of the of the affairs of the executive in India. The executive in India. The Prime Minister is Prime Minister is responsible for bringing responsible for bringing proposal of legislation. The proposal of legislation. The Prime Minister is appointed Prime Minister is appointed by the President, and by the President, and recognized as leader of the recognized as leader of the majority party in the two majority party in the two Houses of the Parliament of Houses of the Parliament of India. India.

The People’s Republic of The People’s Republic of China China Although China is called a republic, true Although China is called a republic, true

power lies with the ruling Communist power lies with the ruling Communist Party. China has a President and a Premier. Party. China has a President and a Premier. The President is the head of state while the The President is the head of state while the Premier is the head of government. The Premier is the head of government. The President and Vice-President are elected President and Vice-President are elected by the National People’s Congress. The by the National People’s Congress. The Prime Minister is the head of the ruling Prime Minister is the head of the ruling party, the Chinese Communist Party. While party, the Chinese Communist Party. While there are elections for the National there are elections for the National People’s Congress, there is truly only one People’s Congress, there is truly only one political party, the Chinese Communist political party, the Chinese Communist Party. The State Council, which functions Party. The State Council, which functions as a cabinet, is appointed by the National as a cabinet, is appointed by the National People’s Congress. People’s Congress.

Hu Jintao 15 Nov 2002 - Hu Jintao 15 Nov 2002 - Currently the Paramount Leader of the People's Republic of China, holding the titles of General Secretary of the Communist Party of China since 2002, President of the People's Republic of China since 2003, and Chairman of the Central Military Commission since 2004, succeeding Jiang Zemin in the fourth generation leadership of the People's Republic of China.

Increased population means more Increased population means more resources are needed to meet the resources are needed to meet the needs of the growing population. needs of the growing population. Due to fears of overpopulation in Due to fears of overpopulation in China, the government has China, the government has introduced a One Child Policy introduced a One Child Policy encouraging families to have only encouraging families to have only one child. If families have more than one child. If families have more than one child there are financial one child there are financial penalties.penalties.

The Constitutional The Constitutional Monarchy of Japan Monarchy of Japan

The Emperor of Japan (head of state) The Emperor of Japan (head of state) is merely a “symbol of the state.” is merely a “symbol of the state.” True executive power resides with True executive power resides with the Prime Minister (head of the Prime Minister (head of government), and the Cabinet of government), and the Cabinet of Ministers, who are part of the Ministers, who are part of the legislative branch of government. legislative branch of government. There are universal voting rights for There are universal voting rights for all adult citizens. all adult citizens.

Emperor Emperor AkihitoAkihito

The symbol of the state The symbol of the state and of the unity of the and of the unity of the Japanese people. He is Japanese people. He is the head of the the head of the Japanese Imperial Japanese Imperial Family. He is also the Family. He is also the highest authority of highest authority of the Shinto religion. the Shinto religion. Under Japan's present Under Japan's present constitution, the constitution, the Emperor is the Emperor is the "symbol of the state "symbol of the state and the unity of the and the unity of the people," and is a people," and is a ceremonial figurehead ceremonial figurehead in a constitutional in a constitutional monarchy monarchy

Yukio HatoyamaYukio HatoyamaThe Prime Minister is The Prime Minister is

appointed by the appointed by the Emperor of Japan after Emperor of Japan after being designated by being designated by the Diet from among the Diet from among its members, and must its members, and must enjoy the confidence enjoy the confidence of the House of of the House of Representatives to Representatives to remain in office. The remain in office. The Prime Minister is the Prime Minister is the head of the Cabinet head of the Cabinet and appoints and and appoints and dismisses the Ministers dismisses the Ministers of State. Yukio of State. Yukio Hatoyama has been Hatoyama has been prime minister since prime minister since 16 September 2009.16 September 2009.

COUNTRCOUNTRYY

TYPE OF TYPE OF GOV’TGOV’T

How do they become How do they become leaders in this leaders in this

country?country?

Form of Leadership Form of Leadership PersonalPersonalFreedomFreedom

s?s?

IndiaIndia Federal Federal DemocracyDemocracy

President – President –

Electoral CollegeElectoral College

Prime Minister – Head Prime Minister – Head of Majority legislative of Majority legislative branchbranch

President – head President – head of stateof state

Prime Minister – Prime Minister – head of gov’thead of gov’t

18 and 18 and older older votevote

ChinaChina RepublicRepublic

(fake)(fake)

Lead by Lead by Communist Communist PartyParty

President – chosen by President – chosen by National People’s National People’s CongressCongress

Premier (Prime Premier (Prime Minister) – Head of Minister) – Head of the Ruling Party the Ruling Party (Communist Party)(Communist Party)

President – head President – head of stateof state

Premier (Prime Premier (Prime Minister) – head Minister) – head of governmentof government

NoneNone

JapanJapan ConstitutionConstitutional Monarchyal Monarchy

Emperor – InheritedEmperor – Inherited

Prime Minister – Prime Minister – chosen by the Diet chosen by the Diet and emperor gives and emperor gives blessingblessing

Emperor – head Emperor – head of stateof state

Prime Minister – Prime Minister – head of head of governmentgovernment

20 and 20 and older older votevote

Chief of state Chief of state includes the name and includes the name and title of the titular leader of the country title of the titular leader of the country who represents the state at official and who represents the state at official and ceremonial functions, but who may not ceremonial functions, but who may not be involved with the day-to-day be involved with the day-to-day activities of the government. activities of the government.

Head of government Head of government includes the includes the name and title of the top name and title of the top administrative leader who is administrative leader who is designated to manage the day-to-day designated to manage the day-to-day activities of the government. activities of the government.

For example, in Japan, the emperor is For example, in Japan, the emperor is the chief of state, and the prime the chief of state, and the prime minister is the head of government. minister is the head of government. {In the US, the president is both the {In the US, the president is both the chief of state and the head of chief of state and the head of government.} government.}

Based on the information above, which term Based on the information above, which term identifies Japan’s government? identifies Japan’s government?

A. federal republic A. federal republic B. communist state B. communist state C. constitutional monarchyC. constitutional monarchyD. autocratic confederation D. autocratic confederation

The emperor holds a ceremonial role as head of state The emperor holds a ceremonial role as head of state

The prime minister is the head of government The prime minister is the head of government

The government’s true power lies with the Prime The government’s true power lies with the Prime Minister and the Cabinet Minister and the Cabinet

Based on the information above, which term Based on the information above, which term identifies Japan’s government? identifies Japan’s government?

A. federal republic A. federal republic B. communist state B. communist state C. constitutional monarchyC. constitutional monarchy **D. autocratic confederation D. autocratic confederation

The emperor holds a ceremonial role as head of state The emperor holds a ceremonial role as head of state

The prime minister is the head of government The prime minister is the head of government

The government’s true power lies with the Prime The government’s true power lies with the Prime Minister and the Cabinet Minister and the Cabinet

Based on the information above, which term Based on the information above, which term identifies India's government? identifies India's government?

A. federal republicA. federal republic

B. communist state B. communist state

C. constitutional monarchy C. constitutional monarchy

D. autocratic confederation D. autocratic confederation

a national government as well as 28 state governments

the leader of each state legislature's majority is appointed governor by the president

citizens of each state elect state legislatures

Based on the information above, which term Based on the information above, which term identifies India's government? identifies India's government?

A. federal republic *A. federal republic *

B. communist state B. communist state

C. constitutional monarchy C. constitutional monarchy

D. autocratic confederation D. autocratic confederation

a national government as well as 28 state governments

the leader of each state legislature's majority is appointed governor by the president

citizens of each state elect state legislatures